Business 1to1 Advanced Glossary Nieznany (2)

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Key

AmE = American English Br = British English fml = formal infml = informal

The definitions in this glossary are based on the
Oxford Business English Dictionary for Learners of
English and the Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary,
seventh edition.

business

one

glossary

absenteeism

/,&bs@n"ti;Iz@m/

(n) staying away from

work, especially often and without good reasons

accentuate

/@k "sentSueIt/

(v) to emphasize sth or

make it more noticeable

accomplish

/@"kVmplIS/

(v) to succeed in doing or

completing sth

achievement

/@"tSi;vm@nt/

(n) the act or process

of doing sth successfully, using your own effort and
skill

acronym

/"&kr@nIm/

(n) a word formed from the first

letters of the words that make up the name of sth; for
example ‘AIDS’ is an acronym for ‘acquired immune
deficiency syndrome’

aftermath

/"a;ft@m&T

; AmE

"&ft@r-/

(n) the situation

that exists as a result of an important, and usually
unpleasant, event

aid organization

/"eId O;g@naI"zeISn

; AmE

O;rg@nI-/

(n) an organization that exists to provide money,
help, food, etc. in areas or countries where it is
needed

allegorical

/&l@"gQrIkl/

(adj) an allegorical story, play,

picture, etc. uses characters or events as symbols
representing ideas or qualities, such as truth or evil

allocate

/"&l@keIt/

(v) to officially give sth to sb/sth for

a particular purpose

any more

/enI "mO;(r)/

(adv) used at the end of

negative sentences and at the end of questions, to
mean ‘any longer’

apparently

/@"p&r@ntlI/

(adv) according to what you

have heard or read

appraisal

/@"preIzl/

(n) a meeting between an

employee and a manager to discuss the quality of
the employee’s work and to plan future tasks

appreciate

/@"pri;SIeIt/

(v) to be grateful for sth that

sb has done; to welcome sth

appropriate

/@"pr@UrI@t

; AmE

-"proUp-/

(adj) suitable,

acceptable, or good enough for the particular
circumstances

arise

/@"raIz/

(v) to happen as a result of a particular

situation

art-house

/"a;thaUs

; AmE

"a;rt-/

(adj) art-house films/

movies are usually made by small companies and
intended to be unusual and of a high quality, rather
than being designed to please a wide audience

as far as (sth) is concerned

/@z fA;r @z Iz k@n"sE;nd

;

AmE

-"sE;rnd/

(idiom) used to give facts or an

opinion about a particular aspect of sth

as regards

/@z rI"gA;dz

; AmE

-"gA;rdz/

(prep)

concerning or in connection with sb/sth

as such

/&z "sVtS/

(adv) as a result of the

circumstances that have been described

as yet

/&z "jet/

(adv) until now or until a particular

time in the past

assemble

/@"sembl/

(v) to fit together all the separate

parts of sth

assertive

/@"s3;tIv

; AmE

-"s3;rt-/

(adj) saying what

you want or think strongly and with confidence, so
that people take notice

asset

/"&set/

(n) a person or thing that is valuable or

useful to sb/sth

assure

/@"SO;(r)

; AmE

@"SUr/

(v) to tell sb that sth

is definitely true or is definitely going to happen,
especially when they have doubts about it

attention to detail

/@%tenSn t@ "di;teIl/

(n) the quality

of taking care over the small facts or features of sth,
that may be difficult to notice

back out of

/%b&k "aUt @v/

(v) to decide that you are

no longer going to take part in sth that has been
agreed

backer

/"b&k@(r)/

(n) a person or company that gives

financial support to sb/sth

ball-park figure

/%bO;lpA;k "fIg@(r)

; AmE

-pA;rk

"fIgj@r/

(n) a number that is approximately correct

based

/beIst/

(adj) if a person or business is based in

a particular place, that is where they live or work, or
where the work of the business is done

be that as it may

/%bi; D&t @z It "meI/

(idiom) despite

that; nevertheless

bear (sth) in mind

/%bE;(r) In "maInd/

(v) to

remember or consider sth

benchmark

/"benSmA;k

; AmE

-mA;rk/

(n) something

which can be used as a standard that other things
can be compared with

besides

/bI"saIdz/

(prep) in addition to sb/sth; apart

from sb/sth

best part of

/%best "pA;t @v

; AmE

-"pA;rt-/

(idiom)

most of sth; more than half of sth

bid

/bId/

(v) to offer to do work or provide a service

for a particular price, in competition with other
companies

billboard

/"bIlbO;d

; AmE

-bO;rd/

(n) a large board on

the outside of a building or at the side of the road,
used for putting advertisements on

bonnet

/"bQnIt

; AmE

"bA:n-/

(n) the metal part over

the front of a vehicle, usually covering the engine
[BrE]

boom

/bu;m/

(n) a sudden increase in trade and

economic activity; a period of wealth and success

boot

/bu;t/

(n) the space at the back of a car that

you put bags, cases, etc. in [BrE]

brainchild

/"breIntSaIld/

(n) an idea or invention of

one person or a small group of people

Oxford

NEW

ENGLISH

BUSINESS

Dictionary

for learners of English

xfo

Dictionary

Intermediate to advanced

This new, up-to-date dictionary gives you all the help and information

you need to do business in English. It explains more than 30,000 words,

phrases and meanings in language you can understand, with examples so

you use the words correctly. It shows you the 1,000 most important

words you need to learn.

