READING
Unemployment in the EU - Bezrobocie w Unii Europejskiej
The search for employment is becoming an increasingly uphill struggle in Europe. Employers are very demanding and look for staff with good qualifications and sound experience. The European Union is well aware of the problem and offers training and education programmes to improve your skills, brighten up your CV and equip you better for the labour market. The Union offers you an opportunity to take advantage of the accelerating pace of technological change rather than become a victim of it.
A young person is twice as likely to be unemployed as an older person. One in five long-term unemployed workers is under 25 years of age. Avoid becoming one of these statistics! Get up and go for it: explore what Europe has to offer in the way of education and training! Travel broadens the mind, so look out for the possibilities that will help you get ahead.
Vocabulary :
employment - zatrudnienie
employers - pracodawcy
demanding - wymagający
skills - umiejętności
aware of - świadomy czegoś
brighten up - rozjaśnić
labour market - rynek pracy
victim - ofiara
long-term - długotrwały
travel broadens the mind - podróże kształcą
to get ahead - iść do przodu
Speaking:
Do you think that the unemployment rate will go down soon in Poland?
What is a current unemployment rate in Poland?
How to reduce the unemployment?
Have you ever been unemployed? How long did you look for a job?
Does our government do its best to reduce the unemployment in Poland?
2. READING
Unemployment benefits - Zasiłki dla bezrobotnych
All Member States of the EU have made provisions for social insurance legislation guaranteeing unemployment benefits, although national schemes differ for economic, historical and practical reasons. As the existence of different national schemes can cause problems when two or more countries are involved, Community social security legislation co-ordinates these national schemes to ensure that the application of different national legislations does not adversely affect persons who move within the European Union and the European Economic Area. Co-ordination means that Member States are free to decide the details of the benefits, such as the conditions to be fulfilled, the calculation and the amount of unemployment benefits, but must simultaneously observe the common rules and principles established by Community legislation.
You might become unemployed in a Member State to which you have moved. If the national legislation in this Member State requires that a certain waiting period be fulfilled - which means that you are entitled to receive unemployment benefits only after having been insured or employed in this State for a certain time - you might not qualify for such benefits as you have neither been insured nor worked there long enough. In this case, the institution in the country in which you claim the benefit must take account of periods of insurance or employment which you have completed under the legislation of any other Member State.
Vocabulary:
social insurance - ubezpieczenie społeczne
unemployment benefits - zasiłki dla bezrobotnych
to ensure - zapewnić
the amount - suma, kwota
simultaneously - jednocześnie
to be entitled to - być upoważnionym do
In this case - w tym przypadku
Wstaw odpowiednie słowo w wykropkowane miejsce.
Labour market conditions are mainly affected (1) ........... the overall development (2) ........... the economy. However, going (3) ........... the next millennium, labour market performance is increasingly challenged (4) ........... the demographic shift. (5) ........... the next 30 years, the dynamics of population ageing will have important implications (6) ........... the workforce, particularly (7) ........... it's composition. This brief quantitative analysis is a contribution to improving the understanding of future dynamics of the labour market, which is not addressed (8) ........... short-term economic analyses. The paper aims (9) ........... identifying what lies (10) ........... the aggregate national figures concerning the labour market performance. In fact, aggregate figures often mask critical information (11) ........... the gender and age structure of the working age population and the labour force as well as the importance of regional disparities (12) ........... relation to employment performance. Taking account of these dimensions may prove very helpful (13) ........... the policy maker seeking to define adequate policy priorities and objectives. The reliability of this analysis is, of course, strongly dependent (14) ........... the demographic and economic scenarios employed which are associated with a strong element of uncertainty. Nevertheless, given the strength of the trends observed, it can provide some clear insight (15) ........... the challenges ahead and facilitate the comparability among different situations observed (16) ........... the European Union.
Wstaw jedno z odpowiednich słów podanych poniżej w wykropkowane miejsce.
|
||||||
|
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
||
1 |
taxation |
taxed |
taxing |
tax |
||
2 |
sure |
ensure |
make sure |
surely |
||
3 |
policy |
policies |
politics |
politic |
||
4 |
competitiveness |
competed |
competition |
competitive |
||
5 |
demand |
meet |
require |
set aside |
||
6 |
another |
other |
different |
following |
||
7 |
imply |
obey |
make |
fullfil |
||
8 |
intends |
forces |
makes |
orders |
||
9 |
on |
at |
in |
for |
||
10 |
vehicle |
car |
motor |
transported |
||
11 |
discuss |
set |
achieve |
overcome |
||
12 |
legal |
law |
lawful |
procedure |
||
13 |
agree |
comply |
compel |
lie |
||
14 |
For |
In |
To |
With |
||
15 |
legislative |
judicial |
executive |
lawful |
||
KLUCZ
Ćw 3) 1) by 2) of 3) into 4) by 5) over 6) on 7) on 8) by 9) at 10) behind 11) on 12) in 13) for 14) on 15) on 16) across
Ćw 4) The European Commission presented, on 23 May 2001, a comprehensive strategy for the EU's future (1) taxation policy. The Commission considers that the Community must (2) ensure that tax policy supports broader EU (3) policy objectives such as the goal set by the Lisbon European Council of making the EU the most (4) competitive economy in the world by 2010. Increased tax co-ordination would help Member States to (5) meet these objectives. But while a large measure of harmonisation is necessary in the VAT and excises fields, in (6) other tax fields tax co-ordination does not (7) imply tax harmonisation. The Commission (8) intends to focus more attention in particular (9) on the tax problems facing individuals and businesses operating within the Internal Market. It will soon present options for co-ordinated action to tackle tax obstacles and inefficiencies in the company tax field, as well as reports concerning alcohol taxation and (10) vehicle taxation. To (11) achieve progress, the Commission intends to be more pro-active in taking (12) legal action where Member States' national tax rules or practices do not (13) comply with the Treaty. (14) In addition, “enhanced co-operation” and non-binding approaches such as recommendations could be utilised instead of (15) legislative proposals where appropriate.