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A number of medical milestones have recently been reached, with antibody tests approved, phase \\l\\\ vaccine trials starting, and Iow cost medicines proving effective at reducing deaths

te	A Medical interventions
Tests and treatments to stop the spread
V	and cure the sick

What forms of testing are now approved and how are they used?

How can vaccines prove efficacy when infections are Iow?

A rangę of antibody tests, most prominently by Roche and by Abbot, are now approved for use in Europę, having been shown to be highly specific (i.e., few false negatives), and sufficiently accurate

These tests can complement PCR tests to ensure that the people’s infection of COVID-19 can be identified before, during and after symptoms

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Phase II / III vaccine trials have begun in Europę, but may face difficulty in proving efficacy given the Iow level of current infection. Challenger trials, where subjects are deliberately exposed to the virus, have been proposed but raise serious ethical guestions

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Outside vaccine development, Dexamethasone, a Iow cost steroid used to reduce inflammation, has proven effective at reducing deaths in severely ill patients of COVID-19 that reguire respiratory support

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Dexamethasone is generic and very cheap, making it straightforward to deploy widely and of considerable benefit in Iow income nations where patented drugs are too expensive

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