20
:*LO-0RW\ND6\VWHP\OLQRZHGR]U\ZNLGUHZQD±ZF]RUDMLG]LĞ
5[UVGO[NKPQYGFQ\T[YMKFTGYPCtYE\QTCLKF\Kć
:DOGHPDU*LO-RDQQD0RW\ND
Abstrakt.
:SUDF\DXWRU]\SU]HGVWDZLDMąU\VKLVWRU\F]Q\UR]ZRMXV\VWHPyZ
OLQRZ\FKGR]U\ZNLGUHZQDQDĞZLHFLHLZ3ROVFH2PDZLDVLĊWDNĪHZDG\
L]DOHW\V\VWHPyZOLQRZ\FKDWDNĪHFKDUDNWHU\]XMHVLĊGREUHL]áHVWURQ\QLHNWy
U\FKZ\EUDQ\FKV\VWHPyZOLQRZ\FK]U\QNXĞZLDWRZHJR:GDOV]HMNROHMQRĞFL
DXWRU]\G\VNXWXMąHZROXFMĊWHFKQLF]QRWHFKQRORJLF]QąV\VWHPyZOLQRZ\FKGR
]U\ZNLGUHZQD1D]DNRĔF]HQLHUR]ZDĪDVLĊSUREOHPNRV]WyZ]U\ZNLOLQRZHM
LOXVWUXMąF]DJDGQLHQLHSU]\NáDGRZ\P]HVWDZLHQLHPNRV]WyZHWDSRZHM]U\ZNL
GUHZQD]XG]LDáHPGĨZLJXOLQRZHJR/DUL[LIRUZDUGHUD-RKQ'HHUHRUD]
FHQVSU]HGDĪ\QHWWRZ\EUDQ\FKVRUW\PHQWyZĞZLHUNRZ\FKZ1DGOHĞQLFWZLH
:ĊJLHUVND*yUND
6áRZDNOXF]RZHNROHMNLLGĨZLJLOLQRZHKLVWRULDV\VWHPyZOLQRZ\FKZDG\
L]DOHW\V\VWHPyZOLQRZ\FK
$EVWUDFW&DEOHV\VWHPVIRUWLPEHUH[WUDFWLRQ±\HVWHUGD\DQGWRGD\
,QWKHSDSHUDXWKRUVSUHVHQWKLVWRULFDORXWOLQHRIFDEOHV\VWHPVIRUWLPEHU
H[WUDFWLRQGHYHORSPHQWLQZRUOGDQGLQ3RODQG7KHUHDUHDOVRGLVFXVVHG
GUDZEDFNVDQGDGYDQWDJHVRIFDEOHV\VWHPVDVZHOODVFKDUDFWHULVWLFVRIVWUHQJWKV
DQGZHDNQHVVHVRIVRPHVHOHFWHGFDEOHV\VWHPVIURPWKHZRUOGPDUNHW$IWHU
WKDWDXWKRUVDUHGLVFXVVLQJWKHWHFKQLFDODQGWHFKQRORJLFDOHYROXWLRQRIFDEOH
V\VWHPVIRUWLPEHUH[WUDFWLRQ)LQDOO\RQHWDONVDERXWWKHSUREOHPRIFRVWV
RIFDEOH\DUGLQJH[HPSOL¿HGE\FRVWVOLVWLQJRIWZRVWDJHFDEOH\DUGLQJZLWK
/DUL[FDEOHFUDQHDQG-RKQ'HHUHIRUZDUGHUDQGQHWVHOOLQJSULFHVRIVHOHFWHG
VSUXFHWLPEHUDVVRUWPHQWVLQWKH:HJLHUVND*yUND)RUHVW'LVWULFW
Key words:
FDEOHZD\VDQGFDEOHFUDQHVKLVWRU\RIFDEOHV\VWHPVGLVDGYDQWDJHV
DQGDGYDQWDJHVRIFDEOHV\VWHPV
5\VKLVWRU\F]Q\]DVWRVRZDĔNROHMHNLGĨZLJyZOLQRZ\FK
:(XURSLHOLQ\]ZáyNLHQQDWXUDOQ\FKGRWUDQVSRUWXGUHZQDVWRVXMHVLĊRGUDGUXWX
VWDORZHJRGRWUDQVSRUWXGUHZQDXĪ\á+RKHQVWHLQZU]DĞV\VWHPOLQVWDORZ\FKRSDWHQWR
ZDQRZ$QJOLLZU6DPVHW
.ROHENąV\VWHPyZOLQRZ\FKGRWUDQVSRUWXGUHZQDMHVW86$JG]LHZWHMF]\LQQHMIRUPLH
XĪ\WNRZDQRMHRGSyĨQ\FKODW;,;ZLHNX3UDZG]LZD]U\ZNDOLQRZD]H]GROQRĞFLąSLRQRZHJR
XQRV]HQLDáDGXQNXZ\ZRG]LVLĊ]0LFKLJDQJG]LH+%XWWHUVZURSDWHQWRZDáPDV]\QĊ
]U\ZNRZR]DáDGRZF]ąNRU]\VWDMąFą]ZFLąJDUNLSDURZHMZy]NDLSDUGU]HZSRGSRURZ\FK
:\FLąJDáDRQDGUHZQR]ODVXLáDGRZDáDQDZDJRQ\NROHMRZH&RQZD\:3DF\¿F]
Q\P3yáQRFQ\P=DFKRG]LHWR-'ROEHHUZGURĪ\áSLHUZV]ąZFLąJDUNĊSDURZąRUD]PDá\\DUGHU
