4831621677

4831621677



94

Figurę 4.3 Chemical characteristics of ceramic raw materials and calamine

tailings.

4.3.3 Mineralogical composition of tlie unfired and fired samples

Based on XRD analysis (Figurę 4.4),gypsum (CaS04.2H20) is theniain minerał in the calamine tailings; it is associated with some impurities of ąuartz (Si02) and calcite (CaC03). Bassanite (2CaS04.(H20)) is observ*ed in the case of CPMT. According to the Chemical composition analysis and their high amount (e.g., iron oxides/hydroxides (13.5 wt.%), otlier minerals were predicted but did not appear in the X-ray powder diffraction pattem; tłiis suggests that the iron oxides/hydroxides are in the form of amorphous minerals undetectable by XRD. This finding is supported by SEM-EDS analysis (Figurę 4.5) which liighliglits the presence of two types of iron hydroxides. Tlie first one is an iron-rich spheroid grain phase which could be amorphous, with a composition close to wustite one. The second fonn has a lower iron content (67 wt.%),



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