:\NoDG11
'oDZLNL
6WDFMHHOHNWURHQHUJHW\F]QH
Copyright by Wieslaw Nowak, Kraków 2002
'oDZLNL
'oDZLNL]ZDUFLRZH
'oDZLNLJDV]lFH
'oDZLNLNRPSHQVDF\MQH
'oDZLNL]DSRURZH7(1
3RGVWDZRZHSRMnFLDGRW\F]lFHVWDFML
HOHNWURHQHUJHW\F]Q\FK
.ODV\ILNDFMDVWDFMLHOHNWURHQHUJHW\F]Q\FK
3RODUR]G]LHOQLLLFKZ\SRVDsHQLH
8NoDG\SRolF]HpUR]G]LHOQL
8NoDG\]V]\QDPL]ELRUF]\PL
8NoDG\EH]V]\QRZH
'oDZLNL
:rUqG GoDZLNqZ VWRVRZDQ\FK Z HOHNWURHQHUJHW\FH
Z\PLHQLmPRsQD
•
GoDZLNL]ZDUFLRZH
•
GoDZLNLJDV]lFH
•
GoDZLNLNRPSHQVDF\MQH
•
GoDZLNL]DSRURZH7(17HOHIRQLL(QHUJHW\F]QHM
1RrQHM
'oDZLNL]ZDUFLRZH
'oDZLNL ]ZDUFLRZH PDMl GR VSHoQLHQLD Z XNoDG]LH
HOHNWURHQHUJHW\F]Q\PGZLHIXQNFMH
•
REQLsHQLHPRF\]ZDUFLRZHMVWDQRZLlZolF]RQl
V]HUHJRZRZREZRG]LH]ZDUFLRZ\PGXsl
UHDNWDQFMn
•
XWU]\PDQLHQDSLnFLDQDV]\QDFKVWDFMLSRGF]DV
]ZDUFLD
=H Z]JOnGX QD PLHMVFH ]DLQVWDORZDQLD UR]UqsQLD VLn
GoDZLNL]ZDUFLRZHU\VXQHN
•
V]\QRZHVHNF\MQH
•
OLQLRZH
'oDZLNL]ZDUFLRZHEXGXMHVLnEH]UG]HQLIHUURPDJQH
W\F]Q\FKDE\FKDUDNWHU\]RZDo\VLnVWDolQLH]DOHsQl
RGZDUWRrFLSU]HSo\ZDMlFHJRSUlGXLQGXNF\MQRrFLl
'/
'/ '/
'6
,
,,
5\V0LHMVFD]DLQVWDORZDQLDGoDZLNqZ]ZDUFLRZ\FK
'/GoDZLNLOLQLRZHLQVWDORZDQHZ RGSo\ZDFK OLQLRZ\FK
'6 GoDZLNL V]\QRZH LQVWDORZDQH SRPLnG]\ VHNFMDPL
V]\Q]ELRUF]\FK,SLHUZV]DVHNFMDV]\Q]ELRUF]\FK,,
GUXJDVHNFMDV]\Q]ELRUF]\FK
VWU:11
3RGVWDZRZ\PL SDUDPHWUDPL GoDZLNqZ ]ZDUFLRZ\FK
Vl
•
QDSLnFLH]QDPLRQRZH8
Q
•
SUlG]QDPLRQRZ\,
Q
$$$$
$$$$$
•
PRFSU]HFKRGQLD6
S
8
Q
⋅
,
Q
•
UHDNWDQFMDQDSLnFLH]ZDUFLD;
G
•
SUlGV]F]\WRZ\]QDPLRQRZ\L
QP
•
Z\WU]\PDoRrmFLHSOQDMHGQRVHNXQGRZD,
WK
: SUDF\ GoDZLND PRsQD Z\UqsQLm GZD SRGVWDZRZH
VWDQ\
•
SUDFDZQRUPDOQ\FKZDUXQNDFKREFLlsHQLRZ\FK
•
SUDFDZVWDQLH]ZDUFLD
6SDGHNQDSLnFLDQDGoDZLNXZ\UDsDVLn]DOHsQRrFLl
∆
8 , 5 , ;
=
+
FRV VLQ
ϕ
ϕ
JG]LH,ZDUWRrmSUlGXSU]HSo\ZDMlFDSU]H]GoDZLN
5 ; UH]\VWDQFMD L UHDNWDQFMD GoDZLND QD RJqo
;5 !
ϕ
NlWSU]HVXQLnFLDID]RZHJRZREZRG]LH
olF]QLH]GoDZLNLHP=DOHsQRrmZ]JOnGQHJRVSDGNX
QDSLnFLD SU]\ ]DoRsHQLX , ,
Q
RUD] ;5 RG
ZVSqoF]\QQLND PRF\ REZRGX SU]HGVWDZLD U\VXQHN
FRV
ϕ
∆
U [% ]
;5
, ,
Q
5\V6SDGHNQDSLnFLDQDGoDZLNXZ]DOHsQRrFLRG
ZVSqoF]\QQLNDPRF\
=U\VXQNXZ\QLNDsH
•
SU]\ZDUWRrFLFRV
ϕ
≈
DZLnFZVWDQLHSUDF\
QRUPDOQHMVSDGHNQDSLnFLDQDGoDZLNXMHVW
QLHZLHONL
•
ZVWDQLH]ZDUFLDVSDGHNQDSLnFLDZ]UDVWD
]QDF]QLH]DUqZQR]XZDJLQDZ]URVWSUlGXMDN
L]PQLHMV]HQLHZVSqoF]\QQLNDPRF\GODREZRGqZ
]ZDUFLRZ\FKFRV
ϕ
≈
=H Z]JOnGqZ NRQVWUXNF\MQ\FK GoDZLNL ]ZDUFLRZH Vl
VWRVRZDQH Z X]DVDGQLRQ\FK SU]\SDGNDFK JoqZQLH Z
UR]G]LHOQLDFK SU]HP\VoRZ\FK rUHGQLHJR QDSLnFLD
'oDZLNLQDZ\VRNLHLQDMZ\sV]HQDSLnFLDPLDo\E\]E\W
GXsHZ\PLDU\LE\o\E\]E\WNRV]WRZQH
1DMF]nrFLHM VSRW\NDQl NRQVWUXNFMl Vl GoDZLNL
SRZLHWU]QH R NRQVWUXNFML EHWRQRZHM U\VXQHN
'oDZLN WDNL VNoDGD VLn ] FHZNL ] L]RORZDQHJR
SU]HZRGX PLHG]LDQHJR OXE DOXPLQLRZHJR QDZLQLnWHM
VSLUDOQLHQDV]DEORQLHLQDVWnSQLH]DODQHMEHWRQHPZ
VSHFMDOQHM IRUPLH 'oDZLNL olF]\ VLn Z ]HVSqo
WUqMID]RZ\RGL]RORZXMlFRGVLHELHLRG]LHPLSRV]F]H
JqOQH VHJPHQW\ ID]RZH ]D SRPRFl L]RODWRUqZ
ZVSRUF]\FK =H Z]JOnGqZ QD RGG]LDo\ZDQLD
HOHNWURG\QDPLF]QH SU]\ ]ZDUFLX ID]D rURGNRZD MHVW
QDZLQLnWDSU]HFLZQLHQLsGZLHSR]RVWDoH
5\V'oDZLN]ZDUFLRZ\SRZLHWU]Q\EHWRQRZ\
X]ZRMHQLH FHZNL VHJPHQWX ID]RZHJR ZVSRUQLNL
EHWRQRZHL]RODWRU\ZVSRUF]H
,QQHPRsOLZHNRQVWUXNFMHGoDZLNqZWR
•
RNRQVWUXNFMLSRGREQHMGRGoDZLNqZEHWRQRZ\FK
OHF]EHWRQ]DVWlSLRQ\MHVWPDWHULDoHPs\ZLF]Q\P
•
GoDZLNLROHMRZHXPLHV]F]RQHZNDG]LPHWDORZHM
WDNRQVWUXNFMDXPRsOLZLD]QDF]QH]PQLHMV]HQLH
Z\PLDUqZOHF]SRZRGXMHGRGDWNRZHVWUDW\Z
NDG]L
VWU:11
'2%h5'f$:,.h:=:$5&,2:<&+
1DSLnFLD ]QDPLRQRZH 8
Q
PXVL E\m UqZQH ElGt
ZLnNV]HRGQDSLnFLD]QDPLRQRZHJRVLHFL
3UlG]QDPLRQRZ\,
Q
PXVLE\mUqZQ\ElGtZLnNV]\
RGSUlGXREFLlsHQLDGoXJRWUZDoHJR
1DSLnFLH ]ZDUFLD UHDNWDQFMn GoDZLND GRELHUD VLn
]HZ]JOnGX