•

Over 30,000 words, phrases and meanings from marketing to
manufacturing, and travel to telephoning

•

Real examples from a new corpus that includes newspapers, journals
and textbooks

•

Common phrases showing words you always use together
(competitive/high/low/reasonable prices)

•

Help notes so you avoid making mistakes

•

Special notes with information on aspects of business, language and
vocabulary

•

Illustrations to explain business concepts and equipment (supply and
demand, blister pack)

•

Study pages focusing on practical language (CVs/résumés, describing graphs)

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Key

AmE = American English Br = British English fml = formal infml = informal

brainstorm

/"breInstO;m

; AmE

-stO;rm/

(v) to spend

time thinking about and discussing sth as a group,
often in order to solve a problem or to create good
ideas

break off

/%breIk "Qf

; AmE

-"A:f/

(v) to end sth such as

a relationship or discussion

breakdown

/"breIkdaUn/

(n) a list of all the details of

sth

breathalyzer

/"breT@laIz@(r)/

(n) a device used by the

police to measure the amount of alcohol in a driver’s
breath

brewery

/"bru;@ri/

(n) a factory where beer is made,

or a company that makes beer

bring (sth) up

/%brIN "Vp/

(v) to mention a subject or

start to talk about it

brisk

/brIsk/

(adj) quick or busy

browser

/"braUz@(r)/

(n) a program that lets you look

at or read documents on the Internet

browsing

/"braUzIN/

(n) the activity of looking at and

reading documents on the Internet

bug

/bVg/

(n) a fault in a computer system or

program

calibre [BrE], caliber [AmE]

/"k&lIb@(r)/

(n) the

quality of sth, especially a person’s ability

carried away

/%k&rId @"weI/

(adj) very excited or

losing control of your feelings

carry (sth) out

/%k&ri "aUt/

(v) to do and complete a

task

cash flow

/"k&Sfl@U

; AmE

-floU/

(n) the movement

of money into and out of a business as goods are
bought and sold

casting agency

/"kA:stIN eIdZ@nsi

; AmE

"k&st-/

(n)

a company that finds actors for films/movies, plays,
and advertisements

catch up on

/%k&tS "Vp Qn/

(v) to find out about

things that have happened

caveat

/"k&vi&t/

(n) [fml] a warning that particular

things need to be considered before sth can be
done

chase (sb) up

/%tSeIs "Vp/

(v) to contact sb in order to

remind them to do sth that they should have done
already

climb a ladder

/%klaIm @ "l&d@(r)/

(idiom) to make

progress by a series of stages in a plan, career, or
organization

collate

/k@"leIt/

(v) to collect information together

from different sources in order to examine and
compare it

come up against

/%kVm "Vp @geInst/

(v) to have to

deal with sth such as problems or opposition

come up with

/%kVm "Vp wID/

(v) to find or produce

sth such as an answer, idea, or sum of money

commercial orientation

/k@%mE;Sl O;rIen"teISn

;

AmE

-mE;r-/

(n) awareness of the need to make

a profit, and efforts to do this

communicative

/k@m"ju;nIk@tIv/

(adj) willing to talk

and give information to other people

competency

/"kAmp@t@nsi

; AmE

"kA:m-/

(n) a skill

that you need in a particular job or for a particular
task

conservatism

/k@n"sE:v@tIzm

; AmE

-"sE;r-/

(n) the

tendency to resist change

consider

/k@n"sId@(r)/

(v) to think about sth carefully,

especially in order to decide whether to do it

consignment

/k@n"saInm@nt/

(n) a quantity of goods

that are sent or delivered somewhere

contentment

/k@n"tentm@nt/

(n) a feeling of

happiness or satisfaction

contingency budget

/k@n"tIndZ@nsi bVdZIt/

(n) an

amount of money allowed in a plan to pay for a
possible future expense or loss

converge

/k@n"vE;dZ

; AmE

-"vE:rdZ/

(v) to move

towards a place from different directions and meet

conversion rate

/k@n"vE;Z@n reIt

; AmE

-"vE:rZ-/

(n) the

number of items sold or number of new customers,
compared to the amount spent on Internet
advertising

convey

/k@n"veI/

(v) to make ideas or feelings known

to sb, for example by sending a message

cope

/k@Up

; AmE

koUp/

(v) to deal successfully with

sth difficult

count on

/"kaUnt An/

(v) to trust sb to do sth

course of action

/%kO;s @v "&kSn

; AmE

%kO;rs-/

(n) a

way of acting in or dealing with a particular situation

courteously

/"kE;tI@sli

; AmE

"kE;rt-/

(adv) politely, in a

way that shows respect

coverage

/"kVv@rIdZ/

(n) the reporting of news in

newspapers and on radio and television

creativity

/kri;eI"tIv@ti/

(n) the ability to use your

imagination and skill to produce or think of sth new

credo

/"kri;d@U

; AmE

-doU/

(n) a set of beliefs

customer focus

/%kVst@m@ "f@Uk@s

; AmE

%kVst@m@

r "foUk@s/

(n) attention to and efforts to fulfil the

needs of customers

delegate

/"del@geIt/

(v) to give part of your work,

power or authority to sb in a lower position than you

delighted

/dI"laItId/

(adj) very pleased

demanding

/dI"mA;ndIN

; AmE

-"m&nd-/

(adj)

expecting a lot of work or attention from others; not
easily satisfied

demeanour [BrE], demeanor [AmE]

/dI"mi;n@(r)/

(n)

the way that sb looks or behaves

demonstrate

/"dem@nstreIt/

(v) to show how to do sth

or how sth works

determined

/dI"tE;mInd

; AmE

-"tE;rm-/

(adj) having

made a firm decision to do sth and not willing to let
anyone prevent you

deterrent

/dI"ter@nt/

(n) something that makes sb less

likely to do sth

disclaimer

/dIs"kleIm@(r)/

(n) a statement that you

are not connected with or responsible for sth, or that
you do not have any knowledge of it

discontinue

/%dIsk@n"tInju;/

(v) to stop doing, using, or

providing sth, or stop making a product

discrepancy

/dIs"krep@nsi/

(n) a difference between

two or more figures, dates, accounts, etc. that should
be the same

dismissal

/dIs"mIsl/

(n) the act of officially removing

sb from their job

donation

/d@U"neISn

; AmE

doU-/

(n) something that

is given to a person or an organization such as a
charity, in order to help them

dossier

/"dAsieI/

(n) a collection of documents that

contain information about sth or sb

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downsizing

/"daUnsaIzIN/

(n) the process of reducing

the number of people who work in a company,
business, etc. in order to reduce costs

