HYDRAULIC SYSTEM

YARDMASTER®

HR45-25, HR45-27, HR45-31, HR45-40S,

HR45-36L, HR45-40LS, HR45-45LSX,

HR45H [B227]

PART NO. 1564283

1900 SRM 1107

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR

• When lifting parts or assemblies, make sure all slings, chains, or cables are correctly

fastened, and that the load being lifted is balanced. Make sure the crane, cables, and
chains have the capacity to support the weight of the load.

• Do not lift heavy parts by hand, use a lifting mechanism.

• Wear safety glasses.

• DISCONNECT THE BATTERY CONNECTOR before doing any maintenance or repair

on electric lift trucks. Disconnect the battery ground cable on internal combustion lift
trucks.

• Always use correct blocks to prevent the unit from rolling or falling. See HOW TO PUT

THE LIFT TRUCK ON BLOCKS in the Operating Manual or the Periodic Mainte-
nance section.

• Keep the unit clean and the working area clean and orderly.

• Use the correct tools for the job.

• Keep the tools clean and in good condition.

• Always use HYSTER APPROVED parts when making repairs. Replacement parts

must meet or exceed the specifications of the original equipment manufacturer.

• Make sure all nuts, bolts, snap rings, and other fastening devices are removed before

using force to remove parts.

• Always fasten a DO NOT OPERATE tag to the controls of the unit when making repairs,

or if the unit needs repairs.

• Be sure to follow the WARNING and CAUTION notes in the instructions.

• Gasoline, Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG), Compressed Natural Gas (CNG), and Diesel fuel

are flammable. Be sure to follow the necessary safety precautions when handling these
fuels and when working on these fuel systems.

• Batteries generate flammable gas when they are being charged. Keep fire and sparks

away from the area. Make sure the area is well ventilated.

NOTE:

The following symbols and words indicate safety information in this

manual:

WARNING

Indicates a condition that can cause immediate death or injury!

CAUTION

Indicates a condition that can cause property damage!

Hydraulic System YardMaster

Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Description .........................................................................................................................................................

Main Hydraulic Tank ....................................................................................................................................

Main Hydraulic Pump .......................................................................................................................................

Description .....................................................................................................................................................

Load Sensing Pressure ..................................................................................................................................

Main Pump Controller...................................................................................................................................

LS Servo.....................................................................................................................................................

LS Control Valve........................................................................................................................................

Power Servo ...............................................................................................................................................

Adjust .............................................................................................................................................................

Load Sensing Pressure LS1 ......................................................................................................................

Load Sensing Pressure LS2 ......................................................................................................................

Standby Pressure ......................................................................................................................................

Power Control Valve..................................................................................................................................

Main Control Valve ............................................................................................................................................

Description .....................................................................................................................................................

Adjustment.....................................................................................................................................................

Relief Pressures.........................................................................................................................................

Main .......................................................................................................................................................

Derricking Up........................................................................................................................................

Derricking Down ...................................................................................................................................

Telescoping Out .....................................................................................................................................

Telescoping In........................................................................................................................................

Spreader Supply....................................................................................................................................

Spreader Standby..................................................................................................................................

Steering Supply.....................................................................................................................................

Derricking Cylinder ..............................................................................................................................

Flow Control Settings ...............................................................................................................................

Derricking Down Speed ............................................................................................................................

Derricking Up Speed .................................................................................................................................

Telescoping Speeds ....................................................................................................................................

Steering ..............................................................................................................................................................

HR45-25, HR45-27, HR45-31, and HR40S...................................................................................................

Description.................................................................................................................................................

Adjust .........................................................................................................................................................

HR45-36L, HR45-40LS, and HR45-45LSX ..................................................................................................

Description.................................................................................................................................................

Pilot System .......................................................................................................................................................

Pilot Pump .....................................................................................................................................................

Telescoping Retract Control Valve............................................................................................................

Manipulator Pressure Valve .....................................................................................................................

Description ............................................................................................................................................

Operation...............................................................................................................................................

Adjust.....................................................................................................................................................

Engine Cooling System .............................................................................................................................

Adjust (Standby Pressure)....................................................................................................................

Adjust (Maximum Pump Pressure)......................................................................................................

Hydraulic Cooling System .................................................................................................................................

Description .....................................................................................................................................................

Brake Oil Cooling System .................................................................................................................................

Description .....................................................................................................................................................

Table of Contents

Hydraulic System YardMaster

TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)

Adjust .............................................................................................................................................................

100 Bar Relief Valve ..................................................................................................................................

Service Brakes....................................................................................................................................................

Description .....................................................................................................................................................

Parking Brake ....................................................................................................................................................

Description .....................................................................................................................................................

This section is for the following models:

HR45-25, HR45-27, HR45-31, HR45-40S, HR45-36L, HR45-40LS,

HR45-45LSX, HR45H [B227]

1900 SRM 1107

Description

This section describes the hydraulic system at the
frame side of the Laden Yardmaster.

A location

overview of the hydraulic system components is
shown in Figure 1.