D QDZ\PDJDQH]PQLHMV]HQLHPRF\]ZDUFLRZHM
;
8 ,
6
6
G
Q Q
N
N
=
−
JG]LH6
N
PRF]ZDUFLRZD>09$@QDV]\QDFK
SU]HGGoDZLNLHPRGVWURQ\]DVLODQLD6
N
PRF
]ZDUFLRZD>09$@Z\PDJDQDRJUDQLF]RQD]D
GoDZLNLHP8
Q
>N9@,
Q
>$@
E QD Z\PDJDQl ZDUWRrm QDSLnFLD QD V]\QDFK SU]\
]ZDUFLX]DGoDZLNLHP
8
; ,
U
G N
≈
′′
JG]LH,
N
SRF]lWNRZ\SUlG]ZDUFLRZ\]D
GoDZLNLHP
3UlGV]F]\WRZ\L
QP
PXVLE\mUqZQ\ElGtZLnNV]\
RG VSRG]LHZDQHJR SUlGX XGDURZHJR Z\VWnSXMl
FHJRZPLHMVFX]DLQVWDORZDQLDGoDZLND
:\WU]\PDoRrmFLHSOQl]ZDUFLRZlVSUDZG]DVLnMDN
GODLQQ\FKXU]lG]Hp
'oDZLNLJDV]lFH
'oDZLNL JDV]lFH VWRVRZDQH Vl Z VLHFLDFK ]
L]RORZDQ\PSXQNWHPJZLD]GRZ\PDZLnFZVLHFLDFK
rUHGQLFKQDSLnm
,FK]DGDQLHPMHVW
•
RJUDQLF]HQLHNRPSHQVDFMDSUlGXGR]LHPLHQLD
]LHPQR]ZDUFLRZHJRGRWDNLHMZDUWRrFLSRQLsHM
NWqUHMQLHMHVWPRsOLZHZ\VWlSLHQLHW]ZoXNX
SU]HU\ZDQHJRSURZDG]lFHJRGRQLHEH]SLHF]Q\FK
GODL]RODFMLV]\ENR]PLHQQ\FKSU]HSLnm
]LHPQR]ZDUFLRZ\FK
.UDMRZH SU]HSLV\ Z\PDJDMl DE\ VWRVRZDm
NRPSHQVDFMn SUlGX ]LHPQR]ZDUFLRZHJR Z
QDVWnSXMlF\FKSU]\SDGNDFK
•
ZVLHFLDFKNDEORZ\FKLNDEORZRQDSRZLHWU]Q\FK
R]QDF]QHMSU]HZDG]HOLQLLNDEORZ\FKMHsHOL
SRMHPQRrFLRZ\SUlGGR]LHPLHQLDSU]HNUDF]D$
•
ZVLHFLDFKQDSRZLHWU]Q\FKLQDSRZLHWU]QR
NDEORZ\FKMHsHOLSRMHPQRrFLRZ\SUlGGR]LHPLHQLD
SU]HNUDF]DQDVWnSXMlFHZDUWRrFL
1DSLnFLH
]QDPLRQRZH
VLHFLN9
3RMHPQRrFLRZ\
SUlG]ZDUFLD
]]LHPLl$
3RQLHZDs ]GHF\GRZDQD ZLnNV]Rrm WUDQVIRUPDWRUqZ
PDX]ZRMHQLHrUHGQLHJRQDSLnFLDVNRMDU]RQHZWUqMNlW
WR GRolF]HQLH GoDZLND JDV]lFHJR Z\PDJD ]DVWRVR
ZDQLD WUDQVIRUPDWRUD X]LHPLDMlFHJR GR Z\WZRU]HQLD
V]WXF]QHJR SXQNWX JZLD]GRZHJR 7UDQVIRUPDWRU
X]LHPLDMlF\ SHoQL MHGQRF]HrQLH UROn WUDQVIRUPDWRUD
SRWU]HEZoDVQ\FKVWDFMLN9617\SRZ\GODZDUX
QNqZ NUDMRZ\FK XNoDG VLHFL ] GoDZLNLHP JDV]lF\P
SU]HGVWDZLDU\VXQHN
N9
61
<G
78
'
=\
,
/
,
/
,
&
,
=
/
/
/
5\V .RPSHQVDFMD SUlGX ]LHPQR]ZDUFLRZHJR
ZVLHFLrUHGQLHJRQDSLnFLD
78 WUDQVIRUPDWRU X]LHPLDMlF\ SRWU]HE ZoDVQ\FK '
GoDZLNJDV]lF\,
&
SUlGSo\QlF\SU]H]SRMHPQRrmOLQLL,
/
SUlGSo\QlF\SU]H]GoDZLNJDV]lF\,
=
SUlGZPLHMVFX
]ZDUFLD
3UlGZPLHMVFX]ZDUFLD,
=
MHVWUqsQLFlSUlGqZ
,
,
,
=
&
/
=
−
3UlG ,
&
So\QlF\ SU]H] SRMHPQRrm OLQLL MHVW RNUHrORQ\
]DOHsQRrFLl
,
8
&
&
Q
=
ω
QDWRPLDVWSUlG,
/
So\QlF\SU]H]GoDZLNJDV]lF\
( )
,
8
=
/
/
Q
78 '
=
+
M
ω
JG]LH 8
Q
QDSLnFLH ]QDPLRQRZH VLHFL &
SRMH
PQRrmVLHFLGODVNoDGRZHM]HURZHM=
78
LPSHGDQ
FMD WUDQVIRUPDWRUD X]LHPLDMlFHJR GOD VNoDGRZHM
]HURZHM/
'
LQGXNF\MQRrmGoDZLND
VWU:11
0LDUlNRPSHQVDFMLMHVWUR]VWURMHQLHVLHFL6RNUHrORQH
Z]RUHP
6
,
,
,
/
&
&
=
−
⋅
=H Z]JOnGX QD PRsOLZRrm SRZVWDQLD SU]HSLnm
UH]RQDQVRZ\FK SU]HSLV\ ]DOHFDMl DE\ UR]VWURMHQLH
XWU]\P\ZDm Z SU]HG]LDOH RG GR
]Z\MlWNLHPNUqWNRWUZDo\FKVWDQqZ ]DNoqFHQLRZ\FK
: VLHFLDFK R GXsHM DV\PHWULL SRMHPQRrFLRZHM ID]
]DOHFD VLn XWU]\P\ZDQLH UR]VWURMHQLD RG GR
3RQDGWR ]DOHFD VLn WDNsH VWRVRZDQLH DXWR
PDW\NL VDPRF]\QQHM UHJXODFML UR]VWURMHQLD L VWRVRZD
QLH XU]lG]HQLD NRPSHQVDF\MQHJR ] So\QQl UHJXODFMl
SUlGXUR]VWURMHQLD
'oDZLNL JDV]lFH U\VXQHN Z\NRQ\ZDQH Vl MDNR
MHGQRID]RZH ] L]RODFMl SDSLHURZRROHMRZl .ROXPQD
GoDZLNDXPLHV]F]RQDMHVWZNDG]LZ\SHoQLRQHMROHMHP
'oDZLN Z\SRVDsD VLn Z NRQVHUZDWRU ROHMX ]H
ZVNDtQLNLHP SR]LRPX RUD] ]DEH]SLHF]HQLH JD]RZR
SRGPXFKRZH &HZND GoDZLND PD SLnm ]DF]HSqZ
XPRsOLZLDMlF\FK UHJXODFMn LQGXNF\MQRrFL Z VWDQLH
EH]QDSLnFLRZ\P 'oDZLN Z\SRVDsRQ\ MHVW UqZQLHs
Z GRGDWNRZH X]ZRMHQLH GR ]DVLODQLD SU]\U]lGqZ
SRPLDURZ\FKL]DEH]SLHF]HQLRZ\FK
5\V 'oDZLN JDV]lF\ R PRF\ NYDU
LQDSLnFLXN9
NRQVHUZDWRU ZVNDtQLN SR]LRPX ROHMX
SU]HNDtQLN JD]RZRSRGPXFKRZ\ ]DFLVNL FHZNL
]DFLVNLX]ZRMHQLDGRGDWNRZHJR
'oDZLNLNRPSHQVDF\MQH
'oDZLNLNRPSHQVDF\MQHVWRVRZDQHVlGRNRPSHQVDFML
PRF\ oDGRZDQLD QLHREFLlsRQ\FK OLQLL SU]HV\oRZ\FK
Z\VRNLFKLQDMZ\sV]\FKQDSLnm:OLQLDFKW\FKZVNX
