TeaatDownton

AfternoonTeaRecipesFromTheUnofficialGuideto

DowntonAbbey

ElizabethFellow

©2014HealthyWealthynWisePress

AllRightsReserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybe

reproducedinanyformorbyanymeans,includingscanning,photocopying,orotherwisewithout
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FirstPrinting,2014

PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica

TableofContents

Introduction

Preface

TheOriginsandHistoryofAfternoonTea:

OriginsandHistoryofHighTea

ChangeoftheRoleofAfternoonTeaAlongsidetheRoleofWomen

CreamTea,CelebrationTeaandRoyalTea

TheEdwardianKitchenandKitchenGarden

Seasonality

DowntonandHighclere

ThePerfectPotofTea

GradingofTea

HowtoMakeandServeTea

HowMuchTeatoUse?

WarmingofthePot

HowLongShoulditStand?

WhoPourstheTea?

AddingMilkandLemon

EtiquetteoftheTeacup

Theroleofthepinkie!

TheRecipes....fromtheBottomoftheCakeStand,Up!

Sandwiches

QueenAlexandra’sSandwich

LadyMary’sSmokedSalmonandDill

LadySybil’sCreamedChickenSandwich

Isobel’sCheeseSandwich

Martha’sColdDevilSandwich

Briathwait’sDevilledSalmonSandwich

MrsHughes’CheeseandEggSandwiches

SomeRepeatedDesignElements

Mayonnaise

BechamelSauce

Flavoredbutters

AnchovyPaste

FrenchDressing

MincedMeat

HowtoPoachaChicken

SconesandJams

BasicSconeRecipe

JamsandPreserves

LadyRose’sStrawberryPreserve

TheCountess’sLemonCurd

LadyEdith’sGooseberryJam

Cakes

HowtoMakeSweetShortCrustPastry(alsokn0wnasPâtéSucrée)

HowtoMakePuffPastry

Anna’sEggCustards

DrawingRoomFruitTartswithCrèmePâtissière

MrsPatmore’sYorkshireCurdTarts

Downton’sFinestLemonTarts

YorkshireAppleTart

MacClareChocolateTarts

DameNellieMelbaCustardSlice

DoughBuns

Jimmy’sFinestCrumpets

Molesley’sToastedTeaCakes

Rosamund’sChelseaBuns

Roughcakes

JosTufton’sFatRascals

Marigold’sRockCakes

CharlieGrigg’sEcclesCakes

Ethel’sCoconutMacaroons

Carson’sSundayAfternoonParkin

Barrow’sLemonBars

HisLordship’sBramBrack

MrBate’sTreacleTart

Conclusion

Definitions

Referencesandauthorities:

Disclaimer

Introduction

ComerainorshineinEdwardianEngland,everythingstoppedfortea.

ButwhatwouldourbelovedCrawleyhouseholdhaveeatenattheirsacred4
o’clockinstitution?

ThesearetherecipesofthegoldenageofEngland.Attheheightofthe

poweroftheBritishEmpire,MrsPatmorewouldhaveeverypossiblekindof
deliciousingredientstodrawfrom.

Sadlyovertimethetraditionofteahasdeclinedbutrecentlyithas

enjoyedaratherelaboraterenaissance.

Thisbooktakesyoustepbystepthroughhowtothrowtheperfecttea

party.Fromtheetiquettebehindhowtoholdone’steacupcorrectlytotherecipe
forthefavouritesandwichofQueenAlexandraofthetime.

Wowallofyourfriendswiththesesimpletofollowauthenticrecipes,

andbesureeventheDowagerDuchesswouldbeimpressedbyyoursocial
graces.

Fromthebottomtiersandwichestotheelegantcakesofthetoptier,we

coveritall.Notforgettingofcoursetheperfectsconerecipeandits
accompanyingjams.

FollowthewaysMrsPatmorewouldhaveplannedhermenustokeep

spendingtominimumandyoutoocanenjoyamostdelightfulrepastforjusta
fewshilling!

So,whatarewaitingwefor?Carsonhasopenedthedoortoletyou

inside.Let’sseewhat’sfortea....

Preface

Thisbookisarrangedintotwomainsections.Thefirstisthehistory

behindafternoontea.Howitcametobe.WhyitflourishedandhowEnglandhas
nearlylostoneofitsfinestinstitutions.Hopefullyyou,thereaderwilldoyour
bittoreviveit.

Wediscusshowtomaketheperfectcupoftea,andwhyinfactthe

Englishlovethebeveragequitesomuch.

Inthesecondpartofthebookaretherecipes.

Manyaretakenfromoriginalcookbooksofthetime,otherslikethe

ChelseaBunandEcclesCakehasstoodthetestoftimeandhavebeenpastfrom
mothertodaughter.

Followthetipsforetiquetteofwhichpartoftheteacupgoeswhereand

avoidthosedreadfulfauxpaswhichreallyonecanonlyexcuseTomBranson
frommaking.

Withoutfurtherado...It’stimefortea.

Elizabeth

Fellow

TheOriginsandHistoryofAfternoonTea:

TheafternoonteaisthequintessentialBritishtradition.Anypoliticalchanges

tobemadebymembersoftheDowntonhouseholdaremanoeuvredand
strategizedbythewomenatteatime.Unravellingtheirnapkinsonejustknows
therewillbesomethingofgreatimportancediscussed.Butjusthowdiditcome
tobe,thatinEngland“Everythingstopsfortea”?

Itsoriginsdatebacktothemid1840s.Itisthoughtweowethankstothe

DuchessofBedford,AnnaMarieRussell,alifelongfriendandLadyofthe
BedchambertoQueenVictoria.OnavisittotheDukeofRutlandinthe
beautifulBelvoirCastle(pronouncedBeaver)inLeicestershire,theduchess
foundshewastoohungrytowaituntildinnerintheeveningwhichwouldhave
beenservedatabout8pm.

Sheinstructedherladyinwaitingtobringhersomesandwichesandcake

whichsheateinherchamber.Findingittheperfectrepasttogetherthrough
frombreakfasttoevening,shebegantakingthisnewmealeachday.Realisingit
couldbequitejollytocollectnewsandchattersheinvitedotherladiestojoin
herinherownchamberatWoburnAbbey,ontheborderofBuckinghamshire
andBedfordshire.

Theduchesswasacelebratedsocialite,andwasfamousforherloveofgossip

whichgotherintotroubleonmorethanoneoccasion.VisitingLondon,shetook
herpenchantforteapartieswithher.Suddenlyeveryonewantedtodothesame.
LadiesacrossthelengthandbreadthofEnglandweretakingtea.Asitgainedin
favour,sodiditinrespectability.Partiescameoutofthebedchamberandwere
movedtothedrawingroom.

In1857,theDuchessdied.ThreeyearslaterQueenVictoriatragicallyalso

losttheloveofherlife,whenPrinceAlbertdied.Griefstricken,Victoria
mournedandherfriendswatchedonsadly.Astimepassed,shewasencouraged
tostartinvitingfriendstoteaasawaytodistractherfromhersorrowandmove
backintothepubliceye.AstheQueentooktea,sodidtherestofsocietyandthe
aristocracy.Nowratherthanthelongwaitfrombreakfasttodinnertime,alight
luncheonhadbeenaddedandtheobligatoryafternoontea.

OriginsandHistoryofHighTea

Laterwewilltalkalittlemoreaboutthebeveragetea.Buthere,itis

importanttoknowitwasanextremelyexpensivecommodity.Unabletoafford
thelavishtea,theservantsandworkingclasseswantedtheirownversiontokeep
themgoing.Inthelargehouses,whentheteapotshadbeendrainedupstairs,the
tealeaveswereusedagainbytheservants,thenwhenreusedweresoldonagain
atthebackdoor.

IntheMidlandsandNorthernEnglandthefactorieschokedoutblacksmogas

theIndustrialRevolutionwaswellunderway.Hungryworkerscamehomefrom
theirjobsandcoldmeatsandacupofteawereplacedonthetableforthemto
eat.At6pm,thismealbecameknownashightea.

Unlikethelowsofasintheelegantdrawingrooms,highteawaseatensitting

atthetable.Thename“High”camefromthechairsonwhichtheworking
classessat.YouwillsometimesseeafternoonteaalsocalledLowTeabutitis
notatermoftenused.

