Projektowanie i wykonawstwo posadowienia wiaduktów autostradowych na podłożu wzmocnionym metodą wgłębnego mieszania gruntu (DSM)

background image





0LFKDá7232/1,&.,







352-(.72:$1,(,:<.21$:67:2326$'2:,(1,$

:,$'8.7Ï:$872675$'2:<&+1$32'à2 8:=02&1,21<0

0(72' :*à %1(*20,(6=$1,$*58178 '60 

3U]HGVWDZLRQR DNWXDOQ\ VWDQ UR]ZRMX WHFKQRORJLL ZJá EQHJR PLHV]DQLD JUXQWX '60 Z 3ROVFH á F]QLH ]

FKDUDNWHU\VW\N  X \ZDQ\FK PDV]\Q L SURFHVX IRUPRZDQLD NROXPQ '60 Z SRGáR X RUD] RPyZLRQR QDMZD QLHMV]H

DVSHNW\ SRGHM FLD SURMHNWRZHJR 3RGNUH ORQR H SURJQR]RZDQLH ZáD FLZR FL PHFKDQLF]Q\FK Z\PLHV]DQHJR JUXQWX

W\ONRQDSRGVWDZLHRFHQ\URG]DMXJUXQWXRUD]LOR FLLURG]DMXGRGDQHJRFHPHQWXRJUDQLF]DRSW\PDOL]DFM ]DVWRVRZD 

7\PVDP\PZD Q\PHOHPHQWHPZGUD DQLDWHFKQRORJLL'60MHVWZ\NRQ\ZDQLHRGSRZLHGQLRXNLHUXQNRZDQ\FKEDGD 

ODERUDWRU\MQ\FKLSRORZ\FK3U]\WRF]RQRSU]\NáDGSRVDGRZLHQLDZLDGXNWXGURJRZHJRQDNROXPQDFK'60RUD]Z\QLNL

REVHUZDFML ]DFKRZDQLD RELHNWX SR Z\NRQDQLX UREyW :VND]DQR ]DOHW\ SRVDGRZLHQLD QD NROXPQDFK '60 Z

SRUyZQDQLX GR UR]ZL ]D  NRQZHQFMRQDOQ\FK QD SDODFK =ZUyFRQR WDN H XZDJ  QD RGSRZLHGQLH IRUPXáRZDQLH

Z\PDJD SURMHNWRZ\FKRGQR QLHGRZ\WU]\PDáR FLFHPHQWRJUXQWXLEDGD NRQWUROQ\FK

 :SURZDG]HQLH

: RVWDWQLFK ODWDFK REVHUZXMH VL  QD ZLHFLH Z]UDVWDM FH ]DLQWHUHVRZDQLH Z]PDFQLDQLHP JUXQWyZ

PHWRG  ZJá EQHJR PLHV]DQLD QD PRNUR DQJ ZHW 'HHS 6RLO 0L[LQJ  0HWRGD '60 RSDUWD MHVW QD

NRQFHSFML SRSUDZLHQLD ZáD FLZR FL PHFKDQLF]Q\FK JUXQWyZ ]DOHJDM F\FK Z SRGáR X JáyZQLH

Z\WU]\PDáR FL L FL OLZR FL SU]H] LFK Z\PLHV]DQLH ] PDWHULDáDPL ZL

F\PL 'R Z]PDFQLDQLD

JUXQWyZ X \ZD VL  SU]HGH ZV]\VWNLP Uy Q\FK FHPHQWyZ : 3ROVFH PLHV]DQLH JUXQWX QD PRNUR

ZSURZDG]LáDILUPD.HOOHUZURNXSU]\F]\PUy QRURGQR ü]DVWRVRZD ]ZáDV]F]DZRGQLHVLHQLX

GRIXQGDPHQWRZDQLDVWDZLDNUDMRZHRVL JQL FLDQDF]RáRZ\PPLHMVFXZ(XURSLH0L G]\LQQ\PLZ

ODWDFKSRVDGRZLRQRZWHQVSRVyEZ3ROVFHZLDGXNWyZQRZREXGRZDQHMDXWRVWUDG\$

FRE\áRSLHUZV]\P ZLDWRZ\P]DVWRVRZDQLHPWHMWHFKQRORJLLGODWHJRURG]DMXRELHNWyZLQ \QLHUVNLFK

>@ 'R FKZLOL REHFQHM OLF]ED ZLDGXNWyZ GURJRZ\FK SRVDGRZLRQ\FK QD NROXPQDFK '60 Z 3ROVFH

SU]HNURF]\áD  D WHFKQRORJLD '60 SR QLHPDO ODWDFK GR ZLDGF]H  ]RVWDáD SRZV]HFKQLH

]DDNFHSWRZDQD3U]\F]\QLá\VL GRWHJRQLHW\ONRXGDQHDSOLNDFMHDOHUyZQLH XUHJXORZDQLDWHFKQLF]QR

SUDZQHRNUH ODM FHVWDWXVWHFKQRORJLL'60Z3ROVFH>@L(XURSLH>@



 0DV]\Q\GRZJá EQHJRPLHV]DQLDJUXQWX

7\SRZ\]HVWDZVSU] WXGRPLHV]DQLDZJá EQHJRJUXQWXQDPRNURREHMPXMHPDV]\Q SRGVWDZRZ 

Z\SRVD RQ ZVSHFMDOLVW\F]QHPLHV]DGáRRUD]VWDFM SU]\JRWRZDQLDLSRGDZDQLD]DF]\QXREHMPXM F 

VLORV\ QD VSRLZR ]ELRUQLN QD ZRG  PLHV]DOQLN ]ELRUQLN ]DF]\QX SRPS  L DJUHJDW SU GRWZyUF]\

0LHV]DQLH]DF]\QXMHVWVWHURZDQHU F]QLHOXENRPSXWHURZR0DV]\Q\SRGVWDZRZHVWRVRZDQHZ3ROVFH

PDM  MHGQ  OXE GZLH HUG]LH ZLHUWQLF]H NWyUH V XWU]\P\ZDQHUyZQROHJOH]DSRPRF SRSU]HF]QLFR

UHJXORZDQHMGáXJR FLFRSR]ZDODZ\NRQ\ZDüUR]VXQL WHOXE]DFKRG] FHQDVLHELHNROXPQ\NRU]\VWQH

