2013 03 21, wykład

Lecture 6: Grammars & Syntax

Grammar

Descriptive grammar – describes sounds, words, phrases and sentences of language

Prescriptive grammar – tells us which language patterns are grammatical and which are ungrammatical

Chomsky’s generative grammar

grammar which tells rules
how to produce, generate language

Chomsky’s universal grammar

Syntax

they use a lot of inflection (many different forms of one word in different situations; word order is not very important, np. Jaś kocha Marię=Maria kocha Jaś.

Syntactic categories

lexical categories (individual words)

nouns

verbs

adjectives

adverbs

prepositions

phrasal categories

NP (noun phrase): a big dog, a lovely day

VP (verb phrase): went out for a walk, barked

AP (adjective phrase) truly beautiful, simply impossible

PP (prepositional phrase) after a while, for a walk

AdvP (adverb phrase) absolutely wonderfully

Sentence types

Johnny walked: subject + verb

He went up the hill: subject + verb + adverbial

He felt hungry: subject + verb + complement

He opened a pack of Walkers’ biscuit: subject + verb + object (dopełnienie)

He found the biscuits very nutritious


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