Later,HighTeawouldalsocometomeanasimplemealwhichthefamilyof

thehousecouldrustleupiftheservantswereaway;somethingsmall,fillingand
simple.

ChangeoftheRoleofAfternoonTeaAlongsidetheRoleofWomen

InsomewaysthelongevityoflifeinBritainwaslengthenedbytherisein

popularityfortea.Sincethewaterhadtobeboileditofferedasafedrinkto
quaff,takingtheplaceofthegallonsofalewhichweredrunkeachdayfrom
evenbreakfasttime.

InVictorianBritain,womenwereintendedtobemerelydecorativeas

opposedtouseful.Awell-bredwomanshouldbeseenandnotheard.Inthe
workingclasses,shopgirlshadtorenounceacareerinordertobecomeawife.
It’sworthrememberingwhilsttheroleofwomenhaschangedovertime,their
biologyhasnot.Femaleswereeverybitasbrightthenastheyarenow.Many
weresavvy,afewwereschemersandseveralwereastutepoliticians.Insome
waystheyknewhowto“work”theirmentotheirownendsbetterthanwedo
now.Afternoonteawasachanceforthewomentorallytheirowntroopsand
sendthembacktotheirhusbandstosetchangeinmotion.

Yetdespitethisnewfoundpowertherewasarumblingunderground.Fervour

forchangewasgatheringmomentum.In1897thesuffragemovementwas
formedandmiddleclasswomenbeganlobbyingparliamentforVotesfor
Women.

Thesewereeducatedwomen,withstrongmindsandforcefulideals.

Afternoonteawasthechangeperfectopportunityforthecontagionforchangeto
spread.Itwasaslowandpainstakingprocess.Thewindsofchangeblewalittle
strongeraswarbrokeoutin1914.Withmentakenfromtheworkforcetothe
frontlines,thecountryneededwomentobeemployedtokeepthecountry
turning.Between1914-18England’sworkforceaddedanotheronemillion
womentoitsnumber.

Insomewaysthechangewastemporary.Whenwarwasoverservicemen

returnedtotakebacktheirjobsandfemaleswereexpectedtoresumetotheir
more“natural”rolesaswivesandmothers.The1918Representationofthe
PeoplesActgaveover21’smentherighttovote,andtowomenalsooverthe
ageof30.

Forsomewomen,theneedtomoveforwardwasirresistible.Theyhadtasted

freedomandithadbeengood.Theynolongerwantedtheshacklesofthetrussed
upelegantfrocks,theirneedleworkandstrollsaroundthegarden.Theiractive

mindswerethirstyformorechancestoshine.

WatchthehemlinesofladiesEdithandMary’sdressesasahinttotheir

attitudestowork.Famouslyastheroaringtwentiestakehold,thekneelength
flapperdressesdeclaretotheworldthatwomennowwanttobecomeactive.

Soasgraduallythewomencomeoutofthehomeandintotheworkplace,it

becomesharderandharderfortheafternoonteatoholditsplaceintheday.
Thenjust21yearsaftertheWartoEndAllWarsended,Germanyinvaded
PolandandsuddenlythewomenofEnglandfoundthemselvesbusyagain.

Manywomen,thistimewereemployedontheland,ensuringthecountryhad

enoughfoodtosustainthemthroughthewareffort.Rationingtookhold.In1940
butterandsugarwererationed,in’41eggsweretoo.Twoouncesofbutter,8
ouncesofsugarandoneeggaweek(peradult)werescantpickingsforthe
creationofanafternoontea.Graduallytrendschangedtoonelargecakeandthe
traditionbegantopeteraway.

ThankstoprogramslikeDowntonAbbey,theoldsayingiscomingtrue.

Whatgoesaroundcomesaround.Theafternoonteaisenjoyingsomewhatofa
revival.It’sdowntopeoplelikeyouandmetoensurethatitgrowsinpopularity
andcanbecomeaninstitutiononcemore.

Onalastnote:youmayfinditinterestingtoknowQueenElizabethissaidto

stillenjoyasliceofcakeandabiscuiteachafternoonat5pm.IntheMidlands,
peoplestillcomehometoeattearatherthandinner,whichisreservedfor
parties.

CreamTea,CelebrationTeaandRoyalTea

Youmayalsoseetheseterms.Forthepurposesofclarity:

1. Acreamteaissconesservedwithlashingsofwhippedcreamand

jam.ThebestofthesearetobefoundinDevonandCornwallonthe
southcoast.Asanaside,oneshouldneveraddcreamtothebeverage,
tea;alwaysmilkorlemon.

2. Acelebrationteaisateapartywherethereisaspecialoccasioncake

servedtoo.Mostusuallythiscouldbeforabirthdayorengagement
party.

3. TheRoyalTeaissaidtohavebeenmanufacturedbytheRitz.It

beginswithChampagneandendswithsherry.

TheEdwardianKitchenandKitchenGarden

WhilstfilmedatHighclerecastlewhichisnotfarfromLondon,thefictional

DowntonAbbeyissetinthebeautifulrollingdalesofYorkshire.Inthefreshair,
finecattleroamthefieldsandwonderfulcropsgrowaplenty.

MrsPatmoreandDaisycreatedculinarymasterpiecesfromfinecropsand

wonderfulmeats.Inadditiontothis,theEnglishkitchenhadthespoilsof
foodstuffsfromaroundtheworld.Attheheightofitspowerin1922theBritish
Empireheldswayover458millionpeople,whichwasthenonefifthofthe
planet’spopulation.

CoincidentallyitwasinthatveryyearthatLordCarnarvon,(thethen-time

residentofthetrueHighclere)discoveredthetombofTutankhamen.The
ingredientsofthedishesofthetimeofpaidtestamenttothesewell-travelled
influencesandfascinations.

Despiteallofthishowever,theeveningdinnerswouldbepredominately

Frenchinspired,(duetothemagicMarcAntoineCarėmehadcreatedinthe
kitchensofGeorgeIVattheturnofthe19

th

century).Afternoonteahowever,

remainedindisputablyBritish.Downstairsmealswerelessfancy.Thefareofthe
staffwouldbethelikesofstewsandhotpots(aLancashiredish).

Seasonality

InahouseofthesizeofDownton,thecookwouldlikelybethebestpaidof

thehouseholdstaff,followedbytheButler.AsMrsPatmoreisfemalehowever,
weshouldsuspectshewouldhavebeenpaidaround£10(around$5,000dollars
intoday’smoney)lessayearthananymaleequivalenttheremayhavebeen.

Requiredtofeednotonlythefamilybutthestafftoo,sheandDaisywould

preparefoodforaround30peopleeachday.Inadditiontothecooking,she
wouldhavetosourceproducewhichwouldkeepthefoodbilllow.

HousessuchasDowntonenjoyedstunningkitchengardensladenwithall

mannerofdeliciousvegetables,herbsandfruits.Exploitingtheseasonalgluts
notonlyhelpedthepursestringsbutimprovedtheflavouroftheculinary
creationstoo.

Theywouldhaveenjoyedawidevarietyofgame,especiallyduringthe

shootingseasons(Aug12

th

toDec10

th

)andriverfishsuchastroutandsalmon.

Aseverygoodcookknows,togettheverybestmonetaryvalueinakitchen,

onemustuseingredientscleverly.Sandwichesforinstancearealwaysmade
frommincedcoldmeats;potentiallythesewerealeftoverbonusfromanother
richermeal.Ondayswherethefamilyenjoyedmeringuesatdinner,downstairs
mayhaveenjoyedtreacletartusingtheleftoveryolks.

Onefinalpointtoconsiderismealswereservedinthekitchenandthenfull

platesweretakentothediningroom.Thismeantofcourse,ifMrsP.wantedto
squirrelawayhalfachickenfortomorrow’ssandwiches,thiswasentirelyunder
hercontrol.

DowntonandHighclere

OfallthecountiesinEngland,Yorkshirepossiblyhastherichesttraditionof

cakes.Parkin,BramBrackandofcoursetheirfamousYorkshirepuddings
(originallyeatenwithJamratherthanroastbeef)havebecometimelessclassics.

