Klucz do zadań

Rozumienie ze słuchu

Rozdział I

Wprowadzenie

Przykłady

Przykład 1. str. 13

1.1

T ...I was going to close the shop...

1.2

F ...Five years since l saw him.

1.3

F ...he told me the address but I can't remember where

he said it was.

1.4

F ...His wife is French...

1.5

T ... he said something about his mother-in-law com-

ing over to help out - she wants to be closer to her
daughter and grandchildren.

1.6

T ... she's going to spend the summers here and the

winters in Paris.

1.7

F ... I always thought of Steven as someone who

would do well for himself. He had some of the best
ideas about opening up a business.

1.8

T And why didn't we think of opening a restaurant

instead of a bookshop?

Komentarz

Zadanie to sprawdza, czy potrafisz stwierdzić, czy nagranie
zawiera określone informacje, a także czy jesteś w stanie
określić stan emocjonalny mówiącego oraz jego intencje, tzn.
cel wypowiedzi. Zauważ, że w większości przypadków
wyrażenia w zadaniach nie są sformułowane dokładnie takim
samym językiem, jak informacje w nagraniu. Zwróć też uwagę,
że pewnych informacji nie słyszysz wprost. Na przykład,
mówiący nie wypowiada się bezpośrednio na temat dzieci
Stevena, a zadanie 1.5. wymaga stwierdzenia, czy Steven je
posiada. Niemniej z fragmentu, który mówiący wypowiada o
teściowej Stevena, wynika, że ma on dzieci. Właśnie ta
umiejętność określenia pewnej informacji na podstawie
analizy elementów tekstu jest sprawdzana przy pomocy
zadania 1.5. Również zadania 1.7. i 1.8. wymagają
wyciągnięcia wniosków na podstawie informacji, która nie jest
przekazana wprost. W przypadku zadania 1.7. mówiący
wymienia powody, dla których można było sądzić, że
Stevenowi powiedzie się w biznesie, i stąd nie może on być
zdziwiony, że Steven odniósł sukces. Rozwiązanie zadania
1.8. wymaga odczytania ostatniego zdania w tekście jako
wyrażenia żalu, że mówiący nie podjął kiedyś trafniejszej
decyzji biznesowej.

Przykład 2. str. 15

2.1. B And how are my sweet little girls? ...why don't you

make him Moussaka!... I remember when he was
a little boy, that's all he would eat!

2.2. F Hello, Peter? It's Paul Ford.
2.3. C Do you happen to have file 443 by any chance?

... it's right here on my desk.

2.4. A It was pretty quiet with you gone but Peaches

kept me company ... Yeah, thanks a million for
taking care of him for me. I don't know what I would
have done without you!...

2.5. E Have you finished? I didn't really fee theneedlel...

Komentarz

Treść rozmowy prowadzonej przez kobiety, z których jedna
gotowała dla George'a w przeszłości, a druga gotuje dla niego
obecnie, sugeruje, że jedna to matka, a druga to żona, tak więc
rozmawiają osoby w rodzinie. Matka George'a pyta synową,
jak miewają się jej ukochane dziewczynki (=wnuczki).

Rozmowę drugą prowadzą dwaj mężczyźni. Nie są
przyjaciółmi, ponieważ dzwoniący wymienia swoje imię i
nazwisko. Rozmowę trzecią prowadzą osoby pracujące w tej
samej instytucji (firmie lub urzędzie): słyszysz o
segregatorze/aktach nr 443 leżącym/ch na biurku jednej z
nich i co więcej, osoby te umawiają się na lunch w tym
samym budynku. Rozmowa czwarta to rozmowa przyjaciółek.
Jedna z nich opowiada swoje wrażenia z urlopu, druga
opiekowała się zwierzakiem przyjaciółki w czasie jej
nieobecności. W ostatniej rozmowie słyszymy lekarza i jego
stałego pacjenta - lekarz zna samego pacjenta i jego rodzinę,
ale charakter tej znajomości, a także samej rozmowy, określa
zawód wykonywany przez jednego z rozmówców.

Przykład 3. str. 17

3.1

B If you want to buy an expensive item and do not

have the money at that particular time, you can buy
it on your credit card...

3.2

A ...travel insurance may be an automatic benefit.

3.3

C ...credit cards are accepted almost everywhere...

3.4

A ... Don't spend more money than you can afford to

pay off... If you can, pay your credit card bill in full
every month.

3.5

B Don't spend more than you can afford to pay off.