be down to

/bi "daUn tu/

(v) to be caused by a

particular thing or person

drastic

/"dr&stIk/

(adj) extreme in a way that has a

sudden or serious effect

draw (sth) up

/%drO; "Vp/

(v) to make or write sth that

needs careful thought or planning

drawback

/"drO;b&k/

(n) a disadvantage or problem

that makes an idea less attractive

embark on

/Im"bA;k Qn

; AmE

Im"bA;rk A;n/

(v) to

start to do sth new or difficult

embrace

/Im"breIs/

(v) to accept an idea, a proposal,

a set of beliefs, etc., especially with enthusiasm

emissions

/I"mISnz/

(n) harmful gases, especially

carbon dioxide, that are sent out into the air

emphasize

/"emf@saIz/

(v) to give special importance

to sth; to stress sth

empowerment

/Im"paU@m@nt

; AmE

"paU@r-/

(n) the

act of giving someone more power or more control
over their life or environment

entail

/In"teIl/

(v) to involve sth that cannot be

avoided

enthusiastic

/In%Tju;zi"&stIk

; AmE

-%Tu;-/

(adj) feeling

or showing a lot of excitement and interest

envisage

/In"vIzIdZ/

(v) to imagine what will happen

in the future

ETA

/%i;ti;"ei/

(n) estimated time of arrival; the time at

which sb or sth is expected to arrive

evaluate

/I"v&ljueIt/

(v) to form an opinion about

the quality or value of sb/sth after thinking about it
carefully

excel

/Ik"sel/

(v) to do sth extremely well

excess funds

/%ekses "fVndz/

(n) money available

in addition to the amount that is needed or was
planned

experienced

/Ik"spI@ri@nst

; AmE

-"spIr-/

(adj) having

knowledge or skill in a particular job or activity

expertise

/%ekspE; "ti;z

; AmE

-spE;r-/

(n) expert

knowledge or skill in a particular subject, activity, or
job

explore

/Ik"splO;(r)/

(v) to examine sth completely or

carefully in order to find out more about it

extend

/Ik"stend/

(v) to offer or give sth such as

thanks, a welcome, or an invitation

extortionate

/Ik"stO;S@n@t

; AmE

-"stO;r-/

(adj) (of a

price) much too high

eyesore

/"aIsO;(r)/

(n) a building, an object, etc. that is

very unpleasant to look at

facilitate

/f@"sIlIteIt/

(v) to make an action or process

possible or easier

fall over yourself to do

/%fO;l "@Uv@(r)

; AmE

-"oUv@r/

(v) to try very hard or want very much to do sth

familiarize

/f@"mIli@raIz/

(v) to learn about sth

or teach sb about sth, so that you/they start to
understand it

fast-track

/"fA;st tr&k

; AmE

"f&st-/

(v) to make sth

happen or make sb progress more quickly than
normal

feasible

/"fi;z@bl/

(adj) that is possible and likely to be

achieved

fertilizer

/"fE;tIlaIz@(r)

; AmE

"fE;rt-/

(n) a substance

added to soil to make plants grow more successfully

fine-tune

/%faIn"tju;n

; AmE

-"tu;n/

(v) to make very

small changes to sth so that it is as good as it can
possibly be

firmly

/"fE;mli

; AmE

"fE;rm-/

(adv) in a strong or

definite way

first and foremost

/%fE;st @nd "fO;m@Ust

; AmE

%fE;rst @

nd "fO;rmoUst/

(adv) before or more than anything

else

fly the coop

/%flaI D@ "ku;p/

(idiom) (of sb’s child) to

leave home and live somewhere else

focused

/"f@Uk@st

; AmE

"foU-/

(adj) with very clear

aims; with your attention directed strongly to what
you want to do

follow up

/%fQl@U "Vp

; AmE

%fA;loU-/

(v) to add to sth

you have just done by doing sth else

foregone conclusion

/%fO;gQn k@n"klu;Zn

; AmE

%fO;rgA:n-/

(n) a result that is certain to happen

foresee

/fO;"si;

; AmE

fO;r-/

(v) to think sth is going to

happen in the future

former

/"fO;m@(r)

; AmE

"fO;rm@r/

(n) the first of two

things or people mentioned

fortunate

/"fO;tS@n@t

; AmE

"fO;rtS-/

(adj) having or

bringing an advantage, a piece of good luck, etc.;
lucky

foundation

/faUn"deISn/

(n) an organization that

is established to provide money for a particular
purpose, for example for scientific research or charity

franchise

/"fr&nSaIz/

(n) a business run by sb with

official permission to sell a company’s goods or
services in a particular place

franchisee

/%fr&nSaI"zi;/

(n) a person or company

that has been given a franchise (the right to sell a
company’s goods or services in a particular place)

freight

/freIt/

(n) goods that are transported by ships,

planes, trains, or lorries/trucks

frizzy

/"frIzi/

(adj) (of hair) in a mass of tight curls

front runner

/%frVnt "rVn@(r)/

(n) sth or sb that seems

most likely to be the best or to win

frustrated

/frVs"treItId

; AmE

"frVstr-/

(adj) feeling

annoyed and impatient because you cannot do or
achieve what you want

fund raising

/"fVnd reIzIN/

(n) the activity of collecting

money for a charity or organization

garish

/"gE;rIS/

(adj) very brightly coloured in an

unpleasant way

gate receipts

/"geIt rIsi;ts/

(n) money received from

people paying to attend a sports event

get across

/%get @"krQs

; AmE

-"krA;s/

(v) to reach a

place that is on the other side of something such as
a road or area of water

get back to sb

/%get "b&k t@/

(v) to speak or write to

sb again later, especially in order to give a reply

get behind sth

/%get bI"haInd/

(v) to get involved with

supporting or developing sth

get off sth

/%get "Qf/

(v) to stop discussing a subject,

especially one you should be discussing, and start
talking about sth else

get rid of sb

/%get "rId @v/

(v) to make sb leave their

job

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get the go-ahead

/%get D@ "g@U@hed

; AmE

-"goU-/

(v)

