XVII - 1

0RGXá

GWARANCJE W TRANSAKCJACH
=:, =$1<&+ = 75$16)(5(0
7(&+12/2*,,

: QLQLHMV]\P PRGXOH RPyZLRQR JZDUDQFMH ]ZL ]DQH
] RNUH ORQ\PL XPRZDPL WUDQVIHUX WHFKQRORJLL
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U NRMPLDFK ] NWyU\FK PR*H VNRU]\VWDü OLFHQFMRGDZFD
SRGF]DV WUDQVIHUX ZáDVQR FL SU]HP\VáRZHM
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GRW\F] F\FK OLFHQFML QD NQRZ KRZ : PRGXOH
Z\V]F]HJyOQLRQR GOD ND*GHJR URG]DMX XPRZ\ F] VWR
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Z XPRZDFK : FHODFK SRUyZQDZF]\FK RSLVDQR NUyWNR
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SUDZQ\P JZDUDQFML L LFK SR]\FM Z Uy*Q\FK V\VWHPDFK
SUDZQ\FK

XVII - 2

6SLV WUH FL

Wprowadzenie ..........................................................................................................................3

Formy transferu technologii ..............................................................................................4

5y*QLFD SRPL G]\ U NRMPL D JZDUDQFM

=QDF]HQLH U NRMPL L JZDUDQFML Z QLQLHMV]\P PRGXOH

5 NRMPLH Z Uy*Q\FK URG]DMDFK XPyZ OLFHQF\MQ\FK

5 NRMPLH Z Uy*Q\FK V\VWHPDFK SUDZQ\FK

(OHPHQW U\]\ND Z XPRZDFK WUDQVIHUX WHFKQRORJLL

5 NRMPLH Z XPRZDFK OLFHQF\MQ\FK QD SU]HND]DQLH SUDZ GR SDWHQWX

Status prawny patentów ....................................................................................................7

Techniczne PR*OLZR FL ]DVWRVRZDQLD L X*\WHF]QR ü SDWHQWX

0R*OLZR ü NRPHUF\MQHJR Z\NRU]\VWDQLD SDWHQWX

1DUXV]HQLH SUDZ VWURQ\ WU]HFLHM

.ODX]XOH U NRMPL Z PRGHODFK X*\WNRZ\FK

5 NRMPLH Z XPRZDFK OLFHQFML NQRZ KRZ

*ZDUDQFMH GRNáDGQR FL L NRPSOHWQR FL

5 NRMPLH VWRSQLD UR]ZRMX WHFKQRORJLF]QHJR

$GHNZDWQR ü L RGSRZLHGQLR ü GOD RNUH ORQHM SURGXNFML

1DUXV]HQLH SUDZ SU]H] VWURQ\ WU]HFLH

*ZDUDQFMD Z\QLNyZ

*ZDUDQFMH QLHQDUXV]HQLD SUDZ

8VWDOHQLD GRW\F] FH ]DFKRZDQLD WDMHPQLF\

*ZDUDQFMH L U NRMPLH Z XPRZDFK OLFHQFML QD ]QDN WRZDURZ\

Status prawny znaków towarowych................................................................................14

Brak gwarancji efektów ..................................................................................................15

5 NRMPLH L JZDUDQFMH Z LQQ\FK XPRZDFK

5 NRMPLH Z XPRZDFK VSU]HGD*\

*ZDUDQFMH Z XPRZDFK SRG NOXF]

*ZDUDQFMH Z XPRZDFK SURMHNWRZ\FK

5 NRMPLH Z XPRZDFK R SRPRF\ WHFKQLF]QHM

*ZDUDQFMH Z XPRZDFK ]ZL ]DQ\FK ] ]DU] G]DQLHP

*ZDUDQFMH Z XPRZDFK MRLQW YHQWXUH

=Dá F]QLN .ODX]XOH JZDUDQF\MQH VSRW\NDQH F] VWR Z XPRZDFK WUDQVIHUX WHFKQRORJLL

XVII - 3

*:$5$1&-( : 75$16$.&-$&+ =:, =$1<&+

= 75$16)(5(0 7(&+12/2*,,

Wprowadzenie

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WHFKQRORJLL 6WRVRZDQH Z QLP WHUPLQ\ ÄJZDUDQFMD´ L ÄJZDUDQFMH´ REHMPXM ]QDF]HQLRZR
JZDUDQFMH L U NRMPLH

∗

. W przypadku WUDQVIHUX WHFKQRORJLL SU]H] WHFKQRORJL UR]XPLH VL

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/LFHQFMRQRZDQLH MHVW MHGQ ] IRUP XPyZ WUDQVIHUX WHFKQRORJLL *áyZQ\P FHOHP OLFHQFML MHVW
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RQH

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Z SRVWDFL SDWHQWX PRGHOX X*\WNRZHJR

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UyGáD ZáDVQR FL NWyUHM SU]HGPLRWHP MHVW SRVLDGDQLH WHFKQRORJLL

/LFHQFML XG]LHOD RVRERP WU]HFLP ZáD FLFLHO ZáDVQR FL SU]HP\VáRZHM &HOHP OLFHQFML MHVW
XGRVW SQLHQLH SUDZD X*\WNRZDQLD ZLHG]\ GRW\F] FHM RNUH ORQHJR QLHGRVW SQHJR RVL JQL FLD
WHFKQRORJLF]QHJR : SU]\SDGNX SDWHQWyZ PRGHOL X*\WNRZ\FK L ]QDNyZ KDQGORZ\FK SUDZR
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NQRZ KRZ ZLHG]D MHVW QLHGRVW SQD JG\* REM WD MHVW WDMHPQLF