Don't go over your limit... pay your credit card bill in
full every month ... Keep track off what you spend.
File receipts somewhere safe...

3.6

C Odpowiedź na podstawie całego tekstu: słyszysz

więcej o zaletach niż o wadach posiadania karty
kredytowej.

Komentarz

W zadaniu 3.1. prawidłowa jest odpowiedź B, ponieważ
dogodność posiadania karty kredytowej polega na możliwości
zakupu towarów, nawet jeśli w danej chwili nie dysponuje się
odpowiednią gotówką. Zwróć uwagę, że możliwość A suge-
ruje, że dzięki karcie każdy zakupiony towar można spłacić w
ratach, w tekście mowa jest zaś wyłącznie o kupowaniu w
tym systemie drogich rzeczy. W zadaniu 3.2. chodzi o to, że
jeśli opłacisz podróż kartą kredytową, ubezpieczenie (na
podróż) możesz dostać gratis, stąd poprawna jest odpowiedź
A. W zadaniu 3.3. prawidłową odpowiedzią jest C, ponieważ
zaletą posiadania karty, kiedy jesteś w podróży, jest to, że
możesz z niej skorzystać praktycznie wszędzie. W zadaniu
3.4. prawidłowa jest odpowiedź A. Korzystanie z kredytu, który
zapewnia Ci karta, w sposób odpowiedzialny wymaga, byś nie
wydawał przy jej pomocy pieniędzy, na które nie masz pokrycia
(you can't afford to pay off)

a więc, byś mógł zwrócić pieniądze

wydane na kredyt, kiedy otrzymasz rachunek z banku.
Wykonanie zadania 3.5. wymaga ogarnięcia w całości drugiej
części tekstu, w której mówiący omawia potencjalne ryzyko
związane z posiadaniem karty kredytowej. Mówiący poświęca
dłuższą część swojej wypowiedzi podaniu kilku rad
praktycznych dotyczących korzystania z karty kredytowej,
stąd właściwa jest odpowiedź B. W zadaniu 3.6. prawidłowa
jest odpowiedź C, ponieważ mówiący nie wypowiada się o
kartach kredytowych w kontekście wolności osobistej
(freedom)

posiadacza karty. W nagraniu słyszysz o freedom of

credit,

a więc o swobodzie, jaką daje kredyt, a to nie to samo,

co wolność jako dobro osobiste. Zwróć uwagę, że poprzez
zastosowanie przeczenia, możliwość A wyraża sens
przeciwny do tego, jaki wyraża tekst. Prawdą jest, że w
nagraniu słyszysz więcej o zaletach posiadania karty niż o jej
wadach, i stąd poprawna jest odpowiedź C.

Poziom podstawowy

Zadania

Zadanie 1. str.19

1.1

T ... I talk for a living. I talk commercial talk-you know,

radio stuff.

1.2

F Don't buy just any ordinary battery. Depend on

Eternal Battery!

1.3

F Yes, dear... I did, dear. Is there anything else you

want me to do?... Yes. Dear.

1.4

T For a great night out, Carlito's is the place to be ...

dance the night away to the hottest Salsa band in
town. Just off Highway 7.

1.5

T So, why don't you call me - if I'm not here just leave

a message - Hey, then I can check out your voice!

Zadanie 2. str.19

2.1 F ... that was Chick Corea that we saw, one of the

greatest jazz musicians of all time.

2.2. F ... jazz ... doesn't stick to a predictable rhythm like

pop music does ... it definitely has a beat that can
get your feet tapping!

2.3. T ...I prefer music with words.
2.4. T ... you can let me try and explain the music to

you.

... it would be a good idea for me to learn about jazz.

2.5. T I believe the government helps support jazz

and gives the public free concerts because it's
considered more of an art form than pop music is.
But hey, that's just my opinion.

Zadanie 3. str.19

3.1. T Oh... it's OK... I thought I saw a spider... spiders

scare the life out of me!

3.2. F ...and hear scary music.
3.3. T Well, the picture they show you at first is of a spider

a very long way away, so that all you can really see is
a dot. Then they make the spider look as though it's
a bit closer, so that you can see its legs, then a bit
closer and a bit closer until you feel like it's right in
front of you.

3.4. F ... after she tried virtual reality treatment she was

able to hold a live tarantula in her hand for over half
an hour.

3.5. F Hmm. I'm not sure. Maybe I'll find out more about

this treatment.