SU]\UHDOL]DFML FLDQOXEEORNyZ]FHPHQWRJUXQWX

.RQVWUXNFMD VSHFMDOLVW\F]Q\FK PLHV]DGHá GRVWRVRZDQD MHVW GR FHOX VWDELOL]DFML JUXQWX PRPHQWX

REURWRZHJR PDV]\Q\ L URG]DMX JUXQWX 0LHV]DGáD EHONRZH Z\SRVD RQH V  Z NLOND U] GyZ

SRSU]HF]Q\FK EHOHN OXE SáDWyZ ]ORNDOL]RZDQ\FK Z GROQHM F] FL HUG]L ZLHUWQLF]HM NWyUH V 





3URI'UKDELQ .HOOHU3ROVND6S]RRXO3R]QD VND2 DUyZ0D]RZLHFNL







92JöOQRSROVND.RQIHUHQFMD0RVWRZFöZ .RQVWUXNFMDL:\SRVD HQLH0RVWöZ



:LVïDOLVWRSDGDU



background image



SU]HVXQL WH Z]JO GHP VLHELH L PDM  Uy QH XVWDZLHQLD N WRZH (OHPHQW\ UR]OX QLDM FH JUXQW PDM 

GRGDWNRZR] E\LSRNU\WHV WUXGQR FLHUDOQ\PLRVáRQDPL1DNR FXND GHM HUG]L]QDMGXMHVL NUyWNL

ZLGHU SURZDG] F\ RUD] RWZyU Z\ORWRZ\ ]DF]\QX 6LáD RG URGNRZD JHQHURZDQD Z F]DVLH REURWX

PLHV]DGáDZVSRPDJDUR]SURZDG]HQLH]DF]\QXZSU]HNURMXNROXPQ\3U]\NáDG\EHONRZ\FKPLHV]DGHá

SRMHG\QF]\FKLSRGZyMQ\FKV\VWHPX.HOOHUDSRND]DQRQDU\V





 D  E 

5\V.RQVWUXNFMDPLHV]DGHá D SRMHG\QF]\FKLSRGZyMQ\FK E V\VWHPX.HOOHU

: SU]\SDGNX PLHV]DGáD SRGZyMQHJR SURFHV PLHV]DQLD MHVW ZVSRPDJDQ\ SU]HFLZQ\P NLHUXQNLHP

REURWyZ V VLHGQLFK HUG]L G]L NL F]HPX HOLPLQXMH VL  QLHNRU]\VWQH ]MDZLVNR ÄREUDFDQHJR NRUND´ ]

JUXQWX MDNL F] VWR WZRU]\ VL  Z SU]\SDGNX SRMHG\QF]HJR PLHV]DGáD L EDUG]R VSRLVW\FK JUXQWyZ

:]UDVWDWH RF]\ZL FLHZ\GDMQR üPLHV]DQLD

'R VWDELOL]DFML JUXQWyZ PLHV]DQ\FK QD PRNUR VWRVXMH VL  JáyZQLH Uy QH URG]DMH FHPHQWX D

]ZáDV]F]D FHPHQW KXWQLF]\ NWyU\ SRGZ\ V]D RGSRUQR ü FHPHQWRJUXQWX QD G]LDáDQLH DJUHV\ZQHJR

URGRZLVND RUD] PD RSy QLRQ\ L SU]HGáX RQ\ SURFHV ZL ]DQLD 'OD SRGZ\ V]HQLD V]F]HOQR FL

FHPHQWRJUXQWXGRGDMHVL QDMF] FLHMEHQWRQLWOXEP F]N ZDSLHQQ 

0R OLZR FL UR]PLHV]F]HQLD NROXPQ '60 Z SODQLH V  EDUG]R V]HURNLH L REHMPXM  XNáDG\

SRMHG\QF]\FK NROXPQ Z VLDWFH NZDGUDWRZHM OXE WUyMN WQHM RUD] FLDQ\ NUDW\ L EORNL XWZRU]RQH ]

]DFKRG] F\FKQDVLHELHNROXPQZ\NRQDQHPLHV]DGáHPSRMHG\QF]\POXESRGZyMQ\P U\V 











































5\V ZLH RZ\NRQDQHNROXPQ\'60 D SRMHG\QF]HR UHGQLF\LFP E SRGZyMQH[FP



background image



]DJá ELHQLH

FDP

Z]PDFQLDQLHVWRS\

F]DV

 3URFHVPLHV]DQLDJUXQWX

0LHV]DQLH QD PRNUR ] XG]LDáHP ]DF]\QX FHPHQWRZHJR PR H E\ü Z\NRQ\ZDQH FDáNRZLFLH

PHFKDQLF]QLH OXE PHWRG  K\EU\GRZ  W]Q PHFKDQLF]QRK\GUDXOLF]Q  NWyUD SROHJD QD ZVSRPDJDQLX

SURFHVX PLHV]DQLD PHFKDQLF]QHJR ]D SRPRF  LQLHNFML ]DF]\QX SRG ]ZL NV]RQ\P FL QLHQLHP FR

SU]\EOL D WHQ SURFHV PLHV]DQLD GR LQLHNFML VWUXPLHQLRZHM MHW JURXWLQJ  MHGQDN SU]\ ]QDF]QLH

RJUDQLF]RQHMLOR FLSURGXNRZDQHJRXURENX

7\SRZ\F\NOZ\NRQDZF]\PLHV]DQLDZJá EQHJRREHMPXMHSR]\FMRQRZDQLHPDV]\Q\LPLHV]DGáD

SRQDGZ\EUDQ\PSXQNWHPID] SHQHWUDFMLPLHV]DGáDZJUXQWVSUDZG]HQLHSR]LRPXZDUVWZ\QR QHM

á F]QLH ] HZHQWXDOQ\P Z]PRFQLHQLHP JUXQWyZ QD VW\NX ZDUVWZ\ VáDEHM L QR QHM ID]  SRGFL JDQLD

PLHV]DGáD GRGDWNRZH F\NOH PLHV]DQLD GyáJyUD ]H ]UHGXNRZDQ  LOR FL  SRGDZDQHJR ]DF]\QX  RUD]

