Zdania czasowe: Zd. Nadrzedne: Future Simple / F. Cont. / F. Perfect / Must / Can / May /prośba; polecenie Spójnik:WHEN / AFTER / BEFORE / AS SOON AS / UNTILL / TILL/ WHILE / IF / UNLESS Zdanie czasowe: Present simple / present cont. / present perfect.
Srtona bierna : Strona czynna I: podmiot + orzeczenie + dopełnienie A bus + hit + my cat. Str bierna I: dopelnienie +BE(forma) + inies.Bierny3for + BY z podm My cat + was + hit + by a bus. Str. Czynna II: podmiot + orzeczenie + dop dalsze + dop. Blizsze A friend + gave + me + the money. Str. Bierna IIA: dop.dalsze+BE(forma)+imiesBieform+dop.bliz+BYzpod I + was + given + the money + by a friend. Str. Bierna IIB: dop.blizsze+BE(forma)+iniesBie3form+dopdal+BYzpod The money + was + given + to me + by a friend.
Zmiana strony czynnej na bierna:
Okres warunkowy typ 1 Zd. Nadrzedne: Future Simple / F. Cont. /F. Perfect / Must / Can / May Spójnik: IF / UNLESS Zdanie czasowe: Present simple/ present cont. / present perfect. P: We will go to London if he gets a passport tomorrow.
Okres warunkowy typ 2 Zd. Nadrzedne: Would (Could/Might/Should) + bezokol. Spójnik: IF Zdanie czasowe: Present simple. P: He would go to London if he got a passport now.
Okres warunkowy typ 3 Zd. Nadrzedne: Would(Could/Might /Should) +HAVE +imiesbier 3form. Spójnik: IF Zdanie czasowe: past perfect / past perfect cont. P: He would have gone to London 3 days ago if he had got a passport.
Tryb łączący:
I WISH: Przyszłość: would + bezokol. I wish he would go to London tomorrow. Terażniejszość: past simple I wish he went to London now. Przeszłość: past perfect. I wish he had gone to London last week. Po WISH zawsze WERE we wszystkich osobach!!!!
WOULD RATHER = `d rather
Przykład: I would rather stay here.
Przyszłość + terażniejszość: past simple. Przykład: I'd rather she come today. Przyszłość: past perfect. Przykład: I'd rather he had left yesterday.
Mowa zależna. 1. Present simple. I do my homework every day. a) Zd. Nad. (THAT) zd. Pod. Present simple Present simple Say / tell(s) sb / think(s) do(es) P: Bob says (that) he does his homework every day. b) Zd. Nad. (THAT) zd. Pod. Past simple Present simple→past simple Say / told sb / thought do(es) →did P: Bob said (that) he did his homework every day.
2. Present cont. I'm doing my homework. a) Zd. Nad. (THAT) zd. Pod. Present simple Present cont. Say / tell(s) sb / think(s) am/are/is doing P: Bob says (that) he is doing his homework. b) Zd. Nad. (THAT) zd. Pod. Past simple Present cont. → past cont. Say / told sb / thought doing → was/were doing P: Bob said (that) he was doing his homework.
3. Future simple. I will do my homework on Monday. a) Zd. Nad. (THAT) zd. Pod. Present simple Future simple Say / tell(s) sb / think(s) will do P: Bob says (that) he does his homework every day. b) Zd. Nad. (THAT) zd. Pod. Past simple Future simple → Future in the past Say / told sb / thought will do →would do P: Bob said (that) he would do his homework on Monday.
4. Future cont. I will be doing my homework all day. a) Zd. Nad. (THAT) zd. Pod. Present simple Future cont. Say / tell(s) sb / think(s) will be doing P: Bob says (that) he will be doing his homework all day. b) Zd. Nad. (THAT) zd. Pod. Past simple Future cont. → Future cont. in the past. Say / told sb will be doing → would be doing P: Bob said (that) he would be doing his homework every day.
5. Past simple. I did my homework on Monday. a) Zd. Nad. (THAT) zd. Pod. Present simple Past simple Say / tell(s) sb / think(s) did P: Bob says (that) he did his homework on Monday. b) Zd. Nad. (THAT) zd. Pod. Past simple Past simple → Past perfect Say / told sb / thought did → had done P: Bob said (that) he had done his homework on Monday.
6. Past cont. I was doing my homework from 7 to 9. a) Zd. Nad. (THAT) zd. Pod. Present simple Past cont. Say / tell(s) sb / think(s) was / were doing P: Bob says(that)he was doing his homework from 7 to 9. b) Zd. Nad. (THAT) zd. Pod. Past simple Past cont.→ Past perfect cont. Say / told sb was / were doing → had been doing P: Bob said (that) he had been doing his homework on Monday.
7. Present perfect. I haven't done my homework. a) Zd. Nad. (THAT) zd. Pod. Present simple present perfect. Say / tell(s) sb / think(s) have /has done P: Bob says (that) he hasn't done his homework. b) Zd. Nad. (THAT) zd. Pod. Past simple present perfect.→ Past perfect. Say / told sb have /has done → had done P: Bob said (that) he had done his homework on Monday.