Related items for the hydraulic system can be found
in the following:
• Electrical System 2200 SRM 1106
• Diagrams 8000 SRM 1084

• Boom 4500 SRM 787
• Extendable Container Attachment, PPM 5000

SRM 1063

NOTE: Information on the Elme spreaders can be
found in Extendable Container Attachment 5000
SRM 776.

PUMP COOLING SYSTEM

SERVICE BRAKE AND PILOT PUMP

FUEL TANK

PARK BRAKE SOLENOID VALVE

MAIN HYDRAULIC PUMP

MAIN HYDRAULIC OIL TANK

AIR CONDITIONING CONDENSER

BRAKE OIL TANK

5H 9’6" RETRACT TELESCOPING CONTROL
VALVE

10. 170 bar (2466 psi) LOAD SENSING SWITCH
11. 210 bar (3046 psi) LOAD SENSING SWITCH
12. SPREADER AND BOOM CONTROL SOLENOIDS
13. OPTIONAL DEAD MAN SOLENOID
14. OPTIONAL WINCH CONTROL VALVE

15. JOYSTICK PRESSURE VALVE
16. 4H 9’6" RETRACT TELESCOPING CONTROL

VALVE

17. AIR/COOLANT/TRANSMISSION OIL COOLER
18. BRAKE ACCUMULATOR
19. HYDRAULIC AND BRAKE SYSTEM OIL COOLER
20. HYDRAULIC SYSTEM FILTER
21. BRAKE SYSTEM FILTER
22. BRAKE COOLING PRESSURE REGULATOR
23. BRAKE COOLING SOLENOID VALVE
24. HYDRAULIC AND BRAKE SYSTEM COOLING

PUMP

25. TRANSMISSION OIL FILTERS
26. ENGINE AIR FILTER

Figure 1. Hydraulic System Components Location

Main Hydraulic Pump

1900 SRM 1107

MAIN HYDRAULIC TANK

The hydraulic tank is located at the RH side of the
frame. At the side of the truck, a sight glass indi-
cates the hydraulic oil level. When the running board
cover above the tank is open, the breather and the
general oil return are accessible. The breather also
serves as the fill plug. The general oil return bracket

incorporates the oil return screen, which is accessi-
ble after the bracket is removed.

Just in front of the cover is the suction shutoff, which
allows replacement of pump suction hoses without
having to empty the entire tank. Verify the suction
valve is open before starting the engine.

Main Hydraulic Pump

DESCRIPTION

The main hydraulic pump provides oil pressure to
the steering system, boom, and spreader functions.
All other hydraulic functions use separate oil pumps.
The main hydraulic pump is a variable displacement
pump with two identical sections. See Figure 2.

Figure 2 shows only one section of the pump.
Each section consists of a housing with nine pump
plungers. The housing, with the plungers, rotates
and is driven by the pump shaft. The plungers are
connected with a disc by joints. The position of the
plunger in the housing depends on the position of
the disc.

The disc rotates in a cutaway of the swash plate.
When the swash plate is at an angle, the disc will
rotate at the same angle.

The joints in the disc

will follow the induced axial movement, forcing the
plungers in the housing to make the same stroke
at each revolution. When the swash plate is level,
the plungers will not make a stroke. The angle of
the swash plate determines the volume displaced by
the plungers which relates directly to pump supply
volume. See Main Pump Controller.

LOAD SENSING PRESSURE

Oil leaves the pump via a variable metering orifice
in the pump control valve. Independently of the flow,

the variable metering orifice causes a pressure drop
between 22 and 25 bar (319 and 363 psi). The vari-
able metering orifice is adjusted by regulators LS1
and LS2 on the pump control valve. This implies that
delivered pump oil pressure is always 22 bar (319 psi)
lower than the pressure at the pump plungers. See
Figure 3.

The pressure measured immediately after the meter-
ing orifice is called Load Sense (LS) Pressure. LS
pressure tends to get lower at increasing flow and
tends to get higher at decreasing flow. The absolute
LS pressure varies almost according to pump pres-
sure.

To properly detect variations in load sense pressure,
the LS pressure line is separately connected with the
LS controller. The LS pressure line and LS controller
are also connected with the priority valves in the
main control valve with the steering system. To ob-
tain one signal for both pump sections, the LS1 and
LS2 ports are interconnected at the main pump and
at the main control valve.

When flow demand increases, the initially higher LS
pressure will escape via the priority valves to the
function being operated. The resulting pressure drop
in the LS pressure line is signalled by the LS con-
troller in the pump control system.

1900 SRM 1107

Main Hydraulic Pump

LOAD SENSING SERVO

PLUNGER

PLUNGER HOUSING

SWASH PLATE

POWER SERVO

PUMP SHAFT

SPRING

DISC

JOINT

10. PRESSURE PORT
11. SUCTION PORT

Figure 2. Main Hydraulic Pump

MAIN PUMP CONTROLLER

The pump controller contains servos and the LS con-
trol valve, which manipulate the angle of the swash
plate. The pump controller consists of the bigger LS
servo, LS control valve, and the smaller power servo.

When there is no oil pressure, the spring will move
the swash plate towards maximum supply. When

there is high oil pressure, the bigger LS servo will
overcome forces of both the spring and the smaller
power servo and moves the swash plate toward min-
imum supply.