to get permission to start doing sth

give up

/%gIv "Vp/

(v) to stop trying to do sth

go ahead

/%g@U @"hed

; AmE

%goU-/

(v) used to tell sb

to begin or continue doing sth

go along with sb/sth

/%g@U @"lQN wID

; AmE

%goU

@"lA;N- / (v) to agree with sb/sth

go beyond sth

/%g@U bI"jQnd

; AmE

%goU bI"jA;nd/

(v)

to be more or better than sth

goal-oriented

/"g@Ul %O;ri@ntId

; AmE

"goUl/

(adj)

working hard to achieve the tasks that have been set

gratitude

/"gr&tItju;d/

(n) the feeling of being grateful

and wanting to express your thanks

gripe

/graIp/

(n) a complaint about sth

gross profit

/%gr@Us "prQfIt

; AmE

%groUs "prA;fIt/

(n)

the amount of profit before overheads and tax are
taken off

ground rules

/"graUnd ru;lz/

(n) the basic rules on

which sth is based

grumblings

/"grVmblINz/

(n) protests about sth that

come from a number of people but that are not
expressed very clearly

guesstimate

/"gestIm@t/

(n) an attempt to calculate

sth that is based more on guessing than on
information

hands-on

/%h&nz "Qn/

(adj) doing sth rather than just

talking or thinking about it

hands-on experience

/%h&nz Qn Ik"spI@ri@ns/

(n)

experience that involves actually doing sth yourself

happen to

/"h&p@n t@/

(v) to do sth by chance

hard on sb

/"hA;d Qn

; AmE

"hA;rd A;n/

(adj) treating

or criticizing sb too strictly or severely

have sb onside

/%h&v Qn"saId/

(idiom) to have sb’s

support

heartfelt

/"hA;tfelt

; AmE

"hA;rt=-/

(adj) showing strong

and sincere feelings

heavy-hitter

/%hevi"hIt@(r)/

(n) a person with a lot of

power, especially in business or politics

high-profile

/%haI"pr@UfaIl

; AmE

-"proU-/

(adj)

receiving or involving a lot of attention and
discussion on television, in newspapers, etc.

hindsight

/"haIndsaIt/

(n) the understanding that

you have of a situation only after it has happened
and that means you would have done things in a
different way

hint

/hInt/

(v) to suggest sth in an indirect way

hitch

/hItS/

(n) a problem or difficulty that causes a

short delay

hoarding

/"hO;dIN

; AmE

"hO;rd-/

(n) a large board on

the outside of a building or at the side of the road,
used for putting advertisements on [BrE]

hold (sb/sth) up

/%h@Uld "Vp

; AmE

%hoUld-/

(v) to

delay or block the progress of sb/sth

honour [BrE], honor [AmE]

/"Qn@(r)

; AmE

"A;n@r/

(n)

something that you are very pleased or proud to do

hopelessly

/"h@Upl@sli

; AmE

"hoUp-/

(adv) very badly;

used to emphasize the degree of sth, usually sth bad

humiliating

/hju;"mIlieItIN/

(adj) making sb feel

ashamed or stupid, and that they have lost the
respect of other people

hurtle

/"hE;tl

; AmE

"hE;rtl/

(v) to move very fast in a

particular direction

hybrid

/"haIbrId/

(adj) using more than one type of

fuel, usually petrol and electricity

immune

/I"mju;n/

(adj) protected from sth and

therefore able to avoid it

impede

/Im"pi;d/

(v) to delay or stop the progress of

sth

impromptu

/Im"prQmptu;/

(adj) done without

preparation or planning

inform

/In"fO;m

; AmE

"fO;rm/

(v) to tell sb about sth,

especially in an official way

in lieu

/In"lu;/

(adv) instead of sth

innovative

/"In@v@tIv/

(adj) introducing or using new

ideas, ways of doing sth, etc.

in parallel

/%In "p&r@lel/

(adv) with and at the same

time as sb/sth else

integrity

/In"tegrIti/

(n) the quality of being honest

and having strong moral principles

interrupt

/Int@"rVpt/

(v) to say or do sth that makes sb

stop what they are saying or doing

in the grip of

/%In D@ "grIp @v/

experiencing sth

unpleasant that cannot be stopped

in the meantime

/%In D@ "mi;ntaIm/

(adv) in the

period of time between two times or two events

in the region of

/%In D@ "ri;dZ@n @v/

(idiom) used

when you are giving a number, price, etc. to show
that it is not exact

in tune with

/In "tju;n wID/

in agreement with sb/sth;

having the sAme opinions, feelings, interests, etc. as
sb/sth

invariably

/In"ve@ri@bli

; AmE

-"ver-/

(adv) always;

without fail

irreverence

/I"rev@r@ns/

(n) not showing respect to

sb/sth that other people usually respect

jargon

/"jA;g@n

; AmE

"jA;rg-/

(n) words or expressions

that are used by a particular profession or group of
people, and are difficult for others to understand

job responsibilities

/"jQb rIspQnsI%bIl@tiz

; AmE

-spA;n-

(n) the tasks and duties that must be done by sb

as part of their job

juxtapose

/%jVkst@"p@Uz

; AmE

-"poUz/

(v) to put

people or things together, especially in order to show
a contrast or a new relationship between them