ThePerfectPotofTea

TeahadinitiallyfounditswaytoEnglandinthemid1600s,andwastouted

inthecoffeehousesofthetime.Theseweredensofgreatthinking,political
debateandanarchy.In1660twoouncesofteewerepresentedtoKingCharlesII
atcourtandhisPortuguesewife,CatherineofBraganza,tooktodrinkingteain
court.

Thebeveragewasanimmediatehit.

OriginallygrowninChina,aroundthetimeofAnnaofBedford’sfirst

sandwich,smalltreedraftsweresecretedawayfromChinaandovertoIndia.
MainlyduetotheeffortsoftheEastIndiaTeaCompanythisiswheremostof
thetealeavesofthetimewouldhavecomefrom.

Thedispersalofteawasgreatlyhelpedbythegrowthoftherailwaysofthe

time,butdemandfaroutstrippedsupplywhichmeantanounceoftealeaveswas
anextremelyexpensivecommodity.Bytheturnofthetwentiethcentury,the
pricewarwasjustbeginningtolevelandtheCrawleyhouseholdwouldhavefelt
thepricebeginningtoplummetfast.

Whilstthetraditionofafternoonteahasdeclined,teadrinkingisverymuch

aliveandwellinBritainwiththeestimationthattheaveragepersonwillget
through1.9kg(justover4lbs)ofteaayear.

GradingofTea

Apartfromthewealthofdifferentteasavailable(AnEdwardianteawould

alwayshavehadblacktea)theleavesarealsoclassifiedaccordingtothegrade
ofthetea.ForthosenotfamiliarteaisthedriedleavesoftheCamelliasinensis
bush.

ThefinestofallteasistheOrangePekoe.Ratherthanbeingatypeoftea,

thistellsusonlythetopyoungestbudshavebeentakenalongwithoneor
perhapstwooftheyoungleaves.Theseleavesarerolledintolittleballsand
makeafullbodiedyetlighttea.YouwillseethislabelledasOP.

BOPreferstoBrokenOrangePekoe,thesecondgrade.Thishasbeen

processedtoputtheteaintobags(asinpackagingnotteabags!)Astheleaves
arebroken,thereisofcoursebreakageanddust…thisisthelowestgradecalled
FanningsorDust.

FortheDowagerDuchessofcourse,therewouldonlyhavebeenOrange

Pekoe.

HowtoMakeandServeTea

Mygrandmotherwouldtellyouthebestteaismadeinachinateapotwhere

therehasbeensomeaccumulationoftanninontheinsideovertime!At
DowntonAbbeyhoweveracleanwarmedbonechinaorsilverteapotwereused.
Watermustbebroughttoarollingboilandthenquicklyaddedtotheleavesin
thepot.Thetasteofagoodcupofteareliesontherebeingplentyofoxygenin
thewater;boilitfortoolongandtheoxygenevaporatesoff.

HowMuchTeatoUse?

Aroundthistime,intheStates,teabagswerestartingtobeusedaftersilken

pouchesofteaweremistakenlyplacedintoteabagsin1908.Certainlybythe
‘20s,thiswasstandardAmericanwaytomaketea.Suggestingsuchathingin
Yorkshirewould,Isuspect,haveguaranteedyouwouldbeneverinvitedfortea
again.

Forauthenticityplease….anAfternoonTeamustbemadewithlooseleaves.

Oneteaspoonofteaperpersonandoneforthepot!

WarmingofthePot

YoumayhaveseenVioletusingthemostmagnificenttiltingkettletoadd

watertotheteapot,onlytothrowitaway.Heresheiswarmingthepot.Sincethe
keytotheinfusionoftheleavesistheybecomeverywarm,thisquickrinse
roundraisesthetemperaturesothechillofthechinadoesnotleachtheprecious
heatfromthewater.

HowLongShoulditStand?

Leavetheteatosteepfor3-4minutesandthengivethepotastir.Replacethe

lidsecurely.

WhoPourstheTea?

Traditionallythepotwouldhavebeenplaced,bytheteaboy,infrontofthe

hostessinorderthatshecouldservetoherguests.Ifhoweversomething
occurredtostopthishappening,thenthepersonclosesttothepotshouldofferto
takeover.Thetraditionalwaytodothisistoaskthequestion“ShallIbe
mother?Onewouldsupposethough,thismaybeathrowbacktohightearather
thanafternoontea.

Alwaysserveclockwisearoundthetable.Pourtheteathroughastrainerto

catchtheleaves.(ThoseofyouwhohaveabitoftheGypsyRoseLeeinyou
maychooseignorethisstepanddoalittlefortunetelling.Whilstthatisawhole
differentbook,IfeelsuretheDuchesswouldneverhaveheldtruckwith“such
utternonsense”.

AddingMilkandLemon

Historicallyonehadaddedmilkfirstinordertoprotecttheglazeofthe

preciouscups.Therefore,addingitaftertheteawasasignofgreatstatus,one
couldaffordtoputthetasteoftheteaoverthecup.

Actuallyithasbeenscientificallyproventeaaddedtomilktastesdifferentto

milkaddedtotea(theheatingofthemilkdenatureslactalbuminand
lactoglobulinapparently).Itiscorrecttoaddmilktoalreadypouredtea.

Ifhoweveroneprefersafreshersharperbrew,thenasliceoflemoncanbe

addedinstead.ThisisparticularlyniceifyouchoosetoserveEarlGrey.Donot
betemptedtoaddboth,sincethecitruswillcurdleyourmilk.

EtiquetteoftheTeacup

Areyouready?

Whenteaisservedatthetable,oneshouldleavethesauceronthetableand

liftthecupalone.Whenstandingorsittingonalowchair,liftboth.Theyshould
neverbestretchedmorethan12inchesapart.Whensitting,cradlethecupand
saucerinthelapandneverwavearoundyourcupwhenspeaking.

Theteaspoonandhandleofthecupshouldalwaysberestedatthepositionof

4o’clock.

Whenstirringinmilkandsugar,gentlymovethefluidinafigureof8taking

carenottoletthespoonclinkthechina.

TheRoleofthePinkie!

Whenholdingyourteacup,itshouldrestontheringfingerwhichalongwiththe
littlefingershouldbecurledinwards.ThisdatesbacktoRomantimes,whenthe
elitewouldeatwiththreefingerswhilsthoodlumsshovelledinfoodwiththeir
entirehand.

TheRecipes....fromtheBottomoftheCakeStand,Up!

Sowithoutfurtheradolet’sstartthinkingaboutcreationstodelightthepalate.

PleasebearinmindtheoriginsofAfternoonTeawerefillinganappetitegap.
Teaisdesignedtoavoidthebloodsugardip,nothaveyoubouncingoffthe
ceilingfromtoomuchsugar.Althoughitcanbetemptingtoladenplateswith
cakes,makeitgentileandelegant,notcomainducing!

Whenconsideringwhattomakehereisatip:rememberMrsPatmorewould

makeuseofwhatshehad.Trytooverlapyourrecipestogetthemostforyour
money.Also,shewouldhavestoredthingslikepastryonthecoolstepsofher
lardersoshedidnothavetokeeprepeatingthesamerecipesoverandover
again.Pastryfreezeswell,makemorethanyouneedandputhalfinthefreezer
tomakeanotherbatchlater.

Whilstnowadaystinycircularcakesadornthetoptier,don’tmakeextrawork

foryourself.Traybakesworkwelltobecutintobitesizepiecesorifyouwant
tobereallyclevercutoutcirclesfromthemusingacookiecutter.

Whenjudgingsize,considerthis.Everythingonyourcakestandshouldbe

eateninonlytwobites.

Arrangementofthedelicaciesshouldbe:

1.

Toptier:cakes

2.

Middletier:scones

3.

Bottomtier:sandwiches

Sandwiches

Manyhotelswhichserveteawillusetriangularcutsofbread.TheEdwardian

sandwicheswererectangularfingers.Crustswerealwayscutoffandthe
ingredientsarenotdesignedtobesubtle.Oftentheymadegooduseof
chutney’s,herbs,andspicestoensureaflavourexplosioninthemouth.

Thesandwichwasalreadyverypopularbythetimeafternoonteawasthought

of.Legendhasitthe4

th

EarlofSandwichorderedhisvalettobringhimsome

meatbetweentwoslicesofbreadatthegamingtableinthe18

th

Century.“I’ll

havethesameasSandwich”washeardtofollow.Itseemslikelythough,this
wastobethebeginningofthenameratherthanthediscoveryofthemighty
dish!