SU]HVWDZLHQLH QD QRZ  SR]\FM  U\V   : LQG\ZLGXDOQ\FK SU]\SDGNDFK PRJ  E\ü UyZQLH 

ZSURZDG]DQH PRG\ILNDFMH ]DVWRVRZDQHJR SURFHVX PLHV]DQLD ]DOH QLH RG REVHUZRZDQHJR SU]HELHJX

PLHV]DQLD WHFKQLF]Q\FK ZáD FLZR FL XU] G]H  RUD] RG XZDUXQNRZD  PLHMVFD Z\NRQ\ZDQLD UREyW L

FHOXPLHV]DQLDJUXQWX













5\V7\SRZ\SURFHVIRUPRZDQLDNROXPQ\'60]NLONDNURWQ\PSRGFL JDQLHPLSRJU DQLHPPLHV]DGáD

3RGDZDQLH ]DF]\QX SRGF]DV PLHV]DQLD JUXQWX ] Z\GDWNLHP RG  GR  P



PLQ MHVW

NRQWURORZDQH SU]H] RSHUDWRUD NWyU\ PD UyZQLH  P R OLZR ü Zá F]HQLD DXWRPDW\F]QHJR VWHURZDQLD

2JyOQLH ELRU F  ]DF]\Q PR QD GRVWDUF]Dü GR JUXQWX SRGF]DV FDáHJR F\NOX PLHV]DQLD 1DMF] FLHM

MHGQDNRGGRFDáNRZLWHMREM WR FL]DF]\QXSRGDMHVL SRGF]DVSLHUZV]HMSHQHWUDFMLPLHV]DGáDZ

SRGáR H SRQLHZD  REHFQR ü ]DF]\QX ]PQLHMV]D RSRU\ ZNU FDQLD PLHV]DGáD Z JUXQW .RU]\VWQH MHVW

UyZQLH  WR H Z WDNLP SU]\SDGNX ]DF]\Q PLHV]D VL  ] JUXQWHP FR QDMPQLHM GZD UD]\ WM Z F]DVLH

SHQHWUDFMLLSRGFL JDQLDPLHV]DGáD

0DNV\PDOQDJá ERNR üSHQHWUDFMLPLHV]DGáDZSRGáR H]DOH \RGZDUXQNyZJUXQWRZ\FKRUD]RG

]DVWRVRZDQHMPDV]\Q\SRGVWDZRZHMLFKDUDNWHU\VW\NLJáRZLFREURWRZ\FK:W\SRZ\FKSU]\SDGNDFK

PR QD Z\NRQ\ZDü PLHV]DQLH JUXQWX GR Já ERNR FL RNRáR  P ] Z\GDMQR FL  RNRáR  GR 

P



G]LH SUDF\]DOH QLHRGURG]DMXL UHGQLF\NR FyZNLPLHV]DM FHM

:DUWR UyZQLH  SRGNUH OLü H PLHV]DQLH ZJá EQH PR H E\ü Z\NRQ\ZDQH EH]SR UHGQLR RERN

ZUD OLZ\FK RELHNWyZ EXGRZODQ\FK L LQVWDODFML SRG]LHPQ\FK ]H Z]JO GX QD PDáH RGG]LDá\ZDQLH

NROXPQ\IRUPRZDQHMZJUXQFLHQDRWDF]DM F\M JUXQW3R]ZDODWRPLQQD]DVWRVRZDQLHWHFKQRORJLL

'60GRZ\NRQ\ZDQLDREXGRZ\Z\NRSXSU]HELHJDM FHMEH]SR UHGQLRRERNLVWQLHM FHJREXG\QNX:

WDNLFK]DVWRVRZDQLDFKNROXPQ\'60]EURLVL SURILOHPVWDORZ\P]DSXV]F]DQ\PZ ZLH RZ\NRQDQ 

NROXPQ FR]DSHZQLDSU]HQLHVLHQLHQDSU H UR]FL JDM F\FK



 3UDFDPLHV]DQLD

(IHNW\ZQR ü SURFHVX PLHV]DQLD JUXQWX ]H VSRLZHP PD NOXF]RZH ]QDF]HQLH GOD MHGQRURGQR FL L

Z\WU]\PDáR FLZHZQ WU]QHMNROXPQ6WRSLH Z\PLHV]DQLDVSRLZD]JUXQWHP]DOH \SU]\W\PRGF]DVX

PLHV]DQLDW\SXPLHV]DGáDZáD FLZR FLJUXQWXLHQHUJLLLQLHNFML QLVNROXEZ\VRNRFL QLHQLRZHM =WHJR

SRZRGX FDá\ SURFHV PLHV]DQLD MHVW EDUG]R ]áR RQ\ L WUXGQ\ GR VNZDQW\ILNRZDQLD 'OD RV]DFRZDQLD

SRWU]HEQHM SUDF\ PLHV]DQLD QD EXGRZLH PR QD VL  MHGQDN SRVáX \ü ZVND QLNLHP Z\PLHV]DQLD 7

ZSURZDG]RQ\P Z -DSRQLL GOD VWDQGDUGRZHM PHWRG\ &'0 &HPHQW 'HHS 0L[LQJ  NWyU\ RNUH OD

FDáNRZLW  OLF]E  REURWyZ EHONL PLHV]DM FHM QD RGFLQNX MHGQHJR PHWUD NROXPQ\ IRUPRZDQHM

PLHV]DGáHPSRMHG\QF]\P%LRU FSRGXZDJ VWRVRZDQ\Z3ROVFHSURFHVPLHV]DQLDRSDUW\QD

background image





7 



7 

7 

NLONDNURWQ\P SRZWDU]DQLX F\NOX PLHV]DQLD GyáJyUD RGSRZLHGQLR ]PRG\ILNRZDQD ]DOH QR ü QD

ZVND QLN7PDSRVWDü






Q

9

5

9

5

0

7

Z

Z

S

S

u



u

6







 

