P1190263

40 Jacek 'Maimy

Renascence ot' trade contacts hetwecn the South of Europę, i.e. mainly thc Carpałhian Basiu and Transdanube. and tast Pomerania lock place on the tum of the narty phases oftbe Bronze Ageand in the earty Iron Age( Bukowski 1992:42). Thct process was accompan .od by fonnatioa of morę slabie settlement structures, ałso in the Kuvavia-Pomeraman borderiand- The influenc es of Chełmno group pcnetmed across the Vi stula, bet w cen B\dgosar and Ś wiecie; whereas the influ-ences of K.u>a\ia and Eastera Pomerania were much weaker (Bukowski 1998: 194-195).

Waha the botderland between Kuyavia and Pomerania, in the late Branże Age. therc arc twa coaceniratious of Lusatian culture sites (Fig. 5). The first of them embraces thc region of Naklo. Potulicc and Ślesin; however. only minor setilcment poiats prevail therc. Probably. at the end of the Bronze Age thc vicin-it> of Nakło had not become an mieTTcgional contact zonę yet (Bukowski 1998: Pl. because ao Lusariaa sites occur beyond the edge. dcep into Krajno Upland i Tomasze^ sk; 1999: 29). The Lusatian settlement found in the Brda estuary into the Nisiuła fe defimtely much morę vaned Researchers registered therc vast urn-6dds (Dygaszcwicz 1994 30-381, open set tle men łs. as well as bronze hoards (Potemskt 1963: 39-41E As therc arc no premises to put forward a hypothcsis on suprarcgicnal meaning of the Bydgoszcz zonę in the far-reaching exchange of the LnabancuJtisc (Buków vki 1998: 238 k it should be assumed that therc is anolher nrpl—fitni far the Lusauan findings in the area of the Iower Brda. Probably we encountrr therc traccs of settlement and exchange within the same regionai group m the borderiand. under strong influence of Lusatian communities from the vicin-ity of Chełmno (Bukowski 1998: 358).

The cootacts between the Baltic Sea region and Kuyavia together with Great Połand through tbe borderiand of the Toruń Basin intensified in the early Iron Age The tnain trade route entered Polish grounds through the Moravian Gate. and m south Great Po land dtvided into three branches: along Oder ri ver. towards the kcy passage fforo Great Połand to Pomerania in the vicinity of Czarnków, and to ktnasta and the Vistula meander near Bydgoszcz (Bukowski 1992: 48). The part of H Toruń Basin creating natural Kuyavia-Pomeranian borderiand. i.e. the manłn bonom of the Noteć ice margtnal valley. was avoidcd by participants of flcaiimgr Researchers sotice the leading role Chełmno played in this regard. as the region jooung indirectly Eastem Pomerania with the South. Thercfotc. we should hypothcticaily assumc existence of the wading place across the Yistula. south from the Brda confluence. on the linę of the Lusatian stronghold in Kamic-aiac k wauid constitute a link between the strongholds in Kuyavia and fortified I jnarian scttlements localed on the right bank of thc Iower Vistula (Bukowski 1998: 359. Niesiołow ska-Wędzka 1989, Fig. 27). At least a part of the numerous hoards of ima products dates to the Hallstatt period from the Bydgoszcz region tnav bc the tracę of such location of interregional contact zonę (Dygaszewicz 1994:17-39).

Fi*. 5. The iMinlcrlnnd bolWeon Kuynvin and Pomerania in llic aren ofjhc Luutian cullurc al Ilia lum ofihc Bronze Ago and ihc early Iron Agt willi marhed aelilemenl poima, conieleriea and pratumed pooaoa