ThebreadofEdwardiansandwicheswouldalwayshavebeenthinslicesfrom

aPullmanLoaf,asquaresidedwhitetinloaf.Brownbreadsandwichesarenot
reallyauthentictotheperiod.

Forthemostsuccessat“thelook”,createyourwholesandwichesandstack

them.Then,managingthepiles,sliceawaythecrustsandcutthesandwiches
into4fingers.Gatheringupeachstack,laythemdownonyourstand.This
shouldensureperfectlymeasuredblocksoffood,neatandverypretty.

Therecipeswhichfollowaremoreunusualones,ofcoursehamandcheese

wereserved;,especiallydownstairs…thisisjustaglimpseofsomemore
spectacularefforts.Manyoftheseareadaptedfromthe1925cookerybibleby
C.FLeyel:“TheGentleArtofCookery”.

Historically,tokeepthesandwichescooluntilrequired,thecookwouldtake

anapkinsoakedandsqueezedofcoldwaterandlayitover.

Pleasenote:allsandwichrecipesaretomake4servings.

QueenAlexandra’sSandwich

AlexandraofDenmarkwasmarriedtoEdwardVII.Shewasthelongestever
holderofthetitlePrincessofWalesandonthedeathofhermother-in-law
QueenVictoriain1901becameEmpressofIndiaandwifetotheKingof
England.

ThiswasthequintessentialsandwichofEdwardiansociety.

Fortheflavouredbutter:5ozbutter½tbslemonjuice1tbsmildFrench
mustardFortheChickenMayonnaise:4oz

minced

,

poachedchicken

3tbs

mayonnaise

SprinkleofhotsauceorTabascoAlso:8slicesofbread4slicesofcooked
tongueSprinkleofmustardcressorwatercress.

FirstCombineingredientsforchickenmayonnaiseandsetaside.

Then

makeyourbutter

,andcoat4oftheslicesofbread.

Layoverthetongue,thenathinlayerofchickenmayonnaise,somecressand
thentopwiththeothersliceofbread.

LadyMary’sSmokedSalmonandDill

Forthebutter:

2½oz(65g)butter1heapedtspfreshdillSqueezeoflemonjuiceAlso:

8slicesofbread

4-8slicesofsmokedsalmon(dependsonsizeofpieces)¼cucumber(thinly
slicedandpeeled)

Makeyourbutter

.Spreadontothebread.Addsalmonand

cucumberandthenaddthetopsliceofbread.

LadySybil’sCreamedChickenSandwich

8oz(225g)minced,poachedchicken8oz(225g)celery8oz(225g)very

thick

béchamelsauce

½gratedonion2beateneggwhites8slicesofbreadSautétheceleryuntilitis
softenedandtranslucentandaddthegratedonion.Whensoftenedaddthe
chickenandthickenedsauce.

Whiptheeggwhitestostiffpeaksandthencombinealso.

Addthemixtoa

bainmarie

andheatbutdonotallowittocometotheboil.(As

anindicatorforhealthreasonsthechickenneedstoreach79degrees(174
Farenheit)tobesafetoeatwhenallowedcoolagain–soyouarelookingfora
hintofabubblerisinginthesauce).

Pourtheblendintoamould.Letitcoolandsetsolid.

Turnoutandslicetouseonyoursandwiches.

Isobel’sCheeseSandwich

2eggs

2oz(60g)gratedparmesancheese

AnchovyPaste

8slicesofbread

Beattheeggsandaddthecheese.Cookuntilthickenedandleavetocool.

Spreadoverthebreadwithanchovypaste.Addthecheesemix.

Martha’sColdDevilSandwich

8oz(225g)mincedpoachedchicken

8oz(225g)celery,finelychopped

3oz(85g)tartarsauce

8slicesofbread

Mixtogetherandthencreate!

Briathwait’sDevilledSalmonSandwich

4oz(125g)Tinsalmon

2oz(60g)ButterCoupleofshakesofWorcestersauce¼Cucumber

Frenchdressing

8slicesofbread

PoundthesalmonandbuttertogetherandseasonwithWorcestersauce,saltand
pepper.

DipthecucumberinFrenchdressing.

Spreadbetweenthebread.

MrsHughes’CheeseandEggSandwiches

6oz(140g)gratedcheddar

1hard-boiledegg

1ozbutter

1tbsFrenchmustard

8slicesofbread

Blendtheeggyolkwiththebutter.Addinthemustard.Addthecheeseand
spreadbetweenthebreadslices.

SomeRepeatedDesignElements

Foreasethissectioncoverssomeofthemorerepetitiveelementswhichappear
intherecipes.Feelfreetoskipstraighttothenextsectionwherewediscover
howtomaketheperfect

SconesandJam.

Mayonnaise

Forauthenticityyoushouldattempttocreaterealmayonnaise.Thetasteisso
muchsuperiortoo.Itisincrediblyeasytomake.Daisyusedahandwhiskbut
puttingthefoodprocessoronthelowestsettingthengentlydrizzlingtheoilinto
thespoutiseasierandfarlessstress.Forthosewhoarenotpurists…headforthe
supermarket.

Don’tforgetuseupyourleftovereggwhitesforvirtuallyfreemacaroons.

2eggyolks

1heapedteaspoonDijonmustard17floz(500ml)oliveoil1-2tbswhitewine
vinegar½lemon

seasalt

Whiskyoureggyolks.Slowlyaddtheoilwhilstcontinuingtowhisk.Stopwhen
youhaveaddedhalfandaddhalfthevinegartoslackenthemix.Carryonagain
untilalltheoilisblendedinandthenseasonwiththerestofthevinegar,lemon
andsalt.

Storeinasterilizedjarforuptoaweek

BechamelSauce

Thisisagoodexampleofusingleftoversfortomorrow’sTea.Thisrecipewill
makeenoughforyoutoserveataneveningmealormakealasagne.Keepsome
backtoaddthemostsumptuousdimensiontoyoursandwiches.

15floz(425ml)chickenstock10floz(280ml)milk2ozbutter1ozflour6
peppercorns1carrot1onionParsleyandhalfabayleafSaltandpepperTake
thestock,milk,carrot,onions,herbandseasoningandheattogether.Bringtothe
boilandleavetosimmerfor20minutes.Removefromtheheatandstrain
throughasieveretainingthemilkmix.

Nowheattogetherthebutterandflourandthoroughlycombined,littlebylittle
addthemilkmix.Ensureateachstakethemilkisentirelyabsorbedandthe
butterandflourrouxreturnstoasmoothpaste.Stirwelluntilallthemilkis
addedandthesaucethickens.Addsaltandpeppertoseason.

Flavoredbutters

Muchoftheflavouringofthesandwichesisbuiltintothebutter.Unlessdirected
chooseunsaltedbutter(margarinewasinkitchensbythenbutbuttertastesso
muchbetter!)andallowittosoftentoroomtemperaturebeforetryingtoworkit.
Mixinyouringredientsandthenreplacetotherefrigeratortochillandletthe
flavourspermeate.

Whenitistimetomakethesandwiches,allowittosoftenagainforeaseof
spreading.

AnchovyPaste

Afavouriteofthetime,anchovypastewasoftenusedasasandwichalternative
tobutter.Itisalsodeliciousontoast.

3oz(75g)saltedanchovyfillets

3½oz(100g)butterAlargepincheachofgratednutmeg,groundgingerand
groundcinnamonAcoupleofshakesofTabasco

Mashtogetherwell,orwizupinthefoodprocessor.

FrenchDressing

1tbspwhitewinevinegar

Salt&peppertotaste

1tspdijonmustard

3tbspoliveoil

1crushedgarlicclove

Youwillneedajarwithalidtomix.Shakevigorously!Thisrecipekeepsforup
toweekifstoredinthefridge.

MincedMeat

Themeatusedintherecipesisusuallycoldbroiled(poached)meatwhichhas
beenminced.Daisy’sarmwouldhavebeenwellemployedturningthehandle
forhoursbutforeasefeelfreetoshredthechickenorputitintothefood
processor.Whilstyouwillnotgetthelongsausageshapesshewouldhave
achieved,settingthemachineonto“pulse”givesafairlygoodcomparison.

