CCF20100223010

L

cl- (s:V\vte)

a Im»x

Notę 3. Vowel reduction is also absent when the syllable in question carries some partial stress. A few possibilities can be observed hęre, e.g.:

(a)    primary stress on the firet syllable and secondary stress on the last:

'mono, gram,    ‘tele.gram, 'coni|dor, 'poli, glot, ‘dreum,flex

'cata,ract,    'cata^ogue, 'mono,logue, 'soli,tude, ‘atti,tude

(b)    partial stress on the first syllable and primary stress on the penultimate (last-but-one) syllable:

jpropa¹ ganda, ,auto' matic, ,eco'nomie, , fundamenta], ,conti nental, _|hori^lzontal

§ 39. Notę 4. In the position before [n], [1], [a] is pronounced only in j slow, careful speech. In normal or rapid speech, the vowel drops out j altogether, and [n], [I] become syllabic:

[?]. l Jl^:

normal |%io.mal or |'no:m||, model, co rai, orał, frugal, legał, pena!

leeson ['lesę], person, bacon, reason, poison, taken, driven, hidden, open, cordon,

preaent, absent, agent

fortunę, action, session, function, penaon, fashion, paasion

1. Reduced Aort [i]

§ 40. An articulatory description of this vowel was given in the chapter on stressed vowels- There, and in the notę above, esamples of words ending in -y, -it, -id, -ish, -ist, were also listed. Here are further examples where the reduced [i] is rendered through other spellings, namely -alo, ■ege. -ace, -ed, -et, -est, -less, -ness.

senate, kgate, palate, delegate (n.), candidate, temperate. moderate -age:

village, luggage, cabbage, baggage, image, package, average

pałace, fu mace, surface, preface, terrace, menace -ed:

hunted, rented, ended, landed, handed, limited, spirited 42

llrkct, signet, trumpet, market, pocket, sonnet, rocket, packet Ul:

blggcHt, honest, Aortest, longest, etrongest, swiftest

■mi

B fiHifkiB, helplesa, reckiesa, uselees, pennilesa, pitileBS

■LlNUM

■ Ookiiem, d ark ness, bkekness, sleepiness, greedinesa, happiness

2. The neutral vowel [a]

|| 41 Tlił* vowel is like a Aort [a:], and it occurs in a few variants. The Utai Important are a lowered one and a raised one.

llll ruised variant, [aj], is intermediate between EngliA [a:] and ■MM) y. i-e. a little high er than [a:]. It occurs in initial and medial BMU""" in a word, phrase or sentence (i.e. never before a pause). The • t, lf it occurs in spelling, is not pronounced. This variant is very Aort. (l| IV..i .In with [a] in an initial position or in the initial syllable:

	ad'dress	a'gree	con'tempt	con'fes3
ftlll'111111	con'cem	foriget	for' bid	for'give
|ih'Ii«1'»	per^1 mit	srb'tLct	sup'port	sug^,gest
*n'l+«>	8ub'mit			offend
1 WomIn with [a] in		medial position:
Ul.....	'monologue 'cataract		'catalogue	•paradox
IMiaUri	'colony	bal eony	'agony	'harmony
I|wiU*i	•vicłory	'gallery	'sakry	•tyranny
l|W«t|i*"r	•pottery	Hberty	•primary	•factory

W....... willi [a] in the finał syllable, followed by a consonant:

■tal*"! organ, Holland,-Poland, Roman, Milton, hiilock, circus Orrliard, Spaniard, Oxford, concert, effort, Lollard

lllimwii;

i I    a dog    an ant    an act    at A    at schód

n egg iMi Hf Jnwercd variant, [a₂], is intermediate between Polish a and |t|], l,n. Iowcr Uian [a:]. It occurs exclusively in the finał position ■Ifirt), phi nite or sentence; in other words it occurs only be^fore a breath

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