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b)    Vertical distance from water (river or lakę) is a very important matter too, sińce the costs of pumping water to the factory remarkably burden its production. The location of cellulose plant in Swiecie on the Vistula River, opposite Chełmno, was strictly connected with a similar fact.

c)    A hypsometric analysis of area between existing railway-line and the place of postulated location of a new factory can inform us, whether a railway-siding across this area could be traced or not. Exactly in such a manner, a proposition of founding a great electric plant on the Wdzydze Lakę was abolished. It was later localized on the banks of the Brda River in Koronowo, near Bydgoszcz.

d)    A very close connection links numerous sewer systems, especially of gravitation type, with land relief and its inclination. The sewer-irrigated fields in Bydgoszcz, Inowrocław and Koronowo (under con-struction now) are in some way subjected to the hypsometrical features of the environment.

e)    When a dam on a river is being constructed we must take into consideration not only the geological character of the ground, but also the oblong and diagonal profiles of the river valley. Upon these facts a great part of costs of the whole investition is depending, as well as size of losses caused by the inundation. Such analysis had been carried out, before the construction of great dams on the Vistula and Brda rivers has begun.

f)    Outwash plains (sanders) and fiat moraine plateaux are the best grounds for building airfields and aerodromes.

2.    Tracing of linear objects of investment, with different kinds of communication at the head.

a)    Crossing of river and glacial meltwater-river valleys by aid of bridges, dikes and earth-walls; availing of erosional side-cuts, slide niches and slide tongues; avoiding of former river beds with ox-bow lakes, flood plains with peat-bogs and steepy slopes-all these are important elements of analysis when tracing a new road or railway-line.

b)    Construction of navigation as well as irrigation canals is closely connected with avoiding all possible ground elevations. On the other hand we endeavour to make use of glacial meltwater-river valleys and subglacial channels to spare big earth-works. The so called lateral-c a n a 1 of the hydroenergetic plant in Koronowo makes use of a row of subglacial channellakes.

3.    A great attention is paid in agriculture to a proper preservation of the slopes against different kinds of soil-erosion. In this purpose, inter alia, special ploughing, prohibition of pasture, afforestations and so on, are being applied.

II. The geomorphological maps may also be used as an approximative source of information, concerning minerał structure of the outermost earth-layer and spread of raw materials, such as: sands, gravels, loams, clays and peats.

1. Raw materials connected with landforms produced by the deposi-tional activity of inland ice and glacial meltwaters, as well as with postglacial landforms of aeolian and humid climate origin.

a) Upon the whole territory of the Polish Lowland the brick-kiln industry is exploiting vast layers of morainic clays and so called striped loams (varves) from bottom plains of former glacial lakes.

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