JG]LH7ZVND QLNZ\PLHV]DQLD>REUP@ 0OLF]EDDNW\ZQ\FKEHOHNPLHV]DM F\FK EHONDRGáXJR FL

UyZQHM UHGQLF\NROXPQ\OLF]\VL SRGZyMQLH 5

S

±SU GNR üREURWRZDPLHV]DGáDZID]LHSHQHWUDFML

>REUPLQ@9

S

±SU GNR üOLQLRZDSHQHWUDFMLPLHV]DGáD>PPLQ@5

Z

SU GNR üREURWRZDPLHV]DGáDZ

ID]LHZ\FL JDQLD>REUPLQ@9

Z

SU GNR üOLQLRZDZ\FL JDQLDPLHV]DGáD>PPLQ@Q±OLF]EDSHáQ\FK

F\NOLPLHV]DQLDGyáJyUD


1DOH \ SRGNUH OLü H WDN ]GHILQLRZDQ\ ZVND QLN 7 PD ]DVWRVRZDQLH W\ONR GR PHFKDQLF]QHJR

VSRVREXPLHV]DQLDSU]\F]\PURG]DMJUXQWXZNWyU\P]DFKRG]LPLHV]DQLHMHVWXZ]JO GQLRQ\W\ONR

SR UHGQLR SU]H] SU]\M FLH RGSRZLHGQLFK SDUDPHWUyZ SURGXNF\MQ\FK  5

S

 9

S

 5

Z

 L  9

Z

 FR Z\PDJD

GR ZLDGF]HQLD-HGQRF]H QLHZLDGRPR HJUXQW\VSRLVWHPLHV]DM VL WUXGQLHMQL JUXQW\QLHVSRLVWH=

WHJR SRZRGX XVWDOHQLH PLDURGDMQHM ZDUWR FL ZVND QLND 7 Z JUXQWDFK VSRLVW\FK PD V]F]HJyOQH

]QDF]HQLHSUDNW\F]QH

:W\PFHOXSU]HSURZDG]RQRXNLHUXQNRZDQHEDGDQLDSRORZHX \ZDM FPLHV]DGáDPHFKDQLF]QHJRR

UHGQLF\FPSRND]DQHJRQDU\VDLZ\NRQDQRF]WHU\NROXPQ\SUyEQH'GR'RGáXJR FLP

ND GD 3RGáR H VNáDGDáR VL  ] QLHNRQWURORZDQHJR QDV\SX R PL V]R FL RNRáR  P ]DZLHUDM FHJR

KXPXVSLDVHNS\áLJOLQ DJá ELHMZ\VW SRZDáDJOLQDS\ODVWDLSLDV]F]\VWDRVWRSQLXSODVW\F]QR FL

,

/

ZVWUHILHJá ERNR FLRGGRPRUD],

/

SRQL HM:RGDJUXQWRZDZ\VW SRZDáDP

SRG SRZLHU]FKQL  WHUHQX 6]F]HJyáRZR GREUDQH SDUDPHWU\ WHFKQRORJLF]QH SR]ZROLá\ QD Z\NRQDQLH

NROXPQ R ]Uy QLFRZDQHM Z\WU]\PDáR FL RUD] ZáR RQHM SUDF\ PLHV]DQLD ]DOH QLH RG OLF]E\ F\NOL

PLHV]DQLDJ VWR FL]DF]\QXLZ\GDWNXSRPSRZDQLD.ROXPQ\SUyEQHZ\GRE\WR]JUXQWXSyáURNXSR

LFKZ\NRQDQLXZá F]DM F]LP ZRNUHVRF]HNLZDQLDRUD]SRFL WRQDSODVWU\RJUXER FLRNRáRFP

1D U\V  SRND]DQR SU]\NáDGRZH SU]HNURMH NROXPQ\ ' RGSRZLDGDM FH ZVND QLNRZL PLHV]DQLD

7   L  -DN PR QD ]DXZD \ü ]ZL NV]DQLX SDF\ PLHV]DQLD RGSRZLDGD Z\ V]\ VWRSLH 

MHGQRURGQR FLFHPHQWRJUXQWX





5\V3U]HNURMHSRSU]HF]QHNROXPQ\'RGSRZLDGDM FH]Uy QLFRZDQ\PZDUWR FLRPZVND QLND7



3RGRNRQDQLXZL]XDOQHMLQVSHNFMLSU]HNURMyZNROXPQSUyEQ\FKZ\FL WR]SREUDQ\FKSODVWUyZ

NRVWHNFHPHQWRJUXQWXRERNXFPNWyUHSRGGDQREDGDQLXZ\WU]\PDáR FLQD FLVNDQLHMHGQRRVLRZH

Z VWDQGDUGRZHM SUDVLH K\GUDXOLF]QHM ] RGSRZLHGQLP RSU]\U] GRZDQLHP SRPLDURZ\P $QDOL]D

VWDW\VW\F]QD ]EDGDQ\FK Z\WU]\PDáR FL SR]ZROLáD QD REOLF]HQLH GOD ND GHJR SU]HNURMX SRSU]HF]QHJR

ZVSyáF]\QQLND]PLHQQR FL

Y

E G FHJRLORUD]HPRGFK\OHQLDVWDQGDUGRZHJRLZDUWR FL UHGQLHMNWyU\

FKDUDNWHU\]XMH Z]JO GQ\ UR]U]XW Z\WU]\PDáR FL FHPHQWRJUXQWX 2WU]\PDQH Z WHQ VSRVyE

ZVSyáF]\QQLNL]PLHQQR FLVNRUHORZDQR]ZDUWR FLDPLSDUDPHWUX7RGSRZLDGDM F\PLSRV]F]HJyOQ\P

SU]HNURMRP NROXPQ :\QLN DQDOL]\ SRND]DQR QD U\V  á F]QLH ] Z\NáDGQLF]  OLQL  WUHQGX OLQLD

FL JáD  3RPLPR GRV\ü GX HJR UR]U]XWX ZDUWR FL PR QD VWZLHUG]Lü H ZDUWR ü ZVSyáF]\QQLND

]PLHQQR FL PDOHMH ZUD] ]H Z]URVWHP ZDUWR FL 7 FR MHVW ]JRGQH ] RF]HNLZDQLHP 'OD RVL JQL FLD

]DOHFDQHJRSR]LRPXY

d

FKDUDNWHU\]XM FHJRGREU\VWRSLH Z\PLHV]DQLDFHPHQWRJUXQWXZVND QLN

PLHV]DQLDSRZLQLHQSU]HZ\ V]Dü7



 SRUU\V 

background image







5\V=DOH QR üZVSyáF]\QQLND]PLHQQR FLYRGZVND QLNDZ\PLHV]DQLD7



7U]HED MHGQRF]H QLH SRGNUH OLü H X]\VNDQLH Z SUDNW\FH ZVSyáF]\QQLND ]PLHQQR FL Y

d

 Z

VWRVXQNXGRZ\WU]\PDáR FLQD FLVNDQLHQLHMHVWáDWZHLZ\PDJDEDUG]RGREUHJRZ\PLHV]DQLD]DF]\QX

] JUXQWHP FR ] NROHL VLOQLH ]DOH \ RG FKDUDNWHU\VW\NL X \WHJR VSU] WX URG]DMX JUXQWX L SDUDPHWUyZ

WHFKQRORJLF]Q\FKSURFHVXPLHV]DQLDDZL FWDN HRGPR OLZR FLLGR ZLDGF]HQLDZ\NRQDZF\UREyW=

WHJRSRZRGXEDUG]RZD QH]QDF]HQLHSU]\RFHQLHPR OLZHMGRX]\VNDQLDLUyZQRF]H QLHRGSRZLHGQLR

EH]SLHF]QHM Z\WU]\PDáR FL FHPHQWRJUXQWX QD FLVNDQLH PD ]DVWRVRZDQLH ZáD FLZ\FK ]DSDVyZ

EH]SLHF]H VWZDFRVWDQRZLMHGHQ]QDMZD QLHMV]\FKHOHPHQWyZSURMHNWRZDQLD'607R]DJDGQLHQLH

RPyZLRQRV]HU]HMZSXQNFLH

 $VSHNW\SURMHNWRZH

3URMHNWRZDQLHZ]PRFQLHQLDJUXQWXPHWRG ZJá EQHJRPLHV]DQLDREHMPXMHGZDHWDS\DPLDQRZLFLH

XVWDOHQLHSDUDPHWUyZPHFKDQLF]Q\FKVWDELOL]RZDQHJRJUXQWXPR OLZ\FKGRRVL JQL FLD]]DáR RQ\P

SR]LRPHPXIQR FLFRVSURZDG]DVL GRRGSRZLHGQLHJR]DSURMHNWRZDQLDFHPHQWRJUXQWXRUD]