#46;-7â;#46+%.'5
6WXGLDL0DWHULDá\&(3/Z5RJRZLH
R. 16. Zeszyt 39 / 2B / 2014
21
]MHGQ\PEĊEQHP/LQĊGRODVXSRGUHZQRFLąJQąá
NRĔDQDVWĊSQLHáDGXQHNE\á]U\ZDQ\\DUGHUHPGR
VNáDGQLF\7HQURG]DM]U\ZNL]ZDQR]U\ZNąÄQLVNLHJR
SURZDG]HQLDOLQ\URERF]HM´ground lead'UHZQR
PXVLDQRSURZDG]LüGRNRáDNDĪGHJRSQLDNDQDREV]D
U]H]U\ZNL=DZLHV]HQLHEORF]NyZQDV]F]\FLHSQLDND
SR]ZDODáRQDQLH]QDF]QHXQLHVLHQLHOLQ\URERF]HMDOH
ZNUyWFH]DF]ĊWR]DZLHV]DüEORF]NLZ\ĪHM±QDGU]H
ZDFKVWRMąF\FKIRW1DVWĊSQLHZMDUGHU]H]DVWRVR
ZDQREĊEQ\XPRĪOLZLDMąFLQVWDODFMĊOLQ\SRZURWQHM
LGUHZQR]DF]ĊáRE\üSyáSRGZLHV]DQH]DĞ]U\ZNĊWĊ
QD]ZDQR]U\ZNąÄZ\VRNLHJRSURZDG]HQLDOLQ\URER
F]HM´highlead.ROHMQHXVSUDZQLHQLHSU]\MĊáRSRVWDü
OLQ\QRĞQHMskylineXĪ\WHMSRUD]SLHUZV]\SU]H]%XW
WHUVDQD=DFKRGQLP:\EU]HĪX86$'RZF]HVQ\FK
ODW;;ZLHNX]U\ZND]XĪ\FLHPOLQ\QRĞQHMskyline
logging
VWRVRZDQDE\áDSRZV]HFKQLHQD=DFKRGQLP
:\EU]HĪX=U\ZND]Z\NRU]\VWDQLHPOLQ\QRĞQHM
SU]\]DVLĊJXPZ\PDJDáD]HVSRáX]áRĪRQHJR]
URERWQLNyZLOLQRGáXJRĞFLRNRáRNP1DWHUHQLH
3DF\¿F]QHJR3yáQRFQHJR=DFKRGXLZF]ĊĞFL5HJLRQX
0LĊG]\JyUVNLHJRV\VWHP\OLQRZHVWZDU]DMąVSRVREQRĞü
SR]\VNDQLDGUHZQDWDPJG]LHLQQHV\VWHP\QLHPRJąSUDFRZDü1D3RáXGQLX86$V\VWHP\OLQR
ZHSUDFXMąQDPRNUDGáDFKLEDJQDFK2EHFQLHQDFLVNNáDG]LHVLĊQDHVWHW\NĊREV]DUXOHĞQHJRSR
]U\ZFH]DSRELHJDQLHV]NRGRPJOHERZ\PLF]\VWRĞüZRG\8PLHMĊWQLHVWRVRZDQHV\VWHP\OLQRZH
PRJąVSHáQLüWHZ\PRJLLSR]RVWDZLüĞURGRZLVNRQDWXUDOQHZGREU\PVWDQLH&RQZD\
'áXJRG\VWDQVRZ\GĨZLJOLQRZ\ZGURĪRQ\ZUSU]H]-:\VVHQDRWZRU]\áQRZ\UR]G]LDá
ZKLVWRULLVWRVRZDQLDOLQRZHJRWUDQVSRUWXGUHZQDZ(XURSLHL86$
:3ROVFHV\VWHP\OLQRZHZGUDĪDQRRGSRF]ąWNXODW;;ZLHNX3LHUZV]HZ]PLDQNL
RXU]ąG]HQLDFKOLQRZ\FKGRWUDQVSRUWXGUHZQDSRMDZLDMąVLĊZURNXLGRW\F]ąGĨZLJX
OLQRZHJR:\VVHQ3LHUZV]HSROVNLHXU]ąG]HQLHOLQRZHGRWUDQVSRUWXGUHZQDWRSUDNW\F]QLH
ĞOL]JOLQRZ\]OLQąRGáXJRĞFLPLĞUHGQLF\PPRXGĨZLJXWN1EH]PRĪOLZRĞFL
NRQWURORZDQLDSUĊGNRĞFLáDGXQNX7DXU]ąG]HQLHOLQRZHWUDQVSRUWRZDáRGUHZQRSU]H]'XQDMHF
Z1DGOHĞQLFWZLH6WDU\6ąF]ZU:ERJDW\PZLQQRZDFMHULQĪ,UHFNL]1DGOHĞQLF
WZD6]F]\UN]DSURMHNWRZDáJUDZLWDF\MQąNROHMNĊOLQRZąRQRĞQRĞFLGRN*N1L]DVLĊJX
PZ\SRVDĪRQąZKDPXOHFDSU]HNV]WDáFRQąSyĨQLHMZGĨZLJOLQRZ\]QLHUXFKRPąOLQą
QRĞQą=U\ZDáRQGUHZQRJUDZLWDF\MQLHZ]GáXĪOLQ\QRĞQHMDSRZUyWZy]NDQRĞQHJRQD]UąE
RGE\ZDáVLĊPHFKDQLF]QLH]DSRPRFąOLQ\URERF]HMQDZLQLĊWHMQDEĊEHQSURVWHMZFLąJDUNL]D