The position of the swash plate is primarily deter-
mined by the pressure in the LS servo, which is reg-
ulated by the LS control valve.

Main Hydraulic Pump

1900 SRM 1107

LOAD SENSING LINE

LS CONTROL VALVE

POWER SERVO

LS SERVO

PUMP

SWASH PLATE

VARIABLE METERING ORIFICE

Figure 3. Main Pump Controller

LS Servo

The LS servo is directly connected with the swash
plate. The piston side of the LS servo receives pres-
sure from the LS control valve. The rod side is di-
rectly pressurized by pump pressure. Apart from a
spring that moves the LS servo toward maximum
supply, the pressure difference between the pump
and the LS control valve determines the position of
the LS servo.

LS Control Valve

The LS control valve controls pressure at the piston
side of the LS servo by comparing pump pressure
with load sense (LS) pressure. At higher pressure
differences, when LS pressure is relatively low, pres-
sure for the LS servo is drained to tank. The LS servo
will move the swash plate toward maximum supply.

At relatively higher LS pressures, when there is less
oil demand, the spool supplies pump pressure to the
LS servo, which will move the swash plate to mini-
mum supply.

The LS controller cannot be adjusted separately, but
its function relates to the pressure settings of LS1
and LS2. See Adjust.

Power Servo

Maximum supply flow of the pump is 420 liter
(111 gal) per minute at 2350 rpm.

This supply

flow would overload the engine at higher pressures.
When demanded oil flow and pressure represent
a higher engine power than the available engine
power, the power servo reduces supply flow by pres-
surizing the LS servo. See Figure 4.

1900 SRM 1107

Main Hydraulic Pump

A. PRESSURE
B. FLOW

MAIN RELIEF VALVE PRESSURE

POWER REGULATION

MAXIMUM SUPPLY

Figure 4. Power Regulation

The pressure at which the power servo starts pres-
surizing the LS servo depends on the absolute pump
pressure and the momentary force of the power
servo spring.

The momentary force of the power

servo spring depends on the position of the swash
plate (equal to pump supply).

The power servo

spring is less compressed at maximum pump supply,
allowing the power servo to be opened more easily.

At decreasing oil supply, it takes a higher pump pres-
sure until the power servo opens to pressurize the LS
servo. When pump supply volume has decreased to
a third of maximum supply, the power servo will no
longer open. This is because the maximum system
pressure has been reached, which is determined by
the main relief valve.

The power servos are adjusted regulators X1 and X2
for each of the pump sections. See Adjust.

To cover for low power at idle engine speeds or just
above, oil supply is reduced by the manipulator
valve. See Manipulator Pressure Valve.

ADJUST

NOTE: Adjustments must be made with engine tem-
perature 60 to 80 C (140 to 176 F) and with hydraulic
oil temperature between 45 to 65 C (113 to 149 F).
The engine must be running at full speed, spreader
fitted, no load.

Load Sensing Pressure LS1

NOTE:

To set pressure at the load sense line, regula-

tors LS1 and LS2 have to be isolated, and pressures
have to be set independently. See Figure 5.

Disconnect the LS2 connection from the pump
and plug the open connections. See Figure 6.

Install a pressure gauge of 600 bar (8702 psi) at
port M on the main control valve. See Figure 7.

X1 TEST PORT

X1 POWER REGULATOR

X2 POWER REGULATOR

X2 TEST PORT

LS2 REGULATOR

LS1 REGULATOR

DUMMY

LS2 PORT

PUMP CONTROLLER

Figure 5. Pump Controller Adjustments

Main Hydraulic Pump

1900 SRM 1107

A. LS1 PRESSURE SETTING
B. LS2 PRESSURE SETTING

LS1 PORT

LS1 REGULATOR

LS2 REGULATOR

LS2 PORT

PLUG

CONTROLLER

Figure 6. LS1 and LS2 Pressure Settings

Install a pressure gauge of 600 bar (8702 psi) at
the load sensing pressure line.

Run engine at 1200 rpm.

Operate sideshift function left to right and adjust
pressure regulator LS1 between 22 to 25 bar (319
to 363 psi) during operation of the sideshift func-
tion.

Remove the plugs and reconnect the LS2 load
sensing line.

Load Sensing Pressure LS2

Pressure setting for LS2 is similar for LS1. To set
LS2 pressure, isolate LS1 from the LS line. See De-
scription and Figure 6.

To avoid interference at the load sense controllers,
pressures at LS1 and LS2 may NOT be identical.
Maintain a difference of about 2 bar (29 psi). The
pump produces a noise when the difference in pres-
sure is too small.

Standby Pressure

NOTE:

To verify the minimum available pressure,

measure the pump pressure at the main valve bank
at port M. See Figure 7.

Run engine at idle with no functions operating.

NOTE:

Standby pressure must be 30 to 35 bar (435

to 508 psi).

Adjust LS1 and LS2 accordingly.

Power Control Valve

Install a pressure gauge of 600 bar (8702 psi) on
following points:
• Port M on the main control valve
• Pressure plugs X1 and X2 on the main pump

At the main control valve, temporarily set the
pressure at 180 bar (2611 psi) at full throttle for
following relief valves:
• Boom derricking up relief valves B3 and B4
• The two main relief valves (at M and at port

P1)

NOTE:

For a smooth transition to the power regulat-

ing mode, set X1 and X2 at a pressure difference of
about 3 bar (44 psi).