 XVWDOHQLH RGSRZLHGQLHJR XNáDGX NROXPQ L ]DNUHVX Z]PRFQLHQLD JUXQWX FR REHMPXMH SURMHNW

JHRWHFKQLF]Q\

-HVW SU]\ W\P RF]\ZLVWH H RED HWDS\ SURMHNWRZDQLD V  Z]DMHPQLH SRZL ]DQH RUD] H X]\VNDQLH

RSW\PDOQ\FKUR]ZL ]D Z\PDJDVWRVRZDQLDSURFHGXU\LWHUDF\MQHMDZáD FLZLHXNLHUXQNRZDQHEDGDQLD

ODERUDWRU\MQHLSRORZHSRPDJDM ]PQLHMV]\ü]ZL ]DQH]W\PU\]\NR

 3URMHNWRZDQLHFHPHQWRJUXQWX

1DMZD QLHMV]\PL SDUDPHWUDPL FHPHQWRJUXQWX MDNLH QDOH \ RNUH OLü GOD SRWU]HE SURMHNWRZDQLD

'60 V  Z\WU]\PDáR ü QD FLVNDQLH L PRGXá FL OLZR FL D F]DVDPL WDN H Z\WU]\PDáR ü QD FLQDQLH

J VWR ü L SU]HSXV]F]DOQR ü ]ZáDV]F]D Z SU]\SDGNX SU]HJUyG SU]HFLZILOWUDF\MQ\FK 1DMF] FLHM

NROXPQ\ '60 V  ]QDF]QLH V]W\ZQLHMV]H RG RWDF]DM FHJR MH JUXQWX FR SURZDG]L GR NRQFHQWUDFML

G]LDáDM FHJRQDQLHREFL HQLD:W\FKZDUXQNDFKZ\WU]\PDáR üFHPHQWRJUXQWXQD FLVNDQLHV]\ENR

QDELHUD GHF\GXM FHJR ]QDF]HQLD 3R]RVWDáH SDUDPHWU\ PHFKDQLF]QH PR QD ] Z\VWDUF]DM F 

GRNáDGQR FL RNUH OLüQDSRGVWDZLH]DOH QR FLNRUHODF\MQ\FKRSDUW\FKQDZ\WU]\PDáR FL7\PVDP\P

Z\WU]\PDáR üFHPHQWRJUXQWXQD FLVNDQLHDZSUDNW\FHZ\WU]\PDáR üQD FLVNDQLHMHGQRRVLRZH

T

X

]H

Z]JO GXQDGRVW SQR üLQLVNLHNRV]W\Z\NRQDQLDWDNLFKEDGD RND]XMHVL SRGVWDZRZ\PSDUDPHWUHP

SURMHNWRZ\P

6SRG]LHZDQD Z\WU]\PDáR ü FKDUDNWHU\VW\F]QD FHPHQWRJUXQWX

I

FN

SU]\M WR WHUPLQRORJL  ]JRGQLH]

31(1   MHVW ] UHJXá\ RNUH ODQD Z ]DOH QR FL RG IL]\F]Q\FK L FKHPLF]Q\FK ZáD FLZR FL

Z]PDFQLDQHJRJUXQWXRUD]URG]DMXLLOR FLGRGDQHJRVSRLZDDOHWDN HZ]DOH QR FLRGVNáDGXZRG\

JUXQWRZHM VWRVXQNX :& ]DF]\QX ZLOJRWQR ü JUXQWX L ZáR RQHM SUDF\ PLHV]DQLD 1D W\P HWDSLH

NRQLHF]QDMHVWGREUD]QDMRPR ü]áR RQ\FKSURFHVyZZL ]DQLDJUXQWX]FHPHQWHPRUD]GR ZLDGF]HQLH

Z\NRQDZF]H FR F] VWR VWDQRZL EDULHU  Z SURMHNWRZDQLX ELRU F SRG XZDJ  Uy QRURGQR ü JUXQWyZ L

VSRLZK\GUDXOLF]Q\FKRUD]VSHF\ILN SURFHVXPLHV]DQLDJUXQWX]]DF]\QHPZZDUXQNDFKLQVLWX=WHJR

SRZRGX EDUG]R SRPRFQH V  RGSRZLHGQLR XNLHUXQNRZDQH EDGDQLD ODERUDWRU\MQH SUyEHN JUXQWX

Z\PLHV]DQHJR ] WHVWRZDQ\P VSRLZHP K\GUDXOLF]Q\P NWyUH V  F] VWR QLH]E GQH GOD X]\VNDQLD

PLDURGDMQ\FK]DOH QR FLNRUHODF\MQ\FKRUD]RFHQLOR FLRZ\FK

background image



:\WU]\PDáR ü FKDUDNWHU\VW\F]Q  FHPHQWRJUXQWX QD FLVNDQLH

I

FN

 SRZLQQR VL  RNUH ODü ]

XZ]JO GQLHQLHP ]QDF]QHJR UR]U]XWX Z\WU]\PDáR FL SRORZHM

T

XI

 NWyU\ MHVW GX R ZL NV]\ QL  Z

SU]\SDGNX SUyEHN EHWRQX FR MHVW LPPDQHQWQ  FHFK  WHFKQRORJLL '60 = WHJR SRZRGX SU]\M FLH

UDFMRQDOQLHX]DVDGQLRQHMZDUWR FL

I

FN



PDGX H]QDF]HQLHWHFKQLF]QRHNRQRPLF]QHLSRZLQQRE\üRSDUWH

QDDQDOL]LHVWDW\VW\F]QHMX]\VNLZDQ\FKZ\WU]\PDáR FLELRU FSRGXZDJ  UHGQL Z\WU]\PDáR üSRORZ 

XI

T

RUD]VSRG]LHZDQHRGFK\OHQLHVWDQGDUGRZHV

G

FRPR QD]DSLVDüMDNR

XI

G

XI

FN

T

Y

P

PV

T

I









  

