!"!#$%$%&''()%$%!
#' *+($,%&%$%*#!
'#%!-.
2304563(+7234+745374+7
(06238249+)2&774+78(3
( ( :" "7
* *6""#" " "7
"*' " " 9 ""#
" # "2 "#"2 " !: 6+
* *#: 9 ""#*#"
#"6
-"9 "# ""2J+ 9 7
! "2 ": "" "
*# " *:J"7
9 # "2 !: #
" ( "" " 6$#2 * 7
" : " #
"! :9
"# " J 2 " #" 7
" "##2 #J *"7
#2 " "" " "7
" "#" 6 * 9 ":7
"2J " " *" " 7
6 " *"# 9 U
3" ""2J 9 " " *#
" "'9 J
*!! 9" * :
" #9 +" "#"G # 7
H 9 ! "9 * :"7
#9" G"* "H 9! * :
"#!" #6 " U%:
6- :*" *2 "
*"2 " !"# *:
#"J G " H6
=E
"*J"9! 9 """# * :7
" 6- "#: " 9"J" "7
9 "#" 2 9: ""
: "" 9 9 9 *6
) " # "#: " 7
99 *9 "9 " " " #"7
J ""# " !
" # ! #"9J6
NIEPOROZUMIENIE NR 1:
JEST TYLKO JEDEN RODZAJ WZROSTU
) 2" 9J : " " "
" ""2 "# 67
9 "" 6
01
'
#"$$ '% A
"$$ ')$ B C
*"$$ '+$
=Q
8 *" !* J : #* !
0 1
$* *
-! ./ 0" '" "" "7
# # " " "
" " " !
"2 960"2 " " "#" !'7
! ": L " " :""
"' """( A=67 "":6+"9 7
" "" " "G"2" H 7
G"2" !H " :" 2* 9" 9 "7
"2" "6
/ & " ! : G7
H " 9 : *"2J:!7
" * # *"2J * *7
6
/ 1 " " "6 "7
" #" ( "/ 02 "97
" ' "2 " #"" " " " " ""
# # "( "J* " " "6%2 '7
" "" *
" "*99!""#9#2 96-7
" * " " "6-7
" *" " 9 7
!""#" " "9 *:'*" "< "7
C *2 ": :" J6%"
' ' "(* 2 9#""7
9G: H"" " " : "6
" : " " "" "" 7
# # "2 ! !#*7
! "#: ( ' 96+" 9
" " "" "!: " < 6
" C9 *: 9" " < "7
" C !"*! 6' " 9"7
9 " " "" 7
" " "2"# "2 9:"7
=>
!"*! "2
#*9 * "#" 99 " " "6&7
*" !" *" "
!" ( 6
! 3" " " # " " #"" 7
9 " " * 9" "6.
"" " "9@V" # @?
" #"2J * " " " 9
" " ""2!: " 7" ""7
" "9 BV" "=Q =AVD
"O6- "" " "9"=V
" 9 9 " "
" " # "" " " "2"9"7
* """"E?6
02
4#
A?
0 1
$* *
+" " "" "' "
" J" " "
" ! 9"9 *" "2
</ 0C6 " : *"2 " "9J "
*" " ' 6
"" #"" "2 9
" "6
*" " J*2 " " J
"* " "6 "2J "" "7
" J !" " ! 7
" " " " 99 !" # J:
: 6 : D# D" " 7
J" "9 " *6+"" *
# "": " "#": "
!" "" " *"2J :" 7
!" 6 "9" "" ""
" "2 J : 7
" #* "2J#": "
G" "H: 6+""" ": "#J
" # 9"2J#": =>QB""" #" RR?2 7
" #""
1
6
- ": "2J# " """ 9 "*
"' L
*9 "#"2 " " !
" <"" # C ""' RV "
"=EB?#(J*"" 6
%=>>?"# " 9 " "2J>Q?
!6+" "9BV": #**J
: =R?@" 2 "=>>? # " 7
! *"" #AA??""!"