keep going

/%ki;p "g@UIN

; AmE

-"goU-/

(v) to continue

doing sth

keep in mind

/%ki;p In "maInd/

(v) to remember or

consider sth

keep track of

/%ki;p "tr&k @v/

(v) to have information

about what is happening or where sth is

keep up

/%ki;p "Vp/

(v) to manage to understand or

do sth at the same rate as others

keep (sth) up

/%ki;p "Vp/

(v) to manage to continue

doing sth difficult

key sector

/%ki; "sekt@(r)/

(n) the most important

part of an area of activity, especially of a country’s
economy

kick (sth) off

/%kIk "Qf/

(v) to start sth

last but not least

/%lA;st bVt nQt "li;st

; AmE

%l&st-/

(idiom) used when mentioning the last person or
thing of a group, in order to say that they are not less
important than the others

last-minute

/%lA;st "mInIt

; AmE

%l&st-/

(adj) done at

the latest possible time before an event

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Key

AmE = American English Br = British English fml = formal infml = informal

latter

/"l&t@(r)/

(n) the second of two things, people,

or groups that have just been mentioned, or the last
in a list

leadership skills

/"li;d@SIp %skIlz/

(n) the qualities and

abilities of a good leader

leave it there

/%li;v It "De@(r)/

(v) to say or do nothing

more about sth

left field

/%left "fi;ld/

(n) an opinion or a position that

is strange or unusual and very different to the normal
position

left to rot

/%left t@ "rQt/

(adj) allowed to gradually

decay or be destroyed because nothing is done

let (sth) slip

/%let "slIp/

(v) to allow a situation where

a task is not completed or an aim is not achieved by
the planned date

level-headed

/%levl "hed@d/

(adj) calm and sensible;

able to make good decisions even in difficult
situations

link up

/%lInk "Vp/

(v) to join or become joined with

sb/sth

lose your temper

/%lu;z "temp@(r)/

(v) to fail to control

your anger

lose out on sth

/%lu;z "aUt Qn/

(v) to not get sth you

wanted or feel you should have

lounge

/"laUndZ/

(v) to stand, sit, or lie somewhere in

a lazy way, not doing anything useful

loyalty card

/"lOI@lti kA;d

; AmE

-kA;rd/

(n) a card

given to customers by a shop/store, which enables
them to earn points every time they shop there [BrE]

make amends

/%meIk @"mendZ/

(v) to do sth for sb

in order to show that you are sorry for sth wrong or
unfair that you have done

make the most of sth/sb

/%meIk D@ "m@Ust @v

;

AmE

-"moUst-/

(v) to gain as much advantage,

enjoyment, etc. as you can from sb/sth

mantra

/"m&ntr@/

(n) a word, phrase, or sound that is

repeated again and again, especially during prayer
or meditation; a commonly repeated word or phrase

meet (sth) head on

/%mi;t hed "Qn;

Ame

-"A;n/

(v) to

face something directly and firmly

mellow

/"mel@U

; AmE

-loU/

(adj) relaxed, calm, and

happy

motivated

/"m@UtIveItId

; AmE

"moU-/

(adj) very

interested in what you do and working hard

move on

/%mu;v "Qn

; AmE

-"A;n/

(v) to make progress,

especially by starting to do or discuss sth new

multi-tasking

/%mVltI "tA;skIN

; AmE

-"t&sk-/

(n) the

ability to do several things at the same time

muscle in

/%mVsl "In/

(v) to involve yourself in a

situation when you have no right to do so, in order to
get something for yourself

my pleasure

/%maI "pleZ@(r)/

(idiom) used as a polite

way of replying when sb thanks you for doing sth, to
show that you were happy to do it

nest egg

/"nest eg/

(n) a sum of money that you save

to use in the future

notify

/"n@UtIfaI

; AmE

"noU-/

(v) to formally or officially

tell sb about sth

obesity

/@"bi;s@ti/

(n) the fact or problem of sb being

very fat, in a way that is not healthy

obnoxiously

/@b"nQkS@sli

; AmE

-"nA;k-/

(adv) in an

extremely unpleasant or offensive way

off licence

/"Qf laIs@ns

; AmE

"A;f-/

(n) a shop that

sells alcoholic drinks in bottles and cans to take
away [BrE]

off the wall

/%Qf D@ "wO;l

; AmE

%A;f-/

(adj) [infml]

unusual and amusing; slightly crazy

offshoot

/"QfSu;t

; AmE

"A;f-/

(n) a thing that develops

from sth, especially a small organization that
develops from a larger one

on purpose

/%Qn "pE;p@s

; AmE

%A;n "pE;rp@s/

(adv)

not by accident; deliberately

on the case

/%Qn D~@ "keIs

; AmE

%A;n-/

(idiom) dealing

with a particular matter

on the dot

/%Qn D~@ "dQt

; AmE

%A;n D@ "dA;t/

(idiom)

[infml] exactly on time or at the exact time
mentioned

on the safe side

/%Qn D~@ "seIf saId

; AmE

%A;n-/

(idiom)

being especially careful; taking no risks

on track

/%Qn "tr&k/

(adj) doing what is necessary in

order to achieve a particular result

once in a while

/%wVns In @ "waIl/

(idiom)

occasionally

operational costs

/%Qp@reIS@nl "kQsts

; AmE

%A;p-

"kA;sts/

(n) costs connected with the way in which a

business or system normally works

orchestrated

/"O;k@streItId

; AmE

"O;rk-/

(adj)

organized very carefully or secretly

outlet

/"aUtlet/

(n) a shop/store or an organization

that sells goods made by a particular company or of
a particular type

outset

/"aUtset/

(n) the beginning of sth

outskirts

/"aUtskE;ts

; AmE

-skE;rts/

(n) the parts of a

town or city that are furthest from the centre

outsource

/"aUtsO;s

; AmE

-sO;rs/

(v) to arrange for sb

outside a company to do work or provide goods for
that company

outstay your welcome

/aUt%steI "welc@m/

(idiom)

to stay somewhere as a guest longer than you are
wanted

outweigh

/%aUt"weI/

(v) to be greater or more

important than sth

over budget

/%@Uv@ "bVdDIt

; AmE

%oUv@r-/

(idiom)

having spent more money than was planned or than
is available

overhaul

/%@Uv@ "bVdDIt

; AmE

%oUv@r-/

(v) to examine

every part of a machine, system, etc. and make any
necessary changes or repairs

overheads

/"@Uv@hedz

; AmE

"oUv@r-/

(n) regular costs

of running a business or an organization, such as
rent, electricity, wages, etc.