LQVWDORZDQHMQDJyU]HVWRNX5RNSU]\QLyVáSRND]NROHMNLOLQRZHM6]RWNRZVNLHJR±ZD
KDGáRZHMJUDZLWDF\MQHMGRWUDQVSRUWXGUHZQDVWRVRZHJR:1DGOHĞQLFWZLH%UHQQDZU
]DSUH]HQWRZDQRGĨZLJOLQRZ\QD]ZDQ\ÄOLQRZHXU]ąG]HQLH]U\ZNRZH67´DRSUDFRZDQ\SU]H]
6WDFMĊ'RĞZLDGF]DOQą3R]\VNDQLD'UHZQDL7UDQVSRUWX/HĞQHJRZ2VWURĪQLF\SU]\ZVSyá
XG]LDOH,%/L%.30/]U\ZDMąF\GUHZQRQDG\VWDQVLHGRPSU]\WHRUHW\F]QHMREVáXG]H
SDVDRV]HURNRĞFLPLXGĨZLJXN1:UZ2VWURĪQLF\RSUDFRZDQRGĨZLJOLQRZ\
Ä/LEyUND´3RGREQLHMDN67QDSĊG]DQ\RQE\áMHGQRRVLRZ\PFLąJQLNLHPÄ']LN´DSU]\NRQ
VWUXNFMLOĪHMV]HMQLĪ67SR]ZDODáRQQDWUDQVSRUWGUHZQDWDNĪHZJyUĊVWRNX:U*RG\Ĕ
)RW'U]HZRSRGSRURZH]]DLQVWDORZDQ\P
ROLQRZDQLHPGR]U\ZNLW\SXKLJKOHDG3H
DUFH6WHQ]HO
Photo 1. Supporting tree with rigging to high-
-lead skidding (Pearce, Stenzel 1972)
22
:*LO-0RW\ND6\VWHP\OLQRZHGR]U\ZNLGUHZQD±ZF]RUDMLG]LĞ
SLVDáĪHZ3ROVFHZ\SURGXNRZDQRLRGGDQRGRHNVSORDWDFML]HVWDZyZNROHMHNGĨZLJyZ
67:W\PVDP\PURNXGRQRV]RQRRXĪ\FLXV\VWHPXOLQRZHJRSR]DJyUDPLWMZ3XV]F]\
%LDáRZLHVNLHMQDWHUHQDFKRQLVNLHMQRĞQRĞFL:\NRU]\VWDQRGĨZLJOLQRZ\67Z\SRVDĪRQ\
ZGRGDWNRZąZFLąJDUNĊRPRF\N:XPRĪOLZLDMąFą]U\ZNĊZWHUHQLHSáDVNLP:ODWDFK
%RURZ\SLVDáRHNVSORDWDFMLDXVWULDFNLHJRSU]HZRĨQHJRGĨZLJXOLQRZHJR6WH\U.6.
Z1DGOHĞQLFWZLH*ROHQLyZJG]LHXĪ\WRJRGR]U\ZNLNLONXG]LHVLĊFLXW\VLĊF\P
GUHZQD
QDWRUIRZLVNDFKZ\VRNLFK7HQGĨZLJOLQRZ\WUD¿áQDVWĊSQLHZ%LHV]F]DG\JG]LHZ/HĞQLFWZLH
6LDQNLZ\NRQ\ZDáVZRMHRVWDWQLH]DGDQLD'DOV]HORV\V\VWHPyZOLQRZ\FKZ3ROVFHWRZGURĪH
QLHQLHOLF]Q\FKV\VWHPyZOLQRZ\FKSURGXNFMLF]HVNLHM/DUL[/DUL[7F]\/DUL[&RPEL
$NWXDOQLHPRĪQDRFHQLDüĪHUR]PLDU]U\ZNLOLQRZHMZ3ROVFHMHVWUDF]HMV\PEROLF]Q\
LSR]RVWDMHQDSR]LRPLHRN±URF]QHJRSR]\VNDQLDGUHZQDZ3ROVFH
:DUXQNLVWRVRZDQLDV\VWHPyZOLQRZ\FK
7\SRZ\PĞURGRZLVNLHPSUDF\GĨZLJXOLQRZHJRVąODV\JyUVNLHNWyU\FKXG]LDáV]DFXMHVLĊQD
SRQDGPOQKDZVNDOLQDV]HJRJOREX]DUyZQRODV\QDWXUDOQHLSyáQDWXUDOQHOXEFRUD]F]ĊĞFLHM
ODV\SODQWDF\MQH]GĨZLJDPLOLQRZ\PLcable craneZ&KLOHF]\Z1RZHM=HODQGLL3RMDZLDMąVLĊ
WDNĪHV\JQDá\]DLQWHUHVRZDQLD]U\ZNąOLQRZąZODVDFKQDQL]LQDFKQDREV]DUDFKSRGPRNá\FKQS
ZH)UDQFML'H3DXO=DLQWHUHVRZDQLH]U\ZNąOLQRZąZUD]]UR]SU]HVWU]HQLDQLHPVLĊLGHL
]UyZQRZDĪRQHMJRVSRGDUNLOHĞQHMFHUW\¿NDFMąSURGXNFMLOHĞQHMSUHVMąJUXS1*2RQDVWDZLHQLX
SURHNRORJLF]Q\PQDFDá\PĞZLHFLHFRUD]Z\UDĨQLHMZ\ND]XMHV\PSWRP\RĪ\ZLHQLD
*áyZQHF]\QQLNLVW\PXOXMąFHZ]URVW]DLQWHUHVRZDQLD]U\ZNąOLQRZąZ3ROVFH