*:"
2
6
+ : * "2 9" " 7
99 " <!"J#=7" " C 9: "
A=
15&33673893#&#+4:ƶ:6 8$38;9:+
+3 / #: 4
" 6, " * : 9 " "7
" " "!: " D
": " " 2JD 9 " 96 *
" "2J " " ": "2J " 7
"9 "2 " 9J
"#6
" "# ! " "7
*!" #<""7
"2" " ! " "7
C"* 2 J "" 65
66%"# ! " " <" "
"" ! # *C " 9 *7
" " """ " " 7
" * !" " 9"9
" ! 2"" "6
0" 9 "# " "" ! " "2 7
9 9 " " D" "
' D"#" J "
" "" " " ' "7
*/ 06" "#9 "
! # * "# 6
%9:9 * "2" !
3 9:6
NIEPOROZUMIENIE NR 2: ODSETKI P£ACIMY TYLKO WTEDY,
GDY ZACI¥GAMY PO¯YCZKÊ PIENIʯN¥
" " "2 " ""#' " "7
! " " " ! " 7
*: " : : ! *2" "6%*7
"2J * : " " 97
":*# " 9": J": 7
* # JJ" 6! 6 :
* : : " 9
9:" 6," " "
AA
0 1
$* *
03
' # #
#
1. Op³aty za wywóz mieci
4*5 %657819:3
55 8 8 *::;
<= *12;
,** 11> ?19@/#
2. Koszty wody pitnej
Na przyk³adzie dostaw wody w pó³nocnych Niemczech, 1981
A. Koszty energii
B. Koszty utrzymania zak³adu
C. Kost uzdatniania wody
D. Koszty sta³e i koszty pracy
E. Amortyzacja
F. Koszt odsetek od kapita³u
Cena za m szec.: 136 DM
3. Koszt korzystania z systemu kanalizacji miejskiej
Na przyk³adzie Akwizgranu, 1983
A. Koszty sta³e
B. Koszty pracy
C. Amortyzacja
D. Koszt odsetek od kapita³u
Cena za m szec.: 1,87 DM
4. Koszt czynszu w budownictwie komunalnym
Obliczenia Federalnego Biura Statystycznego, 1979
A. Ryzyko oraz zysk
B. Koszty bie¿¹ce i administracyjne
C. Koszty utrzymania budynku
D. Amortyzacja
E. Koszt odsetek od kapita³u
Czynsz za m kw.: 13,40 DM
A@
!# # !"
: : " ""2 " "63"7
" !"#2 ":7
" 6," " " !< *" !C
"! 2 " :=AV6%" 7
" " " " :
""2J 9" 9 7
""#" !6F 9:
" # '
!" !" " " ! """ 7
":@QREV6 : ""2" " !
"#" 99! " 6#" " "*
EEV6 *2 "@?DB?V" 7
" ! " !#" # ! "7
:6
$#2 "' " J "" 7
9J2 ! " 7
9J"# 9 " *7
"2J #*""" *#"# :#7
" J : "# """
#J :6
NIEPOROZUMIENIE NR 3: OBECNY SYSTEM MONETARNY
S£U¯Y WSZYSTKIM W TYM SAMYM STOPNIU
#* "#: " *:7
"": #'"" J *9"" ::
J" "9 *!": # " !
#" # "## "" ::"7
" "* 9 "9 # "7
# " * "# <#
L C 9"# *: 6." :
96% "" : "*
9 9"' "
96
AR
0 1
$* *
0@
' #
A* %*% *
628B %*7
,* )C2D>/#619:27
6C * * 7
Odsetki :
*zap³acone
*uzyskane
Bilans
A /#% *
AB
,* CB8B;
/*!/"!* / / !
/" / // !!/
///*/"< "<
! 8 " < C" "7
!"!"" " "=? " !
" * # "2: " !"!"" "
" ! 0&-6%" : Q?V" 7
( * * '" " :!"7
W =?V" ! " * :"
J " =?V" """ * * " :
!60: " " #"9 **2J
* 9" Q?V" ( 6
" "2 "#" "D#J": :
D ! #"! 9 #"7
# ! #:6) : " *
=?7" " *2" ( ""
9 "!" !" : "
!" " " "6" " 7
: 9 "*=V" ( 7
9 ' "!"" ##J *7
"" : " "? =VD" " 7
:6
*" " ! # 9
"# 9 "# " "7
' 9 #* 9"9
' ! 99' : 9
J' " " " " <6 *"
C ""D" 9
#*9 " " "" 7
" 6% "#D"" "D 9 7
! 9" :"7
#9 " *! 9" * * :
"# """ !" #6
*""" 9 "#
' " 9 ' 9'"9 " 97
#" "" J6N 9 " * 7
AO
0 1
$* *
' *" 9"L" "2" 6) "
"" " ' " ":
"J * "J * " 9 "2J
" 96) " "2" " *"7
"" * ' "# 9" W
"*2 * 9 ' " 6
3# ! ' """ " "7
9" "<" "2" "7
C " " " L : 6
!" "2J '" "" * : " *7
"2 *" " 9 *!"