Zadanie 4. str.20

4.1. T The game of golf as we know it today originated from

A game played in Scotland...

4.2. F In 1457, King James II banned golf because the

Scottish people were so keen to play the game that
they played golf when they were supposed to be
taking part in military training in order to defend
Scotland from an English invasion.

4.3. F ... Mary Queen of Scots, who was French, took the

game across the channel to her home country.

4.4. T The first golf club was the Gentlemen Golfers of

Leith, formed in 1744. Members of this club played
to rules written by Duncan Forbes. These rules were
adopted by the St Andrews Society of Golfers in
1759...

4.5. T Because golf equipment was so expensive, it was

a game only the wealthy could afford to play.
However, this soon changed when clubs made
entirely from metal and balls made from man-made
materials became available. These products were
mass-produced and anyone could afford to buy
them and play with them.

4.6. F St Andrews became the most famous and most

highly regarded golf club because of its excellent
course ... Why not visit a course near you and see
what all the fuss is about?

Zadanie5. str.20

5.1. F If you're lucky, investing £500 could add £5,000 to

the resale value of your home.

5.2. T ... make sure that the buyer finds your house

attractive even before they come inside. Remember
that buyers form first impressions when they look at
your house from the outside.

5.3. F If you're busy and do not have the time, call in

a professional cleaning service.

5.4. F ... most buyers prefer natural, earthy colours rather

than bright, bold shades.

5.5. T ... if you discover that a major job needs doing when

the time comes to sell, it is usually worth paying to
put it right as it could bring the value of the property
down by far more than it'll cost to have the repair
done.

5.6. F It's pointless spending £20,000 improving your

property if it can only add £10,000 to its sale price.

Zadanie 6. str.21

6.1. B In the South of England, there will be showers early

this morning, but it'll clear up and there'll be plenty of
sun during the day.

6.2. E In Wales it is going to be another day with showers,

but it'll start clearing up in the evening.

6.3. F The West is going to wake up to a breezy morning...

For the afternoon, you can expect some sunny
spells and a gentle northerly breeze.

6.4. D ... in Scotland ... Showers and thunderstorms will

continue throughout the day.

6.5. C In Northern Ireland, it'll be cool and blustery with

a maximum temperature of 2 degrees C, dropping to
a low of minus 2 tomorrow.

Zadanie7. str.21

7.1. A ...you must let your hostess know whether or not you

will be attending well before the date of the dinner
party.

7.2. E ...guests should always give the hostess a small gift.
7.3. F ...call your guests to the table and direct them to their

seats. Even if you have used name cards guests can
have trouble getting seated...

7.4. H Never put a utensil back on the tablecloth. Rest it on

the side of the plate instead.

7.5. J If you have to leave the table during the meal, put

your napkin on your chair, then put it back on your
knees when you return.

Zadanie 8. str.21

8.1. D ... we use the energy of the sun ... In the same

way, solar panels collect the energy of the sun ...
The energy of the sun can also be used stored in
a battery.

8.2. F ... the movement of the atmospheric air... the air

can turn machines which collect energy on energy
farms.

8.3. B Long ago, people bathed and cooked in hot springs,

which are simply springs bringing thermal water
from down below to the surface of the earth ... the
capital of Iceland is heated mostly by the energy of
geothermal water.

8.4. A The process that produces the heat in a reactor is

the splitting of uranium atoms ... radioactive gases
and fluids... the Chernobyl nuclear plant disaster.

8.5. C Flowing water can be used to produce electricity ...

Hydropower is one of the cleanest and cheapest
sources of energy....

Zadanie 9. str.22

A NONE Peter: ... You could easily do your job from

home and send your work to the company via

e-mail.

B JANET ...I could take a day off in the week and work at

the weekend instead.

C PETE ...you wouldn't be stressed about being late.
D JANET ... I could work in casual clothes instead of

having to wear a suit for the office.

E NONE Peter: ... not to mention what you'd save on

travelling costs. No more train tickets to buy or

taxi fares to pay.

F JANET There would always be more things keeping

me away from work than in the office.

G PETE Then again, you might end up working more

than you do now, because you wouldn't have

a set finishing time.

H JANET ... it's just a case of the grass always looking

greener on the other side of the fence. I guess

I'll just stick with what I'm used to.

Zadanie 10. str.22

10.1.

B 35 percent said that they had some sleep

problems every night or almost every night of
the previous year... 34 percent of people aged
15 and older reported insomnia.

10.2.