:DUWR ü SDUDPHWUX P RNUH OD VL  Z ]DOH QR FL RG SU]\M WHJR UR]NáDGX VWDW\VW\F]QHJR L SUDZGRSR

GRELH VWZD QLHSU]HNURF]HQLD ZDUWR FL PLQLPDOQHM =DNáDGDM F GOD XSURV]F]HQLD ZD QR ü UR]NáDGX

QRUPDOQHJR GOD Z\WU]\PDáR FL QD FLVNDQLH RUD] SUDZGRSRGRELH VWZR  F]HPX RGSRZLDGD

ZDGOLZR üRWU]\PDP\P 3U]\MPXM FUHDOLVW\F]Q ZDUWR üZVND QLND]PLHQQR FLYRNRáR



RWU]\PDP\W\PVDP\P

XI

FN

T

I

˜

| 











FR SRND]XMH H QDZHW SU]\ X]\VNDQLX GREUHJR VWRSQLD Z\PLHV]DQLD FHPHQWRJUXQWX Z\WU]\PDáR ü

FKDUDNWHU\VW\F]QD

I

FN

 SRZLQQD E\ü SU]\MPRZDQD FR QDMZ\ HM QD SR]LRPLH RNRáR  UHGQLHM

Z\WU]\PDáR FLSRORZHMZV]\VWNLFK]EDGDQ\FKSUyEHN1DWRPLDVWSU]\RSDUFLXRFHQ\

I

FN

QDZ\QLNDFK

EDGD SUyEHNJUXQWXZ\PLHV]DQHJRZZDUXQNDFKODERUDWRU\MQ\FKQDOH \RF]HNLZDü



XODE

FN

T

I

˜

|









GR















FRZL HVL ]OHSV]\PLZDUXQNDPLPLHV]DQLDLGRMU]HZDQLDFHPHQWRJUXQWXZSRUyZQDQLXGRV\WXDFML

LQVLWX SRU>@ 

:SUDNW\FHSURMHNWRZHMGRZVW SQHMRFHQ\PR OLZHMGRX]\VNDQLDZ\WU]\PDáR FLFHPHQWRJUXQWXQD

FLVNDQLH Z ZDUXQNDFK SRORZ\FK Z\NRU]\VWXMH VL  UyZQLH  LQIRUPDFMH ] SRSU]HGQLR Z\NRQDQ\FK

EXGyZ VXNFHV\ZQLH JURPDG]RQH Z EDQNX GDQ\FK 3U]\NáDGRZH GDQH ] SUDNW\NL Z\NRQDZF]HM Z

3ROVFH ]DPLHV]F]RQR Z WDEOLF\  1DOH \ SU]\ W\P SDPL WDü H Z REOLF]HQLDFK VWDW\F]Q\FK

SU]\WRF]RQHZDUWR FLQDOH \GRGDWNRZR]UHGXNRZDü]XZ]JO GQLHQLHPRGSRZLHGQLFKZVSyáF]\QQLNyZ

EH]SLHF]H VWZD JOREDOQ\FK OXE F] VWNRZ\FK  3R]RVWDáH SDUDPHWU\ Z\WU]\PDáR FLRZH PRJ  E\ü

RV]DFRZDQHZRSDUFLXR]DPLHV]F]RQH]DOH QR FLNRUHODF\MQH

7DEOLFD7\SRZHZáD FLZR FLFHPHQWRJUXQWXL]DOH QR FLNRUHODF\MQH ZDUXQNLSRORZH 

5RG]DMJUXQWX

=DZDUWR üFHPHQWR

JUXQWX>NJP



@

:\WU]\PDáR üQD FLVND

QLHSRGQLDFK>03D@

3U]HSXV]F]DOQR ü



>PV@

1DZRGQLRQHRVDG\





±

î



7RUI\QDPXá\



±

 

î





0L NNRSODVW\F]QHLá\JOLQ\



±

 

î





3ODVW\F]QHWZSOLá\JOLQ\



±

 

î





3\á\SLDVNLS\ODVWH



±

î





3LDVNLGUREQHL UHGQLH



±

î





3LDVNLJUXEH ZLU\



±

î





:\EUDQH]DOH QR FLNRUHODF\MQH

3DUDPHWU

6SRG]LHZDQDZDUWR ü

3DUDPHWU

6SRG]LHZDQDZDUWR ü

:\WU]\PDáR üQD

FLQDQLH EDGDQDZ

DSDUDFLHEH]S FLQDQLD

EH]QDFLVNXSLRQ 

GRî

I

FN



GOD

I

FN





03D

GRî

I

FN



I

FN



03D



î

I

FN





GOD

I

FN



!

03D

:VSyáF]\QQLN

3RLVVRQD

WR

:\WU]\PDáR üQD

UR]FL JDQLH

GRî

I

FN





DOHQLHZL FHMQL N3D

3U]\URVWZ\WU]\PD

áR FLZJUV\SNLFK

T

X

GR î

T

X



T

X

GRî

T

X



6LHF]Q\PRGXá FL OL

ZR FL

(



>03D@





î

I

FN





GOD

I

FN





03D



î

I

FN





GOD

I

FN

!

03D

3U]\URVWZ\WU]\PD

áR FLZJUVSRLVW\FK

T

X

î

T

X

T

X

î

T

X







3URFHVZL ]DQLDFHPHQWRJUXQWXMHVWF] VWRUR]FL JQL W\ZF]DVLHLPR HSU]HELHJDüGáX HMQL XPRZQHGQL



background image



 3URMHNWRZDQLHJHRWHFKQLF]QH

3URMHNWRZDQLHJHRWHFKQLF]QHREHMPXMHXVWDOHQLHQDSRGVWDZLHRGSRZLHGQLFKDQDOL]REOLF]HQLRZ\FK

NRQLHF]QHJR ]DNUHVX Z]PRFQLHQLD OXE XV]F]HOQLHQLD  SRGáR D Z W\P V]F]HJyáRZHJR SODQX

UR]PLHV]F]HQLDNROXPQ=DOH QLHRGSU]\M WHJRXNáDGXNROXPQ'60Z]PRFQLRQ\REV]DUJUXQWXPR H

E\üUR]SDWU\ZDQ\MDNR]HVSRORQ\EORNRSRGZ\ V]RQHMZ\WU]\PDáR FLLV]W\ZQR FLZSRUyZQDQLXGR

JUXQWX URG]LPHJR OXE MDNR V\VWHP NRPELQRZDQ\ Z NWyU\P NROXPQ\ '60 L JUXQW URG]LP\

ZVSyáSUDFXM ]HVRE ZUy Q\PVWRSQLXZSU]HQRV]HQLXREFL HQLD:SLHUZV]\PSU]\SDGNXDQDOL]\

REOLF]HQLRZHV Z]JO GQLHSURVWHDOHVDPRUR]ZL ]DQLHQDRJyáVWRVXQNRZREH]SLHF]QHQLHMHVWF] VWR

RSW\PDOQH = NROHL Z SU]\SDGNX V\VWHPX NRPELQRZDQHJR PR QD X]\VNDü EDUG]R RV]F] GQH

UR]ZL ]DQLD SRVDGRZLHQLD DOH EDULHU  V  VNRPSOLNRZDQH PHFKDQL]P\ Z]DMHPQHJR RGG]LDá\ZDQLD

Uy Q\FK XNáDGyZ NROXPQ\JUXQW Z\PDJDM FH F] VWR QXPHU\F]Q\FK DQDOL] WUyMZ\PLDURZ\FK

3URSRUFMRQDOQLH UR QLH UyZQLH  U\]\NR ]DVWRVRZDQLD WDNLFK UR]ZL ]D  á F]QLH ] PR OLZR FL 

Z\VW SLHQLD ]QLV]F]HQLD SURJUHV\ZQHJR : SU]\SDGNX V\VWHPX NRPELQRZDQHJR EDUG]R SRZD Q\P

Eá GHP SURMHNWRZ\P PR H E\ü QD SU]\NáDG EH]NU\W\F]QH X UHGQLDQLH ZDJRZH SDUDPHWUyZ

Z\WU]\PDáR FLRZ\FKZ]PRFQLRQHJRLURG]LPHJRJUXQWXSRG\NWRZDQHFK FL Z\NRU]\VWDQLDSURVW\FK

PHWRGREOLF]HQLRZ\FK2W\PF]\X UHGQLDQLHWDNLHMHVW]DVDGQHF]\QLHGHF\GXM ERZLHPZ\á F]QLH

PLDURGDMQHPHFKDQL]P\]QLV]F]HQLDDQLHSU]\MPRZDQHF] VWREH]NU\W\F]QLH]DáR HQLD

3XQNWHP Z\M FLD GR RNUH OHQLD SRWU]HEQHM OLF]E\ NROXPQ '60 MHVW XZ]JO GQLHQLH Z\PDJD 

IXQNFMRQDOQ\FKLVWDW\F]Q\FKSURMHNWRZDQHJRRELHNWXRUD]SU]\M FLHEH]SLHF]QHJRSR]LRPXQDSU HQLD

FLVNDM FHJR GOD ]DSURMHNWRZDQHJR FHPHQWRJUXQWX FR F] VWR RNUH OD VL  MDNR VSUDZG]HQLH ZDUXQNX

Z\WU]\PDáR FLZHZQ WU]QHMFHPHQWRJUXQWX:REHFQHMSUDNW\FHSURMHNWRZHM'60SU]HZD DNODV\F]QH

SRGHM FLHGRZDUXQNXZ\WU]\PDáR FLZHZQ WU]QHMRSDUWHQDNRQFHSFMLQDSU HQLDGRSXV]F]DOQHJRI

FD



NWyUHMHVWREOLF]DQHMDNR

V

FN

FD

)