WHN RGG]LDo\ZDQLD SRMHPQRrFL QDSLnFLH QD NRpFX OLQLL
MHVWZ\sV]HQLsQDMHMSRF]lWNXW]Z]MDZLVNR)HUUDQ
WLHJRFRMHVWtUqGoHPSU]HSLnm
'oDZLNL NRPSHQVDF\MQH LQVWDOXMH VLn Z VWDFMDFK
HOHNWURHQHUJHW\F]Q\FK
•
QDQDSLnFLXNRPSHQVRZDQHMOLQLL
•
SU]\olF]DMlFGoDZLNLGRWU]HFLHJRX]ZRMHQLD
rUHGQLHJRQDSLnFLDWUDQVIRUPDWRUqZVSRVqEWHQ
MHVWU]DGNRSUDNW\NRZDQ\
: 3ROVFH SU]\ REHFQ\P REFLlsHQLX V\VWHPX LQVWD
ODFMDGoDZLNqZNRPSHQVDF\MQ\FKVWDoDVLnNRQLHF]QD
LSODQRZDQHMHVWSU]\olF]HQLHNLONXGoDZLNqZGRVLHFL
N9$NWXDOQLHW\ONRZVWDFML5=(6=h:]DLQVWDOR
ZDQH Vl Z UR]G]LHOQL N9 GZLH JUXS\ GoDZLNqZ
]oRsRQH ] MHGQRVWHN MHGQRID]RZ\FK U\VXQHN
.DsGDJUXSDPDPRF0YDU
5\V 'oDZLN NRPSHQVDF\MQ\ MHGQRID]RZ\
0YDUN9ZUR]G]LHOQLN9VWDFML5=(6=h:
VWU:11
'oDZLNL]DSRURZH7(1
7HOHIRQLD HQHUJHW\F]QD QRrQD 7(1 MHVW VWRVRZDQD
Z V\VWHPLH HOHNWURHQHUJHW\F]Q\P GR FHOqZ WHOHNR
PXQLNDFML L WHOHPHFKDQLNL 'R QLHGDZQD VWDQRZLoD
SRGVWDZRZlVLHmolF]QRrFLGODSURZDG]HQLDUXFKX
: 7(1 Z\NRU]\VWXMH VLn SU]HZRG\ URERF]H OLQLL
QDSRZLHWU]Q\FKN9LZ\sV]\FKQDSLnm
•
ZOLQLDFKN9VWRVRZDQHMHVW]D]Z\F]DM
VSU]nsHQLHMHGQRSU]HZRGRZH
•
ZOLQLDFKN9LN9MHVWVWRVRZDQH
VSU]nsHQLHGZXSU]HZRGRZHU\VXQHN
flF]D 7(1 SUDFXMl QD F]nVWRWOLZRrFL
…
N+]
L
…
N+] PLHV]F]lF ]DUqZQR NDQDo
UR]PqZQ\ MDN L WHOHJUDILL QRrQHM )0 : REZRG]LH
Z\VRNLHJRQDSLnFLDolF]D7(1U\VXQHN]QDMGXMl
VLn
•
GoDZLN]DSRURZ\RLQGXNF\MQRrFLRGGR
P+]DP\NDMlF\GURJnGODSUlGqZZF]
•
NRQGHQVDWRUVSU]nJDMlF\LILOWUOLQLRZ\NWqUH
SURZDG]lV\JQDoZF]GRXU]lG]HQLDQDGDZF]R
RGELRUF]HJR
≈
≈
/LQLDN9
6WDFMD$ 6WDFMD%
GoDZLN
]DSRURZ\
NRQGHQVDWRUVSU]nJDMlF\
ILOWUOLQLRZ\JqUQRSU]HSXVWRZ\
NDEHOZF]
XU]lG]HQLHQDGDZF]R
RGELRUF]H
NDQDoUR]PqZQ\
NDQDoWHOHJUDILL
V\JQDo\WHOHPHFKDQLNL
5\V 6FKHPDW olF]D 7(1 Z UHODFML $% VSU]n
sHQLHGZXSU]HZRGRZH
'oDZLN]DSRURZ\MHVWDSDUDWHPGRrmFLnsNLPRPDVLH
RG NLONXVHW NLORJUDPqZ GR SU]HV]oR WRQ\ L GXs\P
rUHGQLFDQDZHWSRQDGPSU]\Z\VRNRrFLGRP
:HZQlWU] GoDZLND PLHV]F]l VLn XU]lG]HQLD GR MHJR
VWURMHQLD
6lVWRVRZDQHGZDVSRVRE\LQVWDORZDQLDGoDZLNqZ
•
]DZLHV]HQLHQDEUDPFHOLQLRZHMVWRVRZDQH
Z3ROVFHMDNR]DVDGD]ZLnNV]DWRZ\PLDU\
EUDPNLLXWUXGQLRQ\MHVWGRQLHJRGRVWnS
•
XVWDZLHQLHZSU]\SDGNXPDo\FKGoDZLNqZZSURVW
QDNRQGHQVDWRUDFKVSU]nJDMlF\FKZSU]\SDGNX
GXs\FKGoDZLNqZQDL]RODWRUDFKZVSRUF]\FK
1D U\VXQNX L SRND]DQH Vl GoDZLNL ]DSRURZH
7(1 QD EUDPNDFK OLQLRZ\FK Z UR]G]LHOQL N9
LN9
5\V 'oDZLNL ]DSRURZH 7(1 QD EUDPFH OLQLL
ZUR]G]LHOQLN9
5\V 'oDZLNL ]DSRURZH 7(1 QD EUDPFH OLQLL
ZUR]G]LHOQLN9
VWU:11
3RGVWDZRZHSRMnFLD
GRW\F]lFHVWDFML
HOHNWURHQHUJHW\F]Q\FK
67$&-$(/(.752(1(5*(7<&=1$
-HVWWR]HVSqoXU]lG]Hp
•
VoXslF\FKGRUR]G]LHODQLDDOERSU]HWZDU]DQLD
LUR]G]LHODQLDHQHUJLLHOHNWU\F]QHM
•
]QDMGXMlF\FKVLnZHZVSqOQ\PZ\G]LHORQ\P
SRPLHV]F]HQLXOXEQDRJURG]RQ\PWHUHQLHDOER
XPLHV]F]RQ\FKQDNRQVWUXNFMLZVSRUF]HM
52='=,(/1,$(/(.752(1(5*(7<&=1$
-HVWWR]HVSqoXU]lG]Hp
•
VoXslF\FKGRUR]G]LHOHQLDHQHUJLLHOHNWU\F]QHM
LXPRsOLZLDMlF\FKGRNRQ\ZDQLHF]\QQRrFL
olF]HQLRZ\FKSU]\VWRVRZDQ\GRMHGQHJRQDSLnFLD
]QDPLRQRZHJR
•
]QDMGXMlF\FKVLnZZ\G]LHORQ\PSRPLHV]F]HQLX
]HVSROHSRPLHV]F]HpOXEQDZ\G]LHORQ\PWHUHQLH
52='=,(/1,&$(/(.752(1(5*(7<&=1$
-HVWWR]HVSqoXU]lG]Hp
•
VNoDGDMlF\VLn]DSDUDWXU\UR]G]LHOF]HM
]DEH]SLHF]HQLRZHMSRPLDURZHMVWHURZQLF]HM
LV\JQDOL]DF\MQHMZUD]]V]\QDPL]ELRUF]\PL
LHOHPHQWDPLL]RODF\MQ\PLSU]H]QDF]RQ\GR
UR]G]LDoXQDSLnFLDSU]\MHGQ\PQDSLnFLX
]QDPLRQRZ\P
•
ZNWqU\PLQWHJUDOQlF]nrFLlMHVWNRQVWUXNFMD
PHFKDQLF]QDLRVoRQRZD
32/(52='=,(/1,52='=,(/1,&<
-HVWWRF]nrmUR]G]LHOQLUR]G]LHOQLF\]ZLl]DQD]Z\
NRQ\ZDQLHPRNUHrORQHMIXQNFMLQS
•
SROHGRSo\ZRZH]DVLODMlFHNWqUHPRJlE\m
SRODPLOLQLRZ\PLGRNWqUHJRHQHUJLDMHVW
GRVWDUF]DQD]OLQLLQDSRZLHWU]QHMElGtNDEORZHM
SRODPLWUDQVIRUPDWRUDPLHQHUJLDMHVW
GRSURZDG]DQD]WUDQVIRUPDWRUD
SRODPLJHQHUDWRURZ\PLHQHUJLDMHVW
GRSURZDG]DQD]JHQHUDWRUqZ
•