'RJáyZQ\FKSU]\F]\QNUHXMąF\FK]DLQWHUHVRZDQLH]U\ZNąOLQRZąZ3ROVFHQDOHĪą
Z\VRNDSRGDĪFLąJQLNyZUROQLF]\FKLZ\VRNLHQDV\FHQLHJRVSRGDUNLSROVNLHMW\PLPDV]\
QDPLPOQV]WRUD]SUDNW\F]QLHRVWDWHF]QHZ\SDUFLHNRQLD]RSHUDFML]U\ZNL
GUHZQDQDWHUHQDFKQL]LQQ\FKLEUDNLQQHMDOWHUQDW\Z\]U\ZNLZJyUDFK
FRUD]VLOQLHMV]\QDFLVNHNRORJyZLJUXS1*2QDSHáQLHMV]HZGURĪHQLHLGHLZLHORIXQNF\MQHM
UROLODVyZLHOLPLQRZDQLDPDV]\QQHJDW\ZQLHRGG]LDáXMąF\FKQDHNRV\VWHP\WDNLFKMDN
FLąJQLNLVNLGHU]U\ZDMąFHGUHZQRZODVDFKJyUVNLFK
SUHVMDU\QNRZDQDFDáRURF]Q\GRVWĊSGRGUHZQD]DFKĊFDMąFDGRSR]\VNDQLDGUHZQDQD
WHUHQDFKSRGPRNá\FKWDNĪHSR]DRNUHVHP]LPRZ\P
Z\NRQ\ZDQLHQDWHUHQDFKSRGPRNá\FKUDEDWRZDáNyZSU]\SRPRF\NRSDUHNGODFHOyZRG
QRZLHQLRZ\FKFRJHQHUXMHQLHUyZQRĞFLWHUHQXXQLHPRĪOLZLDMąFH]U\ZNĊWUDG\F\MQ\PL
V\VWHPDPLQD]LHPQ\PL
.ODV\¿NDFMDLFKDUDNWHU\VW\NDJáyZQ\FKNRQ¿JXUDFMLV\VWHPyZ
OLQRZ\FK
6\VWHPZ\VRNLHJRSURZDG]HQLDOLQ\URERF]HM+LJKOHDG6\VWHP)
6\VWHP]U\ZNRZ\KLJKOHDGMHVWQDMSURVWV]\PZLHOREĊEQRZ\PV\VWHPHP]U\ZNRZ\P
6\VWHPVNáDGDVLĊ]EĊEQD(inhaul drum) LOLQ\SRFLąJRZHMroboczej) ]ZDQHMWDNĪHOLQą
JáyZQą(mainline)LEĊEQDouthaul drum) RUD]OLQ\RGKRORZXMąFHM]ZDQHMOLQąSRZURWQą
(haulback).
:LĊNV]RĞüMDUGHUyZSRVLDGDPDá\WU]HFLEĊEHQXĪ\WNRZ\]OLQą]ZDQąSRPRF
QLF]ą(strawline).
6WXGLDL0DWHULDá\&(3/Z5RJRZLH
R. 16. Zeszyt 39 / 2B / 2014
23
Zalety
PRĪHRSHURZDü]Z\NRU]\VWDQLHPZFLąJDUNLEĊEQRZHM
]U\ZDQDZLĊNV]HRGOHJáRĞFLQLĪV\VWHPMHGQREĊEQRZ\WDNLMDNW\SRZ\VNLGHUOLQRZ\
MHVWáDWZ\GRPRQWDĪXLSR]ZDODQDV]\ENą]PLDQĊWUDV\
SR]ZDODQDXQLHVLHQLH]U\ZDQHJRGUHZQDQDGSQLDNDPLLLQQ\PLSU]HV]NRGDPL
PRĪHE\üVWRVRZDQ\]DUyZQRGR]U\ZNLZJyUĊMDNLZGyáVWRNX
PRĪHE\üVWRVRZDQ\QDREV]DUDFKRZLĊNV]HMZUDĪOLZRĞFLQLĪV\VWHPQD]LHPQ\
Wady
Z\PDJDVSHFMDOQHJRSU]HV]NROHQLD]DáRJLZLĊNV]HJR]HVSRáX]U\ZNRZHJR]DOHĪQLH
RGZLHONRĞFLMDUGHUD
Z\PDJD]QDF]Q\FKLORĞFL]DNRWZLF]HĔGODOLQHNNRWZLF]ąF\FKLOLQ]U\ZNRZ\FK
RJUDQLF]DV]HURNRĞüGURJL]U\ZNRZHMGRGáXJRĞFLOLQHN]DF]HSRZ\FK
6\VWHP\]OLQąQRĞQą
6\VWHP]QLHUXFKRPąOLQąQRĞQą6WDQGLQJ6N\OLQH7LJKW6N\OLQH
&HFKąV\VWHPXMHVW]DNRWZLF]HQLHREXNRĔFyZOLQ\QRĞQHM'REDUG]LHMUR]SRZV]HFKQLR
Q\FKQDOHĪąWXV\VWHP\1RUWK%HQG6RXWK%HQG7\OHU:\VVHQ%DFRDVSRĞUyGQLHOLF]Q\FK
SROVNLFKXU]ąG]HĔMXĪQLHXĪ\ZDQ\GĨZLJOLQRZ\67
Zalety
MHVWSU]\MD]Q\ĞURGRZLVNRZR3yáSRGZLHV]HQLHRJUDQLF]DVWUDW\HUR]\MQH
RJUDQLF]DXV]NDG]DQLH]U\ZDQHJRGUHZQD