Adjust power regulators X1 and X2 at full throt-
tle to 80 bar (1160 psi) ±10 bar (145 psi).

Adjust the main relief valves to 420 bar (6092 psi)
and the derricking up relief valves to 350 bar
(5076 psi).

1900 SRM 1107

Main Control Valve

DESCRIPTION

The main control valve consists of six sections, which
are held together with tie rods. The two outer sec-
tions serve as a hydraulic connection for the four in-
ner sections. Openings in the sections interconnect
with pump supply, load sense line, and tank return.

The steering priority valves block hydraulic flow to
the four inner functions when load sense pressure at
the steering side is lower than load sense pressure at
the inner sections. See Figure 7 and Figure 8.

The RH outer, P1 section has a bolted-on steering
priority valve and an integrated main relief valve,
which is normally set to 420 bar (6092 psi).

The LH outer section has, in addition to the 420 bar
(6092 psi) main relief valve, a 220 bar (3191 psi)
steering relief valve, a steering priority valve and the
bolted-on 25 bar (363 psi) standby pressure valve for
the spreader.

The four inner sections are for the spreader, telescop-
ing, and derricking functions. Each inner section has
a spool that opens proportionally with pilot pressure
at the ZA and ZB ports. Flow rate of the spools is ad-
justed by reducing or extending the maximum spool
stroke with an adjustment bolt.

The location of the flow control valves is at the A side
of the main valve. Relief valves for A ports are lo-
cated at the A side of the valve. Relief valves for B
ports are located at the B side of the valve. For the
location of the various ports, see Figure 7 and Fig-
ure 8.

Control valve sections cannot be repaired, except for
replacing relief valves or exchanging seal kits. If the
control spool is being removed, the mounting bolts
must be secured with oil resistant Loctite

Table 1. Main Control Valve Torque

Specifications

Item

Specification

Tie rod nuts

100 ±10 N•m (74 ±7 lbf ft)

Tie rod lock nut

60 ±10 N•m (44 ±7 lbf ft)

Relief valves

85 ±10 N•m (63 ±7 lbf ft)

Flow valves

100 ±10 N•m (74 ±7 lbf ft)

Pilot ports

17 ±5 N•m (13 ±4 lbf ft)

Load sense plug

17 ±5 N•m (13 ±4 lbf ft)

MAIN SECTION

SPREADER SECTION

TELESCOPING SECTION

DERRICKING SECTION

STEERING PRIORITY VALVE

SPREADER STANDBY RELIEF VALVE

STEERING RELIEF VALVE, P2

Figure 7. Main Control Valve Ports

Main Control Valve

1900 SRM 1107

A PORT RELIEF VALVES

B1 PORT

P1 PORT

A2 PORT

B2 PORT

R2 PORT

A4 PORT

B3 PORT

ZA PILOT PORTS

B PORT RELIEF VALVES

B4 PORT

ZB PILOT PORTS

STEERING/MAIN VALVE SECTION

SPREADER VALVE SECTION

TELESCOPING VALVE SECTION

DERRICKING VALVE SECTION

MAIN RELIEF VALVE SECTION

FLOW CONTROL VALVES

Figure 8. Main Control Valve Ports, Alternate View

ADJUSTMENT

Relief Pressures

Main

Attach a pressure gauge of 600 bar (8702 psi) at
port M. See Figure 7.

Temporarily increase the pressure of the derrick-
ing up relief valves, B3 and B4, to over 420 bar
(6092 psi).

Fully raise the boom and keep the joystick in der-
ricking position.

Adjust the two main relief valves to 420 bar
(6092 psi) with the engine at full throttle.

With the boom still raised, reset the derricking
up relief valves, B3 and B4, to 350 bar (5076 psi).

Derricking Up

Attach a pressure gauge of 600 bar (8702 psi) at
port M.

Fully raise the boom and keep the joystick in der-
ricking position.

With the engine at full throttle, set the derricking
up relief valves, B3 and B4, to 350 bar (5076 psi).

Derricking Down

Attach a pressure gauge of 600 bar (8702 psi) at
port M.

1900 SRM 1107

Main Control Valve

Fully lower the boom and keep the joystick in
derricking down position.

With the engine at full throttle, set the derricking
down relief valve A4 to 110 bar (1595 psi).

Telescoping Out

Attach a pressure gauge of 600 bar (8702 psi) at
port M.

Fully extend the boom and keep the joystick in
the extending position.

With the engine at full throttle, set extension re-
lief valve A2 to 350 bar (5076 psi).

Telescoping In

Attach a pressure gauge of 600 bar (8702 psi) at
port M.

Fully retract the boom and keep the joystick in
retraction position.

With the engine at full throttle, set retraction
relief valve B2 to 190 bar (2756 psi).

Spreader Supply

Attach a pressure gauge of 600 bar (8702 psi) at
port M.

Disconnect solenoids E16 and E17 at the
spreader control valve.