SROHRGSo\ZRZHRGELRUF]HNWqUHPRJlE\m
SRODPLOLQLRZ\PL]NWqUHJRHQHUJLDMHVW
GRVWDUF]DQDGROLQLLQDSRZLHWU]QHMElGt
NDEORZHM
SRODPLWUDQVIRUPDWRUDPLHQHUJLDMHVW
GRSURZDG]DQDGRWUDQVIRUPDWRUD
SRODPLVLOQLNRZ\PLHQHUJLDMHVW
GRSURZDG]DQDGRJHQHUDWRUqZVLOQLND
LQQ\PLSRODPLZ]DOHsQRrFLRGRGELRUX
•
SROHSRPLDURZHNWqUHJUXSXMHXU]lG]HQLD
SRPLDURZH
•
SROHVSU]nJoRZHVSU]nJDMlFHNWqUHJUXSXMH
DSDUDW\olF]QLNqZVHNF\MQ\FKLV\VWHPRZ\FKV]\Q
]ELRUF]\FK
•
SROHSRWU]HEZoDVQ\FK]NWqUHJR]DVLODQDMHVW
UR]G]LHOQLDSRWU]HEZoDVQ\FKQSVWDFML
1DMV]HUV]\PSRMnFLHPMHVWZLnFSRMnFLHVWDFML6WDFMD
QDRJqoVNoDGDVLn]GZqFKDF]DVDPLWU]HFKU]DGNR
F]WHUHFK L ZLnFHM UR]G]LHOQL SU]\ F]\P SRZLl]DQLD
SRPLnG]\UR]G]LHOQLDPLVWDQRZLlJoqZQLHWUDQVIRUPD
WRU\DF]NROZLHNPRJlWRE\mLQQHXU]lG]HQLDMDNQS
SURVWRZQLNLLIDORZQLNL
=NROHLSU]H]SRMnFLDUR]G]LHOQLFDUR]XPLHVLnQDRJqo
JRWRZ\ Z\UqE ]DZLHUDMlF\ NRPSOHWQ\ ]HVWDZ DSDUD
WXU\LZ\SRVDsRQ\ZNRQVWUXNFMHRVoRQRZH
35=<.f$'<
'XsD QDSRZLHWU]QD VWDFMD HOHNWURHQHUJHW\F]QD
N9VNoDGDVLn]WU]HFKUR]G]LHOQL
•
F]WHURSRORZHMUR]G]LHOQLN9]GZRPDSRODPL
OLQLRZ\PLMHGQ\PSROHPDXWRWUDQVIRUPDWRUD
N9LMHGQ\PSROHPWUDQVIRUPDWRUD
N9
•
VLHGPLRSRORZHMUR]G]LHOQLN9]F]WHUHPD
SRODPLOLQLLN9MHGQ\PSROHPDXWRWUDQVIRU
PDWRUDN9MHGQ\PSROHPDXWRWUDQVIRU
PDWRUDN9LMHGQ\PSROHPVSU]nJoRZ\P
olF]QLNDSRGoXsQRSRSU]HF]QHJR
•
F]WHUQDVWRSRORZHMUR]G]LHOQLN9]RrPLRPD
SRODPLOLQLRZ\PLMHGQ\PSROHPWUDQVIRUPDWRUD
N9MHGQ\PSROHPDXWRWUDQVIRUPDWRUD
N9MHGQ\PSROHPVSU]nJoRZ\PolF]QLND
SRGoXsQRSRSU]HF]QHJRLWU]HPDSRODPL
UH]HUZRZ\PL]ZLl]DQ\PL]SU]\V]olUR]EXGRZl
UR]G]LHOQLN9
•
SRZLl]DQLDSRPLnG]\UR]G]LHOQLDPLVWDQRZLl
DXWRWUDQVIRUPDWRU\N9LN9RUD]
WUDQVIRUPDWRUN9
•
ZV]\VWNLHUR]G]LHOQLH]QDMGXMlVLnQD
Z\RGUnEQLRQ\PLRJURG]RQ\PWHUHQLH
VWU:11
*oqZQ\ SXQNW ]DVLODMlF\ *3= N9 VNoDGD
VLn]
•
]QDSRZLHWU]QHMUR]G]LHOQLN9]DVLODQHMGZRPD
OLQLDPLQDSRZLHWU]Q\PLN9
•
]ZQnWU]RZHMUR]G]LHOQLN9ZNWqUHM
]DLQVWDORZDQRZZ\RGUnEQLRQ\PSRPLHV]F]HQLX
QRZRF]HVQHUR]G]LHOQLFHRL]RODFMLSRZLHWU]QHM
SURGXNFMLUHQRPRZDQHMILUP\
•
SRZLl]DQLHSRPLnG]\UR]G]LHOQLDPLVWDQRZLlGZD
WUDQVIRUPDWRU\RPRF\09$NDsG\
XVWDZLRQHQDVWDQRZLVNDFKQDSRZLHWU]Q\FK
=SRZRGXNRQLHF]QRrFLZSURZDG]HQLDOLQLLN9
GR FHQWUXP PLDVWD SRZVWDo SURMHNW EXG\QNX *3=
N9
•
ZSRPLHV]F]HQLXUR]G]LHOQLN9XV\WXRZDQD
]RVWDQLHQRZRF]HVQD]DPNQLnWDUR]G]LHOQLFD
L]RORZDQD6)
SU]\SRPLQDMlFDUDF]HMNRWoRZQLn
NWqUDEnG]LH]DVLODQDGZRPDOLQLDPLNDEORZ\PL
N9
•
ZSRPLHV]F]HQLXUR]G]LHOQLN9]RVWDQLH
]DLQVWDORZDQDUR]G]LHOQLFDRL]RODFMLSRZLHWU]QHM
•
GZDWUDQVIRUPDWRU\N909$]RVWDQl
XV\WXRZDQHZNRPRUDFKWUDQVIRUPDWRURZ\FK
*oqZQD VWDFMD WUDQVIRUPDWRURZD QLHZLHONLHJR
]DNoDGX SU]HP\VoRZHJR XPLHV]F]RQD Z Z\RGUn
EQLRQ\FK SRPLHV]F]HQLDFK KDOL SURGXNF\MQHM VNoDGD
VLn]
•
UR]G]LHOQLN9ZNWqUHMSRPLHV]F]HQLX]QDMGXMH
VLnUR]G]LHOQLFDRL]RODFMLSRZLHWU]QHM]DVLODQD
GZRPDOLQLDPLNDEORZ\PL]VLHFLHQHUJHW\NL
]DZRGRZHM
•
UR]G]LHOQLN9ZNWqUHMSRPLHV]F]HQLX]QDMGXMH
VLnUR]G]LHOQLFD]SqONWqUHM]DVLODQHVlUR]G]LHOQLH
RGG]LDoRZHZSRPLHV]F]HQLXW\PXV\WXRZDQHVl
UqZQLHsEDWHULHNRQGHQVDWRUqZ
•
SRZLl]DQLHSRPLnG]\UR]G]LHOQLFDPLVWDQRZLlGZD
WUDQVIRUPDWRU\N9N9$XV\WXRZDQH
ZNRPRUDFKWUDQVIRUPDWRUqZ
.ODV\ILNDFMDVWDFML
HOHNWURHQHUJHW\F]Q\FK
=HZ]JOnGXQDZDUWRrmJqUQHJRQDSLnFLDVWDFMLUR]Uq
sQLDVLnVWDFMH
•
QLVNLFKQDSLnmQQ8
Q
≤
N9
•
rUHGQLFKQDSLnm61N98
Q
≤
N9
•
Z\VRNLFKQDSLnm:1N98
Q
N9
•
QDMZ\sV]\FKQDSLnm118
Q
≥
N9
=HZ]JOnGXQDIXQNFMnSHoQLRQlZVLHFLUR]UqsQLDVLn
VWDFMH
•
UR]G]LHOF]HUR]G]LHOQLHZ\VWnSXMlFHVDPRG]LHOQLH
•
WUDQVIRUPDWRURZRUR]G]LHOF]H
•
LQQHSU]HWZRUQLNRZHQSSURVWRZQLNRZH
=HZ]JOnGXQDPLHMVFHSUDF\ZV\VWHPLHHOHNWURHQHU
JHW\F]Q\PUR]UqsQLDVLnVWDFMH
•
HOHNWURZQLDQHNWqUHVWDQRZLlZVLHFLZn]o\
Z\WZqUF]H
•
VLHFLRZHZVLHFLDFKSU]HV\oRZ\FKGRV\oRZ\FK
LUR]G]LHOF]\FKUHMRQRZ\FK
•
SU]HP\VoRZH
•
PLHMVNLH
•
ZLHMVNLH
