CCF20150916006 (2)

URSIDAE

Brown Bear (Ursus arctos) - Holarktyka - 390 kg

-    its rangę is the most widespread of all bears: Europę, Asia, and N. America from northern tundra to desert.

-    rangę significantly reduced sińce mid 1800's due to firearms and habitat alteration or destruction.

-    in N. America 2 subspecies: U. a. horribilis, grizzly in all Continental N. America and U a. middendorjfi, brown bear, on 3 Alaskan islands (Kodiak). Grizzly Bear is considered a threatened species in the lower 48 States

American Black Bear (Ursus americanus) - Am. Pn. - 300 kg, 190 cm

-    widely distributed throughout North America. Most of the remaining populations in 32 States and 10 Canada provinces are stable to increasing due to careful management (Table 3).

-    Am. BI. Bear is a gamę animal in 29 States and 10 Canadian provinces and territories.

Harvest was ca. 41,000 per year in 9 provinces and 27 States. Such level makes this animal the most important gamę species of any world's bears. License cost S25 and hunting generates ca. $10 million.

-    population estimates in 25 States and 7 provinces = ok. 460,000 bears.

-    adoptuje się do różnych siedlisk i może żyć blisko ludzi, a oni bardziej go tolerują niż grizzli

Polar Bear (Ursus maritimus) - Arktyka - 800 kg, 260 cm - najw. drapieżnik lądowy

-    current population is now estimated at 25,000 (1984). About 15,000 of those live in Canada. This is considerably morę than in 1965-1970 (8,000-10,000). The increase in numbers is due to limitation of hunting and morę accurate census data as a result of years of intensive coordinated intemational research.

Asłatic Black Bear (Ursus thibetanus) - S Azja - 200 kg, 190 cm

-    in Southern Asia. Western rangę was formerly Afghanistan extending over northern India and southem China, northern Indochina and in northeast China, the eastem Soviet Union, Korea and Japan (Fig. 5).

-    is listed as "vulnerable" on IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals.

-    ishighly favored by Asian medicinal market for their organs.

Giant Panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) - Chiny -125 kg, 190 cm

-    distributed in eastern edge of Tibetan plateau in 6 separate populations of approximately 29,500² km (Fig. 21). Because of human activity in each are, the actual habitat used by giant pandas is only approximately 5,900 km" .

-    population in 1970's was estimated at 1050-1100 pandas in the wild and ca. 80 in zoos

Sun Bear (Helarctos malayanus) - SE Azja - 65 kg, 150 cm - najmniejszy

-    least known bears. formerly inhabited SE Asia from India to Indochina, Malaysia and Indonesia (Fig. 1).

Sloth Bear (Melursus ursinus) - SE Azja - 140 kg, 190 cm

-    distribution: India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Nepal and Bhutan (Fig. 4).

-    population in 1988 was ca. 10,000

-    feed mostly on termites and have special adaptations: brak siekaczy a wargi tworzą wystający lejek przez który wsysa termity. Odgłos wsysania słychac ze 100 m.

-    is one of the most threatened with extinction by IUCN.

Spectacled Bear f Tremarctos omatus) - Am.Pd. -155 kg, 180 cm

-    in forested mountains from Venezuela to Bolivia.

-    is a rare and endangered species. There are less than 2,000 bears in the wild - due to habitat destruction, and growing human inhabitation. These bears are also hunted for food, money and medicinal use

Bear species at greatest risk. Species Survival Commission, IUCN - World Conservation				Jnion
Species	Distribution	Status	Threats	Conservation efforts
Giant panda	China	Endangered	Smali numbers; fragmented populations	Intensive
i Asiatic biack bear	Asia	Threatened-Endangered	Highly fragmented; killing for trade	Nonę
Sun bear	Southeast Asia	Th reatened-Endan gered	Highly fragmented; unknown in the wild; habitat conversion	Nonę _____i
Sloth bear	India	Threatened	Highly fragmented; intensive human pressures	Few
Spectacled bear	South America	Threatened	Habitat loss; illegal hunting; lack of sustainable resource use by local people	Few