*

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LGHQW\F]QH ]H ]QDF]HQLHP RNUH ORQ\P Z .RGHNVLH F\ZLOQ\P 53 =H Z]JO GX QD Uy*QLF ]QDF]HQLRZ MDNR
WHUPLQ ]ELRUF]\ Z\EUDQR WHUPLQÄJZDUDQFMD´ D QLH ÄU NRMPLD´ MDN Z RU\JLQDOH SU]\S WáXP

XVII - 4

Formy transferu technologii

7HFKQRORJLD PR*H E\ü SU]HQRV]RQD QD SRGVWDZLH XPyZ LQQ\FK QL* XPRZ\ OLFHQF\MQH F]\
WUDQVIHU WHFKQRORJLL

, WDN QD SU]\NáDG SURVWD XPRZD VSU]HGD*\ PDV]\Q\ XPRZD R

GRVWDUF]HQLX VSU] WX DOER XPRZD R SRPRF\ WHFKQLF]QHM PRJ

E\ü QR QLNLHP WUDQVIHUX

WHFKQRORJLL -H*HOL MHGQDN WUDQVIHU WHFKQRORJLL QLH MHVW RNUH ORQ\ MDNR SU]HGPLRW XPRZ\ R
]DRSDWU]HQLX

U NRMPLH L JZDUDQFMH ]ZL ]DQH ] XPRZ

E G

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RERZL ]XM F\PL SU]\ WUDQVDNFML VSU]HGD*\ QLH SUDZDPL U] G] F\PL WUDQVDNFMDPL WUDQVIHUX
WHFKQRORJLL 3RGREQD V\WXDFMD PR*H ]DLVWQLHü Z SU]\SDGNX XPRZ\ R SRPRF\ WHFKQLF]QHM
JG]LH QS PR*H QLH E\ü *DGQHM U NRMPL GRW\F] FHM WUDQVIHUX WHFKQRORJLL : WDNLHM XPRZLH
WUDQVIHU WHFKQRORJLL PR*H E\ü X]QDQ\ MHG\QLH ]D GUXJRU] GQ\ ZREHF Z\NRU]\VWDQLD XU] G]H
PHFKDQLF]Q\FK

5y*QLFD SRPL G]\ U NRMPL D JZDUDQFM

Angielski wyraz warranty, R]QDF]DM F\ U NRMPL

MDNR WHUPLQ ELHU]H VZRMH SRF] WNL ] SUDZD

]Z\F]DMRZHJR :LHONLHM %U\WDQLL L X*\ZDQ\ MHVW GR G]LVLDM Z SD VWZDFK NWyU\FK V\VWHP
SUDZQ\ RSDUW\ MHVW QD SUDZLH ]Z\F]DMRZ\P -HVW WR RELHWQLFD Z\QLNDM FD ] XPRZ\ 8ZD*D
VL

*

H RVRED VNáDGDM FD RELHWQLF SRGHMPXMH ]RERZL ]DQLH XPRZQH Z SU]HFLZLH VWZLH GR

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L VWRVRZDQLD PQLHM U\JRU\VW\F]Q\FK

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JZDUDQFM SU]\MPXMH QD VLHELH FDáNRZLW RGSRZLHG]LDOQR ü ]D ]áR*RQH SU]H] QL ]DSHZQLHQLD

&KRFLD* U NRMPLH PDM GáXJ KLVWRUL Z EU\W\MVNLP SUDZLH ]Z\F]DMRZ\P ZVSyáF]HVQD LGHD
U NRMPL QDMOHSLHM Z\UD*D VL

Z EU\W\MVNLHM 8VWDZLH R 6SU]HGD*\ 'yEU ]

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Ä5 NRMPLD´ L ÄZDUXQNL´ V

X*\ZDQH QLH]DOH*QLH 5 NRMPLH V

SU]\U]HF]HQLDPL PQLHM

ZD*Q\PL QL* ZDUXQNL -DN VWDQRZL 8VWDZD U NRMPLH GDM

SUDZR GRFKRG]HQLD URV]F]H

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OXE MHJR UR]ZL ]DQLD = GUXJLHM VWURQ\ MHGQDN ZDUXQNL V WHUPLQHP NRQWUDNWRZ\P RG NWyUHJR
]DOH*\ NRQWUDNW

1D SU]\NáDG NRQWUDNW PR*H ]DZLHUDü RNUH ORQ\ ZDUXQHN VWZLHUG]DM F\ *H SUDZR ZáDVQR FL
QLH ]RVWDQLH SU]HQLHVLRQH GR PRPHQWX XLV]F]HQLD RSáDW\ : WDNLP SU]\SDGNX RSáDWD MHVW
ZDUXQNLHP XPRZ\ 3RGREQLH MH*HOL GRVWDUF]RQH GREUD QLH RGSRZLDGDM RSLVRZL ]DZDUWHPX
Z XPRZLH NXSXM F\ PR*H RGPyZLü LFK SU]\M FLD 1LHNWyUH ] WDNLFK ZDUXQNyZ VWDá\ VL
ZDUXQNDPL GRP\ OQ\PL -H*HOL ZDUXQHN QLH ]RVWDQLH VSHáQLRQ\ NRQWUDNW PR*H ]RVWDü
XQLHZD*QLRQ\ 1DOH*\ MHGQDN ]DXZD*\ü *H VWURQ\ PDM SUDZR GR Z\á F]HQLD ZDUXQNX ]
XPRZ\ OXE ]PRG\ILNRZDQLD JR

: NRQVHNZHQFML SUDZR EU\W\MVNLH QLH Z\NRU]\VWXMH WHUPLQX JZDUDQFMD Z FHOX RNUH OHQLD
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]DEH]SLHF]HQLD

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XVII - 5

RGSRZLHG]LDOQR FL SUDZQHM Z SU]\SDGNX JG\ NUHG\WRELRUFD QLH Z\ZL *H VL ] RERZL ]NX
VSáDW\ GáXJX 8PRZD SRPL G]\ NUHG\WRGDZF L JZDUDQWHP QD]\ZD VL