=HZ]JOnGXQDVSRVqE]DVLODQLDUR]UqsQLDVLnVWDFMH
•
]DVLODQHNRpFRZR
•
]DVLODQHZLHORPDOLQLDPLR]PLHQQ\PNLHUXQNX
SU]HSo\ZXHQHUJLL
=H Z]JOnGX QD PLHMVFH ]DLQVWDORZDQLD XU]lG]Hp UR]
G]LHOF]\FKUR]UqsQLDVLnVWDFMH
•
QDSRZLHWU]QHXU]lG]HQLDUR]G]LHOF]HVl
LQVWDORZDQHEH]EXG\QNX
•
ZQnWU]RZHXU]lG]HQLDUR]G]LHOF]HVlLQVWDORZDQH
ZEXG\QNXVSHFMDOQLHGRWHJRFHOXSU]H]QDF]RQ\P
OXEZF]nrFLEXG\QNXRLQQ\PSU]H]QDF]HQLX
VWDFMHWHPRJlE\mQD]LHPQHSRG]LHPQHOXE
SqoSRG]LHPQH
=HZ]JOnGXQDREHFQRrmREVoXJLUR]UqsQLDVLnVWDFMH
•
]HVWDolWUqM]PLDQRZlREVoXJl
•
]MHGQROXEGZX]PLDQRZlREVoXJl
•
EH]VWDoHMREVoXJLREVoXJLZDQDSU]H]SUDFRZQLND
SHoQLlFHJRG\sXUGRPRZ\SU]H]EU\JDG\
SRJRWRZLDHQHUJHW\F]QHJROXEREVoXJLZDQD
]GDOQLH]G\VSR]\FMLPRF\UXFKXSU]\Xs\FLX
rURGNqZWHOHPHFKDQLNLZW\PRVWDWQLPSU]\SDGNX
REHFQHrURGNLWHOHPHFKDQLNLSR]ZDODMlQD
EH]REVoXJRZHSURZDG]HQLHUXFKXQDZHWGRrm
GXs\FKVWDFML
3RODUR]G]LHOQLLLFK
Z\SRVDsHQLH
: ]DOHsQRrFL RG SU]H]QDF]HQLD URG]DMX ]DVWRVRZD
Q\FK DSDUDWqZ UR]UqsQLD VLn ZLHOH FKDUDNWHU\VW\
F]Q\FKSqOUR]G]LHOQL:\EUDQHSU]\NoDG\SU]HGVWDZLD
U\VXQHN
VWU:11
5\V3U]HNoDGRZHXNoDG\SqO
UR]G]LHOQL
•
SRODOLQLRZHDEFGK
•
SRODWUDQVIRUPDWRURZHHIJ
•
SRODUR]G]LHOQLFRVoRQLnW\FK
GZXF]oRQRZ\FKLMNOP
:SRODFKOLQLRZ\FKU\VXQHNDEFGK
•
LQVWDORZDQHVl]UHJXo\Z\olF]QLNL
•
ZUR]G]LHOQLDFKQQL61SU]\QLHZLHONLFK
SU]HV\oDQ\FKPRFDFKF]nVWRLQVWDOXMHVLn
RGolF]QLNLU\VXQHNDOXEUR]olF]QLNLU\VXQHN
ED]DEH]SLHF]HQLH]ZDUFLRZHVWDQRZLl
EH]SLHF]QLNL
•
VSRUDG\F]QLHUqZQLHsZQLHNWqU\FKUR]G]LHOQLDFK
N9LQVWDORZDQHVlW\ONRRGolF]QLNL
•
LQVWDORZDQHVl]DZV]HRGolF]QLNLRGVWURQ\V]\Q
]ELRUF]\FKSU]HGZ\olF]QLNLHPW]ZRGolF]QLNL
V]\QRZHU\VXQHNDEFGK
•
ZSRODFKZNWqU\FKMHVWPRsOLZHSRMDZLHQLHVLn
QDSLnm]REXVWURQZ\olF]QLNDRGolF]QLNMHVW
LQVWDORZDQ\UqZQLHs]DZ\olF]QLNLHPW]Z
RGolF]QLNOLQLRZ\U\VXQHNFGK
:SRODFKWUDQVIRUPDWRURZ\FKU\VXQHNHIJ
•
LQVWDORZDQHVl]UHJXo\Z\olF]QLNL
•
SU]\QLHGXs\FKPRFDFKWUDQVIRUPDWRUqZ]DPLDVW
Z\olF]QLNqZF]nVWRLQVWDOXMHVLnUR]olF]QLNL]
EH]SLHF]QLNDPL
•
]DPLDVWZ\olF]QLNqZQLHNLHG\LQVWDOXMHVLnSR
VWURQLHJqUQHJRQDSLnFLDW\ONRRGolF]QLNL
ZqZF]DVSUlG\REFLlsHQLRZHVl]DolF]DQH
LZ\olF]DQHZ\olF]QLNLHPSRVWURQLHGROQHJR
QDSLnFLDRGolF]QLNPXVLPLHmZqZF]DV]GROQRrm
Z\olF]DQLDELHJXMDoRZHJRWUDQVIRUPDWRUD
•
SRGREQLHMDNZSRODFKOLQLRZ\FKSRPLnG]\V]\QDPL
LZ\olF]QLNLHPLQVWDOXMHVLnRGolF]QLNL
•
RGolF]QLNSRPLnG]\Z\olF]QLNLHPDWUDQVIRUPD
WRUHPMHVWQLH]EnGQ\W\ONRZSU]\SDGNXWUDQVIRU
PDWRUqZWUqMX]ZRMHQLRZ\FKU\VXQHNI
: SRODFK UR]G]LHOQLF RVoRQLnW\FK GZXF]oRQRZ\FK
NWqUH Vl VWRVRZDQH Z ]DNUHVLH QLVNLFK L rUHGQLFK
QDSLnmU\VXQHNLMNMP
•
Z\olF]QLNMHVWLQVWDORZDQ\QDVSHFMDOQ\PF]oRQLH
UXFKRP\PZq]NX3U]\Z\VXQLnW\PZq]NX
WZRU]lVLnEH]SLHF]QHLZLGRF]QHSU]HUZ\
L]RODF\MQHFRHOLPLQXMHNRQLHF]QRrmVWRVRZDQLD
RGolF]QLNqZ
•
NRQVWUXNFMH]SRGZqMQ\PV\VWHPHPV]\Q
]ELRUF]\FKU\VXQHNNOVl]HZ]JOnGXQD
]oRsRQRrmVSRW\NDQHVSRUDG\F]QLH
VWU:11
3U]HNoDGQLNL
•
ZSRV]F]HJqOQ\FKSU]\SDGNDFKLQVWDOXMHVLn
OXEZLnFHMSU]HNoDGQLNLSUlGRZHolF]RQH
V]HUHJRZROXEMHGHQSU]HNoDGQLNZLHORUG]HQLRZ\
GRFHOqZSRPLDURZ\FKL]DEH]SLHF]HQLRZ\FK
•
SU]HNoDGQLNLQDSLnFLRZH61GRolF]DVLnGRV]\Q
]DSRPRFlRGolF]QLNqZLEH]SLHF]QLNqZ
FKURQLlF\FKV]\Q\SU]HG]ZDUFLHPZVDP\FK
SU]HNoDGQLNDFK
•
SU]HNoDGQLNLQDSLnFLRZHLQVWDOXMHVLnQDRJqoSU]\
SU]HNoDGQLNDFKSUlGRZ\FKFKRFLDsZSU]\SDGNX
SU]HNoDGQLNqZSRMHPQRrFLRZ\FKLQVWDOXMHVLnMHQD
ZHMrFLXOLQLLZFHOXZ\NRU]\VWDQLDLFK
NRQGHQVDWRUqZZXNoDG]LH7(1U\VXQHNK
2JUDQLF]QLNLSU]HSLnm
•
LQVWDOXMHVLnEH]SRrUHGQLRQDZHMrFLXOLQLL
QDSRZLHWU]Q\FKGRVWDFML
•
SU]HGWUDQVIRUPDWRUDPL]MHGQHMOXEREXVWURQ
WUDQVIRUPDWRUD
8]LHPQLNL
•
QDOHs\LQVWDORZDmZWDNLFKPLHMVFDFKLZWDNLHM
LORrFLDE\PqFEH]SLHF]QLHGRNRQ\ZDmSUDF
NRQVHUZDF\MQ\FKLUHPRQWqZZUR]G]LHOQL
•
ZUR]G]LHOQLDFKN9QDOHs\VWRVRZDmWDNl
OLF]EnX]LHPQLNqZDE\Z\HOLPLQRZDmVWRVRZDQLH
X]LHPLDF]\SU]HQRrQ\FK
•