HowtoPoachaChicken

Eventodaythisisthetastiestandmosteconomicalwaytomakeyourbirdfeed
thefamily.Itensuredeverylastscrapofthemeatfallsawayfromtheboneand
alsomakesadeliciousbi-productofchickenstockforgraviesandsoups.

Placeyourbirdintoyourlargestcookingpot.Addincelery,carrots,onion,bay
leafandpeppercorns,andfillwithenoughwatertocover.

Bringtotheboilandthenleavetosimmerforanhourand20minutes.

Servehotorsetasidetocoolinordertominceforsandwiches.

SconesandJams

BasicSconeRecipe

Theperfectbasicsconebelowcanbeadaptedaddingdriedfruitandspices.If
addingsultanas,soakthemincoldteatoplumpupandavoidburningduring
baking.Aswithallbaking,theweatherwillaffecthowmuchfluidyourflour
willtakeup.Additlittlebylittletoensureyoumakedry,easilyworkable
dough.

8oz(225g)self-risingflour

Pinchofsalt

2oz(55g)butter

1oz(25g)caster(superfine)sugar

5floz(150ml)milk

1free-rangeegg,beaten,toglaze(alternativelyusealittlemilk)

Preheatovento220degreesofgasmark7

Rubtogetherthebutterandflour,stirinthesugarandsalt.Combinetogether
withthemilkandgentlypatintodoughwithyourhands.Shapeintoadiscof
around1inchthick.

Lightlygreaseabakingtry.Useacuttertocutoutshapesandthenglazewith
themilkoregg.

Bakefor12-15minutesuntillightlygoldenbrown.

Removefromtheovenandplaceonacoolingrack.Toachievethatlovelysoft
toppedscone,coverwithadampteatowelduringcooling.Foracrunchier
scone,omitthisstep.

JamsandPreserves

Tomakeareallygreatjamitisimportanttoensurethesugarsyrupcooks

longenoughandhotenoughforthejamtosethard.Thisofcoursebrings
dangersofscalds,beveryawareandmindfulofsplashes.

Forthoseluckyenoughtohaveasugarthermometerweareaimingforis

104/220degrees.Fortherestofusthesettingpointcanbecheckedbyplacinga
smallplateinthefreezer.Whenyourjamhasboiledforaround15minutes,
spoonasmallamountontoyourchilledplate.Whenitreachestheright
consistencyyouwillbeabletopushitwithyourfingeranditwillformaskin.If
thisdoesnothappen,giveitafewminuteslonger.

Yourpancanalsoinfluencehowwellyourjamsets.Thewiderthetopthe

moresurfaceareaisforevaporation,thebetterthejam.

Tostorethejamitneedstogointosterilizedjarstoavoidmouldsforming.

Addinghotjamtocoldglasswillcauseittoshatter,soitmakessensetohave
thejarsdryingasyoumakethejam.Washthoroughlyinhotsoapywaterand
rinse.Placeupsidedownintoamoderateovenfor5minutestodrywithout
contaminants.Lidsshouldbeboiledfor5minutes.Removefromtheovenwith
ovenmitts.

LadyRose’sStrawberryPreserve
TheeasiestjameverinventedandIpromiseyouwillneverbuyapotfromthe
shopagain!

2lb(900g)slightlyunder-ripestrawberries1½lb(700g)sugarJuice1large
lemon½oz(10g)butterPlaceyourstrawberriesandsugarintoyourpreserving
panandleaveovernight.Thesugarwillleachoutallofthejuicebymorning.I
liketoleaveminefor24hours.

Chillyourplatesandsterilizeyourjars

.

Turnontoamoderateheatandallowthesugarcrystalstodissolve.Whenyou
canseenomorecrystalsturnuptoaveryhighheat,addthejuiceofthelemon
(mindtheseeds!)andletthemixtureboilhardforexactly8minutes.

Dotheplatetest.

Ifyouarehappyithasset,turnofftheheatandallowittocoolinthepanfor15
minutes.(Ifyoupotitfasterallthestrawberriesfalltothebottomofthejar.)
Leavetocoolfullybeforeaddingjarlids.Processfor5minutesinawaterbath.

TheCountess’sLemonCurd

Makes1large9ozjarofcurd4unwaxedlemons,zestandjuice7oz(200g)
sugar

3½oz(100g)unsaltedbutter,cutintocubes3free-rangeeggs,plus1free-range
eggyolk

Sterilizeyourjars

Addthelemonzest,juice,butterandsugartoa

bainmarie

.Heatoverthe

water,butdonotallowthemixturetotouchthewater.Stirtohelpthebutterand
sugartomeltproperly.

Lightlywhisktheeggsandyolkthenwhiskthemthoroughlyintothemixture.

Astheeggscookthemixturethickens.Whenitiscompletelycookedthrough,
youwillbeabletocoatthebackofaspoonandthendrawaclearlinethrough
withyourfinger.

Addtothejarsandcoolthoroughlybeforeputtingonthelid.Thiswillkeep

forupto3monthsifkeptinthefridge.

LadyEdith’sGooseberryJam

2lb4oz(1kg)gooseberries,topandtailed2lb4oz(1kg)sugar

5floz(150ml)water

Coolyourplatesandsterilizeyourjars.

Addtheingredientstoalargepanandbringtoboil,reducetheheatandletthe
fruitcookuntilsoftened.

Whentheyhavegoneslightlymushy,raisethetemperatureandbringthejamto
araisingboil.

Boilfastfor8minutes.Removefromtheheatandperformaplatetest.Ifnot
quitecookedreturntotheheat,otherwiseskimoffanyscumwithasmallknob
ofbutter.Leavetocoolfor15minutesbeforeputtingintojars.Coolcompletely
beforeputtingonlids.Processfor10minutesinawaterbath.

Cakes

HowtoMakeSweetShortCrustPastry(alsokn0wnasPâtéSucrée)

Thepastriesweretheprettiestpartofthetea.DaisyorIvywouldmostlikely

havemadethepastryandmouldedthemintotinswhilstMrsPatmorewas
involvedincreatingthetastyfillings.Ifyouplantomakemorethanonesetof
pastriesdoubletheamountofpastryyoumakeandstoresomeforlater.

Thereistruthinthesayingcoldhandsmakethebestpastry.Theaimisto

workitaslittleasyoucanandtrytoretainsomeverythinpiecesofbutterinthe
mix.Thisiswhatgivesadeliciousbutterycrunchtothefinishedtart.Always
runyourwristsunderacoldtapsforafewmomentstocoolthebloodrunningto
yourhandsandbringdownyourhandlingtemperature.Usemilkwhichhasbeen
cooledinthefridge.

Daisydidnothavethebenefitofclingfilmbutitisanaddedadvantageto

placeyourdoughbetweentwopiecesandthenafterchillingforhalfanhour,roll
itoutbetweenthefilms.Youwillfinditfareasiertomoveandmanagethanher
oldwayofliftingontherollingpin.

8oz(225g)plainflour4oz(110g)butter3oz(80g)sugar1largeeggRubthe
butterintotheflourusingfingertipsonly.Mixinthesugarandbindtogether
withthebeatenegg.Ifthepastryisalittledry,sprinkleinafewdropsofcold
milk.

Chillfor30minutesbeforeusing.

Manyrecipessay“bakeblind”whichmeansthepastryneedstobebaked

beforethefillingsareadded.

Todothisfirstturnyourtinoverandshapesomebakingparchmenttoitto

giveaguidelineastohowmuchitwilltaketolineit.

Turnthetinbackover,greaseandmouldthepastrytoit.Lightlyprickthe

surfacewithaforktoallowanysteamtoescapeandmakethebasecrisp.Putthe
piecesofmouldedbakingparchmentoverthepastryandweightitdownwith
bakingbeansordriedmarrowfatpeas.

Putintotheoventolightlybake.

HowtoMakePuffPastry

9oz(250g)plainflour

9oz(250g)unsaltedbutter

4½floz(125ml)ice-coldwaterStartbypreparingthebutter.Layitbetween
twosheetsofbakingparchmentandbatterittoasthinasheetasyoucan.

Thencutupthebutterintotinypiecesandrubitintotheflour.

Bringtogetherintoadrydoughwiththewater.

