1b The Literature of Discovery and Exploration

c. 1579-1631
English adventurer, explorer, and writer.
Smith sailed for Virginia on December 19, 1606.
The three ships entered Chesapeake Bay, Apr. 26, 1607, and the surviving 105 of the original 144 colonists disembarked at Jamestown.
Smith engaged in exploration, and was a member of the governing council.
His chief contribution was securing corn and other food from the native Americans.

Wrote the Generall Historie of Virginia (1624).
Taken prisoner, according to his account, he was saved from execution by the intervention of Pocahontas, Chief Powhatan's daughter.
Subsequently explored the Potomac and Rappahannock rivers, as well as Chesapeake Bay, and in 1608 sent to England for publication
A True Relation of Such Occurrences and Accidents of Noate as Hath Hapned in Virginia Since the First Planting of that Collony.

In 1612 he published
A Map of Virginia, with a Description of the Country, the Commodities, People, Government, and Religion.
In 1614 he was sent to New England by London merchants and brought back a valuable cargo of fish and furs although his sponsors expected gold.
A Description of New England, published in 1616, contains an excellent map of the area.

The Pilgrims used his maps and books but did not accept his services.
Among his other publications are:
The True Travels, Adventures, and Observations of Captain John Smith in Europe, Asia, Africa, and America (1630)
Advertisements for the Unexperienced Planters of New England or Anywhere (1631).

c. 1552-1616
pioneer of English expansion overseas
published works on geographical discovery and exploration and acted as adviser to statesmen and merchant adventurers. He was seeking firsthand reports from returned travelers.
at Oxford he was the first to lecture on modern geography
sponsored the search for the Northern Passages and advocated the colonization of North America:
► as a cure for England's economic ills
► as a means of spreading the gospel of Protestantism
► as a curb to the power of Spain

Hakluyt commissioned John Florio to translate the account of Cartier's voyages to Canada. This was the first of a series of foreign works which Hakluyt sponsored, edited, or translated, adding prefaces dedicated to patrons or promoters of English exploration and settlement.
Divers Voyages Touching the Discoverie of America (1582) was designed to establish England's claim to colonize North America by providing documentary evidence of its priority of discovery and describing previous voyages to the North American coasts.

He supported Sir Walter Raleigh in The Discourse of Western Planting, which assembled all the arguments for an American settlement.
The Principall Navigations, Voiages and Discoveries of the English Nation (1589).
Derived from original sources and arranged in regional and chronological order, it included the journals of explorers, sailing directions for pilots, reports by merchants, diplomatic documents, and the correspondence of geographers, projectors, and statesmen.

The first edition of Richard Hakluyt's Principall Navigations. Printed in 1589 in London by G. Bishop and R. Newberie, deputies to C. Barker, printer to the "Queenes Most Excellent Maiestie."

Continued his advisory services, from 1599 consultant to the East India Company.
A patentee of the Virginia Company in 1606. Obtained a dispensation to go to Jamestown without relinquishing his preferments in England, although he did not go.
The inspiration of many travelers and colonizers. To his vision England owed her position in 1616 as a rising maritime power with a successful colony on American soil.
By his publications he preserved for posterity the records of England's great age of discovery.

c. 1567-1635
French explorer and colonizer, founder of Quebec, discoverer of Lake Champlain, and governor of Canada; often called the Father of Canada.
Explored the rivers of Maine and charted the coast as far south as Cape Cod and Martha's Vineyard.
Possibly the first European to visit the site of Boston.

In 1608 he landed at the present
Quebec and established there the
first settlement north of Florida
which has been continuously
occupied.
Champlain and his companions
were the first recorded white men
to set foot on the soil of New York
State.
Resentment among the Iroquois.
Explored Lake Champlain, Huron, Ontario and Onondaga.
His most important book, the Voyages of 1632, is a history, a guide, and a prophecy of Canada's greatness.