overpriced

/%@Uv@"praIst

; AmE

%oUv@r-/

(adj) too

expensive; costing more than it is worth

overseer

/"@Uv@sI@(r)

; AmE

"oUv@rsIr/

(n) a person

whose job is to make sure that people or systems are
working as they should

overworked

/%@Uv@"wE;kt

; AmE

%oUv@r"wE;rkt/

(adj)

made to work too hard or too much

panel interview

/"p&nl %Int@vju

; AmE

-t@r-/

(n) an

interview in which a person applying for a job is
asked questions by a group of people

parameter

/p@"r&mIt@(r)/

(n) something that decides

or limits the way in which sth can be done

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party animal

/"pA;ti %&nIml

; AmE

pA;rti-/

(n) a

person who enjoys spending a lot of time at parties

pass (sb) over

/%pA;s "@Uv@(r)

; AmE

%p&s "oUv@r/

(v)

to not consider sb for promotion in a job, especially
when they deserve it or think that they deserve it

patent

/"peItnt

; AmE

"p&tnt/

(n) an official right to be

the only person to make, use, or sell a product or an
invention; a document that proves this

paunch

/pO;nS/

(n) a fat stomach on a man

pending

/"pendIN/

(adj) waiting to be decided or

settled

perks

/pE;ks

; AmE

pE;rks/

(n) things you receive as

well as your wages for doing a particular job

perpendicular

/%pE;pen"dIkjul@(r)

; AmE

%pE;r-/

(adj)

forming an angle of 90° with another line or surface;
vertical and going straight up

persuasive

/p@"sweIsIv

; AmE

p@r-/

(adj) able to

persuade sb to do or believe sth

pick up speed

/%pIk Vp "spi;d/

(idiom) to go faster

play for time

/%pleI f@(r) "taIm/

(idiom) to say or

do sth in an attempt to give yourself more time to
answer, decide, finish, etc.

plenary

/"pli;n@ri/

(adj) (of meetings, etc.) to be

attended by everyone who has the right to attend

plush

/plVS/

(adj) very comfortable; expensive and of

good quality

point-blank

/%pOInt "bl&nk/

(adv) in a way that is very

definite and direct, and not very polite

poll

/p@Ul

; AmE

poUl/

(n) the process of questioning

people who are representative of a larger group in
order to get information about the general opinion

post code

/"p@Ust k@Ud

; AmE

"poUst koUd/

(n)

a group of letters and/or numbers that are used
as part of an address so that post/mail can be
separated into groups and delivered more quickly
[BrE]

potential

/p@"tenSl/

(n) qualities in a person that exist

and can be developed

praise

/preIz/

(v) to express your approval or

admiration for sb/sth

preferred supplier

/prI%fE;d s@"plaI@(r)

; AmE

-%fE;rd

-"laI@r/

(n) a business that has an agreement to

supply another business with goods or services

premise

/"premIs/

(n) a statement or an idea that

forms the basis for a reasonable line of argument

premises

/"premIs@z/

(n) the building and land near

to it that a business owns or uses

product placement

/%prQdvkt "pleIsm@nt

; AmE

%prA;-/

(n) a type of advertising in which a company pays
to have its product appear in a film/movie or
television programme

projected sales

/pr@%dZektId "seIlz/

(n) estimated

future sales based on what is happening now

proliferation

/pr@%lIf@"reISn/

(n) the sudden increase

in the number or amount of sth; a large number of a
particular thing

promotional stunt

/pr@%m@USnl "stVnt

; AmE

-%moU-

(n) something that is done in order to attract

people’s attention and advertise a product or
service

proper channels

/%prQp@ "tS&nlz

; AmE

%prA;p@r-/

(n) the usual and correct method or system for
getting information, communicating, or sending sth
somewhere

proportionate

/pr@"pO;S@n@t

; AmE

-"pO;rS-/

(adj)

increasing or decreasing in size, amount, or degree
according to changes in sth else

propose a toast

/pr@"p@Uz @ t@Ust

; AmE

pr@"poUz

@ toUst/

(idiom) to ask people to wish sb or sth

success by raising their glasses and drinking

prospect

/"prQspekt

; AmE

"prA;s-/

(n) the possibility

that sth will happen

prototype

/"pr@Ut@taIp

; AmE

"proU-/

(n) the first

design of sth from which other forms are copied or
developed

provision

/pr@"vISn/

(n) the act of supplying sb with

sth that they need or want; sth that is supplied

proximity

/prQk"sImIti

; AmE

prA;-/

(n) [fml] the state

of being near sb/sth in distance or time

psychometric test

/%saIk@metrIk "test/

(n) a test that

measures sb’s mental abilities, personality, attitudes,
etc., often used when choosing sb for a job

pull your weight

/%pUl "weIt/

(v) to work as hard as

everyone else in a job, an activity, etc.

pull out

/%pUl "aUt/

(v) to move away from sth or stop

being involved in it

pull over

/%pUl "@Uv@(r)