XPRZ JZDUDQFML

: KDQGOX PL G]\QDURGRZ\P XPRZD JZDUDQFML F] VWR SU]\MPXMH LQQH ]QDF]HQLH D GRNáDGQLH
]QDF]HQLH SRGM FLD VL

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JZDUDQFML

QLH

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F] VWR

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: QLQLHMV]\P PRGXOH WHUPLQ JZDUDQFMD JZDUDQFMH REHMPXM

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]QDF]HQLD

: QLHPLHFNLHM SUDNW\FH SUDZQHM D QLHNLHG\ WDN*H ZH ZVSyáF]HVQHM SUDNW\FH EU\W\MVNLHM L
DPHU\ND VNLHM WHUPLQ JZDUDQFMD X*\ZDQ\ MHVW GR RSLVDQLD SRM FLD XNU\ZDM FHJR VL SRG
francuskim terminem la garantie lub niemieckim Gewährleistung. Francuski termin garantie,
tak jak force majeure ]QDOD]á V]HURNLH ]DVWRVRZDQLH Z KDQGOX PL G]\QDURGRZ\P = KDQGOX
PL G]\QDURGRZHJR WHUPLQ\ WH SU]HFKRG] GR FRG]LHQQHJR X*\WNX Z Uy*Q\FK M ]\NDFK

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SRZ\*HM SRPL G]\ U NRMPL L ZDUXQNDPL QLH E G]LH ZVND]DQD Uy*QLFD SRPLPR LVWQLHQLD
WDNLHM Uy*QLFD Z SUDZLH EU\W\MVNLP -H*HOL Z\NRU]\VWXMH VL WHUPLQ ÄJZDUDQFMD´ QLH VWRVXMH
VL JR GR R]QDF]HQLD JZDUDQFML EDQNRZHM F]\ SRU NL -H*HOL QLH MHVW WR RNUH ORQH LQDF]HM
RE\GZD WHUPLQ\ E G

VWRVRZDQH ]DPLHQQLH L E G

PLDá\ ]QDF]HQLH WDNLH MDNLH PDM

Z

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XPyZ VSU]HGD*\ OHF] XPyZ OLFHQF\MQ\FK QLH RGQRVL VL GR VSU]HGDM F\FK L NXSXM F\FK DOH
OLFHQFMRGDZFyZ L OLFHQFMRELRUFyZ 3RGREQLH XPRZ\ OLFHQF\MQH QLH GRW\F]

U NRMPL F]\

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WUDQVIHURZDQHM WHFKQRORJLL

5 NRMPLH Z Uy*Q\FK URG]DMDFK XPyZ OLFHQF\MQ\FK

1LH ZV]\VWNLH XPRZ\ OLFHQF\MQH PDM WDNLH VDPH SRVWDQRZLHQLD GRW\F] FH U NRMPL ,VWQLHM
FR SUDZGD SRGRELH VWZD SRPL G]\ XPRZDPL OHF] V UyZQLH* ZD*QH Uy*QLFH PL G]\ QLPL
5y*QLFH Z\QLNDM ] Uy*QHJR FKDUDNWHUX PHULWXP UHJXORZDQHJR ND*G ] XPyZ 1D SU]\NáDG
ZáD FLFLHO SDWHQWX QLH E G]LH ]DSHZQLDá OLFHQFMRELRUFRP WDNLFK VDP\FK U NRMPL MDN ZáD FLFLHO
]QDNX KDQGORZHJR OXE NQRZ KRZ = WHJR SRZRGX ]DSLV\ GRW\F] FH U NRMPL Z XPRZDFK R
OLFHQFML QD SDWHQW

]QDN KDQGORZ\ L NQRZ KRZ PXV]

E\ü UR]SDWU\ZDQH RVREQR

:

QLQLHMV]\P PRGXOH ]RVWDQLH SRGM WD SUyED RNUH OHQLD W\FK Uy*QLF L SRGRELH VWZ

&R ZL FHM VWURQ\ XPRZ\ OLFHQF\MQHM PRJ QDGDü ]DSLVRP GRW\F] F\P JZDUDQFML WDN IRUP
MDN

VRELH *\F]

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E\ü RJUDQLF]RQH W\ONR ZyZF]DV

JG\ LVWQLHM

RERZL ]NRZH

]DSLV\

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:

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V\VWHPDFK

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LVWQLHMH

W\ONR

NLOND

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WHFKQRORJLL ]DWHP WR RG VWURQ XPRZ\ ]DOH*\ QDMF] FLHM Z\]QDF]HQLH VWDQGDUGyZ RF]HNLZD
L U\]\ND ]DZDUWHJR Z GDQHM XPRZLH

1LH R]QDF]D WR *H VWURQ\ XPRZ\ SRZLQQ\ X]JDGQLDü MDN NROZLHN RNUH ORQ IRUP U NRMPL
=DNáDGD VL

MHGQDN*H *H VWURQ\ XPyZ WUDQVIHUX WHFKQRORJLL SUDJQ

RVL JQ ü Z]JO GQ

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L VSUDZLHGOLZ IRUP ]DSLVyZ R U NRMPL 'HILQLFMD VSUDZLHGOLZHM IRUP\ MHVW QLHMHGQRNURWQLH

XVII - 6

Uy*QD L ]DOH*\ RG ZLHOX ]PLHQQ\FK WDNLFK MDN ]DSLV\ R Z\QDJURG]HQLX ]DVWRVRZDQLH
WHU\WRULDOQH L SU]\JRWRZDQLH WHFKQLF]QH

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DUELWUD*RZ\

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SU]\M áE\ LFK GHF\]M

R QLH

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ZáD FLZHJR GOD VSUDZ\ SUDZD Z FHOX UR]VWU]\JQL FLD MDNLFKNROZLHN ]DJDGQLH QLH ]DSLVDQ\FK
Z XPRZLH

