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chological factor influenced by nomadism as well as further the whole of the culture and beliefs. Passing to organisational problems the author on the basis of an analysis of the materiał relating to the Tuaregs, Australians, Pigmies, Yakouts, and Eskimoes, comes to the conclusion that in a variable degree and diverse way, dependent upon the accompaying circumstances and culture, nomadism exercises a dissociative and not associative influence on larger groups. Larger groups (e. g. with the Tuaregs) are divided because the environment prevents the formation of greater agglomerations. Smali groups are often separated by quite consider-able distances. The indiyidual organisational segments of nomadic tribes are found in morę or less freąuent but repeated migrations. The distance and the migrational way of life exercise an asso-eiatiye influence when smali independent groups are concerned, but a dissociative influence with regard to higher groups. By the way of living itself independence in relation to the central authorities is guaranteed to the nomads.

Authority as well as the subjects are in constant motion. Hence the tribal executive is insignificant or does not exist at all. In some groups of herdsmen (Tuaregs) we already see a strati-fied society — authority and privileges belong above all to the nobility. But again the subject groups are guaranteed independence by their migrations. Hence higher groups are little cohesive, in the nomadic groups the central authority over families or clans is slight, or is formed sporadically, and in groups of a higher cultural level almost powerless. Nomadism therefore exercises as a rule a dissociatiye and not associatiye influence. It is only in action of conąuest that the nomads are able to create a State or higher groups, which is done through an intermixture with the settled group. Almost as a rule the desert tribes conąuer the rich and populous cities and little states of the borders, and morę rarely the reverse process is met. The wealth of these centres in contrast with the poverty of the nomads forms the cause and psychical attraction — the desert cannot give such moments. In connection with herding we finally find the first beginnings of slayery. A mild form of slayery is also connected with nomadism and the system of production. — Further the author discusses the influence of nomadism on the forms of family organisation. The majority of investigators connect patriarchate with nomadism,