RJUDQLF]DQLHEH]SLHF]HĔVWZRXGHU]HQLD]U\ZDQ\PGUHZQHPSU]H]VNUyFHQLHRGOHJáRĞFL
]U\ZNLERF]QHMGROLQ\QRĞQHM
XPRĪOLZLDVNXWHF]QHVWHURZDQLHSU]H]RSHUDWRUDSRGF]DV]U\ZNLLVNáDGRZDQLDGUHZQD
SUDFXMHZ\MąWNRZRGREU]HSU]\FLĊFLDFKVHOHNW\ZQ\FK]Z\NRU]\VWDQLHPNRU\WDU]\
Wady
QLHNLHG\WUXGQRMHVW]QDOHĨüSQLDNLRGSRZLHGQLHGOD]DNRWZLF]HQLDGROQHJRLOLQHN
NRWZLF]ąF\FK
Z\PDJDVSHFMDOQHJRSU]HV]NROHQLD]HVSRáX]U\ZNRZHJRGODQDE\FLDXPLHMĊWQRĞFLNDO
NXODFMLáDGXQNXXĪ\WHF]QHJRLXJLĊFLDOLQ\QRĞQHM
Z\PDJDGáXĪV]HJRF]DVXF\NOXGOD]U\ZNLGáXJRG\VWDQVRZHM2526+$
6\VWHPOLQ\QRĞQHMR]PLHQQ\PQDSLĊFLX6ODFN6N\OLQH6ODFNOLQH/LYH6N\OLQH
6\VWHPWHQZ\PDJDZFLąJDUNLSU]\QDMPQLHMGZXEĊEQRZHM-HGHQNRQLHFOLQ\QRĞQHMMHVW
]DNRWZLF]RQ\ZWHUHQLHDGUXJLQDZLQLĊW\QDEĊEHQZFLąJDUNLFRXPRĪOLZLDMHMRSXV]F]DQLH
ZGyáFHOHPSRGMĊFLDáDGXQNX1DMSURVWV]ąNRQVWUXNFMąMHVWV\VWHP]JUDZLWDF\MQ\PRGFLąJD
QLHPSXVWHJRZy]NDQRĞQHJRQD]UąE]ZDQ\6KRWJXQOXE)O\HU6\VWHP6KRWJXQQLHZ\PDJD
V\VWHPXSRZURWQHJR:y]HNLOLQDURERF]DVąRGSURZDG]DQHQD]UąE]DSRPRFąJUDZLWDFML
3RRGF]HSLHQLXáDGXQNXQDVNáDGQLF\RSHUDWRUQDSLQDOLQĊQRĞQą]DSHZQLDMąFDE\E\áDRQD
XWU]\P\ZDQDZVWDQLHQDSLĊW\PG]LĊNLKDPXOFRZL1DVWĊSQLHRSHUDWRU]ZDOQLDKDPXOHFOLQ\
URERF]HMLZy]HN]MHĪGĪDZGyáOLQ\QRĞQHMSRNROHMQ\áDGXQHN
24
:*LO-0RW\ND6\VWHP\OLQRZHGR]U\ZNLGUHZQD±ZF]RUDMLG]LĞ
Zalety
MHVWV]\ENLZ]DNUHVLHF]ĊĞFLSRZURWQHMF\NOX]U\ZNRZHJR
X]\VNXMH]QDF]QHRV]F]ĊGQRĞFLSDOLZDG]LĊNLZ\NRU]\VWDQLXJUDZLWDFMLGRF]ĊĞFLSR
ZURWQHMF\NOX]U\ZNRZHJR
RJUDQLF]DF]DVPRQWDĪXL]PLDQ\WUDV\
]DSHZQLDSRGZLHV]HQLHRLOHVWU]DáND]ZLVXOLQ\MHVWRGSRZLHGQLD
SU]\RGSRZLHGQLHMVWU]DáFH]ZLVXOLQ\SR]ZDODQDGáXĪV]HRGOHJáRĞFL]U\ZNL:RUN
6DIH%&
Wady
SR]ZDODMHG\QLHQD]U\ZNĊZJyUĊVWRNXWDPJG]LHLVWQLHMHRGSRZLHGQLDVWU]DáND]ZLVX
OLQ\LG\VWDQVPLĊG]\OLQąLWHUHQHP
RJUDQLF]DV]HURNRĞüGURJL]U\ZNRZHMGRGáXJRĞFLOLQHN]DF]HSRZ\FK
Z\PDJDVSHFMDOQ\FKNZDOL¿NDFMLGODNDONXODFMLZLHONRĞFLáDGXQNXXĪ\WHF]QHJRSU]\
GXĪ\FKRGOHJáRĞFLDFK]U\ZNL
6\VWHP]RELHJRZąOLQąQRĞQą5XQQLQJ6N\OLQH6FDEOXE*UDELQVNL)
:W\PV\VWHPLHZy]HNQRĞQ\SRUXV]DVLĊSROLQLHSRZURWQHMLMHVWXWU]\P\ZDQ\MHGQR
F]HĞQLHSU]H]GZLHOLQ\URERF]ąLSRZURWQąSHáQLąFHIXQNFMĊOLQ\QRĞQHM6\VWHPZ\PDJD
]V\QFKURQL]RZDQ\FKXU]ąG]HĔQDSLQDMąF\FKGRVWHURZDQLDQDSLĊFLHPOLQ\URERF]HMLSRZURWQHM
ZFHOXX]\VNDQLDRGSRZLHGQLHMVLá\XGĨZLJXáDGXQNX6áXĪąWHPXXU]ąG]HQLDU\JOXMąFHK\GUDX