5 NRMPLH Z Uy*Q\FK V\VWHPDFK SUDZQ\FK

:LHOH SD VWZ Z\SUDFRZDáR SUDZD L UHJXODFMH SUDZQH Z W\P GHF\]MH V GRZH L SUHFHGHQV\
NWyUH á F]QLH WZRU]

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NUDMRZHJR V\VWHPX SUDZQHJR

RGSRZLHG]L GRW\F] FH SRV]F]HJyOQ\FK ]DJDGQLH

L LFK

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XVWDOHQLX ]DNUHVX U NRMPL REHMPXM FHM SU]HQLHVLRQ WHFKQRORJL

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Umowy transferu technologii (umowy licencyjnej na patent, na znak handlowy i know-how)
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OLFHQF\MQHM &R ZL FHM ZH ZVSyáF]HVQHM NRQNXUHQFML JOREDOQHM JG]LH RGOHJáD OHF] ]QDQD
QD]ZD OXE PDUND PR*H ]ZL NV]\ü VSU]HGD* SRZ\*HM ZV]HONLFK RF]HNLZD

]QDNL WRZDURZH

EDUG]R ]\VNDá\ QD ]QDF]HQLX 5 NRMPLH Z XPRZDFK R ]QDNX WRZDURZ\P PRJ XZ]JO GQLDü
VWDQ SUDZQ\ ]QDNX KDQGORZHJR EH] VSHFMDOQHM JZDUDQFML HIHNWyZ

Status prawny znaków towarowych

: XPRZLH OLFHQFML QD ]QDN WRZDURZ\ OLFHQFMRGDZFD PR*H GDü JZDUDQFM GRW\F] F VWDWXVX
SUDZQHJR ]QDNX WRZDURZHJR =D]Z\F]DM JZDUDQWXMH RQ *H ]QDN WRZDURZ\ ]RVWDá ZáD FLZLH
]DUHMHVWURZDQ\ L *H MHJR UHMHVWUDFMD E G]LH XWU]\PDQD Z PRF\ SU]H] FDá\ RNUHV WUZDQLD
XPRZ\ -HGQRF]H QLH ZáDVQR ü ]QDNX WRZDURZHJR E G]LH RGSRZLHGQLR UHVSHNWRZDQD L QLH
E G]LH SRGGDZDQD *DGQ\P QDFLVNRP

XVII - 15

: QLHNWyU\FK NUDMDFK ZDUXQNLHP FL JáHM ZD*QR FL ]QDNX WRZDURZHJR MHVW FL JáR ü MHJR
X*\ZDQLD SU]H] ZáD FLFLHOD

8*\FLH PR*H QLHNLHG\ R]QDF]Dü Z\UyE L VSU]HGD* SURGXNWX

QRV] FHJR ]QDN WRZDURZ\ 8*\FLH SU]H] OLFHQFMRELRUF MHVW XZD*DQH ]D WDNLH VDPR X*\FLH MDN
SU]H] ZáD FLFLHOD ]QDNX

: WDNLFK SU]\SDGNDFK OLFHQFMRGDZF\ G *

GR ]GRE\FLD RG

OLFHQFMRGDZF\ JZDUDQFML Z]DMHPQHM VWZLHUG]DM FHM *H ]QDN WRZDURZ\ E G]LH X*\ZDQ\ Z
]DNUHVLH ]JRGQ\P ]H ]QDF]HQLHP RNUH ODQ\P Z SUDZLH ORNDOQ\P Z FHOX XWU]\PDQLD
ZD*QR FL MHJR UHMHVWUDFML /LFHQFMRGDZF\ PRJ Z\PDJDü LQWHQFML bona fide GR X*\ZDQLD
]QDNX WRZDURZHJR Z R]QDF]DQLX GyEU L XVáXJ MDNR WDUF]\ SUDZQHM SU]HG JURPDG]HQLHP
]QDNyZ WRZDURZ\FK SU]H] OXG]L NWyU]\ QLH PDMD ]DPLDUX LFK QLJG\ Z\NRU]\VWDü 7DNLH
Z\PDJDQLD PRJ E\ü RG]ZLHUFLHGORQH Z XPRZDFK OLFHQFML QD ]QDN WRZDURZ\

Brak gwarancji efektów

/LFHQFMRGDZFD SUDZLH QLJG\ QLH JZDUDQWXMH MDNR FL MDNLHJRNROZLHN SURGXNWX Z\WZRU]RQHJR
SU]H] OLFHQFMRELRUF

: ZL NV]R FL SU]\SDGNyZ OLFHQFMRGDZFD ]DWU]\PXMH SUDZR GR NRQWUROL

SURGXNWyZ Z\WZRU]RQ\FK SRG OLFHQFMRQRZDQ\P ]QDNLHP : SHZLHQ VSRVyE MHVW WR ORJLF]QD
G\VWU\EXFMD U\]\ND = MHGQHM VWURQ\ OLFHQFMRGDZFD QLH PD NRQWUROL QDG SURFHVHP SURGXNFML
1LH ]PLHQLD VL WR QDZHW ZWHG\ JG\ OLFHQFMRGDZFD ]QDNX WRZDURZHJR GRVWDUF]\ LQVWUXNFML
Z\UREX SURGXNWX WDN ZL F ZáD FLFLHO ]QDNX WRZDURZHJR MHVW SRZD*QLH ]DLQWHUHVRZDQ\ L
SUDJQLH XSHZQLDü VL