I

I

  

JG]LH )

V

 UHSUH]HQWXMH JOREDOQ\ ZVSyáF]\QQLN EH]SLHF]H VWZD NWyU\ Z\QRVL  MH HOL UR]SDWUXMH VL 

REFL HQLDREOLF]HQLRZHOXEMH HOLSRGXZDJ EUDQHV REFL HQLDFKDUDNWHU\VW\F]QH2ELHZDUWR FL

V  GRV\ü Z\VRNLH DOH WU]HED SDPL WDü H Z W\P SRGHM FLX SRPLMD VL  ZSá\Z ZLHOX GRGDWNRZ\FK

F]\QQLNyZ PLQ URG]DMX REFL HQLD PHWRG\ REOLF]HQLRZHM ZD QR FL NRQVWUXNFML SHá]DQLD LWS

)RUPDOQLH ELRU F PR QD E\ UyZQLH  VWRVRZDü SRGHM FLH VWDQX JUDQLF]QHJR QR QR FL L F] VWNRZH

ZVSyáF]\QQLNLEH]SLHF]H VWZDDOHQDFKZLO REHFQ QLHRSUDFRZDQRMHV]F]HRGSRZLHGQLFK]DOHFH 

=DVDGQLF]\P SRZRGHP VWRVRZDQLD ZJá EQHJR PLHV]DQLD JUXQWX Z SU]\SDGNX Z\VW SRZDQLD

WUXGQ\FK ZDUXQNyZ SRVDGRZLHQLD RELHNWyZ LQ \QLHUVNLFK MHVW SRWU]HED RJUDQLF]HQLD LFK RVLDGDQLD

3URMHNWRZDQH XNáDG\ NROXPQ GR UHGXNFML RVLDGDQLD REHMPXM  SU]HZD QLH NROXPQ\ SRMHG\QF]H OXE

á F]RQHQDWRPLDVWXNáDG\NRPyUNRZH FLDQ\LEORNLVWRVRZDQHV ]DUyZQRGRRJUDQLF]HQLDRVLDGDQLD

MDNLGRSRSUDZLHQLDQR QR FLLSU]HM FLDGX \FKVLáSLRQRZ\FKRUD]VLáSR]LRP\FK%DUG]RNRU]\VWQ 

FHFK W\FKUR]ZL ]D MHVWPR OLZR ü]DFKRZDQLDPDá\FKJDEDU\WyZIXQGDPHQWyZSRQLHZD NROXPQ\

'60ZRGUy QLHQLXRGSDOLQR Q\FKPRJ E\üZ\NRQ\ZDQHMHGQDRERNGUXJLHM2EFL HQLD]]DVDG\

SU]HQRV]RQHV QDJá ELHM]DOHJDM FHZDUVWZ\QR QHDOHQLHNWyUHUR]ZL ]DQLDRSLHUDM VL UyZQLH QD

XNáDGDFKNROXPQ]DZLHV]RQ\FKLXZ]JO GQLHQLXRGG]LDá\ZDQLDJUXQWXZ]PRFQLRQHJRLURG]LPHJRZ

SU]HQRV]HQLX REFL HQLD 1DOH \ UyZQLH  SRGNUH OLü H SU]\ ]DVWRVRZDQLX ZL NV]HM OLF]E\ NROXPQ

Z\PRJL MDNR FLRZH GOD SRMHG\QF]HM NROXPQ\ V  áDWZLHMV]H GR VSHáQLHQLD D HZHQWXDOQH LPSHUIHNFML

Z\NRQDZF]HVWDM VL PQLHMLVWRWQH

'OD LOXVWUDFML DNWXDOQHM SUDNW\NL SURMHNWRZHM SU]HGVWDZLRQR SU]\NáDG UR]ZL ]DQLD SRVDGRZLHQLD

IXQGDPHQWXSRGSRU\ZLDGXNWXGURJRZHJRRF]WHUHFKSU] VáDFKSU]HFKRG] FHJRQDGDXWRVWUDG $QD

NROXPQDFK '60 5R]SDWU\ZDQD MHVW SRGSRUD VNUDMQD SU]\F]yáND NWyUHM IXQGDPHQW PD Z\PLDU\

îî P U\V   : FHOX RJUDQLF]HQLD RVLDGDQLD SRGSRU\ SRVDGRZLRQHM Z PLHMVFX

Z\VW SRZDQLD SODVW\F]Q\FK JOLQ L SLDVNyZ JOLQLDVW\FK SRG FLHORQ\FK ]DJ V]F]RQ\PL SLDVNDPL

GUREQ\PL]DSURMHNWRZDQRXNáDGNROXPQ'60R UHGQLF\FPREHMPXM F\NROXPQJáyZQ\FK

R GáXJR FL  P L  NROXPQ SRPRFQLF]\FK R GáXJR FL  P .UyWNLH NROXPQ\ QD REZRG]LH

IXQGDPHQWX ]DSURMHNWRZDQR ]H Z]JO GX QD SRVDGRZLHQLH SRGSRU\ QD SRGZ\ V]RQ\P QDV\SLH R

Z\VRNR FLPRUD]ZFHOX]ZL NV]HQLDSRSU]HF]QHMV]W\ZQR FLFDáHJRXNáDGXSRGSDUFLD

=HZ]JO GXQD]áR RQ\XNáDGNROXPQREOLF]HQLDRVLDGDQLDLZ\W HQLDNROXPQZ\NRQDQR0(6Z

XNáDG]LHSU]HVWU]HQQ\P0DNV\PDOQDFKDUDNWHU\VW\F]QDVLáDQDFLVNXQDNROXPQ Z\QLRVáDN1

F]HPX RGSRZLDGD QDSU HQLH  N3D 3U]\ ]DVWRVRZDQLX ZVSyáF]\QQLND EH]SLHF]H VWZD )