OLF]QHOXEPHFKDQLF]QHOXEKDPXOFHWDUF]RZH0RĪOLZDMHVWWX]U\ZNDZJyUĊLZGyáVWRNX
QDRGOHJáRĞü±PDSU]\XĪ\FLXZR]DNDW\SXslackpullingUyZQLHĪ]U\ZNDERF]QDGR
P6]F]HJyOQąSRSXODUQRĞüX]\VNDá\RVWDWQLRGĨZLJLOLQRZHZ\SRVDĪRQHZPRĪOLZRĞüRE
URWXPDV]WX]V\VWHPHPOLQRZ\PRSHZLHQNąW5XQQLQJ6N\OLQH6ZLQJ<DUGHUVWZDU]DMąFH
VSRVREQRĞüVNáDGRZDQLDGUHZQDZ]GáXĪGURJLLHOLPLQXMąFNRQLHF]QRĞüSU]\JRWRZDQLDVSHFMDO
QHMVNáDGQLF\+DUULOODQG9LVVHU
Zalety
PRĪOLZRĞüVWRVRZDQLDFLHĔV]\FKOLQFLĊĪDUáDGXQNXUR]NáDGDVLĊQDOLQ\URERF]ą
LSRZURWQą
áDWZRLV]\ENRPRĪQDJR]DLQVWDORZDüG]LĊNLGXĪHMPRELOQRĞFLSU]HZRĨQ\MDUGHU
]PDV]WHP
PRĪOLZRĞüSUDF\SU]\V]F]XSáHMSRZLHU]FKQLVNáDGRZDQLDLRGG]LHOHQLHSURFHVXWHFKQR
ORJLF]QHJR]U\ZNLLZ\ZR]XGUHZQDG]LĊNLZ\SRVDĪHQLXV\VWHPXZPDV]WREURWRZ\
PRĪOLZRĞü]U\ZNLZJyUĊLZGyáVWRNX
PRĪOLZRĞü]U\ZNL]DUyZQRQD]UĊEDFK]XSHáQ\FKMDNLSU]\FLĊFLDFKF]ĊĞFLRZ\FK
Wady
MHVWWRV\VWHPW\ONRMHGQRSU]ĊVáRZ\EH]PRĪOLZRĞFLSUDF\ZIXQNFMLV\VWHPX
ZLHORSU]ĊVáRZHJR
NUyWNL]DVLĊJ]U\ZNLSRQLĪHMPOXESU]\VWRVRZDQLXOLQHN]DF]HSRZ\FKLW\ONR
±PSU]\XĪ\ZDQLXFKZ\WDND
Z\PDJDZ\VRNLFKSRGSyUGODXQLHVLHQLDáDGXQNXQDGJUXQWHP
WUDQVSRUWXMHQLĪV]\áDGXQHNXĪ\WHF]Q\ZSRUyZQDQLX]LQQ\PLV\VWHPDPL]OLQąQRĞQą
Z\VRNLH]XĪ\FLHSDOLZD
SRZRGXMH]QDF]QHV]NRG\JOHERZH&2)256786$
6WXGLDL0DWHULDá\&(3/Z5RJRZLH
R. 16. Zeszyt 39 / 2B / 2014
25
(ZROXFMDV\VWHPyZOLQRZ\FKZ(XURSLH
3LHUZV]\PZDĪQ\PNURNLHPWHFKQRORJLLMDUGHURZHME\áRRSUDFRZDQLHSU]HZRĨQ\FK
GĨZLJyZOLQRZ\FK]PDV]WHP,FKFHFKDPLFKDUDNWHU\VW\F]Q\PLMHVWLQWHJUDFMDEĊEQyZ
]DVLODQLDHQHUJLąLPDV]WXVWDORZHJRQDQRĞQLNXNRáRZ\POXEJąVLHQLFRZ\P:(XURSLH
ĝURGNRZHM.XUW9\SOHO]0$<50(/1+2)]DLQLFMRZDáWHQZDĪQ\NURNZUSRSU]H]
RSUDFRZDQLHGĨZLJXOLQRZHJRW]ZÄ*g66(57RZHU<DUGHU´7U]HVQLRZVNL.R
OHMQ\NURNZLQWHJUDFMLWRGRGDQLHZ\VLĊJQLNDGR]DLQVWDORZDQHJRQDVDPRFKRG]LHGĨZLJX
OLQRZHJRZUGRNWyUHJRPRĪQDE\áR]DF]HSLüFKZ\WDNDOERSURFHVRU:U
0$<50(+/+2)]DF]HSLáNDELQĊRSHUDWRUDGRZ\VLĊJQLNDGĨZLJOLQRZ\6\QFURIDONH
$NWXDOQ\VWDQLQWHJUDFMLWR]JUXSRZDQLHPDV]WXVWDORZHJRZ\VLĊJQLNDLNDELQ\RSHUDWRUD
QDMHGQHMSRGVWDZLHREURWRZHM.215$'$XVWULD'RNRĔFDODWSU]HZRĨQHGĨZLJL
OLQRZH]PDV]WHPZ\SRVDĪRQHZVWHURZDQHUDGLHPZy]NLQRĞQHLDXWRPDW\F]Q\UXFKRUD]
]DWU]\P\ZDQLHZy]NDQRĞQHJRVWDá\VLĊVWDQGDUGHPGODZV]\VWNLFKSURGXFHQWyZ+HLQLPDQQ
HWDO
.RV]W\LĞURGRZLVNRZZDUXQNDFKOLQRZHM]U\ZNLGUHZQD
.RV]W\SURGXNFMLP