Wrapinclingfilmandchillinthefridgefor15minutes

Takeoutthepastryandrolloutintoarectangleofabout8insby6insTakeup
theedgesandfoldthepastryintothree,sothelayerssitontopofeachother.A
littlelikeanenvelope.

Turnit90degreesandrepeattherollingandfolding.

Turnitafurthertimeandrepeatagain.

Clingfilmandreturntothefridgeforafurther30minutes.

Repeattherollingandfoldingprocessonelasttimeandreturntothefridgeto
chillforafinal30minutes.

Anna’sEggCustards

Useonemixof

Pâtésucrée

Forthecustardfilling:

1¼pint(700ml)full-fat(whole)milk

7free-rangeeggyolks

3½oz(90g)sugar

freshlygroundnutmegPreheattheovento200C/400FGasMark6

Lightlygreasea12—holemuffintin.

Rolloutyourpastryandcutintoroundswithan11cm/4inchcutter.Place

oneineachoftheholesofthetin,mouldingthemtoshape.

Warmthemilkbutdonotallowittoboil.Inanotherlargebowlwhisk

togethertheeggyolksandthesugar.

Pourthenearboilingmilkontotheeggmixture,stirwellandreturnittothe

panandboilgently.Stircontinuouslyuntilthecustardiscookedandcoatsthe
backofthespoon.

Pourthecustardintothepastrycases.

Grateoverwithnutmeg.

Bakeintheovenfor15minutesthenturntheovendownto180andbakefor

afurther10.

Aimforaslightdometothetarts,butnottoolargeasthissignifiesover

cooking.Ifthisdoeshappenyourcustardwillsinkinthemiddle.Torescuethis
letthetincoolforafewminutesinatrayofcoolwater.

Allowthetartstocoolforaround30minutesbeforegentlyliftingfromthe

tin.

DrawingRoomFruitTartswithCrèmePâtissière

Use1½mixof

Pâtésucrée

Forcrèmepâtissière:18floz(500ml)fullfat(whole)milk2vanillapods,seeds
removedandpodsretained6free-rangeeggs,yolksonly4½oz(120g)caster
sugar2oz(50g)plainflourToppings:Aselectionofberries,blackberries,
strawberriesraspberriesetc4ozApricotjamtoglazeYouwillneed12small
pastrytinswithdetachablebases.

Preheattheovento190C/350F/Gas5.

Sincethepastrywillneedtobebakedblindmakeparchmentpapersfor12
moulds.Greasethetinswell.

Rolloutyourchilledpastryto2-3mmthickness.Linethecaseswithpastry,and
coverwithbakingpaperandbeans.

Resttheseinthefridgefor30minutestoallowthepastrytofirmup.

Bakethemblind

for15minutes,removefromtheoven.Painteachcasewith

beateneggandreturntobakeforafurther8minutes.

Leavetocoolfor15minutes,trimofftheexcesspastry,liftoutontoacooling
rack.

Nextmakethecrèmepâtissière:Placetheeggs,sugarandflourinalarge
mixingbowlandwhiskuntilthecoloraltersandbecomesapalebuttercup
yellow.

Graduallyaddthewarmmilkandvanillaontotheeggmixture,stirwell.Return
themixturetothepan.

Cookonalowheatuntilitthemixturethickens,thenpourintoacleanbowl.
Placeacircleofgreaseproofpaperonthemixturethiswillstopaskinforming
onthesurface.

Oncethecrèmeiscold,spoonitintothepastrycasesandtopwiththefruit.

Togivethemalustroussheen,melttheapricotjamwith2tbswaterandpaint

overthetarts.

Leavetoset.

MrsPatmore’sYorkshireCurdTarts

RememberLittleMissMuffett,eatinghercurdsandwhey?Thisrecipedoes
exactlythat,bringingaveryoldfashionedtastetothetable.MrsPatmorewould
haveleftthecurdsdrainingthroughmuslinovernightthensettomakingthetarts
nextmorning.

Use1mixof

Pâtésucrée

Forthefilling:

1.2litres/2pintsfull-fat(whole)milk4tbsplemonjuice

½lemon,zestonly

2½oz(65g)butter,softened

2½oz(65g)sugar

1free-rangeegg,beaten

¼tspfinelygratednutmeg

2oz(50g)mixeddriedfruit

Slowlywarmthemilktoagentlesimmer.Removefromtheheatandstirinyour
lemonjuice.Leavetocoolforanhourandstirtwicetohelpthecurdstoform.

Putthecurdsandwheyintoasievelinedwithmuslin(cheesecloth)anddrainthe
wheyoffintoajugovernight.

Rolloutthepastry,mouldtothetins,prickwithaforkandleavetochillinthe
fridgewhilstyoumakethefilling.

Creamthebutterandsugartogetheruntillightandfluffyandtheybecomepale.
Addtheeggwell.Mixinthecurds,fruit,nutmegandlemonzest.

Fillthecasesandbakefor30-35minutesoruntilthepastryisbrownedandthe
custardhasset.

Allowtocoolbeforetakingoutofthetin.

Downton’sFinestLemonTarts

Use1mixof

Pâtésucrée

5free-rangeeggs

4floz(125ml)doublecream(heavywhippingcream)8oz(225g)castersugar

4lemons,juiceandzest

Icingsugar,fordusting

8loosebottomedtartcases

Preheattheovento200C/400F/Gas6

Rolloutthepastryandlinethetarttins.

Bakethemblindfor

12-15minutesthenremovethepaperandbeans.Trimaway

anyexcesspastryfromtheedges.Bakeforafurther10minutesuntilpalegold
andcompletelydry.

Whisktogethertheeggsandsugaruntillightandfluffy.Mixinthelemonsand
finallythecream.Usingajug,fillthecasesandreturntotheoven.

Bakefor18minutes,oruntilthelemonfillingisset.

Allowtocoolfor30minutesuntiltakingoutofthetinanddustingwithicing
sugar.

YorkshireAppleTart

1mix

Pâtésucrée

2lb(900g)cookingapples,peeledandcored

6oz(170g)sugar

Juiceofhalfalemon

1tspcinnamon

2sweetapples,peeled,coredandthinlysliced

Halfajarofapricotjam

Preheattheovento220C/400F/gasmark7

Rolloutthepastry.Grease,flourandline8tinswiththepastry.Mouldtoshape
andprickwithafork.Setasideinthefridgewhilstyoupreparetheapples.

Chopthecookingapplesintosmallpieces.Addthesewiththesugarandcook
untilmushyandallthejuicehasevaporated.Stirinthelemonjuiceand
cinnamon.

Cutthesweetapplesintoquarters,leavingtheskinonbutremovingthecore.

Slicethequartersverythinly.

Fillthecaseswiththeapplepuréethenarrangetheappleslicesprettilyoverthe
top.Sincetheywillshrink,ensuretheyarewelloverlapped.

Bakefor18minutesoruntiltheapplesandpastrylookcooked.

Warmtheapricotjamwith2tbsofwater,sievetoclearofbits.Brushoverthe
cookedtartasaglaze.

Leavefor30mins.beforeremovingfromthetins.

MacClareChocolateTarts

1mix

Pâtésucrée

14oz(400g)plainchocolate,brokenup8tbspdoublecream(heavywhipping
cream)2oz(60g)butter,cubed2tbspcastersugar(optional)Preheattheoven
190°C/380F/Gas5

Rolltheoutthepastry,mouldtothetins,prickthepastryandchillfor30mins
Bakethecasesfor12minutesuntilgoldenbrown.

Meltthechocolate,butter,creamandsugartogetherina

bainmarie

.Cookgently

andthickenfor8minutes.

Spoonthechocolateganacheintothecookedcases.Leavetochillandset.

Decoratewithhalfastrawberryanddustwithicingsugar.

DameNellieMelbaCustardSlice

1mixof

puffpastry

orapackofready-made.

Forthecrèmepâtissière

18floz(500ml)milk1vanillapod,splitdownthemiddleandseedsscrapedout
3½oz(100ml)sugar

4free-rangeeggs,yolksonly

1½oz(40g)cornflour(cornstarch)

1½oz(40g)butter

Fortheicing

7oz(200g)icingsugar

5tspwaterPreheatovento220C/425F/Gas7

GreasetwobakingtraysandlinewithbakingparchmentRolloutthepastryin
twoequalsquaresof20cm/8insFirstmakethecustard:

Gentlyheattogetherthemilkwiththevanillapod.Bringslowlytotheboil.

