65628 lingwistyka

Groch

(the world is visible)

Nowy obiekt Dokument tekstowy (3)

COMPETENCE: a persons internalised knowledge of a lg. idelised speaker/hearer having a complete knov/ledge of a lg.

” PERFORMANCE: actual use of a lg. by aft individual in speech or writing (performance factors: memory limitations, fatigue, recursiveness)

LANGUAGE UNIVERSAL: a language pattern or phenomenon which occurs in all known languages    «

CREATIYITY: novel utterances (produced or heard)

EXEMPLARY TRANSFORMATIONS:

1. ADJ. Movemnet and BE Deletion T. :

God (God is invisible) created the World

YP

NP * fc*. w»H«A

2. RELATIVE T. :

The boy (The boy ate the pie) is sad

YP

/ X

M'\

3. COMPLEMENTATION:

. , » y A**-

The argument (that Columbus discovered America) is false.

4. EQUI NP Del.T.:

John wants (it) Sally go John wants (it) John go ₀.....

5. PRONOMINALISATION/NOMINALISATION/CONJUNCTION ETC.    ^°

obligatory - optional transfomations (Q, Neg, Pass...) ordering of transformations (you+wash+you)

CASE GRAMMAR (Ch. Fillmore) [deep cases] p. 125

Eenelope (AG) deflated my spirit (O./PAT) with her denial(I)

Her denial (INST) deflated my spirit (Obj./PAT).

My spirit (Subj./PAT) deflated.

GENERATIVE SEMANTICS (MC CAWLEY, LAKOFF)

a reaction to Chomsky's syntactic-based TGG; it considers that all sentences are generated from a semantic structure expressed

in a form of a proposition (similar to logical propositions)

Strona 6