F]\ SURGXNW\ Z\WZRU]RQH SRG MHJR ]QDNLHP WRZDURZ\P PDM

W

MDNR ü GR NWyUHM SU]\]Z\F]DLOL VL NRQVXPHQFL 'ODWHJR WH* ZáD FLFLHOH ]QDNyZ WRZDURZ\FK
U]DGNR NLHG\ REHMPXM

JZDUDQFMDPL GREUD Z\WZRU]RQH SRG RNUH ORQ\P ]QDNLHP

WRZDURZ\P OHF] ]DWU]\PXM VRELH SUDZR GR LQVSHNFML GyEU ]DQLP ]RVWDQ RQH ZSURZDG]RQH
QD U\QHN

5 NRMPLH L JZDUDQFMH Z LQQ\FK XPRZDFK

-DN MX* SRZLHG]LDQR LVWQLHM DOWHUQDW\ZQH VSRVRE\ SU]HQRV]HQLD WHFKQRORJLL ZáDVQR FLRZHM
á F]QLH ] OHF] QLH RJUDQLF]DM F VL

SURVW VSU]HGD* PDV]\Q L Z\SRVD*HQLD XPRZ SRG

NOXF] LQZHVW\FMDPL ]DJUDQLF]Q\PL L XPRZDPL PHQHG*HUVNLPL : QLQLHMV]\P SRGUR]G]LDOH
RSLVDQR VSRVyE VWRVRZDQLD JZDUDQFML Z XPRZDFK WUDQVIHUX WHFKQRORJLL

5 NRMPLH Z XPRZDFK VSU]HGD*\

5 NRMPLH Z XPRZDFK VSU]HGD*\ ]D]Z\F]DM V

RJUDQLF]RQH GR U NRMPL MDNR FLRZ\FK L

LOR FLRZ\FK RGQRV] F\FK VL GR GyEU REM W\FK WUDQVDNFM

-H*HOL SU]HGPLRWHP VSU]HGD*\ V

PDV]\Q\ L Z\SRVD*HQLH U NRMPLH VNXSLDM VL QD MDNR FL GyEU L QD ]GROQR FL VSU] WX GR SUDF\
Z VSRVyE GR MDNLHJR ]RVWDá RQ VWZRU]RQ\ 1D SU]\NáDG Z SU]\SDGNX VSU]HGD*\ SRPS\
VSU]HGDZFD PR*H U F]\ü *H E G]LH G]LDáDü RQD Z RNUH ORQ\ VSRVyE Z FL JX GDQHJR RNUHVX

]D]Z\F]DM

PLHVL F\

&]DV RERZL ]\ZDQLD U NRMPL QD]\ZDQ\ MHVW RNUHVHP U NRMPL OXE

RNUHVHP JZDUDQF\MQ\P *G\ W\ONR ]DNR F]\ VL RNUHV JZDUDQFML VSU]HGDZFD ]DVDGQLF]R QLH
E G]LH ]ZL ]DQ\ *DGQ\PL NROHMQ\PL JZDUDQFMDPL

'RPQLHPDQD U NRMPLD VWDQRZL

*

H

VSU]HGDZFD MHVW SUDZQ\P ZáD FLFLHOHP GyEU L *H PR*H SU]HQRVLü WHQ W\WXá SRSU]H] LFK
VSU]HGD*

: VSU]HGD*\ EH]SR UHGQLHM QLH PD JZDUDQFML QD WUDQVIHU WHFKQRORJLL

7HFKQRORJLD

Z\NRU]\VWDQD GR SURGXNFML SRPS\ QLH MHVW SU]HGPLRWHP WUDQVDNFML 7UDQVDNFMD RGQRVL VL GR
SRPS\ MDNR WDNLHM GODWHJR WH* JZDUDQFMD GRW\F]\ MDNR FL SRPS\ L MHM G]LDáDQLD SU]H]
RNUH ORQ\ F]DV

XVII - 16

Gwarancje w umowach pod klucz

3U]HGPLRWHP XPRZ\ SRG NOXF] MHVW ]D]Z\F]DM FDá\ ]DNáDG á F]QLH ] SRV]F]HJyOQ\PL
HOHPHQWDPL GRVWDUF]RQHJR VSU] WX L PDV]\Q 8PRZ\ WHJR W\SX JZDUDQWXM

*

H ]DNáDG E G]LH

G]LDáDá L PLDá RVL JL ]JRGQH ] ]DJZDUDQWRZDQ\PL SDUDPHWUDPL

-H*HOL F] ü PDV]\Q L VSU] WX QLH G]LDáD Z VSRVyE RNUH ORQ\ Z XPRZLH GRVWDZFD PXVL
]DUDG]Lü ZDGRP 'RVWDZFD MHVW UyZQLH* ]REOLJRZDQ\ GR SU]HND]DQLD RGELRUF\ ]DNáDGX R
Z\GDMQR FL RGSRZLDGDM FHM ]DSLVRP Z NRQWUDNFLH :\GDMQR ü MHVW ]D]Z\F]DM PLHU]RQD Z
RNUH ORQ\P F]DVLH RNUHV SUyEQ\ *G\ WHVW\ Z\ND*

*

H ]DNáDG SURGXNXMH XVWDORQ ZF]H QLHM

OLF]E Z\UREyZ R RNUH ORQHM MDNR FL UR]SRF]\QD VL RNUHV JZDUDQF\MQ\ 3R ]DNR F]HQLX
RNUHVX WHVWRZHJR GRVWDZFD QLH PD MX* NRQWUROL QDG ]DNáDGHP L QLH MHVW Z VWDQLH
]DJZDUDQWRZDü RNUH ORQHM LOR FL DQL MDNR FL SURGXNFML 1LHPQLHM MHGQDN SR]RVWDMH RQ
]RERZL ]DQ\ GR QDSUDZLHQLD ZV]\VWNLFK XVWHUHN VSU] WX L PDV]\Q SU]H] RNUHV JZDUDQFML 7HQ
RNUHV F] VWR QD]\ZDQ\ MHVW RNUHVHP NRQVHUZDFML