]DPLDVWSRMHG\QF]\FKDSDUDWqZSRslGDQHMHVW
LQVWDORZDQLHRGolF]QLNqZZ\SRVDsRQ\FKZQRsH
X]LHPLDMlFH
8NoDG\SRolF]HpUR]G]LHOQL
5R]UqsQLDP\QDVWnSXMlFHXNoDG\SRolF]HpUR]G]LHOQL
•
XNoDG\]V]\QDPL]ELRUF]\PL
>
SRMHG\QF]\V\VWHPV]\Q]ELRUF]\FK
>
SRGZqMQ\V\VWHPV]\Q]ELRUF]\FK
>
SRWUqMQ\V\VWHPV]\Q]ELRUF]\FK
•
XNoDG\EH]V]\QRZH
>
XNoDG\EORNRZH
>
PRVWNRZH
>
ZLHORERNRZH
:\EqU XNoDGX UR]G]LHOQL SRZLQLHQ E\m UR]ZLl]DQLHP
RSW\PDOQ\P DQDOL]\ WHFKQLF]QRHNRQRPLF]QHM NWqUHM
SU]HGPLRWHPVl
•
Z\PDJDQ\SR]LRPQLH]DZRGQRrFL
•
NRV]W\LQZHVW\F\MQH
•
NRV]W\HNVSORDWDF\MQHUR]G]LHOQLHR]oRsRQHM
VWUXNWXU]HPDMlZLnNV]HNRV]W\
8NoDG\]V]\QDPL]ELRUF]\PL
6]\Q\]ELRUF]HUR]G]LHOQL
•
VlJoqZQ\PHOHPHQWHPUR]G]LHOQLNWqU\ZLlsH
ZZn]HoVLHFLRZ\SU]\olF]RQHGRUR]G]LHOQLOLQLH
LWUDQVIRUPDWRU\
•
V]\Q\]ELRUF]HUR]G]LHOQLZQnWU]RZ\FKDZLnF
SU]HGHZV]\VWNLPUR]G]LHOQLQ1L61Z\NRQ\ZDQH
VlSU]HZRGDPLV]W\ZQ\PLV]\QDPL
•
V]\Q\]ELRUF]HUR]G]LHOQLQDSRZLHWU]Q\FKDZLnF
SU]HGHZV]\VWNLP:1L11Z\NRQ\ZDQHVl
SU]HZRGDPLJLnWNLPLOLQNDPLRUD]SU]HZRGDPL
V]W\ZQ\PLFRMHVWFRUD]F]nrFLHMVSRW\NDQH
ZUR]G]LHOQLDFK11
: UR]G]LHOQLDFK :1 L 11 URG]DM ]DVWRVRZDQHJR
RV]\QRZDQLDLW\SXRGolF]QLNDZ]DVDGQLF]\VSRVqE
NV]WDoWXMlUR]ZLl]DQLHNRQVWUXNF\MQHW\FKUR]G]LHOQL
32-('<1&=<6<67(06=<1=%,25&=<&+
6\VWHPWHQMHVWVWRVRZDQ\ZUR]G]LHOQLFDFKQQLUR]
G]LHOQLDFKRQDSLnFLXN9
1DMSURVWV]\P XNoDGHP MHVW V\VWHP QLHVHNFMRQRZDQ\
U\VXQHNNWqU\
•
MHVWVWRVRZDQ\SU]\]DVLODQLXUR]G]LHOQL]MHGQHJR
tUqGoD
•
FKDUDNWHU\]XMHVLnQDMQLsV]\PLNRV]WDPL
LQZHVW\F\MQ\PLLHNVSORDWDF\MQ\PLRUD]GXsl
SU]HMU]\VWRrFLlZ\JRGDZHNVSORDWDFML
•
MHVWQDMEDUG]LHM]DZRGQ\ERZLHPSU]HUZD
Z]DVLODQLXOXEDZDULDV]\QSR]EDZLD]DVLODQLD
ZV]\VWNLFKRGELRUFqZ
•
VWRVRZDQ\MHVWGR]DVLODQLDRGELRUFqZRQLH]E\W
ZLHONLFKZ\PDJDQLDFKGRW\F]lF\FKSHZQRrFL
GRVWDZ\HQHUJLLOXESRVLDGDMlF\FKLQQHUH]HUZRZH
tUqGoR]DVLODQLD
5\V 3RMHG\QF]\ QLHVHNFMRQRZDQ\ V\VWHP V]\Q
]ELRUF]\FK
VWU:11
%DUG]LHM ]oRsRQ\P XNoDGHP MHVW V\VWHP V]\Q
VHNFMRQRZDQ\ U\V NWqU\ MHVW VWRVRZDQ\ SU]\
]DVLODQLX UR]G]LHOQL ] GZqFK OXE ZLnFHM QLH]DOHsQ\FK
tUqGHo ZqZF]DV NDsGH tUqGoR ]DVLOD RGG]LHOQl
VHNFMn:XNoDG]LHVHNFMRQRZDQ\P
•
SRG]LDoXQDVHNFMHGRNRQXMHVLnSU]H]
]DLQVWDORZDQLHZFLlJXV]\QRZ\PRGolF]QLND
GZqFKRGolF]QLNqZOXEZ\olF]QLND]RGolF]QLNDPL
]ZDQ\FKVSU]nJoHPSRGoXsQ\PVHNF\MQ\P
•
LVWQLHMHPRsOLZRrmZ\olF]HQLDXV]NRG]RQHMVHNFML
L]DVLODQLDZ\G]LHORQ\FKRGELRUqZZVSRVqE
NU]\sRZ\]LQQHMVHNFMLMHGQDNZ\PDJDWR
RGSRZLHGQLHMUH]HUZ\PRF\WHMVHNFMLQLH]DZR
GQRrmWHJRXNoDGXMHVWZLnFZLnNV]DQLsXNoDGX
QLHVHNFMRQRZDQHJR
•
SUDFDXNoDGX]RWZDUW\PVSU]nJoHP]PQLHMV]D
SR]LRPPRF\]ZDUFLRZHM
D
E
F
,D ,E
5\V 3RMHG\QF]\ V\VWHP V]\Q ]ELRUF]\FK VHNFMR
QRZDQ\ RGolF]QLNLHP D GZRPD RGolF]QLNDPL E
Z\olF]QLNLHPLRGolF]QLNDPLF
,DSLHUZV]DVHNFMDV]\Q,EGUXJDVHNFMDV]\Q
8NoDG SRMHG\QF]\ L SRMHG\QF]\ VHNFMRQRZDQ\ QLH
]DSHZQLDFLlJoRrFL]DVLODQLDZSU]\SDGNXSU]HJOlGqZ
NRQVHUZDF\MQ\FK Z\olF]QLNqZ 3UREOHP WHQ VWDMH VLn
W\PZDsQLHMV]\LPZ\sV]HMHVWQDSLnFLH]QDPLRQRZH
UR]G]LHOQLERZLHP
•
LPZ\sV]HMHVWQDSLnFLHW\PSU]HUZ\Z]DVLODQLX
PXV]lE\mQDRJqoNUqWV]H
•
LPZ\sV]HMHVWQDSLnFLHW\PSU]HJOlG\UHPRQW\
LQDSUDZ\Z\olF]QLNqZVlNUqWV]H
-HGQ\P ]H VSRVREqZ UR]ZLl]DQLD SRZ\sV]HJR SUR
EOHPX PRsH E\m ]DVWRVRZDQLH WDN MDN SU]HGVWDZLD
U\VXQHN GRGDWNRZHM V]\Q\ ]ZDQHM V]\Ql REHM
rFLRZl 62 6]\QD REHMrFLRZD MHVW ]DVLODQD ] V]\Q
]ELRUF]\FK SRSU]H] Z\olF]QLN REHMrFLRZ\ :2
: SU]\SDGNX NRQLHF]QRrFL ]DVWlSLHQLD GRZROQHJR
Z\olF]QLNDOLQLRZHJR:/QDOHs\
•
]DPNQlmZSU]\QDOHsQ\PGR:/SROXRGolF]QLN
REHMrFLRZ\62
•
]DPNQlmRGolF]QLNLSRREXVWURQDFKZ\olF]QLND
:2
•
]DPNQlmZ\olF]QLN:2
•
RWZRU]\mZ\olF]QLN:/L]QDMGXMlFHVLn]REXMHJR
VWURQRGolF]QLNL
•
GDQHSROHMHVWZLnF]DEH]SLHF]RQHSU]H]
Z\olF]QLNREHMrFLRZ\
:/
:2
,D ,E
62
22
5\V 3RMHG\QF]\ VHNFMRQRZDQ\ V\VWHP V]\Q