Operate and hold the sideshift lever.

With the engine at full throttle, set spreader sup-
ply relief valve B1 to 200 bar (2901 psi).

Reconnect solenoids E16 and E17.

Spreader Standby

Remove and plug the hose from port Z.

Attach a pressure gauge at port Z.

Remove the plug from the relief valve.

Run the engine at elevated idle and set the
spreader standby relief valve to 25 bar (363 psi).

Replace the plug, remove the gauge, and recon-
nect the hose to port Z.

Steering Supply

Attach a pressure gauge of 600 bar (8702 psi) at
port M.

Operate the steering wheel at full stroke.

With the engine at full throttle, set steering sup-
ply relief valve P2 to 220 bar (3191 psi).

Derricking Cylinder

Maximum occurring pressure at the derricking cylin-
der is set at the holding valve. See Boom 4500 SRM
787 for adjustment procedure.

For adjustment of the spreader functions see Ex-
tendable Container Attachment, PPM 5000
SRM 1063 and for boom functions see Boom 4500
SRM 787.

Flow Control Settings

Hydraulic oil flow is checked by measuring the time
required to complete a specific movement. To speed
up, increase flow by loosening the socket head screw
at the flow control valve. To slow down, restrict flow
by tightening the socket head screw.

Derricking Down Speed

Derricking down speed is set at the holding valves
on the derricking cylinders, if flow control valve A4
provides sufficient flow.

Establish the correct setting of the flow control valve
at A4 as follows:

NOTE:

Time required to fully lower the boom at full

throttle is 30 to 32 seconds.

Measure actual derricking down speed.

Adjust the holding valves as necessary.

See

Boom 4500 SRM 787.

Tighten the flow control valve at A4 until derrick-
ing down speed is reduced.

Release the socket head screw until flow restric-
tion is again influenced by the holding valves.

Steering

1900 SRM 1107

Derricking Up Speed

NOTE: First adjust derricking down speed before ad-
justing derricking up speed.

Derricking up speed is set by the flow control valves
at A3 and A4. The total resulting flow of ports B3 and
B4 determines the derricking up speed. Try to keep
the setting of B3 and B4 at an equal value by keep-
ing the socket head screws equally tightened. When
derricking up speed has to be reduced, tighten flow
control valve A3. Do not tighten A4, because this will

affect derricking down speed as well. Time to derrick
up completely at full throttle is 22 to 23 seconds.

Telescoping Speeds

Both telescoping retraction and extension speeds are
restricted by the flow control valve at A2. This im-
plies that a compromise must be found between both
speeds. The time required to fully extend the tele-
scoping cylinder is 28 to 30 seconds. The time re-
quired to fully retract is 25 to 28 seconds.

Steering

HR45-25, HR45-27, HR45-31, AND HR40S

Description

The supply oil to the steering control unit comes from
port P2 in the main control valve. Pressure of port P2
is controlled by the steering relief valve, which is set
at 220 bar (3191 psi). See Figure 7.

The relief pressure of the steering control unit must
be set a little higher to prevent an almost continuous
flow over the relief. The 20 bar (290 psi) pressure
difference is to absorb shocks caused by objects or
bumps in the road.

Depending on the rotation of the steering wheel, the
steering control unit pressurizes and relieves oil at
the desired side of the steering cylinder.

Flow demand is monitored by the LS (Load Sense)
line.

When the steering wheel is turned, the in-

creased flow demand will drop pressure in the LS
line, which results into an increased supply by the
main pump. A pressure drop in the LS line also ac-
tuates the steering priority valves 1 and 2 at either
side of the main valve, blocking off oil flow to other
functions. See Figure 9.

When the engine is not running, a check valve in the
line between P2 and the steering control unit closes
and permits the steering control unit to operate as
a hydraulic motor. The vehicle is difficult to steer
without sufficient oil supply, but steering is possible.

Figure 9. Steering Schematic

Adjust

NOTE:

Maximum supply pressure is set by the steer-

ing relief valve on the main control valve.

Install a pressure gauge of 600 bar (8702 psi) at
main pressure port M on the main control valve.

With the engine at full throttle and the steering
cylinder at full stroke, adjust the relief valve P2
to obtain 220 bar (3191 psi).

1900 SRM 1107

Pilot System

HR45-36L, HR45-40LS, AND HR45-45LSX

Description

The supply oil to the steering amplifier comes from
port P2 in the main control valve. Pressure of port P2
is controlled by the steering relief valve on the main
control valve, which is set at 220 bar (3191 psi). See
Figure 7.

Oil from the main control valve enters the flow am-
plifier at port HP, where the priority valve either di-
rects oil to the steering system or to the relief valve,
which is set at 210 bar (3046 psi). Relieved oil drains
to the tank via port HT.

The directional valve spool is moved by oil from the
steering control unit. This allows oil flow to the am-
plifier valve and to open connections between the
steering cylinder and amplifier valve.

Oil from the steering control unit to the amplifier
valve, opens the connection between port HP and
the directional valve. A poppet valve prevents pump

pressure to enter the line of the steering control unit.
The steering cylinder is now pressurized by oil from
the main control valve until the amplifier valve is
closed by oil pressure of the steering control unit.