Inanotherlargebowlwhisktheeggs,sugarandcornflour.

Pourthewarm,infusedmilkontotheeggsmix.Stirwellandreturntotheheat.

Slowlybringitbacktotheboil,stirringcontinually.Asitcooksthecustardwill
coatthebackofthespoon.

Asitboils,takeitofftheheatandtransfertoacleanbowl.

Coverwithclingfilmandleavetosetinthefridge.

Placethepastrysquaresontothesheetsandbakeinapreheatedovenuntilcrisp
andbrowned.Thiswilltakearound15–18mins.Setthemasidetocool.

Whenbothpastryandcustardarecooled,spreadthecustardoverthepastryand
addthetop.

Floodwithwhiteicingandreturnthecaketothefridgetosetthoroughly.

Cutinto8slicestoserve.

DoughBuns

Jimmy’sFinestCrumpets

12floz(350m)halffat(2%)milk,warmedbutnotboiling1lb(450g)allflour
1/8oz(5g)driedyeast2tspsugar12floz(350ml)finger-warmwater(tepid)1
tspSalt1tspbakingpowderVegetableoilforcookingWhisktogethertheflour,
yeast,sugarandmilk,thenaddhalfthewater.Mixuntilsmooththengradually
addtherestofthewateruntilitistheconsistencyofthickcreamCoverthebowl
withadampteatowelandleavetorisefor2hoursuntilitisfrothy.

Warmafryingpanandcoatthinlywithasmallamountofoil.

Usingasmallemptyfoodcanwithbothendscutoff,makearingandpourthe
mixturein.

Asthecrumpetcooksholeswillappearonthesurface.(Ifthemixtureseeps
outsideoftheringitistoothin,addmoreflour).Thiswilltakearound5
minutes.

Removetheringandfliptocookontheundersidefortwotothreeminutes.

Setonacoolingrackandreheatunderthegrillortoasterwhenreadytoserve
withlashingsofbutterandsomehomemadejam.

Molesley’sToastedTeaCakes

8oz(225g)strongwhitebreadflour1/2tspsalt1tspfastactiondriedyeast1oz
15gsoftlightbrownsugar1/4tspfreshlygratednutmeg3oz(75g)mixeddried
vinefruits(raisins,currants,sultanas)2oz(40g)butter,melted4floz(120ml)
fullfat(whole)milk,plusextraforbrushingPreheatovento200C/400F/gas
mark6

Soakthefruitinacupofcoldteafor2minsMixtogethertheflouryeast,sugar
andnutmeginalargebowl.

Inasaucepangentlyheatthemilkandthebutter,butdonotallowittoboil.

Addittothedryingredientsandthefruit,andthenworkuntilitmakesalovely
smoothdough.

Turnoutontoaflouredsurfaceandkneadfor5minutes.

Divideinto8ballsofequalsizeandplaceonalightlygreasedbakingtray.

Coverwithateatowelandleaveinawarmplaceforaround45minutestorise
todoublethesize.

GlazethetopswithmilkPlaceintoapreheatedovenandbakefor15minutes.

RemoveandcoolonarackToserve,cutacrosshorizontally,toastbothhalves
andfloodwithoozingmeltedbutter.

Rosamund’sChelseaBuns

1lb(500g)strongwhiteflour,plusextrafordusting1tspsalt

1x¼oz(7g)sachetfact-actiondriedyeast300ml/10floz(300ml)milk1½oz
(40g)butter,softenedatroomtemperature1free-rangeegg

vegetableoil,forgreasingForthefilling:

1oz(25g)unsaltedbutter,melted

3oz(75g)softbrownsugar

2tspgroundcinnamon5oz(150g)driedmixedfruit

Fortheglaze:2tbspmilk

2tbspcastersugarTomakethedough:addtheyeast,flourandsalttogetherina
largebowl.

Inasaucepanwarmthebutterandmilkgently,butdonotboil.

Mixthemilkmixintothedryingredientsandcombinetogether.

Turnoutontoalightlyflouredsurfaceandkneadforaround5minutes(adding
moreflourifnecessary)untilyouhaveachievedasmoothdough.

Greaseabowlwithvegetableoil,setthedoughinandcoverwithateatowel.

Leavetoriseinawarmplaceforaroundanhouroruntilithasdoubledinsize.

Lightlygreaseabakingtray.

Preheatovento190C/375F/Gas5

Rolloutthedoughintoarectangleabout¾inchthick.

Makethefillingbymeltingthebutterandaddingthespicesandfruit.

Smearalloverthesurfaceofthedough.

Tightlyrollthedoughandfillingintoalongsausage,likeaswissroll.

Takingasharpknifecutthesausageinto10slices.

Laythemontothebakingsheetleavingspaceforthemtorisebetween.

Coverwithateatowelandleavetoriseinawarmplacefor20minutes.

Cookinthepreheatedovenfor15minutes.

Meanwhilemakeyourglazebyheatingthemilkandsugartoaboilthen
simmeringfor3minutes.

RemovetheChelseaBunsfromtheovenandpaintwiththeglaze.

Placeoncoolingracks.

Serveatroomtemperature.

Roughcakes

JosTufton’sFatRascals

FatRascalshavebeeneateninYorkshiresincethereignofElizabethI5½oz
(150g)plainflour

5½oz(150g)self-risingflour1tspbakingpowder5½oz(150g)butter

5½oz(150g)mixeddriedfruit3½oz(100g)sugar

1tspcinnamonpowder

½tspgratednutmeg1orange,zestonly

1lemon,zestonly

1free-rangeeggyolk

About2floz(50ml)milk

Fortheglaze

1free-rangeegg,yolkonly

Pinchofsalt

1tbspwaterFlakedalmondsandglacécherries,todecoratePreheatovento
200C/400F/Gas6

Lightlygreaseabakingtray

Sifttogetherthebakingpowderandfloursandrubtogetherthebutterandflour.
Addinthesugarfruit,zestsandspices.Littlebylittleaddthemilktomakea
workabledough.

Dividein12smallballsandflatten.Layontothebakingsheet.

Fortheglazemixthesaltwaterandbuttertogether.

SprinklewithcherriesandalmondsandpaintwiththeglazeBakefor15-18
minutesoruntilbrownedandset.

Thesearereservedwarmorcoldandafterwithabigdollopofcreamonthe
side.

Marigold’sRockCakes

TheseYorkshirefavouritesspreadacrossBritainintheSecondWorldWaras
theyworkedsowellusingrationingingredients.Thesearesometimesalso
referredtoasDropSconesinotherpartsofthecountry.

8oz(225g)self-raisingflour1tspdoubleactionbakingpowder(US)or1tsp
bakingpowder(UK)4oz(110g)softbutterormargarine2oz(55g)sugarPinch
ofmixedspice40z(110g)mixeddriedfruit2oz(55g)currants1mediumegg1
-3tbspmilkDemerarasugarforsprinklingPreheattheovento180C/350F/Gas
4

Lightlygreasetwobakingtraysandlinethemwithbakingparchment.

RubtogetherthebutterandflouruntilitresemblesbreadcrumbsAddinthe
sugarandfruit.Combinewell.

Bindtogetherwiththebeateneggandthendripthemilkinlittlebylittletomake
adampmixturewhichwillsticktogether.Acrossthetraydrop12equalmounds
leavingspaceforthemtospread.

SprinkleoverwithDemeraratogivealovelydarkcrunch.

Bakeinthepreheatedovenfor15minutes.

Servewarm.

CharlieGrigg’sEcclesCakes

TheEcclescakeactuallycomesfromanhour’sdriveuptheroadfrom
Yorkshire.Eccles,thetownfromwhichthecakeisoriginatedisfoundin
Lancashire.Thisrich,darktasteisonewhichonegrowsintoIthink,abitlike
coffeeorwhisky!

Forthepastry:

1mixof

puffpastry

orapacketofready-made.

Forthefilling:

4oz(120g)currants2oz(60g)butterAfewgratingsofnutmeg

2oz(60g)softdarkbrownsugar1eggwhite

Demerarasugar–fordusting

Preheattheoven220C/425F/gasmark7

Rolloutyourpuffpastrytoarectangleofaround8insx6insTomakeyour
filling,meltthebutterandthrowinthesugarandspices.Leaveboilinggently
foroneminutethenremovefromtheheat.Youarelookingforthecurrantsto
softenandthesyruptobecomeinfusedwiththespices.

Nowrolloutyourpastrythinlyandcutout12x10cm/4inscircleswithacutter.

Inthemiddleofeachpiece,placesomefilling.

Pinchuptheedgesofthepastrytosealthecake.

Turnoverandplacethefastenedsidedownonthebakingtray.

Scorethreesmallcutsinthetopofthepastry.

Paintwitheggwhiteandsprinklewithsugar.

BakeyourEcclesCakesinthepreheatedovenfor15minutesoruntiltheyare

brownedandrisen.

Eatwarm.

Ethel’sCoconutMacaroons

2largeeggwhites

¼teaspooncreamoftartar

3½oz(100g)castersugar

1½oz(30g)groundalmonds1pinchofsalt

1teaspoonvanillaextract(orcoconutessenceifavailable)9oz(250g)shredded
coconutPreheattheovento170ºC/gasmark3/325ºF

Greaseandlineabakingtraywithbakingparchment.

Whisktheeggwhitestoaverylightfroth.Addthecreamoftartar.Mixinthe
sugarateaspoonatatime.Nowwhishthemixtureuntilitmakesveryrigid
peaks.Ifyouhaveanelectricwhiskthiswillsaveyoutheagonyofcook’s
elbow!

Gentlyfoldinthecoconut,almonds,saltandvanillatakingcarenottoknockthe
airoutofthemeringueDrop8equalmoundsontothebakingparchmentand
bakefor20minsuntilpalegolden.

Carson’sSundayAfternoonParkin

7oz.(200g)butter,plusextraforgreasing1largeegg4tbspmilk7oz.(200g)
goldensyrup(lightKaroSyrup)3oz.(85g)treacle(molasses)3oz.(85g)light
softbrownsugar3½oz.(100g)mediumoatmeal9oz.(250g)self-risingflour1
tbspgroundgingerPreheattheovento160C/140Cfan/gas3

Greaseandlinea9ins(22cm)squaretin,bothbaseandinside.

Gentlyheattogetherthesyrup,molasses/treacleandsugar.

Mixtogetherthegingerflourandoatmealthenaddthemtothetreaclemix.

Addinthemilkandthenfinallytheegg.

Pourintoyourtinandleavetobakeforbetween50-60minutes.Thetopwillbe
firmwithaslightcrunch.Useaskewertocheckitiscookedrightthrough.

Whencooledturnoutofthetin.Carefullywrapinfoiltorestitfor3or4days.

Trytoresistthetemptationtoeatthistooquicklyasitgetsstickierandmore
gorgeousthelongeryouleaveit.(Itwillkeepfor2weeksinatin).

Barrow’sLemonBars

Forthebase:6oz(175g)plainflour2oz(50g)groundrice3oz(85g)golden
castersugar5oz(140g)coldbutter,diced1tbspmilkForthelemontopping:
Zest3lemons,plus7floz(200ml)lemonjuice(about4lemons)3eggs7oz
(200g)castersugar1oz(25g)flourIcingsugar,todustPreheatovento
200C/180Cfan/gas6

Line9ins(22cm)squaretinbaseandinsides.

Rubtogetherthegroundrice,flourandbutterthenaddinthesugar.

Pourintoyourtinandpressdowntomakeasolidbase.

Bakefor15minutesuntilacrustisformed.

Removefromtheovenandthenturndownthetemperatureto180C/160C
fan/gas4

Mixtogetherthelemonandtheeggsandwhisktogetherwell.

Addinthesugarandfoldintheflour.

Pourthemixtureoverthebaseandreturntotheoven.

BakeuntilthelemonissetandleavetocoolinthetinDustwithicingsugarand
sliceinto12.

HisLordship’sBramBrack

1lb5oz(550g)driedfruit-sultanas,currantsandraisins4oz(225g)candied
peel,chopped8oz(225g)glacecherries(candiedcherries),halved10floz
(300ml)cold,strong,black"Yorkshire"orothertea150g/5½oz(150g)butter,
slightlysoftened150g/5½oz(150g)soft,darkbrownsugar3largeeggs10oz
(225g)all-purpose/plainflour2tspbakingpowder2tbspdarktreacle/molasses
3floz(100ml)whisky1tspfreshlygroundnutmeg2tsplemonjuice4oz(110g)
groundalmondsPreheattheovento170°C/325°F/Gas3

Greaseandfloura8ins(20cm)roundcaketin,baseandinsides.

Mixtogethertheflour,bakingpowderandspices.

Inanotherbowlcreamtogetherthebutterandsugar.Addintheeggs,mixing
togetheraftereachegg.

Mixintheflourmixathirdatatime,mixingwellinbetween.

Draintheteafromthefruit.Addthefruit,treacle,lemon,nutmeg,whiskyand
nutstothemix.

Pourintothecaketinandbakefor2½hoursorcookedtillgoldenbrownCool
inthetinthenserve(Keepswellinacaketin).

MrBate’sTreacleTart

Ateatimefavoritetouseupallofthosecrustsyouhavecutoff.

1Mixof

PâtéSucrée

1lb(450g)goldensyrup

3oz(85g)freshbreadcrumbs

Agenerouspinchgroundginger

1lemon,zest,finelygratedand2tbspofthejuicePreheattheovento
190C/375F/Gas5.

Greasea9insloosebottomedtarttin.

RolloutyourpastryandlineyourtinLinewithbakingparchmentandfillwith
bakingbeans.Bakeitblindfor15minutesGentlyheatyourgoldensyrup,add
thegingerandstirinyourbreadcrumbs.

Fillthepastrycaseandreturntotheovenfor30minutes.

Servewarmorcold.

Conclusion

Ihopeyouhaveenjoyedyourforayintothehistoricalworldofafternoon
delicacies.I,asanEnglishwoman,woulddearlylovetoseethetradition
becomepopularagain.

Perhapsinthesedayswherewearestartingtobecomemoreawareofastress
levelsandhastethrougheverydaylife,theAfternoonTeadoes,infact,standa
chance.

Howwonderfultothinkthatperhaps,justevenforonedayaweek,womenmay
againbesquirreledtogetheraroundapotofteatosharetalesoftheirweek,and
theirdreams.

Tomymindthatisthestuffwheremagiccanbegin;adeliciousmoment,a
glimpseofrealfemininityastherootofawoman’spower.What’smore...all
withasliceofcake!

That’sitthen.Iamgoingtoleaveyouplayingwithingredientsinyourhead.As
forme,Iamofftotheantiqueshoptoinvestinsomesilversugartongsandthe
veryprettiestcakesliceIcanfind.

Andthen....

Well,it’stimeforteaofcourse!

ElizabethFellow

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Definitions
BainMarie–Thisisatwotieredpotusedforheatingandmeltingingredients
oversteam.Itispossibletomakeaneffectivesubstitutebyplacingabowlovera
saucepansothesteamislockedinsideandgentlywarmsthecontentsofthe
bowl.

Referencesandauthorities:
http://imaginationlane.net/blog/historical-recipes-sandwiches-through-history/-
sandwiches

Disclaimer
TheDowntonAbbeyCookbookcontainssometraditional,somenewandsome
borrowedrecipeswhicharetriedbymyself.Ihavetakeneffortstoconveymy
recipeideascorrectlyandtorevieweachrecipecarefully.Sometimesyoumay
notgetthedesiredresultsduetovariousfactorssuchasqualityofproducts,
variationsiningredients,timetakenincookingandindividualcookingability.

ManyoftherecipeshavebeentakenfromhistoricalbooksandwhilstI,asthe
author,wasclearlynotphysicallyatanEdwardianTeaParty,theseare
traditionalcakesandsandwicheswhicharetruetotheperiods.

TheideaspublishedonDowntonAbbeyCookbookarepurelybasedon
individualopinionofAuthor.Pleaseusethemasareference.

Lastly,theDowntonAbbeyusesthenamesandreferencestothecharacterswith
thankstoITV,butwouldliketostressisinnowayaffiliatedtotheprogramme
orproductionteam.