]ELRUF]\FK ] V]\Ql REHMrFLRZl OLQLl SU]HU\ZDQl
]D]QDF]RQR SU]HSo\Z SUlGX SU]\ ]DVLODQLX SU]H]
Z\olF]QLNREHMrFLRZ\
62 V]\QD REHMrFLRZD :/ Z\olF]QLN OLQLRZ\ :2
Z\olF]QLNREHMrFLRZ\22RGolF]QLNREHMrFLRZ\
5R]ZLl]DQLH WR DF]NROZLHN EDUG]R DWUDNF\MQH L Z
VSRVqE]QDF]Q\SRGQRV]lFHQLH]DZRGQRrmMHVWUR]
ZLl]DQLHP EDUG]R GURJLP = WHJR SRZRGX V]\QD
REHMrFLRZD MHVW VWRVRZDQD Z UR]G]LHOQLDFK N9
N9 L ZDsQ\FK UR]G]LHOQLDFK N9 F]nVWR
Z SRVWDFL V]F]lWNRZHM WM W\ONR GOD NLONX Z\EUDQ\FK
SqO
VWU:11
32':h-1<,3275h-1<6<67(06=<1
=%,25&=<&+
: UR]G]LHOQL R SRGZqMQ\P V\VWHPLH V]\Q ]ELRUF]\FK
U\VXQHN
•
QLH]DZRGQRrmMHVWEDUG]RGXsD
•
NDsGHSROHMHVWSRolF]RQH]RE\GZRPDV\VWHPDPL
SRSU]H]RGolF]QLNLGZDRGolF]QLNLV]\QRZH
LZ\olF]QLN
•
MHGHQ]V\VWHPqZMHVWSU]HZDsQLHV\VWHPHP
URERF]\PDGUXJLV\VWHPHPUH]HUZRZ\P
•
V\VWHP\PRJlE\mSRolF]RQH]HVREl]DSRPRFl
VSU]nJoDSRSU]HF]QHJRV\VWHPRZHNWqUH
XPRsOLZLD
>
SU]HQLHVLHQLHREFLlsHQLD]MHGQHJRV\VWHPX
V]\QQDGUXJLEH]SU]HUZ\Z]DVLODQLX
RGELRUFqZ
>
SRolF]HQLHRE\GZXV\VWHPqZGRSUDF\
UqZQROHJoHM
•
ZDGlWHJRXNoDGXMHVWGXs\NRV]WZLnNV]\RRN
RGXNoDGXSRMHG\QF]HJRLGXsDLORrm
PDQLSXODFMDPLRGolF]QLNDPLNWqUHPRJl
SURZDG]LmGRRP\oHN
•
ZSU]\SDGNXNRQLHF]QRrFLFLlJoRrFL]DVLODQLD
ZWUDNFLHUHPRQWqZLSU]HJOlGqZZ\olF]QLNqZ
XNoDGPRsHE\mZ]ERJDFRQ\RV]\QnREHMrFLRZl
NWqUD]QDF]QLHMHGQDNSRGUDsDNRV]WUR]G]LHOQL
:6
,
,,
5\V 5R]G]LHOQLD ] SRGZqMQ\P V\VWHPHP V]\Q
]ELRUF]\FK
:6 Z\olF]QLN V\VWHPRZ\ , SLHUZV]\ V\VWHP V]\Q
]ELRUF]\FK,,GUXJLV\VWHPV]\Q]ELRUF]\FK
: SU]\SDGNX VHNFMRQRZDQLD MHGQHJR V\VWHPX U\VX
QHN PRsOLZRrFL HNVSORDWDF\MQH XNoDGX SRZLn
NV]DMl VLn ]QDF]QLH 6\VWHP QLHVHNFMRQRZDQ\ MHVW
ZqZF]DVV\VWHPHPUH]HUZRZ\P
:6
,E
,,
:6.
,D
5\V 3RGZqMQ\ V\VWHP V]\Q ]ELRUF]\FK ] MHGQ\P
V\VWHPHPVHNFMRQRZDQ\P
:6Z\olF]QLNV\VWHPRZ\:6.Z\olF]QLNVHNF\MQ\
,QQH SU]\NoDGRZH UR]ZLl]DQLD VSU]nJLHo V\VWHPRZR
VHNF\MQ\FKSU]HGVWDZLDU\VXQHN
,E
,D
,,E
,,D
,E
,D
,,E
,,D
5\V5qsQHRGPLDQ\VSU]nJLHoSRSU]HF]RSRGoXs
Q\FKV\VWHPRZRVHNF\MQ\FK
,QQlRGPLDQlV\VWHPXSRGZqMQHJRMHVWXNoDG8V]\Q
]ELRUF]\FK U\VXQHN 0D RQ V]F]HJqOQLH
]DVWRVRZDQLH Z GXs\FK VWDFMDFK HOHNWURHQHUJHW\
F]Q\FK 8PRsOLZLD RQ Z\NRU]\VWDQLH MHGQHM SRG]LDoNL
SROD GOD GZqFK RGHMrm Z SU]HFLZQ\FK NLHUXQNDFK
SU]H]FRX]\VNXMHVLn]QDF]QH]PQLHMV]HQLHGoXJRrFL
UR]G]LHOQLSU]\QLHZLHONLP]PQLHMV]HQLXMHMV]HURNRrFL
:DGlWHJRUR]ZLl]DQLDMHVWXWUXGQLRQ\GRVWnSGRZH
ZQnWU]QHJRV\VWHPXSU]\SUDFXMlF\P]HZQnWU]Q\P
VWU:11
,D
,,
,E
5\V8NoDG8SRGZqMQHJRV\VWHPXV]\Q]ELRUF]\FK
'DOV]\P VSRVREHP ]ZLnNV]HQLD QLH]DZRGQRrFL MHVW
]DVWRVRZDQLH XNoDGX WUqMV\VWHPRZHJR V]\Q ]ELRU
F]\FK U\VXQHN 1DOHs\ ]D]QDF]\m sH UqsQLFD
QLH]DZRGQRrFL Z VWRVXQNX GR XNoDGX GZXV\VWHPR
ZHJRQLHMHVW]E\WZLHOND-HGQDNSU]\]DVWRVRZDQLX
UqsQ\FK VSU]nJLHo V\VWHPRZRVHNF\MQ\FK HODVW\
F]QRrm UXFKRZD WHJR XNoDGX MHVW GXsD 8NoDG MHVW
PDoR SU]HMU]\VW\ L ZVNXWHN EDUG]R GXsHM OLF]E\
RGolF]QLNqZ WUXGQ\ Z SURZDG]HQLX 2EHFQLH MHVW RQ
U]DGNRVWRVRZDQ\DF]NROZLHNPRsQDJRGRrmF]nVWR
VSRWNDm Z GXs\FK UR]G]LHOQLDFK HOHNWURZQLDQ\FK
LSU]HP\VoRZ\FK
,E
,D
,,,
,,
5\V )UDJPHQW VFKHPDWX UR]G]LHOQL ] SRWUqMQ\P
V\VWHPHPV]\Q]ELRUF]\FK
1DOHs\ UqZQLHs QDGPLHQLm Z VSHF\ILF]Q\FK V\WXD
FMDFK EDUG]R U]DGNR PRsQD VSRWNDm UR]G]LHOQLH
] ZLHORNURWQ\P ZLnFHM QLs WU]\ V\VWHPHP V]\Q
]ELRUF]\FK
,QQlNODVlUR]G]LHOQLVlUR]G]LHOQLHZLHOZ\olF]QLNRZH
: RPqZLRQ\FK ZF]HrQLHM XNoDGDFK QD MHGQR SROH
VWRVRZDQ\MHVWMHGHQZ\olF]QLN
: UR]G]LHOQLDFK ZLHORZ\olF]QLNRZ\FK QD MHGQR SROH
VWRVRZDQH MHVW ZLHOH Z\olF]QLNqZ SU]\ F]\P ]DVWR
VRZDQLH]QDOD]o\GZDXNoDG\
XNoDGGZXZ\olF]QLNRZ\U\VXQHNZNWqU\P
QDMHGQRSROHSU]\SDGDMlGZDZ\olF]QLNL
XNoDGSqoWRUDZ\olF]QLNRZ\U\VXQHN]ZDQ\
LQDF]HMZ\olF]QLNRZ\PZNWqU\PQDGZD
RGHMrFLDOLQLRZHSU]\SDGDMlWU]\Z\olF]QLNL
,
,,
5\V5R]G]LHOQLDZXNoDG]LHGZXZ\olF]QLNRZ\P
,
,,