GUHZQDSR]\VNDQHJRLWUDQVSRUWRZDQHJRGRGURJLSU]\XĪ\FLXNRP
ELQDFMLV\VWHPyZOLQRZ\FKLSURFHVRUyZZVWURP\PWHUHQLHZ\ND]XMąWHQGHQFMĊGRRVLąJDQLD
Z\VRNRĞFLNURWQLHZ\ĪV]HMQLĪKDUZHVWHUyZLIRUZDUGHUyZXĪ\WNRZDQ\FKZWHUHQLHXPLDUNR
ZDQLHQDFK\ORQ\P7DUyĪQLFDPRĪHVLĊ]PQLHMV]DüZPLDUĊPHFKDQL]DFMLRSHUDFMLSR]\VNDQLR
Z\FKZJyUDFKLZGUDĪDQLDWHFKQRORJLL&7/ZNRPELQDFMLGĨZLJXOLQRZHJR]IRUZDUGHUDPLFR
UHDOL]RZDQHMHVWMXĪ]SRZRG]HQLHPZ$XVWULL2SUDFRZDQ\Z$XVWULLSU]HZRGQLNGOD]U\ZNL
OLQRZHMPyJáE\E\üZ]RUFHPSRPRFQ\PWDNĪHGODZDUXQNyZZVFKRGQLRHXURSHMVNLFK*LO
RSLVXMHUyĪQHSRGHMĞFLDGR]DJDGQLHQLDZ\VRNLFKNRV]WyZ]U\ZNLOLQRZHMVWRVXMąFUyĪ
QRUDNLHVWUDWHJLHZ\FHQ\]QDF]QLHZLĊNV]\FKV]NyGJHQHURZDQ\FKSU]H]V\VWHP\QD]LHPQH
V]F]HJyOQLHZĞURGRZLVNXJOHERZ\P
3U]\NáDGHWDSRZHM]U\ZNLGUHZQDODUL[IRUZDUGHU-RKQ'HHUH
(ZQDGOHĞQLFWZLH:ĊJLHUVND*yUND
=U\ZNDGUHZQDQDEDGDQ\PWHUHQLH1DGOHĞQLFWZD:ĊJLHUVND*yUND UHDOL]RZDQDE\áDQDUHOD
W\ZQLHGXĪHRGOHJáRĞFL:]ZLą]NX]RJUDQLF]RQ\P]DVLĊJLHPV\VWHPX/DUL[GRPDNVLPXP
P]U\ZNDZSROVNLFKZDUXQNDFKODVyZJyUVNLFK]XZDJLQDXERJąLQIUDVWUXNWXUĊGURJRZą
]Z\NOHPDFKDUDNWHUHWDSRZ\-DNZ\QLND]WDEHOLPDNV\PDOQDRGOHJáRĞü]U\ZNLVLĊJDáDWX
DĪP3RQDGPDV\SR]\VNDQHJRGUHZQD]U\ZDQRQDG\VWDQVLH±P0DVD
GUHZQD]HUZDQHJRZ]DVLĊJXV\VWHPX/DUL[EH]NRQLHF]QRĞFLDQJDĪRZDQLDIRUZDUGHUDWR
QLHFRSRQDGRJyáX]HUZDQHJRGUHZQDRGOHJáRĞü]U\ZNLGRP
:URNX1DGOHĞQLFWZR:ĊJLHUVND*yUND]DNDĪG\P
GUHZQDSR]\VNDQHJRSU]H]
¿UPĊ;VWRVXMąFą]U\ZNĊHWDSRZąZW\P/DUL[]DSáDFLáRĞUHGQLR]áFR
SU]\FDáNRZLWHMPLąĪV]RĞFLSR]\VNDQHJRGUHZQDZ\QRV]ąFHMP
VWDQRZLáRNRV]W
]á3U]\FKRG\]HVSU]HGDĪ\GUHZQDSR]\VNDQHJRL]HUZDQHJRSU]H]ILUPĊ;
Z\QLRVá\]á]DWHP]\VN1DGOHĞQLFWZD:ĊJLHUVND*yUNDWRW\ONR]á
=WDEHOLZ\QLNDLĪVSU]HGDĪGUHZQDRSDáRZHJRW\SX6MHVW]XSHáQLHQLHRSáDFDOQD
SRQLHZDĪFHQDP
WHJRVRUW\PHQWXQLHSRNU\ZDNRV]WyZMHJRSR]\VNDQLDFRZLĊFHMVRU
W\PHQWWHQVWDQRZLáSRQDGRJyáX]HUZDQHJRGUHZQD
26
:*LO-0RW\ND6\VWHP\OLQRZHGR]U\ZNLGUHZQD±ZF]RUDMLG]LĞ
Tab. 1.
=U\ZNDGUHZQDV\VWHPHP/DUL[RUD]FLąJQLNLHPIRUZDUGHU-RKQ'HHUH(Z1DGO
:ĊJLHUVND*yUNDZU
Table 1.
:RRGH[WUDFWLRQZLWK/DUL[V\VWHPDQGIRUZDUGHU-RKQ'HHUH(LQ:ĊJLHUVND*yUND
Forest District in 2011
Sortyment
:%2
:&2
WD
S2A
S2B
S4
&HQDQHWWR]á
6WDZND]D]U\ZNĊ]áP
,ORĞü]HUZDQ\FKP
.RV]W\1DGOHĞQLFWZD]á
3U]\FKyG1DGOHĞQLFWZD]á
3U]\FKyGUD]HP]á
.RV]WUD]HP]á
6DOGR]á
2GOHJáRĞü]U\ZNLP
=HUZDQDPDVDP
àąF]QLHPDVD]HUZDQD P
Tab. 2.