5y*QLFD PL G]\ RNUHVHP JZDUDQFML F]\ U NRMPL D RNUHVHP NRQVHUZDFML F] VWR OH*\ Z
V]F]HJyáDFK RERZL ]NyZ GRVWDZF\ 'RVWDZFD ] W\WXáX U NRMPL ]RERZL ]DQ\ MHVW GR Z\PLDQ\
QD ZáDVQ\ NRV]W PDV]\Q L Z\SRVD*HQLD NWyUH G]LDáDM ZDGOLZLH : SU]\SDGNX ]RERZL ]DQLD
GRW\F] FHJR NRQVHUZDFML GRVWDZFD SRZLQLHQ MHG\QLH SU]HSURZDG]Lü ZV]HONLH QLH]E GQH
G]LDáDQLD SURZDG] FH GR QDSUDZLHQLD XVWHUHN DOH QD NRV]W ZáD FLFLHOD ]DNáDGX

: QLHNWyU\FK XPRZDFK SRG NOXF] QLH PD VSHFMDOQHM JZDUDQFML GRW\F] FHM WUDQVIHURZDQHM
WHFKQRORJLL -H*HOL QD SU]\NáDG XPRZ\ SRG NOXF] REHMPXM GRVWDUF]HQLH PDWHULDáyZ L EXGRZ
HOHNWURZQL ZRGQHM ZáD FLFLHO RWU]\PD FDá WHFKQRORJL SRWU]HEQ GR HNVSORDWDFML HOHNWURZQL
=DNáDGD VL

*

H SRá F]HQLH SUDF\ OXG]L PDV]\Q L VSU] WX SR]ZROL RVL JQ ü RNUH ORQH HIHNW\

5 NRMPLD QD PDV]\Q\ R]QDF]D UyZQLH* U NRMPL GRW\F] F WHFKQRORJLL -HGQDN WDN VDPR MDN
Z XPRZLH VSU]HGD*\ WHFKQRORJLD QLH MHVW SU]HGPLRWHP XPRZ\ -H*HOL PLPR WR ZáD FLFLHO
XZD*D *H PDV]\Q\ L Z\SRVD*HQLH QLH XPR*OLZL

PX SURGXNFML ]DPLHU]RQ\FK GyEU EH]

GRGDWNRZ\FK ZVND]yZHN GRW\F] F\FK X*\FLD WHFKQRORJLL PR*H Z\PDJDü VSHFMDOQHM XPRZ\
WUDQVIHUX WHFKQRORJLL 7DND XPRZD PR*H E\ü EH]SR UHGQL

XPRZD OLFHQF\MQ

OXE WH*

QLHEH]SR UHGQL

XPRZD WUDQVIHUX WHFKQRORJLL WDN MDN XPRZD R SRPRF\ WHFKQLF]QHM OXE

XPRZD R ]DU] G]DQLX : WDNLFK SU]\SDGNDFK PRJ

SRMDZLü VL

VSHFMDOQH JZDUDQFMH

GRW\F] FH Z\GDMQR FL SURFHVX RSDUWH QD SRV]F]HJyOQ\FK XPRZDFK WUDQVIHUX WHFKQRORJLL
6]F]HJyáRZH RPyZLHQLH JZDUDQFML GRW\F] F\FK Z\GDMQR FL SURFHVX

NWyUH ]QDMGXM

]DVWRVRZDQLH V]F]HJyOQLH Z ]áR*RQ\FK SU]HGVL Z]L FLDFK SU]HP\VáRZ\FK ]DPLHV]F]RQR Z
PRGXOH

R XPRZDFK GRW\F] F\FK ]áR*RQ\FK SU]HGVL Z]L ü SU]HP\VáRZ\FK

Gwarancje w umowach projektowych

Na potrzeby niniejszego opisu, za umRZ\ SURMHNWRZH XZD*D VL

XPRZ\ ] ILUPDPL

SURMHNWRZ\PL 6 WR ILUP\ NWyUH RIHUXM V]HURNL ]DNUHV XVáXJ SRWU]HEQ\FK GR VWZRU]HQLD
NRQFHSFML

RSUDFRZDQLD

L

UR]SRF] FLD

HNVSORDWDFML

]áR*RQ\FK

NDSLWDáRFKáRQQ\FK

SU]HGVL Z]L ü SU]HP\VáRZ\FK L PHWDOXUJLF]Q\FK

*

á F]QLH ] OLFHQFMDPL L WHFKQRORJLDPL

]DU] G]DQLHP UHNUXWDFM SUDFRZQLNyZ L V]NROHQLDPL

*

2SLV X*\W\ SU]H] %DQN ZLDWRZ\ Z GRNXPHQFLH Guidelines for Use of Consultants (Waszyngton 1981), ss. 25-

28.

XVII - 17

*ZDUDQFMH RIHURZDQH SU]H] ILUP\ SURMHNWRZH Uy*QL VL ]DOH*QLH RG URG]DMX ]RERZL ]DQLD
NWyUH QD VLHELH SU]\MPXM

-H*HOL SU]HGPLRWHP XPRZ\ MHVW GRVWDUF]HQLH WHFKQRORJLL GURJ

OLFHQFMRQRZDQLD OXE GRVWDUF]HQLH XVáXJ ]DU] G]DQLD F]\ V]NROHQLD ]DNUHV JZDUDQFML PXVL E\ü
XVWDORQ\ SU]H] VWURQ\ -H*HOL XPRZD MHVW URG]DMX ÄSRG NOXF]´ WXUQ NH\ JZDUDQFMH SRZLQQ\
E\ü WDNLH MDN RSLVDQR SRZ\*HM : á F]RQ\FK XPRZDFK WXUQNH\ WUDQVIHUX WHFKQRORJLL XVáXJ
WHFKQLF]Q\FK ]QDMGXM RG]ZLHUFLHGOHQLH JZDUDQFMH W\SRZH GOD WDNLFK NRQWUDNWyZ