; AmE

-"oUv@r/

(v) to move to

the side of the road in order to stop or let sth pass

put (sth) back

/%pVt "b&k (v) to move sth to a later

time or date

put (sth) in

/%pUt "In/

(v) to spend a lot of time or

make a lot of effort doing sth

put up with sb/sth

/%pUt "Vp wID/

(v) to accept

sb/sth that is annoying, unpleasant, etc. without
complaining or trying to stop it

quaking in your boots

/%qweIkIN In "bu;ts/

(idiom)

very frightened or nervous

ramshackle

/"r&mS&kl/

(adj) (of buildings, vehicles,

furniture, etc.) in a very bad condition and needing
repair

rapport

/r&"pO;(r)/

(n) a friendly relationship in which

people understand each other very well

razzmatazz

/%r&zm@"t&z/

(n) [infml] a lot of noisy

exciting activity that is intended to attract people’s
attention

reboot

/%ri;"bu;t/

(v) if you reboot a computer or

it reboots, you switch it off and then start it again
immediately

rebuild

/%ri;"bIld/(v) to make sth complete and

strong or successful again

recount

/rI"kaUnt/

(v) to tell somebody about

something, especially something that you have
experienced

rectify

/"rektIfaI/

(v) to put sth right that is wrong

reflect on

/rI"flekt Qn/

(v) to think carefully and

deeply about sth

refurbish

/%ri;"fE;bIS

; AmE

-"fE;rb-/

(v) to clean and

decorate a room, building, etc. in order to make it
more attractive, more useful, etc.

regarding

/rI"gA;dIN

; AmE

-"gA;rd-/

(prep)

concerning sb/sth; about sb/sth

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rehabilitate

/%ri;h@"bIlIteIt/

(v) to return a building or

an area to its previous good condition

re-install

/%ri;"InstO;l/

(v) to put a program on to a

computer again, usually because sth has gone
wrong

remuneration

/rI%mju;n@"reISn/

(n) [fml] an amount of

money that is paid to sb for the work they have done

renovate

/"ren@veIt/

(v) to repair and paint an old

building, a piece of furniture, etc. so that it is in good
condition again

reservations

/rez@"veISnz

; AmE

rez@r-/

(n) feelings of

doubt about a plan or idea

respectively

/rI"spektIvli/

(adv) in the same order as

the people or things already mentioned

respondent

/rI"spQnd@nt

; AmE

-"spA;n-/

(n) a person

who answers questions, especially in a survey

retention

/rI"tenSn/

(n) the ability of a company to

keep its employees

revenue

/"rev@nju;

; AmE

nu;/

(n) the money that an

organization, etc. receives from its business

riddled with sth

/"rIdld wID/

(adj) full of sth, especially

sth bad or unpleasant

round-trip ticket

/%raUnd%trIp "tIkIt/

(n) a ticket for a

journey to a place and back again [AmE]

salvage

/"s&lvIdZ/

(v) to manage to rescue sth from a

difficult situation; to stop a bad situation from being
a complete failure

saturated fat

/%s&tS@reItId "f&t/

(n) a type of fat

found, for example, in butter, fried food, and many
types of meat, which encourages the harmful
development of cholesterol

scale (sth) up

/%skeIl "Vp/

(v) to increase the size or

number of sth

scroll

/skr@Ul

; AmE

skroUl/

(v) to move text on a

computer screen up or down so that you can read
different parts of it

sedentary

/s@"dent@ri/

(adj) spending a lot of time

sitting down and not moving

seem

/si;m/

(v) to give the impression of being or

doing sth

seemingly

/"si;mINli/

(adv) according to what you

have read or heard

self-awareness

/%self @"wE;n@s

; AmE

-"wE;rn-/

(n)

knowledge and understanding of your own
character

send (sth) through

/%send "Tru;/

(v) to get information

to sb by post/mail, email, etc.

sensor

/"sens@(r)/

(n) a device that can react to light,

heat, pressure, etc. in order to make a machine, etc.
do sth or show sth

set objectives

/%set @b"jektIvz/

(idiom) to decide or

agree which things sb must try to achieve

setback

/"setb&k/

(n) a difficulty or problem that

delays or prevents sth, or makes a situation worse

shipment

/"SIpm@nt/

(n) a quantity of goods that are

sent from one place to another

shoddy

/"SQdi

; AmE

"SA;di/

(adj) (of goods, work, etc.)

made or done badly and with not enough care

shortlist

/"SO;tlIst

; AmE

"SO;rt-/

(v) to select sb/sth

as one of a small number chosen from all the
candidates for a job, prize, etc.

shun

/SVn/

(v) to avoid sb/sth

single-handedly

/%sINgl "h&nd@dli/

(adv) done by

one person with nobody helping

so far

/%s@U "fA;(r)

; AmE

%soU "fA;r / (adv) until now;

up to this point

soft skills

/"sQft %skIlz

; AmE

"sA;ft-/

(n) the abilities that

sb has to communicate well and work with other
people

source

/sO;s;

Ame

sO;rs/

(v) to get sth from a particular

place

spawn

/spO;n/

(v) to cause sth to develop or be

produced

speed (sth) up

/%spi;d "Vp/

(v) to make sth move or

happen faster

spin

/spIn/

(n) a way of presenting information or

a situation in a particular way, especially one that
makes you or your ideas seem good

sponsor

/"spQns@(r)

; AmE

"spA;n-/

(n) a person

or company that pays for a radio or television
programme, or for a concert or sporting event,
usually in return for advertising

sponsor (v) (of a company, etc.) to pay the costs

of a particular event, programme, etc. as a way of
advertising

stand (sb) in good stead

/%st&nd In gUd "sted/

(idiom) to be useful or helpful to sb when needed

stand up to sth

/%st&nd "vp tu/

(v) to remain valid

even when tested, examined closely, etc.

stay on

/%steI "Qn/

(v) to continue working somewhere

stiff competition

/%stIf kQmp@"tISn

; AmE

-kA;m-/

(idiom) a situation in which people or organizations
compete with each other strongly for custom

stress

/stres/

(v) to emphasize a fact, an idea, etc.