# " #'63=>Q?"" "2 "
*: ! " " 6%-"7
)"" ! "
" "=>Q?"=>QO"=Q " "B?
3
6% N 4 " " '7
" "99 " "2 " *
=BDA?7" "2J " "' ! 2 7
" " " "
4
6
! " " " "2"7
" ":" " " * *" 9""7
" """ ""2 9 :
G H ! ""
" " *"2 6) : #" " 7
" "# " " "*"
" !G2 " !H 9 "
D " ": 9* JD" 7
! " =?V" (7
* GH : 9
*" " " ""!Q?V" (7
"" "" : ""
: 996
AE
" ":#G"H" """ Q?V"7
( * "# 9 " 7
"2J " "" "' !7
9! " 6 D#*" " J
! 6D:# 9" " ( "7
"2J"" " "" 9 W :9 *
9"' "!" "
"# 6
! 9 :
0B
EF ?G$8* 0* F <"% 8
AQ
""# * 9J " : "# "
0 1
$* *
NIEPOROZUMIENIE NR 4: INFLACJA JEST INTEGRALN¥
CZÊCI¥ KA¯DEGO SYSTEMU MONETARNEGO
" #* ": "" '
""6 *"2 ' *
#J2 * " : 2
"""" " " " 7
*" # '6! ;9" : ! L 7
""" " 0&- " "
""9 2 9 '96+"
( ' " " "" #" 7
" " " "=>OQ"=>QA"
* " <"@??VC ""#9: (
"!" " " "7
" <"==O?VC6%L * * *9 7
" " !" 9 ""! ""7
!# :"!" " 2 L " 7
J"2 " ( ! "" 7
" " !6
) : " "* 9"
:"2 " "#" " 7
" "" : #"" *!""#6
+"# : "#" *2J"7
"!""# 9 "#" 99
" "' LJ " *
!""#*6"!#" # "J"7
" " " "6
. ' "2 "" '"
""" :99" "2" "
"" "L ! " 9!: (6
* *9 : 6 #* '#J
* * 9"! "" 6
09 "9 " J " : 7
# " " " *6! <
A>
"2 <C " "
=>B?"=>QB"6 " '
" " "9"" J G"" ! 7
'*H""2! ! : ! !
"" J" " ( " 7
:!"!"!6
" " " )"! F6 " *2 " 97
"* '9" G ( "#"7
" "H6%2 Q =>QQ" "
G"! 9" 7
! " " : " :
" :GH : "" W
2 !": "9 7
6 *J " , 7
* ! " =?V7" " >??"7
" 9" 9 "
"" "" RV7" "" " 7
2 " '6) : 7
"" <" " 6 "C 97
* 2 "#
6#" J " J*" "# 7
0H
% 7 3=
*
*% %
*
= 8
*
/% )% *
@?
" "' " ""* 6H
0 1
$* *
- " !@@ # "7
,"=???V " **2J #7
: "" "# !6,:" !2" 97
" ! # " "#J 9" *
" "" " # " " !" 7
! ! "
" #" ! ""
"" " !
# 6% "( "
" : "#": #""
"" " J *2" ( "2 7
6+" " "" # " """ 7
" 9:9 " 2 " 9 '
" " ""9
2 :" 6
F # 9 *"# "#J
9" * ""6. '" * 7
"2J" ""L " !
" "2"" 6
% * # 7
' " ! " 9J #
"# 96
3 9 :!"" "2! "7
J " '6, "7
# " !< 6 " '" 7
"C #" # " < !
N "%!"C"9 " ""7
J '" 6) : " ! !
"9 " " # !"
" " 9 '"# * 7
! " " ""# "# 9
" " 6
$%
@=