5\V5R]G]LHOQLDZXNoDG]LH
SqoWRUDZ\olF]QLNRZ\P
VWU:11
8NoDG GZXZ\olF]QLNRZ\ MHVW XNoDGHP GURJLP L QLH
]QDMGXMH V]HUV]HJR ]DVWRVRZDQLD =QDF]QLH F]nrFLHM
MHVWVWRVRZDQ\XNoDGSqoWRUDZ\olF]QLNRZ\-HJRFKD
UDNWHU\VW\F]Ql FHFKl MHVW WR sH SRPLnG]\ V]\QDPL
]ELRUF]\PL ]QDMGXMl VLn WU]\ W]Z PRVWNL Z VNoDG
NWqUHJR ZFKRG]L Z\olF]QLN RGolF]QLNL L SU]HNoDGQLN
SUlGRZ\'RSURZDG]HQLDWUDQVIRUPDWRUqZLRGSURZD
G]HQLDOLQLLRGE\ZDVLnSXQNWDFKSRolF]HpPRVWNqZ
8NoDG\ ZLHORZ\olF]QLNRZH FKDUDNWHU\]XMl VLn EDUG]R
GXslQLH]DZRGQRrFLlLHODVW\F]QRrFLlUXFKRZl6lWR
MHGQDN XNoDG\ GURJLH FKRFLDs NRV]W\ LFK EXGRZ\ Vl
SRUqZQ\ZDOQH GR XNoDGX SRGZqMQHJR ] V]\Ql REHM
rFLRZl'ODWHJRVlVWRVRZDQHW\ONRZUR]G]LHOQLDQDM
Z\sV]\FKQDSLnm
8NoDG\EH]V]\QRZH
8.f$'<%/2.2:(
8NoDG\ EORNRZH U\VXQHN FKDUDNWHU\]XMl VLn
V]HUHJRZ\P SRolF]HQLHP ZV]\VWNLFK HOHPHQWqZ
REZRGqZ JoqZQHJR EH] SRrUHGQLFWZD V]\Q ]ELRU
F]\FK 8NoDG\ WH QDMF]nrFLHM Vl F]nVWR VWRVRZDQH Z
SLHUZV]\P HWDSLH EXGRZ\ UR]G]LHOQL N9
QDWRPLDVW Z NRpFRZ\P HWDSLH PRJl E\m UR]EXGR
ZDQHGRXNoDGqZPRVWNRZ\FKElGtV]\QRZ\FK
6DPH Z VRELH FKDUDNWHU\]XMl VLn PDo\PL NRV]WDPL
LQZHVW\F\MQ\PL ]H Z]JOnGX QD EUDN V]\Q ]ELRUF]\FK
LRGSRZLHGQLFKNRQVWUXNFMLZVSRUF]\FK
+
26 26
+W
+
26 26
+W
+
+
N9
/LQLD
61
5\V8NoDG%ORNRZ\ 5\V5qsQHRGPLDQ\XNoDGXPRVWNRZHJR+26RGolF]QLNV]\ENL
VWU:11
8.f$'<0267.2:(
8NoDGPRVWNRZ\]ZDQ\LQDF]HMXNoDGHP+VWDQRZLl
•
GZDXNoDG\EORNRZHOLQLDWUDQVIRUPDWRU
•
SRSU]HF]QHSRolF]HQLHEORNqZ]ZDQHSRSU]HF]Nl
: ]DOHsQRrFL RG OLF]E\ ]DVWRVRZDQ\FK Z\olF]QLNqZ
L PLHMVFD LFK XV\WXRZDQLD Z\VWnSXMl OLF]QH RGPLDQ\
XNoDGX+NWqUHSU]HGVWDZLDU\VXQHN,WDNXNoDG
+R]QDF]DsHZUR]G]LHOQLZ\VWnSXMlWU]\Z\olF]QLNL
1DWRPLDVW XNoDG +W FKDUDNWHU\]XMH VLn XPLHV]F]H
QLHP Z\olF]QLNqZ RG VWURQ\ WUDQVIRUPDWRUD SRQLsHM
SRSU]HF]NLDQLHRGVWURQ\OLQLL
5R]G]LHOQLH W\SX + Vl W\SRZ\PL XNoDGDPL UR]G]LHOQL
N9 *3= N9 ]DVLODQ\FK GZRPD OLQLDPL
3RoRsHQLHolF]QLNDZSRSU]HF]FH]DOHs\RGWHJRF]\
OLQLD MHVW ]DVLODQD GZRPD OLQLDPL OXE ] RGF]HSX OLQLL
GZXWRURZHM F]\ FR PD F]nVWR PLHMVFH ] ZFLnFLD Z
OLQLnN9:SLHUZV]\PSU]\SDGNXSRSU]HF]NDMHVW
ZQRUPDOQ\FKZDUXQNDFKRWZDUWDQDWRPLDVWZGUXJLP
]DPNQLnWD ERZLHP SU]H] UR]G]LHOQLn RGE\ZD VLn
ZqZF]DV WUDQ]\W HQHUJLL 1DMF]nrFLHM VSRW\NDQ\P GR
WHM SRU\ XNoDGHP MHVW XNoDG + L +W :\MDrQLHQLD
Z\PDJD UROD RGolF]QLND V]\ENLHJR 26 3U]\ Z\VWl
SLHQLX ]ZDUFLD Z WUDQVIRUPDWRU]H QDVWnSXMH Z\olF]H
QLH Z\olF]QLND OLQLL ]DVLODMlFHM WHQ WUDQVIRUPDWRU
L Z\olF]QLND Z SRSU]HF]FH : SRZVWDoHM SU]HUZLH
EH]QDSLnFLRZHM QDVWnSXMH EDUG]R V]\ENLH RWZDUFLH
RGolF]QLND 26 1DVWnSQLH G]LDoDQLH DXWRPDW\NL 63=
]DolF]D RWZDUWH XSU]HGQLR Z\olF]QLNL WUDQVIRUPDWRU
MHVW RGolF]RQ\ D WUDQ]\W HQHUJLL SU]\ZUqFRQ\
=DLQVWDORZDQH Z UR]G]LHOQL SU]HG RGolF]QLNDPL
V]\ENLPL RGolF]QLNL ]Z\NoH XPRsOLZLDMl NRQVHUZDFMn
RGolF]QLNqZV]\ENLFK
2EHFQLH]DOHFDQ\PLXNoDGDPLVlXNoDG+L+
8.f$'<:,(/2%2.2:(
8NoDG\ZLHORERNRZHQDMF]nrFLHMZNV]WDoFLHWUqMNlWD
F]ZRURERNX OXE V]HrFLRNlWD Vl QLHNLHG\ VWRVRZDQH
Z UR]G]LHOQLDFK R QDSLnFLX N9 /LQLH L WUDQVIRU
PDWRU\ Vl ZqZF]DV SU]\olF]DQH GR ZLHU]FKRoNqZ
ZLHORERNX 3U]\NoDG XNoDGX UR]G]LHOQL Z NV]WDoFLH
F]ZRURERNXSU]HGVWDZLDU\VXQHN
'R]DOHWUR]G]LHOQLZLHORERNRZ\FK]DOLF]DVLn
•
Z]DMHPQHUH]HUZRZDQLHZ\olF]QLNqZ
•
GXsDQLH]DZRGQRrm
•
QLHPD]DJURsHQLDZ\NRQ\ZDQLDEonGQ\FK
F]\QQRrFLolF]HQLRZ\FKRGolF]QLNDPL
5\V6FKHPDWUR]G]LHOQLZNV]WDoFLHF]ZRURERNX
:rUqGZDGZ\PLHQLmPRsQD
•
NRQLHF]QRrmGRERUXDSDUDWXU\ZERNXQDSUlG\
EnGlFHVXPlSUlGqZZV]\VWNLFKOXEF]nrFL
RGELRUqZ
•
VNRPSOLNRZDQ\V\VWHP]DEH]SLHF]HpXNoDG
PRsHSUDFRZDmMDNRFDoNRZLFLH]DPNQLnW\RWZDUW\
OXEUR]FLnW\
•
WUXGQRrFLZSU]HVWU]HQQ\PXNV]WDoWRZDQLX
UR]G]LHOQLLMHMUR]EXGRZLH
:3ROVFHMHG\QlUR]G]LHOQLlZLHORERNRZlZNV]WDoFLH
WUqMNlWDMHVWUR]G]LHOQLDN9VWDFML5=(6=h: