mx = mg + b(x) - r(x ),
m g b
r x
0
0 dla x d" 0,
b(x) =
-kx dla x > 0,
k > 0 r(x ) = ax , a > 0.
r(x ) = a1x + a2|x |x .
A
B A + X 2X, X + Y 2Y, Y B
A, X , Y B
dA
= -k1AX ,
dt
dX
= k1AX - k2X Y,
dt
dY
= k2X Y - k3Y,
dt
dB
= k3Y.
dt
k1, k2, k3.
qx
x = x(a - bx) - .
x + c
Mm
F = G ,
rÄ…
Ä… = 2 M m G

r
v = I + 2w(-0.7 - v) + 0.5(-0.5 - v) + 1.1m"(v)(1 - v),
w = µ(v) (w"(v) - w) ,
v w
1 v-v1
m"(v) = 1 + tanh ,
2 v2
1 v-v3
w"(v) = 1 + tanh ,
2 v4
v-v5
(v) = cosh ,
2v4
ez-e-z
tanh(z) = ,
ez+e-z
ez+e-z
cosh(z) = .
2
v1 = -0.01, v2 = 0.15, v3 = -0.12, v4 = 0.3, v5 = 0.22,
I = 0.25. µ 0.1 0.
"
T = -A(T - T ),
B
u = (Te - Tw) - C(u - u"),
"x
"
e
Tw = -uT - A(Tw - T ),
"x
uTw "
Te = - A(Te - T ),
"x
 T, Tw, Te u
"
A = 1, B = 663, C = 3, T = 12,
u" = -14.2, "x = 14.
B u"
N = r1N - Å‚1(N - Nh)P,
P = -r2 + Å‚2(N - Nh)P,
N P Nh
Nh N,
Nh
2
N1 = r1N1 - µ1N1 + ´1N1N2,
2
N2 = r2N2 - µ2N2 + ´2N1N2,
N1, N2
ri, µi ´i
c1V
N1 = N1 -k1 + ,
V +q
N2 = N2 (-k2 + c2V ) ,
c3N1
V = V (a - bV ) - - c4N2 ,
V +q
N1, N2 V
a, b, ci, ki
 V
N1 N2
2
N1 P
2
N1 = r1N1 - µ1N1 - ²1N1N2 - Å‚1 N1+N2 ,
2
N2 P
2
N2 = r2N2 - µ2N2 - ²2N1N2 - Å‚2 N1+N2 ,
2 2
P = -r3P + Å‚3 N1 +N2 ,
N1+N2
N1, N2 P
ri, µi, ²i, Å‚i
E+g
g = Rgg 1 - g - 0.6w ,
0.3E+g
0.3E+g
w = Rww 1 - w - 1.07g .
E+g
E = 0.3, Rg = 0.27, Rw = 0.4.
m mg
-
a1||.
v