8. Present perfect cont. I have been doing my homework for 2 hours. a) Zd. Nad. (THAT) zd. Pod. Present simple Present perfect cont. Say / tell(s) sb / think(s) have /has been doing. P: Bob says (that) he has been doing his homework for 2 hours. b) Zd. Nad. (THAT) zd. Pod. Past simple Present perfect cont.→ Past perfect cont. Say / told sb have /has been doing → had been doing P: Bob said (that) he had been doing his homework for 2 hours.
Czasowniki zdan nadrzednych: Say(s)→said; tell(s) → told; explain(s) → explained; answer(s) → answered; replay(s) → replied; announce(s) → announced; repeat(s) → repeated; promise(s) → promised; remark(s) → remarked; think(s) → thought
Pytania tak jak mowa zalezna ale dokladamy if P: Bob: Do you cook dinner every day, Eve? Bob asks Eve if she cooks dinner every day. Bob asked Eve if she cooks dinner every day.
Czasowiki zdan pytajacych nadrzednych: Ask(s) → asked; wonder(s) → wondered; question(s); want(s) to know → wanted to know; enquire(s) → enquired;
Rozkazy zależne: Zdanie zwykłe → zdanie zależne bezokloicznikowe. P1: Mike: Go home, Eve! Mike told Eve to go home. P2: “Don't drive so fast”, she warned him. She warned him not to drive so fast. Odpowiednie czasowniki dla rozkazów: Tell(s) → told; ask(s) → asked; say(s) → said; order → ordered; warn(s) → warned; command(s) → commanded; advise(s) → advised;
awake - awoke - awoken - budzić się be - was / were - been -być bear - bore - borne - urodzić beat - beat - beaten - bić become - became - become - zostać begin - began - begun - zaczynać bend - bent - bent - zakładać się bind - bound - bound - wiązac bite - bit - bitten - gryźć bleed - bled - bled - krwawić blow - blew - blown - dmuchać break - broke - broken - złamać breed - bred - bred - hodować, rodzić bring - brought - brought - przynosić build - built - built - budować burn - burned - burned - palić, parzyć burst - burst - burst - rozrywac; wybuchac buy - bought - bought - kupowac cast - cast - cast - rzucac catch - caught - caught - łapac; chwytac choose - chose - chosen - wybierac come - came - come - przyjsc ; przyjechac cost - cost - cost - kosztować creep - crept - crept - czołgać się ; skradać się cut - cut - cut - ciąć deal - dealt - dealt - mieć do czynienia ; postapic dig - dug - dug - kopac do - did - done - robic ; czynic draw -drew - drawn - ciagnac , rysowac dream - dreamed - dreamed - snić; marzyć drink - drank - drunk - pić eat - ate- eaten - jeść fall - fell - fallen - upaść feed -fed - fed - karmić ; żywić feel - felt - felt - czuć ( się ) fight - fought - fought - walczyć find - found - found - znaleźć flee - fled - fled - uciekać fling - flung - flung - rzucać fly - flew - flown - lecieć forbid - forbade - forbidden - zabraniać forget - forgot - forgotten - zapominać forgive - forgave - forgiven - przebaczać forsake - forsook - forsaken - opuszczać freeze - froze - frozen - marznąć get - got - got - dostać give - gave - given - dawać go - went - gone - iść ; jechać grind - ground - ground - mleć ; ucierać grow - grew - grown - rosnąć hang - hanged - hanged - wieszać (kogoś) have - had - had - mieć ; posiadać hear - heard - heard - słyszeć hide - hid - hidden - ukrywać (się) hit - hit - hit - uderzyć hold - held - held - trzymać hurt - hurt - hurt - zranić (się) keep - kept - kept - trzymać kneel - kneeled - kneeled - klękać knit - knitted - knitted - robić na drutach know -knew - known - znać ; wiedzieć lay - laid - laid - kłaść ; położyć lead - led - led - prowadzić lean - leaned -leaned - opierać się leap - leaped - leaped - skakać learn - learned - learned - uczyć się leave - left - left - opuszczać lend - lent - lent - pożyczać let - let - let - pozwalać lie - lay - lain - leżeć light - lighted - lighted - zapalać lose - lost - lost - gubić make - made - made - robić mean - meant - meant - znaczyć meet - met - met - spotykać
mow - mowed - mown - kosić pay - paid - paid - płacić prove - proved - proved - udowadniać put - put - put - kłaść quit - quitted - quitted - opucszczać read - read - read - czytać ride - rode - ridden - jeździć ring - rang - rung - dzwonić rise - rose - risen - wstawać run - ran - run - biec saw - sawed - sawn - piłować say - said - said - mówić see - saw - seen - widzieć seek - sought - sought - szukać sell - sold - sold - sprzedawać send - sent - sent - wysyłać set - set -set - ustawiać sew - sewed - sewn - szyć shake - shook - shaken - trząść shine - shone - shone - świecić się shoot - shot - shot - strzelać show - showed - shown - pokazywać shrink - shrank - shrunk - kurczyć się shut - shut - shut - zamykać sing - sang - sung - śpiewać sink - sank - sunk - tonąć sit - sat - sat - siedzieć slay - slew - slain - zabijać sleep - slept - slept - spać slide - slid - slid - ślizgać się smell - smelled - smelled - pachnieć smell - smelt - smelt - czuć sow - sowed - sown - siać speak - spoke - spoken - mówić speed - speeded - speeded - spieszyć się speed - speed - speed - mknąć spell - spelled - spelled - literować spend - spent - spent - spędzać spill - spilled - spilled - rozlewać spin - spun - spun - prząść spit - spat - spat - pluć split - split - split rozszczepiać spoil - spoiled - spoiled - psuć spread - spread - spread - rozciągać spring - sprang - sprung - skakać stand - stood - stood - stać steal - stole - stolen - kraść sting - stung - stung - kłuć żądlić stink - stank - stunk - śnierdzieć stride - strode - stridden - kroczyć strike - struck - struck - uderzać strive - strove - striven - starać się swear - swore - sworn - przysięgać sweep - swept - swept - rozciągać się swell - swelled - swollen - puchnąć swim - swam - swum - pływać swing - swung - swung - huśtać się take - took - taken - brać teach - taught - taught - nauczać tear - tore - torn - rwać tell - told - told - mówić think - thought - thought - sądzić throw - threw - thrown - rzucać trust - trust - trust - pchać tread - trod - trodden - stąpać understand - understood - understood - rozumieć wake - woke - woken - budzić się wear - wore - worn - mieć ubranie, nosic weave - wove - woven - tkać weep - wept - wept - płakać wet - wetted - wetted - moczyć win - won - won - wagrywać wind - wound - wound - nawijać wring - wrung - wrung - wkręcać write - wrote - written - pisać
Present simple Podmiot + przys.częst + czsow.gł +......+ (określ.przysł.) 3os.l.poj. -(e)s I/you /we/you/they drive/work/do He/she/it drives/works/does Pytania: Do I/you we/you/they work/drive? Does He/she/it work/drive? Przeczenia: I/you we/you/they don't work/drive? He/she/it doesn't work/drive? Przysłówki: always, never, often, rarely, usually, sometimes, every day..., on Sundays, from time to time.
Present continuos: Podmiot + BE + czsow.gł. + + określ.czasu (AM/ARE/IS) z koń. -ing. I'm ....you are....he/she/it is ..... we/you/they are + diving Pytanie przea inwersje: am I ..... are you ...... is it ... Przeczenie: not Przys: now, at present, at the moment, today, tomorrow, this week,
Past simple: Podmiot + czas.gł + ......+ (OKR.CZASU) 2-ga forma (-ed.) I/you/she/he/it/we/you/they enjoyed Pytania: did I/you/she/he/it/we/you/they enjoy ? Przeczenie: I/you/she/he/it/we/you/they didn't enjoy. Wyjątek: I/she/he/it was/wasn't you/we/you/they were /weren't Pytania: Was I/she/he/it ? Were you/we/you/they? Przysłówki: yesterday, the day before yesterday, the other day, just now, 2 hours(days,months,years) ago, last Monday (week, month,jear)
Past continuos: Podmiot + BE + czasow.gł + ..+ (okres.czasu) (was/were) z konc. -ing. I/she/he/it was/wasn't playing. you/we/you/they were /weren't playing.
Pytanie: Was I/she/he/it playing? Were you/we/you/they playing? Przysłówki: all day yesterday, all night, all the afternoon, from 10 to 12,at 11 o'clock yesterday ( last night, this morning), yesterday at 11, this time yesterday,
Present perfect: Podmiot + have/has + przysł.+imiesł.bierny +... +(przysł) 3 forma I/you /we/you/they have/haven't finished. He/she/it has/hasn't finished. Pytanie: Have I/you /we/you/they finished? Has He/she/it finished? Przysłówki: for 2 hours (a long time, many days,...) since Friday (tea-time, she was a child ...), just, already, yet, lately, recently, at last, ever, never, so far, up till now, up to the present, czasami this morning (afternoon, evening, week ,month, year,...)
Past perfect: Podmiot + HAD + przysł. + imiesłów bier + ... 3-cia forma I/you/He/she/it/we/you/they had gone. Pytanie przez inwersje. Przysłówki: after, before, when, as soon as, until/till, by the time that, by that time, never ... before, already, ever, for,
Past perfect continuous: Podmiot + HAD + przysł. + BEEN + czasow.gł + ... z koń. -ing. Pytanie przez inwersje. Przysłówki: after, before, when, until/till, by the time that, by that time, all day, already, for.
Future simple: Podmiot + WILL + czas.gł + (okreslenie czasu) Pytanie przez inwersje. Określenie czasu: tomorrow, tomorrow morning, the day after tomorrow, next week (monday..), in 10 minutes ( 2 hours), at 4 o'clock, soon.
Future continuous: Podmiot + WILL + BE + czas.gł + (okreslenie czasu) z koń ing. Przysłówki: from ... to, all night, at 4 o'clock, tomorrow, tomorrow morning, this morning after tomorrow.
Future perfect: Podmiot + WILL +HAVE + przysł. + imiesłów bier + ... 3-cia forma czas..
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