E An insomniac suffers from one or all of these

symptoms every night or almost every night for
the period of one month or longer.

10.3.

C ... people with insomnia are in fact getting at

least as much sleep as they require, and
possibly more.

10.4.

A Many elderly people with sleep problems take

naps during the day ... naps are related to a
higher death rate in this age group... the risk of
developing a new depression is almost 40
times higher for people with insomnia...

10.5.

F If you believe that you cannot function properly

without having had a good night's sleep, then
even one night of poor sleep may lead to your
staying in bed later or taking a long nap. While
10-minute naps during the day may be
refreshing, longer siestas may make it
impossible for you to fall asleep and stay
asleep at night.

Zadanie 11. str.23

11.1.

C ... you are not only a published writer yourself,

but you're also a literary agent who has read
thousands of first novels.

11.2.

B ... a novel should ask one dramatic question.

... There should always be a central question
which the story can develop around.

11.3.

A People ... like to read about places they don't

know.

11.4.

D ...takecarenottoletthescenesdrag.

11.5.

B ... if you make a promise to your readers, you

must keep it. If you mention a knife or gun in the
early pages, the reader expects that weapon to
be used ... Don't make promises to your reader
you are not going to deliver.

11.6.

C Odpowiedź na podstawie całego tekstu, m.in.:

...I wonder how many of our listeners are hoping
to get their first book published ... What else
should first time authors remember, Paul?

Zadanie 12. str.24

12.1. B Claudius II ... believed that single men made

better soldiers than married men...

12.2. A ...Valentine did not agree with this decision. and

he went against his emperor's wishes. He
continued to perform marriages...

12.3. B Before he was put to death, Valentine wrote a

letter to the girl which he signed 'From your
Valentine'.

12.4. C ... it is more likely that the Christian church

decided to celebrate Valentine's day in February
to try to christianise the celebrations of an
ancient pagan festival.

12.5.

D As postal rates became cheaper, the act of

sending valentine's greetings became even
more common.

12.6.

B ... why do we celebrate romance on the 14th

of February?

Zadanie 13. str.25

13.1 C If... you are unlucky enough to be part of the

,

10 percent of the population who suffers from cat

allergies...

13.2. A Cat allergies are caused when people

develop a reaction to a specific protein produced
in a cat's skin. These proteins are called
allergens.

13.3. B Do not touch your face, especially your eyes,

until you have washed your hands, as this will
spread allergens from the cat onto your face and
cause an allergic reaction.

13.4. A ... ask a non-allergic member of the family to

brush the cat every day.

13.5. D ...you should be able to live together peacefully

and happily with only the minimum of allergic
reactions.

13.6. C Odpowiedź na podstawie całego tekstu, m.in.:

If you love cats, but you are unlucky enough to
be part of the 10 percent of the population who
suffers from cat allergies, you may be interested
to hear that there are ways of making life easier
for yourself.

Zadanie 14. str.26

14.1.

A ...the biggest problem is finding the willpower to

stay away from forbidden foods.

14.2.

D ...you need to build a positive picture of success

... This picture will be your goal...

14.3.

D Don't just plan to diet or exercise; make sure

you actually do it! ... When you get up every
morning, think of your plan and make sure your
actions follow that plan.

14.4.

B Don't let anyone change your mind once you

have decided on you r plan.

14.5.

C The best dieting companions are people who

are already losing weight...

14.6.

A Odpowiedź na podstawie całego tekstu, m.in.:

... but if you follow these steps, you are sure to
succeed in reaching your ideal weight. Good
luck!

f

Zadanie 15. str.27

15.1. C People use the phrase 'April Showers' to

describe the weather during April but it is in
some way incorrect to use this phrase with this
meaning in mind.

15.2. A ... the, often, very heavy showers and down-

pours that characterise April ...

15.3. C The jet stream is a band of very strong winds ...

When air starts moving up, the surrounding
cooler air moves in to fill the area of low
pressure. This explains these strong winds.

15.4. A April is the month that many people look forward

to for many reasons.

15.5. B Wybierasz odpowiedź B przez eliminację

pozostałych, o których wiesz, że nie są
prawdziwe; to come back to life oznacza
'wrócić do życia, ożyć': It is the month when
most of the plants and hedgerows begin
growing...

15.6. A Odpowiedź na podstawie całego tekstu: nie

słyszysz o suszy (drought). Słyszysz o lekkim
deszczu (April can bring ... drizzly days.) oraz
o mrozach w kwietniu (from fog and frost).