5 NRMPLH Z XPRZDFK R SRPRF\ WHFKQLF]QHM

8PRZ\ R SRPRF\ WHFKQLF]QHM QDND]XM MHGQHM VWURQLH XG]LHOHQLH SRPRF\ WHFKQLF]QHM GUXJLHM
VWURQLH 6WURQD XG]LHODM FD SRPRF\ PR*H ]JRG]Lü VL QD Z\VáDQLH HNVSHUWyZ WHFKQLF]Q\FK GR
VWURQ\ GUXJLHM Z\V]NROHQLH HNVSHUWyZ GUXJLHM VWURQ\ NRQVHUZDFM RNUH ORQHJR VSU] WX OXE
Z\NRQDQLH SRGREQHJR G]LDáDQLD

1LHZ WSOLZLH Z XPRZLH R SRPRF\ WHFKQLF]QHM QDVW SXMH WUDQVIHU WHFKQRORJLL *áyZQ\P
WHPDWHP WDNLFK XPyZ MHVW MHGQDN QLH WUDQVIHU WHFKQRORJLL OHF] XVáXJL WHFKQLF]QH 'ODWHJR WH*
ZV]HONLH JZDUDQFMH VNLHURZDQH V

QD ZáD FLZH Z\SHáQLHQLH ]RERZL ]D

]ZL ]DQ\FK ]

XVáXJ

D QLH ] WUDQVIHUHP WHFKQRORJLL

Gwarancje w umowach ]ZL ]DQ\FK ] ]DU] G]DQLHP

&HOHP NRQWUDNWyZ R ]DU] G]DQLX MHVW SU]\M FLH SHZQ\FK IXQNFML GRW\F] F\FK ]DU] G]DQLD
SU]H] MHGQ ]H VWURQ 7HJR W\SX XPRZ\ V SRZV]HFKQH QS Z SU]HP\ OH KRWHODUVNLP OHF]
PR*QD MH Z\NRU]\VW\ZDü UyZQLH* Z LQQ\FK VHNWRUDFK SU]HP\VáRZ\FK : WDNLHM XPRZLH
GRVWDZFD ]DU] G]DM F\ JZDUDQWXMH Z\NRQDQLH VZRLFK IXQNFML PHQHG*HUVNLFK : ]DNUHVLH
W\FK IXQNFML PR*H RQ E\ü ]REOLJRZDQ\ GR WUDQVIHUX NQRZ KRZ L WHFKQRORJLL GR RGELRUF\

=D]Z\F]DM WDNL WUDQVIHU QLH MHVW JáyZQ\P WHPDWHP XPRZ\ JG\* MHVW GUXJRU] GQ\ ZREHF
IXQNFML ]DU] G]DQLD 8PRZ\ WHJR W\SX ]D]Z\F]DM RGQRV]

VL

GR V]NROHQLD SHUVRQHOX

RGELRUF\ WHFKQRORJLL Z WDNL VSRVyE E\ RGSRZLHGQL SUDFRZQLF\ QDE\OL ZLHG] QLH]E GQ GR
SURZDG]HQLD

SU]HGVL Z]L FLD

VDPRG]LHOQLH

SU]\

F]\P

ZLHG]D

L

XPLHM WQR FL

SU]HWUDQVIHURZDQH Z RNUHVLH G]LDáD ]DU] G]DQLD QLH V SU]HGPLRWHP XPRZ\ 3U]HGPLRWHP
MHVW VDPD IXQNFMD ]DU] G]DQLD 'ODWHJR WH* JZDUDQFMD Z WDNLP NRQWUDNFLH VNLHURZDQD MHVW QD
Z\GDMQR ü IXQNFML GRW\F] FHM ]DU] G]DQLD D QLH QD WUDQVIHU WHFKQRORJLL L XPLHM WQR FL

-H*HOL VWURQ\ XPRZ\ R ]DU] G]DQLX FKF RVL JQ ü WUDQVIHU VSHF\ILF]QHJR NQRZ KRZ PRJ
]GHF\GRZDü VL QD ]DZDUFLH RGG]LHOQHM XPRZ\ WUDQVIHUX NQRZ KRZ L WHFKQRORJLL

Gwarancje w umowach joint-venture

Umowy joint-YHQWXUH VWDQRZL

IRUP

EH]SR UHGQLHM LQZHVW\FML ]DJUDQLF]QHM : XPRZDFK

WHJR W\SX LQZHVWRU]\ ]DJUDQLF]QL á F]

VZRM

LQZHVW\FM

] XF]HVWQLFWZHP SDUWQHUyZ

ORNDOQ\FK

,QZHVW\FMH ]DJUDQLF]QH PRJ

PLHü IRUP

PDWHULDOQ

OXE QLHPDWHULDOQ

1LHPDWHULDOQH V

]D]Z\F]DM SUDZD

NWyU\FK ZáD FLFLHODPL V

LQZHVWRU]\ ]DJUDQLF]QL

1DMF] FLHM V WR SUDZD ZáDVQR FL SU]HP\VáRZHM QS SDWHQW\ ]QDNL KDQGORZH L NQRZ KRZ

-H*HOL QD LQZHVW\FM

QLH VNáDGDM

VL

SUDZD ZáDVQR FL SU]HP\VáRZHM SUDZGRSRGREQLH

]DFKRGQL LQZHVWRU ]UHDOL]XMH LQZHVW\FM Z SRVWDFL PDWHULDOQHM QS SLHQL G]DFK OXE PDV]\QDFK
L Z\SRVD*HQLX : WDNLFK SU]\SDGNDFK LVWQLHMH WH* GX*R SUDZGRSRGRELH VWZR *H LQZHVWRU

