Czasowniki posiłkowe (Auxiliary Verbs) w zwrotach o konstrukcji : So do I, neither (nor) do I

Niektóre czasowniki, np. have, do, be mają dwa użycia:

zwyczajne (np. have - mieć, do - robić, be - być)

jako czasowniki posiłkowe służą do tworzenia czasów, np. Present Continuous, Present Perfect, oraz jako operatory do zadawania pytań i tworzenia pytań, np. w Simple Present.

Czasowniki posiłkowe (Auxiliary Verbs) -

be, can, do, have, must, ought, should (ze wszystkimi swoimi formami)

W zwrotach typu:

so + czasownik posiłkowy + zaimek lub rzeczownik,

oraz

neither (nor) + czasownik posiłkowy + zaimek lub rzeczownik

czasownik posiłkowy zastępuje całe orzeczenie poprzedzającego zdania,

wyraz so - odpowiada polskiemu "także"

a wyraz neither lub nor - polskiemu "także nie"

np. Mary likes modern painting. So do I.

Mary lubi współczesne malarstwo. Ja także. (lubię współczesne malarstwo)

The Browns can't speak French. Neither (nor) can we.

She has got a lot of friends. So has Alan.

W czasie Present Simple stosujemy czasownik posiłkowy w formie do / does, a w czasie Simple Past - w formie did,itd., np.:

We often go to that cafe. So do they.

Często chodzimy do tamtej kawiarni. Oni także.

I don't like brandy. Neither (nor) does my husband.

Nie lubię brandy. Mój mąż także nie.

I met John during the war. So did Mary.

Your daughter didn't tell you the truth. Neither (nor) did your son.

Należy zwrócić uwagę na odwrócony szyk zdania (inwersję) w tego typu konstrukcji gramatycznej.

Ćwiczenia:

Uzupełnij wg wzoru :

I' m feeling tired. So am I. I don't like eggs. Neither do I.

I need a holiday. .........................

I don't like milk. .........................

I couldn't get up this morning. .........................

I'd love a cup of tea .........................

I've never been to Africa. .........................

I was ill yesterday. .........................

I should smoke less. .........................

I spent the whole evening watching TV. .........................

I didn't know that Ann was in hospital. .........................

Uzupełnij:

My father lives in New York. (mother) ..................................

Henry didn't learn French at school. .(Mary).................................

I won't be here tomorrow. (he) ..................................

Apples keep you healthy. (oranges) ..................................

February is a cold month. (January) ..................................

Carrots aren't expensive. (potatoes) ..................................

Lucy never drinks coffee at night, (Robert) ..................................

I won't be here tomorrow. (my wife) ..................................

Byron was an English poet. (Shakespeare) ..................................

He shouldn't smoke so much. (you) ..................................

Henry can play the guitar. (Richard) ..................................

Alan hasn't had a letter from Jane for a week. (Patric) ..................................

Rose won't be a good actress. (Lucy) ..................................

The manager likes efficient workers. (the director) ..................................

The Joneses travelled a lot last summer. (we) ..................................

First year students must do a lot of reading. (second year student) ............................................

Ułóż zdania, które mogłyby poprzedzać poniżej podane wypowiedzi :

.................................................................... So must I.

.................................................................... Neither does his wife.

....................................................................So does everybody.

....................................................................Neither should you.

....................................................................So will all of us.

....................................................................So ought you.

....................................................................Neither did the others.

....................................................................So can I.

....................................................................Neither have we.

....................................................................So am I.

....................................................................So must you.

....................................................................Neither do the children.

....................................................................So is my son.

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