3U]\FKRG\LNRV]W\]U\ZNLGUHZQDV\VWHPHP/DUL[RUD]FLąJQLNLHPIRUZDUGHU-RKQ'HHUH
(Z1DGO:ĊJLHUVND*yUNDZU
Table 2. Income and costs of wood extraction with Larix 550 system and forwarder John Deere 1010E in
:ĊJLHUVND*yUND)RUHVW'LVWULFWLQ
27
6WXGLDL0DWHULDá\&(3/Z5RJRZLH
R. 16. Zeszyt 39 / 2B / 2014
3RGVXPRZDQLHLZQLRVNL
6\VWHP\OLQRZH]XZDJLQDVZHOLF]QH]DOHW\]ZLą]DQH]HVWRVXQNRZRáDJRGQ\PRGG]LDá\
ZDQLHPQDĞURGRZLVNROHĞQHZ\GDMąVLĊSUH]HQWRZDüUHDOQHPRĪOLZRĞFLVWRVRZDQLDQDZLĊNV]ą
VNDOĊ-DN]DV\JQDOL]RZDQRZRSUDFRZDQLX]UyĪQ\FKSRZRGyZZW\P]XZDJLQDFRUD]
V]HUV]ąĞZLDGRPRĞüVSRáHF]QąZLHORIXQNF\MQHMUROLODVyZQDFLVNLJUXSRFKURQ\ĞURGRZLVND
REMĊFLH3URJUDPHP1DWXUD]QDF]QHMLORĞFLODVyZZ(XURSLHL3ROVFHHWFĞZLDWRZH]DLQ
WHUHVRZDQLHV\VWHPDPLOLQRZ\PLEĊG]LHZ\ND]\ZDüWHQGHQFMĊZ]URVWRZą
7HQWUHQGREVHUZXMHVLĊMXĪZ(XURSLHDURVQąFDSUHVMDRSLQLLSXEOLF]QHMNáDGąFDFRUD]
VLOQLHMV]\DNFHQWQDSR]DSURGXNF\MQHIXQNFMHODVXPRĪHWHQNLHUXQHNXPRFQLü
2VWDWHF]QHNV]WDáWRZDQLHVLĊLFKDUDNWHU]U\ZNLGUHZQDZODVDFKJyUVNLFKZ3ROVFHL(X
URSLHSR]DF]\QQLNDPLF]\VWRHNRQRPLF]Q\PLZGXĪHMPLHU]H]DOHĪHüEĊG]LHRGVWUDWHJLL
JRVSRGDUF]HMLSROLW\NL8QLL(XURSHMVNLHMWDNĪHZ]DNUHVLHOHĞQLFWZD
/LWHUDWXUD
%RURZ\5/7HFKQLF]QHQRZRĞFLZ1DGOHĞQLFWZLH*ROHQLyZ/DV3ROVNLQU
&2)256786$&DEOH<DUGLQJ6\VWHPVKWWSZZZFRIRUVWHGXFRIWHDFKIH&DEOH
6\VWHPVBFSGI
&RQZD\6W/RJJLQJ3UDFWLFHV0LOOHU)UHHPDQ3XEOLFDWLRQV,QF86$SS±
'H3DXO0$4XDQGOHWpOpSKpUDJHV¶LQVWDOOHHQSODLQH )RUrW:DOORQQHQQR±PDL
MXLQSS±
*LO:5RODLPLHMVFHNROHMHNLGĨZLJyZOLQRZ\FKZOHĞQLFWZLHZLHORIXQNF\MQ\P0D
WHULDá\]V\PSR]MXPQDXNRZHJRÄ7HQGHQFMHLSUREOHP\PHFKDQL]DFMLSUDFOHĞQ\FKZZD
UXQNDFKOHĞQLFWZDZLHORIXQNF\MQHJR´3R]QDĔ±F]HUZFDV±
+DUULOO+DQG9LVVHU5:KDWLVWKHEHVWULJJLQJFRQ¿JXUDWLRQWRXVHLQ1HZ=HDODQG
FDEOHORJJLQJRSHUDWLRQV"
WK
&RXQFLORQ)RUHVW(QJLQHHULQJ-XQH±4XHEHF
&LW\4XHEHF
+HLQLPDQQ+56WDPSIHU./RVFKHN-&DPLQDGD/3HUVSHFWLYHVRQ&HQWUDO(XURSHDQ
&DEOH<DUGLQJ6\VWHPV7KH,QWHUQDWLRQDO0RXQWDLQ/RJJLQJDQG
WK
3DFL¿F1RUWKZHVW
6N\OLQH6\PSRVLXPSS±
2526+$<DUGLQJDQG/RDGLQJ+DQGERRN2UHJRQ2FFXSDWLRQDO6DIHW\DQG+HDOWK
'LYLVLRQ6DOHP2586$S
3HDUFH-.6WHQ]HO*/RJJLQJDQG3XOSZRRG3URGXFWLRQ5RQDOG3UHVV&R±1HZ
<RUNS
6DPVHW,:LQFKDQGFDEOHV\VWHPVLQ1RUZHJLDQIRUHVWU\$VSS±
7U]HVQLRZVNL$)RUVWPDVFKLQHQXQG+RO]EULQJXQJ,,>)RUHVWPDFKLQHVDQGWLPEHU
H[WUDFWLRQ,,@,QVWLWXWIU)RUVWWHFKQLN8QLYHUVLWlWIU%RGHQNXOWXU:LHQ9RUOHVXQJVXQ
WHUODJHQ>/HFWXUH1RWHV@S
:RUN6DIH%&&DEOH<DUGLQJ6\VWHPV+DQGERRN%ULWLVK&ROXPELD&DQDGD
:DOGHPDU*LO-RDQQD0RW\ND
.DWHGUD8Ī\WNRZDQLD/DVXL'UHZQD
8QLZHUV\WHW5ROQLF]\LP+.RááąWDMDZ.UDNRZLH
UOJLO#F\INUHGXSO