Crimes against the person
Abduction	The action of forcibly taking someone away against their will	Porwanie
Actual bodily harm	Minor injury, such as bruising, inflicted on a person by the deliberate action of another	Lekkie uszkodzenie ciała
Assault	An act that threatens physical harm to a person, whether or not actual harm is done	Napaść
Battery	The infliction of unlawful personal violence on another person, even where the contact does no physical harm	Pobicie
Blackmail	Demanding money from someone in return for not revealing compromising information which one has about them	Szantaż
Grievous Bodily harm	Serious physical injury inflicted on a person by the deliberate action of another	Ciężkie uszkodzenie ciała
Indecent assault	Sexual assault that does not involve rape	Czyn lubieżny
Infanticide	The crime of a mother killing her child within a year of birth	Dzieciobójstwo
Manslaughter	The crime of killing a human being without malice aforethought, or in circumstances not amounting to murder	Nieumyślne spowodowanie śmeirci
Murder	The unlawful premeditated killing of one human being by another	Mordesrstwo
Paedophilia	In law enforcement circles, the term paedophile is sometimes used in a broad manner to encompass a person who commits one or more sexually-based crimes that relate to legally underage victims	Pedofilia
Racial abuse	Denoting or relating to the division of the human species into races on grounds of physical characteristics	Prześladowanie na tle rasowym
Treason	The crime of betraying one’s country, especially by attempting to kill or overthrow the sovereign or government	Zdrada
Wounding	Causing physical or especially psychological injury	Okaleczenie
Crimes against property
Arson	The criminal act of deliberately setting fire to property	Podpalenie
Breaking and entering	The crime of entering a building by force so as to commit burglary	Kradzież z włamaniem
Burglary	Illegal entry of a building with intent to commit a crime, especially theft	Kradzież z włamaniem
Criminal damage	Destroying property belonging to other person without lawful excuse	Poważne szkody
Deception or fraud in order to obtain property, or just advantage	----	Oszustwo
Embezzlement	Theft or misappropriation of funds placed in one’s trust or belonging to one’s employer	Defraudacja
Handing stolen goods	It takes place after a theft or other dishonest acquisition is completed and may be committed by a fence or other person who helps the thief to realise the value of the stolen goods	Paserstwo
Money laundering	The concealment of the origins of illegally obtained money, typically by means of transfers involving foreign banks or legitimate businesses	Pranie brudnych pieniędzy
Piracy	The unauthorized use or reproduction of another’s work	Piractwo
Possessing something with intent to damage property	---	Noszenie czegoś z zamiarem dokonania przestępstwa
Robbery	The action of robbing a person or place	Kradzież (rabunek)
Theft	The action or crime of stealing	Kradzież
Public order offences
Aiding and abetting	Encourage or assist (someone) to do something wrong, in particular to commit a crime	Współudział
Criminal damage	Destroying property belonging to other person without lawful excuse	Poważne szkody
Deception or fraud in order to obtain property, or just advantage	----	Oszustwo
Misuse of drugs	Illegal or illicit drug taking or alcohol consumption which leads a person to experience social, psychological, physical or legal problems related to intoxication or regular excessive consumption and/or dependence	Nadużywanie/rozprowadzanie narkotyków
Money laundering	The concealment of the origins of illegally obtained money, typically by means of transfers involving foreign banks or legitimate businesses	Pranie brudnych pieniędzy
Obstruction of the police	A person obstructs a constable if he prevents him from carrying out his duties or makes it more difficult for him to do so	Utrudnianie pracy policji