strike

/straIk/

(v) to happen suddenly and have a

harmful or damaging effect on sb/sth

stupidly

/"stju;pIdli/

(adv) in a way that shows a lack

of thought or good judgement

subordinate

/s@"bO;dIn@t

; AmE

-"bO;rd-/

(n) a person

who has a position with less authority and power
than sb else in an organization

subsidized

/"sVbsIdaIzd/

(adj) partly paid for

with money given by an organization or by the
government

succession

/s@k"seSn/

(n) the act of taking over an

official position or title or the right to take over an
official position or title

superfluous

/su;"pE;flu@s

; AmE

-"pE;rf-/

(adj) more

than is needed or wanted

supportive

/s@"pO;tIv -"pO;rt-/

(adj) giving help,

encouragement, or sympathy to sb

surprisingly

/s@"praIzINli/

(adv) in a way that is

surprising

swapping

/"swQpIN

; AmE

"swA;p-/

(n) the

replacement of one thing with another

sweet tooth

/%swi;t "tu;T/

(n) a liking for food that

contains a lot of sugar

swipe card

/"swaIp kA;d

; AmE

-kA;rd/

(n) a special

plastic card with information recorded on it which
can be read by an electronic device

tactfully

/"t&ktfUli/

(adv) in a way that shows care

not to upset or annoy other people

take (sb) up on sth

/%teIk "Vp Qn/

(v) to accept an

offer from sb

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take (sb) on

/%teIk "Qn/

(v) to employ sb

take the biscuit

/%teIk D@ "bIskIt/

(idiom) to be

the most surprising, annoying, etc. thing that has
happened or that sb has done [BrE]

talent scout

/"t&l@nt skaUt/

(n) a person whose job is

to find people who are good at singing, acting, sport,
etc. in order to give them work

talk over sb

/%tO;k"@Uv@(r)/

(v) to talk when sb else is

talking, so they cannot be heard

target user

/%tA;gIt "ju;z@(r)

; AmE

%tA;rg-/

(n) the

type of customer that you want to use your product

teamworking

/"ti;mwE;kIN

; AmE

-wE;rk=-/

(n) the

activity of working well together as a team

tender

/"tend@(r)/

(n) a formal offer to supply goods

or do work at a stated price

think outside the box

/%TInk aUt%saId D@ "bQx/

(idiom)

to think in a new or different way in order to solve a
problem

think tank

/"TInk t&nk/

(n) a group of experts who

provide advice and ideas on political, social, or
business issues

time to market

/%taIm t@ "mA;kIt

; AmE

"mA;rk- / (n)

the amount of time from when a company starts

to develop a new product until the product goes

on sale

timescale

/"taImskeIl/

(n) the period of time that it

takes for sth to happen or be completed

toast

/t@Ust

; AmE

toUst/

(n) an act of raising your

glass and drinking in order to wish sth or sb success

track

/tr&k/

(v) to follow the movements of sb/sth

traffic report

/"tr&fIk rI%pO;t

; AmE

-"pO;rt/

(n) a report

of the number of people who visit a web page in a
particular period

transferral

/tr&ns"fE;r@l/

(n) the act of moving an

employee from one job, department, office, etc. to
another

trend

/trend/

(n) the general direction in which a

situation is changing or developing

turn up

/%tE;n "Vp

; AmE

%tE;rn-/

(v) (of a person) to

arrive

turning point

/"tE;nIN pOInt

; AmE

"tE;rn-/

(n) the time

when an important change takes place, usually with
the result that a situation improves

twist

/twIst/

(n) an unexpected change or

development in a situation

underestimate

/Vnd@r"estImeIt/

(v) to think or guess

that the amount, cost, or size of sth is smaller than it
really is

underline

/Vnd@"laIn

; AmE

Vnd@r-/

(v) to emphasize

that sth is important or true

understaffed

/Vnd@"stA;ft

; AmE

Vnd@r"st&ft /

(adj) not

having enough people working and therefore not
able to function well

understanding

/Vnd@"st&ndIN

; AmE

Vnd@r"-/

(adj)

showing sympathy for other people’s problems and
being willing to forgive them when they do sth wrong

undervalue

/Vnd@"v&lju;

; AmE

Vnd@r"-/

(v) to not

recognize how good, important, or valuable sb/sth
really is

unforeseen

/%VnfO;"si;n

; AmE

-fO;r-/

(adj) that you did

not expect to happen

up to sb

/"Vp t@/

(idiom) sb’s responsibility; for sb to

decide

upwards of

/"Vpw@dz @v

; AmE

-w@rdz-/

(prep) more

than the amount or number mentioned

urbanization

/%E;b@naI"zeISn

; AmE

%E;rb-/

(n) the

process of people moving to live and work in towns

variance report

/"ve@rI@ns rI%pO;t/

(n) a report on the

difference between the level of costs or income that
have been planned, and the actual costs or income

viable

/"vaI@bl/

(adj) that can be done; that will be

successful

virtually

/"vE;tSu@li

; AmE

"vE;rtS-/

(adv) in a way that

exists only on computer or uses computers as a
means of communication

waste disposal

/"weIst dIs%p@Uzl

; AmE

-%poUzl/

(n)

the act of getting rid of materials that are no longer
needed

waypoint

/"weIpOInt/

(n) a stage in a process where

progress can be measured

whereby

/%we@"baI

; AmE

%wer-/

(prep) [fml] by which;

because of which

with sb

/wID/

(idiom) able to understand what sb is

talking about

with this in mind

/wID %DIs In "maInd/

(idiom) thinking

of or considering a particular thing

workforce

/"wE;kfO;s

; AmE

"wE;rkfO;rs/

(n) all

the people who work for a particular company,
organization, etc.

work-life balance

/%wE;klaIf "b&l@ns

; AmE

%wE;rk-/

(n)

a situation in which a person manages to spend the
right amount of time at work and on their personal life

worryingly

/"wVriINli

; AmE

"wE;r-/

(adv) in a way that

makes you worry

zip code

/"zIpk@Ud

; AmE

-koUd/

(n) a group of letters

and/or numbers that are used as part of an address
so that post/mail can be separated into groups and
delivered more quickly [AmE]

zoom in

/%zu;m "In/

(v) to make an object appear

closer using a camera or computer screen

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