ENGLISH
/p/ – voiceless bilabial plosive
/b/ – voiced bilabial plosive
/t/ – voiceless alveolar plosive
/d/ – voiced alveolar plosive
/k/ – voiceless velar plosive
/g/ – voiced velar plosive
/ʧ/ – voiceless palato-alveolar affricate (as in
choose)
/ʤ/ – voiced palato-alveolar affricate (as in
jump)
/f/ – voiceless labio-dental fricative
/v/ – voiced labio-dental fricative (as in
vast)
/θ/ – voiceless (inter)dental fricative (as in
think)
/ð/ – voiced (inter)dental fricative (as in
they)
/s/ – voiceless alveolar fricative
/z/ – voiced alveolar fricative
/ʃ/ – voiceless palato-alveolar fricative (as in
shop)
/ʒ/ – voiced palato-alveolar fricative (as in
pleasure)
/h/ – voiceless glottal fricative (as in
huge)
/m/ – bilabial nasal
/n/ – alveolar nasal
/ŋ/ – velar nasal (as in
sing)
/l/ – alveolar lateral
/r/ – post-alveolar frictionless continuant (approximant)
/w/ – labio-velar glide (semi-vowel) (as in
wood)
/j/ – palatal glide (semi-vowel)
bilabial labio-dental (inter)dental alveolar post-alveolar
palato-alveolar palatal velar glottal
obs
truen
ts
plosive
p, b
t, d
k, g
affricate
ʧ, ʤ
fricative
f, v
θ, ð
s, z
ʃ, ʒ
h
sonora
nt
s
nasal
m
n
ŋ
lateral
l
approximant
r
glide
(w)
j
(w)
POLISH
bilabial labio-dental (post)dental alveolar
post-alveolar
palatal velar
obs
truen
ts
plosive
p, b
t, d
k, g
affricate
c, dz
č, ǰ
ć, dź
fricative
f, v
s, z
š, ž
ś, ź
x
sonora
nt
s
nasal
m
n
ń
lateral
l
trill
r
glide
(w)
j
(w)
/p/ – voiceless bilabial plosive
/b/ – voiced bilabial plosive
/t/ – voiceless (post)dental plosive
/d/ – voiced (post)dental plosive
/k/ – voiceless velar plosive
/g/ – voiced velar plosive
/c/ – voiceless (post)dental affricate
/dz/ – voiced (post)dental affricate
/č/ – voiceless post-alveolar affricate (as in
czapka)
/ǰ/ – voiced post-alveolar affricate (as in
dżuma)
/ć/ – voiceless palatal affricate
/dź/ – voiced palatal affricate
/f/ – voiceless labio-dental fricative
/v/ – voiced labio-dental fricative (as in
woda)
/s/ – voiceless (post)dental fricative
/z/ – voiced (post)dental fricative
/š/ – voiceless post-alveolar fricative (as in
szary)
/ž/ – voiced post-alveolar fricative (as in
rzeka)
/ś/ – voiceless palatal fricative
/ź/ – voiced palatal fricative
/x/ – voiceless velar fricative (as in
chleb)
/m/ – bilabial nasal
/n/ – (post)dental nasal
/ń/ – palatal nasal
/l/ – alveolar lateral
/r/ – alveolar trill
/w/ – labio-velar glide (semi-vowel) (as in
łysy)
/j/ – palatal glide (semi-vowel)
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