Possessing weapons	Crime regarding the lawful or unlawful possession of a weapon by a citizen within an established society	Nielegalne posiadanie broni
Sedition	Conduct or speech inciting people to rebel against the authority of a state or monarch	Podburzanie
Terrorism	The unofficial or unauthorized use of violence and intimidation in the pursuit of political aims	Terroryzm
Road traffic offenses
Reckless driving	A mental state in which the driver displays a wanton disregard for the rules of the road; the driver often misjudges common driving procedures (more serious than careless driving)	Brawurowa jazda
Driving w/o license or insurance	---	Jazda bez prawa jazdy lub ubezpieczenia
Drunk driving	The crime of driving a vehicle with an excess of alcohol in the blood	Jazda pod wpływem
Sexual offences
Bigamy	The offence of marrying someone while already married to another person	Bigamia
Indecency	Indecent behaviour	Nieprzyzwoitość, obraza moralności
Indecent assault	Sexual assault that does not involve rape	Czyn lubieżny
Obscenity	An extremely offensive word or expression	Sprośność
Paedophilia	In law enforcement circles, the term paedophile is sometimes used in a broad manner to encompass a person who commits one or more sexually-based crimes that relate to legally underage victims	Pedofilia
Rape	The crime, typically committed by a man, of forcing another person to have sexual intercourse with the offender against their will	Gwałt
Political offences
Blackmail	The action, treated as a criminal offence, of demanding money from someone in return for not revealing compromising information which one has about them	Szantaż
Breach of the Official Secrets Act	Breaking the legislation that provides for the protection of state secrets and official information, mainly related to national security	Złamanie zasad zachowania tajemnic służbowych
Bribery	The giving or offering of a bribe	Przekupstwo
Committing a breach of the peace	A comprehensive term encompassing acts or conduct that seriously endanger or disturb public peace and order.	Zakłócanie porządku publicznego
Conspiracy	A secret plan by a group to do something unlawful or harmful	Spisek
Espionage	The practice of spying or of using spies, typically by governments to obtain political and military information	Szpiegostwo
Racial abuse	Denoting or relating to the division of the human species into races on grounds of physical characteristics	Prześladowanie na tle rasowym
Sedition	Conduct or speech inciting people to rebel against the authority of a state or monarch	Podburzanie
Terrorism	The unofficial or unauthorized use of violence and intimidation in the pursuit of political aims	Terroryzm
Treason	The crime of betraying one’s country, especially by attempting to kill or overthrow the sovereign or government	Zdrada
Unlawful assembly	A meeting of three or more people likely to cause a breach of the peace or to endanger the public
Offences against justice
Bribery	The giving or offering of a bribe	Przekupstwo
Conspiracy	A secret plan by a group to do something unlawful or harmful	Spisek
Contempt of court	The offence of being disobedient to or disrespectful of a court of law and its officers	Obraza sądu (lub niedostosowanie się do zakazu sądu)
Obstruction of the police	A person obstructs a constable if he prevents him from carrying out his duties or makes it more difficult for him to do so	Utrudnianie pracy policji
Perjury	The offence of wilfully telling an untruth or making a misrepresentation under oath	Krzywoprzysięstwo
Perverting the course of justice	A criminal offence in which a person prevents justice from being served on him/herself or on another party	Popełnienie przestępstwa przeciwko wymiarowi sprawiedliwości
Piracy	The unauthorized use or reproduction of another’s work	Piractwo
Possessing weapons	Crime regarding the lawful or unlawful possession of a weapon by a citizen within an established society	Nielegalne posiadanie broni
Sedition	Conduct or speech inciting people to rebel against the authority of a state or monarch	Podburzanie

