20101121
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ffYOCABULARY

COMMENT ON U8A0E

Aches and Palni

An ache U a continuom* uiuolly nor vlolent, pain, *Ihe eapifulon athei»md panu b u*cd to descrlbc sllglit lensatlom of palu wlileli ate mu lomldered (ti hi #9110111 lt refem to minor dłicomfort* and palni, es|tedally (n the mmi la*. Iliere ara altu noum formed with -ache. headache_t eahu4se_% backatbe, ttmnarhmhe and Haikaikii (Remember chat hcartache li not a symptom o( hearl diicdae but describea leeling* u! extreme sorrow, espccially eauscd by the ulli or ahieme td snineotte luved), Iii Hritlali Englłsh, thesc nouns arc uncountable whffft tliey describe a utndiilun ot a #mip and eicher countable or uncountable wben tliey refct to a single aitai k id palu. Headd^he is always a countable noum In American lingllsh, smh 1101111# ate alway# tftaHNl a* countable* both wben tbey mcan a single attdtk o( palu and wlien tltey teler m a conditlon. The verb to ache mcam co sufler a continuum, but not vlolent, palm

Pain (uncountable) tticofts wflćrlog or gitar dUinmfoit ol the body. In COflfratf to a duli sensatlon descrlbed by aching, a pain I# a tharp wmatkm ol dl#M>ndittt ot suffcring In a partlcular part óf the body. A tłufłpain may be alitu dfWflbfd h* stt aching pain. The adjectlvc painful meaitg tauitlug pain, litr idjtttlvt *tn* meam pa infuł or aching from a wound or łnfecilon, Mmcles betonie no# bom haol ma. A sort is a painful* i 11 Fecied place on the body* llke a ntW tott 01 a bed wre \pf€MUTM sort). To hurt rncans to Injure or tamę physkal pain tu a part ol tbe body, but aiso to producc a fcellng o( pain. Cłolic {tolicky pain) itfliirt to au atute, pinoaysmal abdominai pain* lilcc hłliary cotit,

A spasm is a sudden painful eoiuuutitm ol a imiacle and a t tnmp (etampy pain) is a severe pain from Involumaiy spasm In tbe uuisi les (stumneh nampi, iwntpy ab dominat pain). A stitth Is a iharp palu In tbe aide, usually laused by runiliitg whlle the noun twinge refers to a sudden sharp attack ol palu, I be Word dimufim I# ollen used to describe slight pain. Tender mcans abnormally semltlve to mufli 01 pf«IUff, Pcople deuelop, have_%fiel or experienee (a)pain ot tufftifmm (a)pain Ute nim ul rreatment is to controh ease, alletdateot rW/etvpaln, Palii may tange In Mwerlty limu ‘dght or mild to tnoderate to seifere. Wry sti*repain I# uften deuLtllml a# agonUOtg or excruciating or unhearable.

ciassify the followlng edjootlvee ohereolerlilng pain under three headlngs: Charactor, lntenatty/S0verlty und Durettoaf Frequoncy.

agonising * bad * bearable # boi Ing ⁹ bflef ⁹ bufiiiiig ¹ toiltky ⁹ <000*00 continuous • cramping ⁹ crusbltig ⁹ dartlng ⁹ dreadful⁹ drlllłng ⁹ tiuli⁹ epfootik

•    excrudating • ftequem ⁹ gnawlng ⁹ giipplng ⁹ Ititetoe ⁹ Inietutllie/u ⁹ bnitr libr

•    lancinatlng • mlld ⁹ moderate ⁹ paroaysnidl ⁹ peilodk ⁹ pffftfffflf * jptóWfifrg

•    pulsating • recurrcin • severe ⁹ sharp ⁹ sliori ⁹ spmadli ⁹ uabbing ¹ ittmly • suflbcating* throbbing ⁹ tlngllng ⁹ tiaitilem ⁹ (ugglng ⁹ uiibeatable

Where doe* eeoh of theso palu* orlglrwle or I# ffl souroe?

1.    abdominal

2.    angina!

3.    articulat

4.    cArdiac

5.    wuiaticous

G. iacłiarmit 7. iminwulinkoleiśl

H. utyaltflt V iieuralglr

10.    (oseotts

11.    piianttmt pulu JJ. >adhułif

11 itlitlt H, siihMetiuil