XVII - 18

]DJUDQLF]Q\ ]DZU]H RGG]LHOQ XPRZ WUDQVIHUX WHFKQRORJLL ]H VZRLP QRZ\P SDUWQHUHP OXE ]
QRZR ]DáR*RQ ILUP MRLQW YHQWXUH

: SLHUZV]\P SU]\SDGNX W]Q NLHG\ SUDZD ZáDVQR FL SU]HP\VáRZHM VWDM VL MDNR NDSLWDá
IRUP

LQZHVW\FML

LQZHVWRU

]DJUDQLF]Q\

SRZLQLHQ

]DJZDUDQWRZDü

RNUH ORQH

FHFK\

WUDQVIHURZDQHM WHFKQRORJLL WDN MDNE\ WHFKQRORJLD E\áD WUDQVIHURZDQD GURJ RVREQHM XPRZ\
/RNDOQL RGELRUF\ WHFKQRORJLL ]DJUDQLF]QHM PDM SUDZR VSRG]LHZDü VL WHM VDPHM MDNR FL L
RFKURQ\ QLH]DOH*QLH RG WHJR

F]\ WHFKQRORJLD MHVW ]DLQZHVWRZDQD MDNR NDSLWDá F]\

OLFHQFMRQRZDQD Z RVREQHM XPRZLH

=$à &=1,.

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75$16)(58 7(&+12/2*,,

3U]\NáDG

-H*HOL Z Z\QLNX X*\FLD SDWHQWX E G FHJR SU]HGPLRWHP QLQLHMV]HM XPRZ\ OLFHQFMRELRUFD ]RVWDQLH

]DVNDU*RQ\ ] W\WXáX QDUXV]HQLD SUDZ NRV]W\ L MDNLHNROZLHN RGV]NRGRZDQLD ]DV G]RQH SU]HFLZNR
QLHPX SRQLHVLH BBBBBBBBBBBBBBB OLFHQFMRGDZFD OXE OLFHQFMRELRUFD

.RV]W\ L Z\GDWNL ]ZL ]DQH ] SRZyG]WZHP Z]DMHPQ\P OXE XJRG SRQLHVLH BBBBBBBBBBBBBB

OLFHQFMRGDZFD OXE OLFHQFMRELRUFD

/LFHQFMRELRUFD SRLQIRUPXMH OLFHQFMRGDZF R ZV]HONLFK URV]F]HQLDFK Z\VXZDQ\FK SRG DGUHVHP

OLFHQFMRELRUF\ ]ZL ]DQ\FK ] QDUXV]HQLHP SUDZ L XPR*OLZL OLFHQFMRGDZF\ Z]L FLH XG]LDáX ZH
ZV]HONLFK SRVW SRZDQLDFK

3U]\NáDG

/LFHQFMRGDZFD JZDUDQWXMH UyZQLH* *H Z GQLX SRGSLVDQLD QLQLHMV]HM XPRZ\ ]JRGQLH ]H VZRMD

ZLHG]

QLH PD *DGQ\FK LQIRUPDFML R MDNLFKNROZLHN VNXWHF]Q\FK SUDZDFK SDWHQWRZ\FK RVyE WU]HFLFK

OXE SRGREQHM RFKURQLH SDWHQWRZHM NWyUH PRJá\E\ E\ü QDUXV]RQH Z Z\QLNX X*\WNRZDQLD SU]H]
OLFHQFMRELRUF WHFKQRORJLL REM WHM QLQLHMV] XPRZ

3U]\NáDG

/LFHQFMRGDZFD JZDUDQWXMH UyZQLH* *H QLF PX QLH MHVW ZLDGRPH R MDNLFKNROZLHN ZDGDFK

SUDZQ\FK OLFHQFMRQRZDQHJR SDWHQWX : V]F]HJyOQR FL JZDUDQWXMH *H QLH PD *DGQ\FK LQIRUPDFML R
ZF]H QLHMV]\FK SUDZDFK RVyE WU]HFLFK GR X*\ZDQLD WHJR SDWHQWX DQL R ]DOH*QR FL OLFHQFMRQRZDQHJR
SDWHQWX RG SDWHQWyZ RVyE WU]HFLFK DQL R ZDGDFK WHFKQLF]Q\FK Z\QDOD]NX QD NWyU\P RSDUW\ MHVW
SDWHQW /LFHQFMRGDZFD QLH SRQRVL RGSRZLHG]LDOQR FL ]D R ZLDGF]HQLH GRW\F] FH EUDNX ZDG

3U]\NáDG

/LFHQFMRGDZFD QLH JZDUDQWXMH QRZDWRUVWZD VZRMHJR Z\QDOD]NX OHF] MH*HOL RND*H VL

*

H SDWHQW

MHVW QLHZD*Q\ ] SRZRGX MHJR XMDZQLHQLD

ZLDGRPHJR OXE QLH ZLDGRPHJR OLFHQFMRELRUFD PD SUDZR

XQLHZD*QLHQLD XPRZ\ Z FDáR FL OXE F] FLRZR ]DZLDGDPLDM F R W\P SLVHPQLH

XVII - 19

3U]\NáDG

&DáNRZLWH OXE F] FLRZH XQLHZD*QLHQLH SDWHQWX

-H*HOL OLFHQFMRQRZDQ\ SDWHQW ]RVWDQLH RVWDWHF]QLH X]QDQ\ ]D QLHZD*Q\ QLH E G]LH WR PLDáR

ZSá\ZX QD QLQLHMV] XPRZ L MHM ZD*QR ü /LFHQFMRELRUFD MHGQDN PD SUDZR GR RGVW SLHQLD RG WHM
XPRZ\ Z FL JX WU]HFK PLHVL F\ RG WDNLHJR RVWDWHF]QHJR X]QDQLD QLHZD*QR FL OLFHQFMRQRZDQHJR
SDWHQWX OXE GR Z\PDJDQLD RG OLFHQFMRGDZF\ XUHJXORZDQLD RSáDW OLFHQF\MQ\FK Z VWRVXQNX GR
OLFHQFMRQRZDQHJR NQRZ KRZ

2SáDW\ OLFHQF\MQH XLV]F]RQH XSU]HGQLR QLH SRGOHJDM

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