Flow demand is monitored by the LS (Load Sense)
line.

When the steering wheel is turned, the in-

creased flow demand will drop pressure in the LS
line, which results into increased supply by the main
pump. A pressure drop in the LS line also actuates
the steering priority valves 1 and 2 at either side of
the main valve, blocking off oil flow to other func-
tions.

The cushion and suction valves reduce pressure
peaks in the steering cylinder and avoid cavitation
when there is force on the steering wheels.

NOTE:

Steering the lift truck manually can be diffi-

cult.

When the engine is OFF, it is possible to steer the
vehicle by rotating the steering wheel manually.

Pilot System

PILOT PUMP

The pilot pump is bolted on the service brake pump
at the right rear side of the engine.

The pilot pump provides oil pressure to the following
systems:
• Telescoping retract valve
• Manipulator pressure valve
• Joystick
• Optional sliding cab system

Telescoping Retract Control Valve

Pilot pump oil pressure is controlled by an 80 bar
(1160 psi) relief valve, located close to the manipu-
lator pressure valve. When the pressure from joy-
stick port 2 has exceeded 7 bar (102 psi), the telescop-
ing retract valve is opened. The telescoping retract
valve is located near port F of the steering section
of the main control valve. The opened retract valve
causes pilot pump pressure to be transferred to the
holding valve of the telescoping cylinder, which will
be opened. Main pump oil flow causes the telescop-
ing cylinder to retract. See Boom 4500 SRM 787.

Manipulator Pressure Valve

Description

The manipulator pressure valve reduces pilot pump
pressure to maximum 26 bar (377 psi) and transfers
oil to the joystick and to the throttle pedal.

Depending on the pressure in the LS line, solenoids
E9, E10, and E11 are opened or closed. Each sole-
noid resets to its own set pressure, as long as all pilot
pump supply can escape through the 3 mm (0.12 in.)
restriction behind the relief valve. The lowest pos-
sible relief pressure at lowest pilot pump supply (at
engine idle) is 13 bar (189 psi). At increasing engine
speed, the 3 mm (0.12 in.) restriction will not be able
to relieve all excess oil. Pressure will rise gradually
until the 26 bar (377 psi) relief valve opens.

Pressure at the joystick pressure port is identical to
the output pressure of the manipulator valve. If pres-
sure at the joystick is at a lower level, 13 to 17 bar
(189 to 247 psi), then the proportional control spool in
the main valve can open only partially. The reduced
control spool movement limits oil demand from the
main pump.

Pilot System

1900 SRM 1107

Reducing the joystick pressure results in the follow-
ing:
• Preventing engine stalls at low speed and high sys-

tem pressure.

• Smoothing operation of the joystick at high system

pressure.

Operation

When ordering a replacement LS pressure switch,
the switch-on setting has to be adjusted. The red
setscrew at the top allows setting the switch-on pres-
sure to the required 170 or 210 bar (2466 of 3046 psi).
By turning the red setscrew clockwise, switching oc-
curs at higher pressures. By turning counterclock-
wise, switching occurs at lower pressures. Deter-
mine switch-on setting by connecting a voltmeter on
solenoid E9 for 170 bar (2466 psi) pressure, and on
solenoid E11 for 210 bar (3046 psi) pressure. Max-
imum torque for the hydraulic connection fitting is
70 N•m (52 lbf ft).

PRESSURE SWITCH 170 bar (2466 psi)

LOAD SENSING PRESSURE SWITCH PLUG

PRESSURE SWITCH 210 bar (3046 psi)

Figure 10. Load Sensing Pressure Switches

The manipulator valve reduces joystick pressure,
depending on the pressure in the load sense line.
Pressure in the LS line is measured by the 170 bar
(2466 psi) and 210 bar (3046 psi) LS pressure
switches.

Depending on the pressures measured,

solenoids E9, E10, and E11 of the manipulator valve
are opened or closed. When E10 and E11 are en-
ergized, the related spools are opened.

When E9

is energized, the related spool blocks oil flow. See
Figure 10, Figure 11, and Table 2.

FROM 8CC PILOT PUMP

TO JOYSTICK

Figure 11. Manipulator Pressure Valve

Schematic

1900 SRM 1107

Pilot System

Table 2. Pressures in Relation to the Position of Solenoids and Spools

Pressure at LS

Line

E9 Solenoid

Spool

E10 Solenoid

Spool

E11 Solenoid

Spool

Regulated

Control Pressure

Below 170 bar

(2466 psi)

De-energized

Open

De-energized

Blocked

De-energized

Blocked

17 to 26 bar

(247 to 377 psi)

170 to 210 bar

(2466 to 3046 psi)

Energized

Blocked

Energized

Open

De-energized

Blocked

15 to 26 bar

(218 to 377 psi)

Above 210 bar

(3046 psi)

Energized

Blocked

De-energized

Blocked

Energized

Open

13 to 26 bar

(189 to 377 psi)

Adjust

NOTE:

On the hydraulic schematic, the pressure plug

is connected with port U.

Attach a gauge of 60 bar (870 psi) at the pressure
plug of the manipulator pressure valve. See Fig-
ure 12.

SOLENOID (E9)

SOLENOID (E10)

SOLENOID (E11)

RELIEF VALVE 13 bar (189 psi)

RELIEF VALVE 15 bar (218 psi)

RELIEF VALVE 17 bar (247 psi)

RELIEF VALVE 26 bar (377 psi)

3 mm (0.12 in.) RESTRICTION

0.85 mm (0.033 in.) RESTRICTION

10. PRESSURE PLUG

Figure 12. Manipulator Pressure Valve

Adjust the 26 bar (377 psi) relief valve with the
engine at full throttle and without operating the
joystick.

Adjust the 17 bar (247 psi) relief valve at E9 with
the engine at idle and the joystick at full stroke
in the derricking down position.

Adjust the 15 bar (218 psi) relief valve at E10
with the engine at idle, solenoids E9 and E10,
and the joystick at full stroke in the derricking
up position.

Adjust the 13 bar (189 psi) relief valve at E11
with the engine at idle, solenoids E9 and E11 ac-
tivated, and the joystick at full stroke in the der-
ricking up position.

Engine Cooling System

A 28 cc variable displacement pump, which is fitted
at the transmission, provides oil flow to the engine
radiator fan motor. Oil flow provided depends on the
speed of the engine and the momentary displacement
of the pump, which depends on the pressure in the LS
line. For functioning and description of the pump,
see Main Hydraulic Pump.

The LS line of the pump is draining to the tank
through a restriction and two thermostat valves.
When there is no flow, the resulting high LS line
pressure governs the pump to minimum supply. At
minimum pump supply, the fan motor rotates at a
slow speed ratio compared with engine speed. The
thermostatic valves are located in the radiators for
coolant and transmission oil.

Thermostats begin

opening when fluid temperature in the radiators
has reached 87 C (189 F) and are completely open at
97 C (207 F). The LS line of the 28 cc cooling pump
starts draining when any of the two thermostats be-
gin to open. The resulting LS pressure drop causes
pump displacement to increase, resulting in higher
fan motor speed. In case of malfunction of the ther-
mostat(s), it is possible to drain the LS line to the
tank by opening the manual shutoff valve located at
the coolant side of the radiator. When the manual
valve is opened, the fan will rotate continuously.

Hydraulic Cooling System

1900 SRM 1107

Adjust (Standby Pressure)

Attach a 250 bar (3626 psi) pressure gauge at the
pressure gauge fitting. See Figure 13.

Verify that the thermostats are closed, tempera-
ture well below 87 C (189 F).

Run engine at idle speed.

Adjust the standby pressure of the pump be-
tween 20 and 22 bar (290 and 319 psi), by
turning the upper screw marked X. The cooling
fan should rotate between 790 and 810 rpm.

Adjust (Maximum Pump Pressure)

Open the manual shutoff valve.

Run the engine at full throttle.

Adjust pump pressure between 135 to 140 bar
(1958 to 2031 psi), by turning the lower adjust-
ment screw. The cooling fan should rotate be-
tween 2200 and 2250 rpm.

STANDBY PRESSURE ADJUSTMENT

MAXIMUM PUMP PRESSURE ADJUSTMENT

PRESSURE GAUGE FITTING

Figure 13. Cooling Pump

Hydraulic Cooling System

DESCRIPTION

NOTE: There are no adjustments for the hydraulic
cooling system. In case of malfunction, individual
components have to be checked or replaced.

The hydraulic cooling system also serves as the by-
pass filtering system of the main hydraulic system.

The hydraulic oil cooling pump, which is fitted at the
LH front of the engine, provides a continuous oil flow
from the tank, through the radiator and oil filter, and
then back to the tank. See Figure 14.

The radiator is protected by a relief valve, which
opens when fluid resistance exceeds 5 bar (73 psi).
When the temperature of the radiator has reached
45 C (113 F), the temperature sensor switches ON
solenoid E13, causing the oil cooler fan to turn. The
temperature sensor switches OFF when tempera-
ture has come down to 34 C (93 F). See Brake Oil
Cooling System.

The oil filter clogging sensor is set slightly lower than
the 3.5 bar (51 psi) of the filter relief pressure. After
it is filtered, oil returns to the main tank.

1900 SRM 1107

Hydraulic Cooling System

COLD OIL BYPASS

BRAKE OIL COOLER

HYDRAULIC OIL COOLER

COLD OIL BYPASS

BRAKE COOLING SOLENOID

HYDRAULIC SYSTEM COOLING PUMP

BRAKE SYSTEM COOLING PUMP

MAIN HYDRAULIC TANK

BREATHER

10. BRAKE COOLING OIL TANK
11. HYDRAULIC SYSTEM FILTER
12. SERVICE BRAKE
13. BRAKE SYSTEM OIL FILTER
14. FAN MOTOR
15. TEMPERATURE SENSOR

Figure 14. Brake and Main Hydraulic Oil Cooling System

Brake Oil Cooling System

1900 SRM 1107

Brake Oil Cooling System

DESCRIPTION

Cooling system for the brakes is separated from
the rest of the hydraulic system and has a separate
30 liter (8 gal) oil tank at the RH side of the truck.

The brake oil pump provides a continuous oil flow
from the tank, through the radiators and the service
brakes, and then back to the tank.

When oil is cold, brake cooling solenoid E13 bypasses
oil flow past the fan motor. As a consequence, the fan
motor will not turn. See Figure 15.

CHECK VALVE

MANIFOLD

SOLENOID VALVE

RELIEF VALVE

Figure 15. Oil Cooler Solenoid Valve

Solenoid E13 is controlled by the temperature sen-
sors in the radiators for the brake system and in the
radiator for the main hydraulic system. When ei-
ther of these sensors has reached 45 C (113 F), so-
lenoid E13 is activated, which forces brake cooling
oil to pass through the fan motor. The temperature
sensors switch OFF when temperature is at or below
34 C (93 F).

When solenoid E13 is activated during higher en-
gine speeds, the inertia of the cooling motor and fan
causes a pressure peak. This pressure peak is cush-
ioned by the 100 bar (1450 psi) relief valve.

The radiators are protected by a relief valve, which
opens when fluid resistance exceeds 10 bar (145 psi).

Before entering the service brakes, oil is filtered. The
filter clogging sensor is set slightly lower than the
3.5 bar (51 psi) of the filter relief pressure.

At each end of the drive axle, three hoses are fitted.
The top hose is for cooling oil supply and the middle
hose is for cooling oil return. The bottom hose con-
nects with the service brake system. After having
cooled the brakes, oil is driven back into the brake
tank.

ADJUST

100 Bar Relief Valve

NOTE:

Maximum pressure will occur directly after

bypassing the temperature switch. Once the fan mo-
tor and fan have reached speed, the pressure mea-
sured will drop. To obtain proper circumstances for
a next measurement, the bypass has to be discon-
nected and the fan has to be stopped. Repeat the
pressure check at least once, after the relief valve has
been set to 100 bar (1450 psi).

Loosen the relief valve. See Figure 15.

Attach a 250 bar (3626 psi) pressure gauge at the
brake cooling pump. See Figure 16.

Run the engine at full throttle.

Bypass one of the temperature switches at the
radiators to activate solenoid E13.

Adjust the relief valve to 100 bar (1450 psi).

Remove the pressure gauge and bypass at the
switch.

1900 SRM 1107

Service Brakes

Figure 16. Oil Cooling Pumps

Legend for Figure 16

PRESSURE PLUG

BRAKE COOLING PUMP

HYDRAULIC SYSTEM COOLING PUMP

Service Brakes

DESCRIPTION

NOTE: For further information, see Service Brake
1800 SRM 1038.

The brake oil pump is fitted at the RH side of the en-
gine and provides oil pressure to the brake control
valve. When the brake pedal is applied, the brake
pistons in the drive axle push against the friction
discs for braking action. Releasing the pedal relieves
pressure from the brake pistons. See Figure 17.

The pressure regulator maintains pressure at
160 bar (2321 psi) for the brake pedal valve, park
brake cylinder, and accumulator. Excess oil is re-
turned to the tank.

The brake control valve has two pressure switches.
The 105 bar (1523 psi) switch activates the brake
warning light, when regulated brake pressure is be-
low 105 bar (1523 psi). The 5 bar (73 psi) switch acti-
vates the brake lights, when the brakes are applied.

The accumulator has the capability to provide a lim-
ited supply of oil when the brake pump has stopped.
As oil pressure is being used up, the lights for park
brake and low brake pressure will go ON, the APC
100 will switch the transmission into neutral, and
the springs in the park brake caliper will overcome
residual pressure and gradually apply the park
brake.

Service Brakes

1900 SRM 1107

Figure 17. Service Brake Schematic

1900 SRM 1107

Parking Brake

Legend for Figure 17

BRAKE PEDAL

ACCUMULATOR

BRAKE CONTROL VALVE

LOW BRAKE PRESSURE SWITCH

PRESSURE REGULATOR

FROM SERVICE BRAKE PUMP

PARKING BRAKE SWITCH

BRAKE COOLING LINE

SERVICE BRAKE

10. BRAKE LIGHT PRESSURE SWITCH
11. PARKING BRAKE SOLENOID

Parking Brake

DESCRIPTION

The parking brake system uses a disc brake that is
installed at the rear of the differential. Spring force
applies the disc brake. When applying oil pressure
to the piston, spring pressure is overcome, which re-
leases the parking brake.

Oil pressure from the brake control valve is admit-
ted to the disc brake by energizing parking brake
solenoid E227. When pressure has reached 105 bar
(1523 psi), the two pressure switches will open. One
is for the Park Brake Warning Light to go OFF and
the second switch is for the APC 100 system to allow
a gear to be selected. See Figure 18.

SOLENOID VALVE

MANIFOLD

PRESSURE SWITCH

PARKING BRAKE SWITCH

PLUG

Figure 18. Parking Brake Solenoid Valve

NOTES

____________________________________________________________

TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS

1900 SRM 1107

1/04 Printed in United Kingdom

Document Outline

toc
tables
- Table 1. Main Control Valve Torque Specifications
- Table 2. Pressures in Relation to the Position of Solenoids and

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