Lawyers guideline
Examination-in-chief	The questioning of a witness by the party which has called that witness to give evidence, in support of the case being made	Przesłuchanie bezpośrednie
Leading questions	A question that prompts or encourages the answer wanted	Pytania naprowadzające
Cross-examination	Question (a witness called by the other party) in a court of law to challenge or extend testimony already given	Zadawanie pytań świadkowi strony przeciwnej (w sądzie) [krzyżowy ogień pytań]

Types of law
Criminal Law	The body of law that relates to crime. It regulates social conduct and proscribes whatever is threatening, harmful, or otherwise endangering to the property, health, safety, and moral welfare of people	Prawo karne
Civil Law	The body of laws of a state or nation dealing with the rights of private citizens	Prawo cywilne
Employment Law (but Labour Code)	Those areas of law which appertain to the relationship between employers and employees and between employers and trade unions (a codification of labor laws in legislative form)	Prawo pracy (Kodeks pracy)
Company Law	The field of law concerning companies and other business organizations. This includes corporations, partnerships and other associations which usually carry on some form of economic or charitable activity.	Prawo o spółkach
International Law	The set of rules generally regarded and accepted as binding in relations between states and between nations	Prawo międzynarodowe

Legal professions
Judge	A public officer appointed to decide cases in a law court	Sędzia
Prosecutor	A person, especially a public official, who institutes legal proceedings against someone	Prokurator, oskarżyciel publiczny
Attorney (at law)	A person, typically a lawyer, appointed to act for another in business or legal matters	Prokurator (adwokat) – również występuje jako pełnomocnik (US)
Lawyer	A person who practises or studies law, especially (in the UK) a solicitor or a barrister or (in the US) an attorney	Prawnik, adwokat
Barrister	A person called to the bar and entitled to practise as an advocate, particularly in the higher courts	Adwokat (GB)
Counsel	A barrister or other legal adviser conducting a case	Awokat, obrońca
Solicitor	A member of the legal profession qualified to deal with convincing, the drawing up of wills, and other legal matters. A solicitor may also instruct barristers and represent clients in some courts	Adwokat
Notary	A person authorized to perform certain legal formalities, especially to draw up or certify contracts, deeds, and other documents for use in other jurisdictions	Notariusz

Types of crime
Manslaughter	The crime of killing a human being without malice aforethought, or in circumstances not amounting to murder	Nieumyślne spowodowanie śmeirci
Murder	The unlawful premeditated killing of one human being by another	Mordesrstwo
Embezzlement	Theft or misappropriation of funds placed in one’s trust or belonging to one’s employer	Defraudacja
Battery	The infliction of unlawful personal violence on another person, even where the contact does no physical harm	Pobicie
Mugging	An act of attacking and robbing someone in a public place	Rozbój
Extortion	The practice of obtaining something, especially money, through force or threats	Wyłudzenie
Abduction	The action of forcibly taking someone away against their will	Porwanie
Intimidation	The action of intimidating someone, or the state of being intimidated	Zastraszanie
Incest	The crime of having sexual intercourse with a parent, child, sibling, or grandchild	Kazirodztwo
Joyriding	The action or practice of driving fast and dangerously in a stolen car for enjoyment	Jazda kradzionym samochodem
Inchoate offence	A crime of preparing for or seeking to commit another crime	Karalne przygotowanie do przestępstwa
Trafficking	The distribution of illegal weapons, drugs, people etc.	Handel nielegalny

Types of punishment
Prison sentence	Confinement in prison as a punishment imposed on a person who has been found guilty of a crime	Kara pozbawienia wolności
Suspended sentence	A legal term for a judge's delaying of a defendant's serving of a sentence after they have been found guilty, in order to allow the defendant to perform a period of probation	Wyrok w zawieszeniu
Probation	The release of an offender from detention, subject to a period of good behaviour under supervision	Nadzór kuratorski
Fine	Money paid usually to superior authority, usually governmental authority, as a punishment for a crime or other offence	Grzywna
Ticket	A summons issued to an offender (especially to someone who violates a traffic regulation)	Mandat
Capital punishment	The legally authorized killing of someone as punishment for a crime	Kara śmierci
Community service	Unpaid work, intended to be of social use, that an offender is required to do instead of going to prison	Praca na rzecz społeczności lokalnej
Tagging	To monitor the whereabouts of (an offender) by means of an electronic tag	Zakładanie przestępcy lokalizatora