V



Z\PDJDQDPLQLPDOQDZ\WU]\PDáR üFHPHQWRJUXQWXZ\QRVL03D2EOLF]RQHRVLDGDQLHSRGSRU\RG

background image



FL DUX ZáDVQHJR Z\QRVLáR  PP D SR Z\NRQDQLX ]DV\SX ]D SU]\F]yáNLHP  PP =PLHU]RQH

RVLDGDQLH FDáNRZLWH SRGSRU\ SR  GQLDFK RG RGGDQLD RELHNWX GR HNVSORDWDFML Z\QLRVáR  PP

:DUWR MHGQRF]H QLH ]ZUyFLü XZDJ  H XSURV]F]RQH REOLF]HQLD VLá G]LDáDM F\FK QD SRV]F]HJyOQH

NROXPQ\ '60 Z\NRQDQH PHWRG  V]W\ZQHJR RF]HSX Z\ND]Dá\ Z SRUyZQDQLX GR 0(6 '

QLHGRV]DFRZDQLH VLá Z NROXPQDFK QDUR Q\FK R RNRáR  SRGF]DV JG\ SRG URGNLHP IXQGDPHQWX

V\WXDFMDE\áDRGZURWQD U\V 















































5\V3U]\NáDGSRVDGRZLHQLDSRGSRU\ZLDGXNWXDXWRVWUDGRZHJRQDNROXPQDFK'60RUD]SRUyZQDQLHVLáZNROXPQDFK

'60REOLF]RQ\FK0(6' WáXVWDF]FLRQND LPHWRG V]W\ZQHJRRF]HSX QRUPDOQDF]FLRQND 



 3RGVXPRZDQLH

1DOH \SRGNUH OLü HNOXF]HPGRSRP\ OQ\FKDSOLNDFMLWHFKQRORJLL'60MHVWGREUH]UR]XPLHQLH

SURFHVX PLHV]DQLD L UHDNFML FKHPLF]Q\FK ]DFKRG] F\FK Z JUXQFLH RUD] ZVSyáSUDF\ NROXPQ '60 ]

JUXQWHP URG]LP\P .RQLHF]QH MHVW SU]\ W\P ]ZUyFHQLH XZDJL H QDZHW SU]\ QDMOHSV]\P SR]LRPLH

Z\NRQDZVWZD L QDMOHSV]HM NRQWUROL UREyW QLH MHVW PR OLZH Z\HOLPLQRZDQLH PLHMVFRZ\FK LPSHUIHNFML

Z\PLHV]DQLD VSRLZD ] JUXQWHP ]ZáDV]F]D Z JUXQWDFK VSRLVW\FK = WHJR SRZRGX QDOH \ VWRVRZDü

]DUyZQRRGSRZLHGQLHUR]ZL ]DQLDSURMHNWRZHLRGSRZLHGQLRZ\VRNLHZVSyáF]\QQLNLEH]SLHF]H VWZD

MDN L UDFMRQDOQH PHWRG\ EDGDQLD RUD] NRQWUROL Z\NRQDQ\FK UREyW &] VWH SU]\SDGNL WUDNWRZDQLD QD

EXGRZDFKNROXPQ'60MDNEHWRQRZ\FKSDOLZ\QLNDM FH]EUDNX]UR]XPLHQLDWHFKQRORJLLZJá EQHJR

PLHV]DQLDJUXQWXQLHPDM ERZLHPPHU\WRU\F]QHJRX]DVDGQLHQLD

/LWHUDWXUD

>@ 7232/1,&.,0,QVLWX6RLO0L[LQJUR]G]LDáZ*URXQG,PSURYHPHQW5HG00RVHOH\L.

.LUVFK6SRQ3UHVV/RQG\QV

'(6,*1$1'(;(&87,212)*5281',03529(0(1786,1*'((362,/

0,;,1* '60 726833257+,*+:$<%5,'*()281'$7,216

7KHFXUUHQWVWDWHRIGHYHORSPHQWRIZHW'60LQ3RODQGLVSUHVHQWHG,PSRUWDQWGHVLJQVWHSVRIDQ\DSSOLFDWLRQLQYROYH

SUHGLFWLRQRIHQJLQHHULQJSURSHUWLHVRIVWDELOLVHGVRLOGHWHUPLQHGE\LQPL[HGFRPSRQHQWVDQGDSSOLHGPL[LQJZRUN VRLO

PL[ GHVLJQ  DV ZHOO DV VHOHFWLRQ RI WKH DSSURSULDWH SDWWHUQ DQG OHQJWK RI '60 FROXPQV JHRWHFKQLFDO GHVLJQ  %DFN

HYDOXDWLRQRIFRPSOHWHGSURMHFWVDQGGHGLFDWHGUHVHDUFKKDYHEHHQXVHGWRHVWDEOLVKSURFHGXUHVZKLFKHQDEOHDUHOLDEOH

XVHRIWKLVWHFKQRORJ\LQFLYLOHQJLQHHULQJSUDFWLFH'HVLJQH[DPSOHRIKLJKZD\EULGJHVXSSRUWLVLQFOXGHGIRULOOXVWUDWLRQ

N1

NROXPQ/ P



0

[



0

\



9



P

P

NROXPQ/ P



N1

N1



9 N1



0

[

 N1P0

\

 N1P




Wyszukiwarka

Podobne podstrony:
Projektowanie i wykonawstwo posadowienia wiaduktów autostradowych na podłożu wzmocnionym metodą wgłę
Instalacje Sanitarne (rok III), Sanita, Projekt wykonano na zlecenie Katedry In˙ynierii Sanitarnej
PROJEKT3 2010 Posadowienie glebokie na palach
Wykonastwo stropów z płyt WPS na belkach stalowych Przykładowy przekrój stropu, Projektowanie Budo
PN B 03210 1997 Konstrukcje stalowe Zbiorniki walcowe pionowe na ciecze Projektowanie i wykonanie
Pn B 03262 2002 Silosy Żelbetowe Na Materiały Sypkie Obliczenia Statyczne,Projektowanie,Wykonas
Przydatne do projektu, Czy wykonanie przyłączy infrastruktury technicznej na potrzeby budowy wymaga
Ćw 3 wytwarzanie powłok metalicznych na podłożu metalicznym i niemetalicznym
Depresja – mechanizm rozwoju (czakry, działanie na podłożu energetycznym)
projektnavi pl wymiana wy wietlacza na nowy z rozlogowaniem
Ława na podłożu sprężystym
03 BRYT NITARSKA I Błędy projektowe i wykonawcze jako przyczyny stanu awaryjnego budynku mieszkalneg
Teoria queer jest to koncepcja wyrosła w Ameryce na podłożu?minizmu trzeciej?li
OPIS TECHNICZNY HALA STALOWA, Budownictwo Politechnika Rzeszowska, Rok IV, Konstrukcje Metalowe, Pro
projekt i wykonanie sieci komputerowej - cz.2, Pomoce naukowe, studia, informatyka
opis zalesie fi 14 1, Praca, mkbud, Domaszowice hale silosy, dokumentacja, zalesie projekt wykonawcz

więcej podobnych podstron