REIDER PART 204

Glossary

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Bouvier’s test In this test, used for confirmation of ulnar claw band, the abnormal hyperextension of the MP joints is pas-sivcly prevented, allowing the PIP joints to fully extend. bowstring sign A confirmatory progression of the straight-Ieg raising test in which the patient s symptoms are alleviated by flexing the knee to rclax tcnsion on the nerve roots and then reproduced by directly compressing the sciatic nerve in the popliteal fossa.

broad-based gait A gait abnormality in which the width of the paticnts stance is increased owing to balancing difficulties during single leg stance.

bunion A forefoot deformity characterized by an cnlargcd prominence on the medial aspect of the head of the first mctatarsophalangcal joint.

bunionette, tailor’s bunion A forefoot deformity characterized by an enlarged prominence on the lateral aspcct of the head of the fifth meta tar sal.

Bunnell-Littler test A manipulative test to distinguish among different possible causes of restricted flexion of the interpha-langeal joints of the fingers, including intrinsic muscle tight-ness.

calcaneus contracturc, calcaneus deformity An ankle joint con-tracture in which the ankle is fixed in dorsiflexion. callus, callosity Thickened cornified skin on the foot that rellects areas of greater weightbearing or pressure. capillary refill A method of assessing the circulation to a finger or a toe according to the speed with which norma! color returns to the digit after blanching. capita ulna syndrome Accentuation of the normal prominence of the head of the ulna due to volar subluxation of the carpal bones.

carpal bossing Bcnign bony prominences that can form on the dorsum of the proximal ends of the metacarpals. carpal tunnel compression test A provocative test for carpal tunnel syndrome in which the examiner compresses the median nerve at the entrancc to the carpal tunnel in an attempt to reproduce symptoms of tingling or numbness in the median nerve distribution.

carrying anglc The normally valgus alignment of the elbow, cre* ated by the axis of the humerus and the axis of the forearm. caudal Toward the distal end of the spine.

Childress’ test A provocative test to induce the pain associated with a meniscus tear by having the patient duck walk. Choparts joint An alternative term that refers collectively to the joints between the talus and calcaneus and the distal tarsal bones.

circumduction test A provocative test for posterior shoulder instability that attempts to induce a posterior subluxation by passively circumducting the patient s shoulder. claw toe A toe deformity in which both the proximal and the distal interphalangeal joints are held in an abnormal amount of flexion; usually multiple toes are involved. clonus Rhythmic involuntary flcxion and extension of the ankle induced by a sudden forced dorsiflexion; increased clonus is a sign of an upper motor neuron neurologie lesion. contralateral On the opposite side of the body. coxalgic gait (see abductor limp)

Craig^łs test, Ryder’s method for measuring femoral anteversion A clinical test for estimating femoral anteversion by compar-ing the position of the greater trochanter with the flexion axis of the knee.

cranial Toward the proximal end of the spine. crepitus A palpable and occasionally audible sensation of crack-ling or grating produced by the rubbing together of two irregular surfaces, such as fractured bonę fragments or degenerated articular cartilagc.

cross-chcst adduction or cross-body adduction A test in which the patient is asked to adduct the shoulder by reaching across the chcst to touch the opposite shoulder; this maneuver often irritates a painful acromioclavicular joint, crossed straight-leg raising test A variation of the straight-leg raising test that is performed on the leg opposite the side of suspected lower lumbar radiculopathy; it is thought to be highly specific for a herniated L5-S1 or L4-L5 disk. cubitus valgus Valgus deformity of the elbow cubitus varus, gunstock deformity Varus deformity of the elbow

distraction test A followup to the axial compression test of the cervical spine in which the neck is distracted in an attempt to alleviate the symptoms of nerve root compression. dorsal Relatcd to the dorsum or posterior aspect of the hand or of any other part of the body.

dorsiflexion An alternative term for extension of the wrist or the ankle.

dorsiflexion-eversion Test A provocative test that uses passive positioning of the ankle and toes to elicit the symptoms of tarsal tunnel syndrome.

drawer test of the shoulder A passive test for the assessment of shoulder laxity in which the patient s humerał head is grasped and translated both anteriorly and posteriorly. drop foot gait, steppage gait A gait abnormality associated with weakness of ankle dorsiflexion, in which the patient lifts the knee of the involved leg higher than normal during swing phase and may allow the foot to slap against the ground at heel strike.

droparm sign, droparm test The patient’s inability to prevent the abducted arm from falling uncontrollably toward the side when the patient attempts to lower the arm in a controlled manner.

dropback phenomenon The tendency of the tibia to sublux posteriorly in relation to the distal femur when the knee is in a position of 90" flexion in a supine patient; a sign of posterior cruciatc ligament injury.

dropped knuckle A loss of the normal dorsal prominence of a metacarpal head owing to a fracture of the metacarpal neck or shaft.

dropping sign A test for weakness of the infraspinatus due to large rotator euff tears in which the patient is asked to main-tain his shoulder in external rotation at the side. dynamie posterior shift test A manipulative and provocative test in which passive tightening of the hamstrings is used to reduce posterior or posterolateral subluxation of the knee with a sudden shift.

elbow flexion test A provocative test for ulnar nerve compression at the elbow in which prolonged passive elbow flexion is used to elicit the patients neurologie symptoms.

Ely’s test A manipulativc test to detect contracture of the rectus femoris muscle.

equinus contracture, equinus deformity An ankle joint contracture in which the ankle is fixed in plantar flexion. extension Motion in a limb, a digit, or the spine that tends to straighten the involved body segment or, in the case of the