Useful phrases
To be charged with a crime	A formal accusation made by a governmental authority asserting that somebody has committed a crime	Być oskarżonym o popełnienie przestępstwa
To be accused of a crime	the process of declaring one's belief in another's liability for that other's criminal action(s)	Być podejrzanym o popełnienie przestępstwa
Crime	An action or omission which constitutes an offence and is punishable by law	Przestępstwo
Offence	A breach of a law or rule; an illegal act	Wykroczenie
Defendant	An individual, company, or institution sued or accused in a court of law	Oskrażony
Claimant/plaintiff (Civil Law)	A person making a claim, especially in a lawsuit or for a state benefit (A person who brings a case against another in a court of law)	Występujący z roszczeniem / powód
Articles of apprenticeship	Under articles of apprenticeship, an employer is bound to train a trainee occupationally in the skills of a certain trade. In consideration thereof, the trainee is bound to provide labour to the employer	“przyuczenie” do zawodu
To serve a sentence	To enjoy ones time in prison	Odsiadywać wyrok
To be released on bail	The release of an arrested person as a guarantee of that person's appearance for trial.	Zwolnienie za kaucją
To cross-examine witnesses	Question (a witness called by the other party) in a court of law to challenge or extend testimony already given	Zadawanie pytań świadkowi strony przeciwnej (w sądzie) [krzyżowy ogień pytań]
Minors	A person under the age of full legal responsibility	Nieletni
To plead guilty/not guilty	Justly chargeable with a particular fault or error	Uznać winnym/niewinnym
To face charges	---	Usłyszeć zarzuty
Criminal liability	Responsibility for any illegal behaviour that causes harm or damage to someone or something	Odpowiedzialność karna
To be on parole	Early release of a prisoner who is then subject to continued monitoring as well as compliance with certain terms and conditions for a specified period	Zwolnienie warunkowe
Imprisonment	To put someone in prison or keep them as a prisoner	Uwięzienie
Prison	A place where criminals are kept as a punishment	Więzienie

Employment Law – Useful phrases
Industrial Tribunal	A type of law court that decides on disagreements between companies and their workers	Sąd Pracy
Severance pay	Pay and benefits an employee receives when he or she leaves employment at a company	Odprawa
Golden handshake	A usually large payment made to people when they leave their job, either when their employer has asked them to leave or when they are leaving at the end of their working life, as a reward for very long or good service in their job	Hojna odprawa (np. przed odejściem na emeryturę)
Fixed-term contract	The contractual relationship between an employee and an employer that lasts for a specified period	Umowa o pracę na czas określony
Fixed-job contract	A contract relating to completion of a specific, clearly defined task, as a result of which a certain product is created	Umowa o dzieło
Mandatory agreement	An agreement to perform certain work within a specified period as commissioned by the principal, in return for a fixed remuneration	Umowa zlecenie
2 weeks’ notice	A formal declaration of one’s intention to end an agreement, typically one concerning employment or tenancy, at a specified time	2-tygodniowe wypowiedzenie
Sickness pay	Paid by the employer to all employees who normally pay National Insurance contributions (NIC), often referred to as earning above the Lower Earnings Limit (LEL) if they are sick for a period longer than 4 consecutive days but less than 28 weeks	Chorobowe
Remuneration	Money paid for work or a service	Wynagrodzenie
Termination of the contract	The termination or cancellation of a contract signifies the process whereby an end is put to whatever remains to be performed thereunder	Wygaśnięcie umowy
Probationary service	A trial period during which your character and abilities are tested to see whether you are suitable for work or for membership	Umowa o pracę na okres próbny
Holiday entitlement	The number of days of paid holiday in a year that a worker is entitled to take	Wymiar urlopu
Letter of redundancy	A written document that formally states that an employee is laid off or fired	Wypowiedzenie
Health and Safety Regulations	Policies and protections put in place to ensure plant and factory worker protection from hazards that could cause injury	BHP
Be fired	Be dismissed from the job	Zostać zwolnionym z winy pracownika
Be made redundant	No longer in employment because there is no more work available	Zostać zwolnionym (np. Wygasa umowa)
Grievance procedures	The established series of steps to be taken in dealing with a grievance raised with an employer by an employee	Procedura rozpoznawania skarg
Breach of contract	The act of breaking the conditions of a contract	Złamanie warunków umowy
Trade unions	An association of employees formed to improve their incomes and working conditions by collective bargaining with the employer or employer organizations	Związki zawodowe
Job description	A detailed written account, agreed between management and worker, of all the duties and responsibilities which together make up a particular job	Zakres obowiązków