Mitral Regurgitation











Mitral
Regurgitation
Mitral Area Murmur

[Apex]
Systolic
 
Mild Regurgitation








Moderate Regurgitation






Severe Regurgitation









Etiologies include rheumatic fever,
endocarditis, papillary muscle dysfunction, ruptured chordae
tendinae, myxomatous degeneration of the mitral
valve, mitral annular calcification, atrial
myxoma, collagen
vascular disease (i.e.: lupus).


Murmur may be early, mid, or late
ejection type or holosystolic with radiation to the axilla.


In compensated cases, apical impulse
is hyperdynamic.


In decompensated cases, apical impulse
is displaced laterally and downward.


Associated with S3 and diastolic
rumble in severe cases.


May cause secondary pulmonary hypertension
with liver congestion, tricuspid regurgitation and edema.