BC170_2.04.1

Data Declarations

BC170_2.04.2

Objectives

• The participants will be able to:

– Define the Data Types used in ABAP Programming
– Declare Variables within an ABAP Program
– Assign Default Values to variables within an ABAP

Program

– Create user defined Data Types
– Assign values to fields within an ABAP Program
– Use Arithmetic Expressions in an ABAP Program
– Create Report Parameters in an ABAP Program
– Use Field Symbols in an ABAP Program

BC170_2.04.3

C: Character Text

I: Integer

P: Packed #

F: Floating Point #

N: Numeric Text

D: Date

T: Time

X: Hexadecimal #

ABAP Elementary Data Types

BC170_2.04.4

DATA

: PLAYER(35) TYPE C,

NICKNAME(35),
POINTS

TYPE I,

GAMES

TYPE I

VALUE ‘10’,

AVERAGE(5) TYPE P,
STARTER,
ACQUIRED

TYPE D.

Declaring Variables

BC170_2.04.5

C: (blank)

I: zero

P: zero

F: zeroes

N: zeroes

D: 00000000

T: 000000

X: 00

The CLEAR statement sets a field back to its initial

value, not its default value.

Initial Values

BC170_2.04.6

DATA: PLAYER(35) TYPE C,

NICKNAME(35)

VALUE ‘Dr. J’

POINTS

TYPE I

VALUE ‘255’

GAMES

TYPE I

VALUE 10

AVERAGE(5) TYPE P

VALUE ‘25.5’

STARTER

VALUE ‘Yes’

ACQUIRED

TYPE D

VALUE

‘19760610’

Assigning Default Values

BC170_2.04.7

DATA: PLAYER(35) TYPE C VALUE ‘Julius
Erving’,

NICKNAME(35),
ACQUIRED

TYPE D.

DATA: PLAYER(35) TYPE C VALUE ‘Julius
Erving’,

NICKNAME

LIKE PLAYER

ACQUIRED

LIKE SY-DATUM

Use the LIKE addition to

declare fields with the same

format (i.e., data type and

length)

Declaring Like Fields

BC170_2.04.8

CONSTANTS

:C_TEAM1(20)

TYPE C VALUE ‘76ers’,

C_ TEAM2

LIKE TEAM1 VALUE

‘Celtics’,

C_ TOT_GAMES TYPE I VALUE 82.

If you attempt to change the value of a constant,

a syntax error will occur.

The VALUE addition

is required.

Declaring Constants

BC170_2.04.9

TYPES: NAME(35)

TYPE C,

TEAMS(20) TYPE C.

DATA: PLAYER

TYPE NAME

VALUE ‘Troy

Aikman’,

NICKNAME LIKE PLAYER.

CONSTANTS:C_TEAM1

TYPE TEAMS

VALUE

‘Cowboys’,

C_TEAM2 LIKE TEAM1 VALUE

‘Packers’.

A user-defined data type created with the TYPES

statement is used to specify a field’s data type in the

TYPE addition of the DATA or CONSTANTS statements.

User-Defined Data Types

BC170_2.04.10

Standard Length

defined length

(2 * defined length) +

defined length

(2 * defined length)

Justification

left-justified

right-justified

left-justified

Output Characteristic for Data

Types

BC170_2.04.11

DATA: FLOAT

TYPE F

VALUE

‘98.7654321E2’,

PACK TYPE P

VALUE 12,

INT

TYPE I

VALUE 32.

WRITE:

/ FLOAT,

/ FLOAT EXPONENT 1 DECIMALS

/ FLOAT EXPONENT 0 DECIMALS

/ PACK,
/ PACK DECIMALS 1,
/ INT DECIMALS 2.

9.876543210000000E+03

987.654E+01

9876.54

12.0

32.00

These fields are not

aligned because of the

different standard

output lengths of the

numeric type fields.

Output for Numeric Fields

BC170_2.04.12

DATA: TITLE(25),

SALARY TYPE P,
CNVSALARY LIKE

SALARY.

MOVE ‘President’ TO TITLE.
COMPUTE SALARY = 5000000.
CNVSALARY = SALARY * 3.
ADD 1000 TO SALARY.

MOVE <value> TO <field>.

[COMPUTE] <field> = <value or expression>.

ADD <value> TO <field>.

SUBTRACT <value> FROM <field>.

MULTIPLY <field> BY <value>.

DIVIDE <field> BY <value>.

Assigning Values to Fields

BC170_2.04.13

COUNTER = COUNTER + 1.

SALARY = BASE * BONUS_PERCENT.

LENGTH = STRLEN( NAME ).

ANSWER = ( 10 + SQRT( NUM1 ) ) / ( NUM2 -
10 ).

Spacing is very important when using arithmetic

expressions!!!

Functions

SQRT, EXP, LOG,

SIN, COS, STRLEN, . . .

Operators

+ - * / **

DIV and MOD

Arithmetic Expressions

BC170_2.04.14

DATA: CUSTOMER(10) TYPE C,

INV_DATE LIKE SY-DATUM.

CUSTOMER = ‘1234567890’.
INV_DATE = ‘19960626’.

WRITE: / CUSTOMER

+8(2)

, ‘xx’,

INV_DATE

(4)

* Start of Month
INV_DATE

+6(2)

= ‘01’.

CUSTOMER

= ‘ABCD’.

WRITE: / CUSTOMER, ‘------’, INV_DATE.

90 xx 1996
123456ABCD ----- 06/01/1996

Use an offset and

length to display or

change portions of a

field.

Sub-Fields in ABAP

BC170_2.04.15

DATA: DAYSOLD TYPE P,

DOB TYPE D,
TODAY LIKE SY-DATUM.

DOB = ‘19621230’.
TODAY

= SY-DATUM.

DAYSOLD = TODAY - DOB.

WRITE: ‘You are’, DAYSOLD, ‘days old.’.

You are 12410 days old.

Date fields store

values as

YYYYMMDD.

Date Calculations in ABAP

BC170_2.04.16

PARAMETERS

P_NUM TYPE I,

P_NAME(20) DEFAULT

‘Aaron’.

ADD 10 TO P_NUM.

WRITE: / P_NUM,

‘----’,
P_NAME.

32 ---- Aaron

Selection Screen

Declaring Fields with PARAMETERS

BC170_2.04.17

Selection Texts

These selection

texts will be used

on the selection

screen instead of

the parameter

names.

BC170_2.04.18

DATA: NUM TYPE I VALUE 12.

FIELD-SYMBOLS

<F1>,

<F2> TYPE I,
<F3> LIKE NUM.

ASSIGN

NUM TO <F1>,

NUM TO <F2>,
NUM TO <F3>.

WRITE: /

‘Line 1:’, NUM, <F1>,

<F2>, <F3>.

<F1> = 32.

WRITE: /

‘Line 2:’, NUM, <F1>,

<F2>, <F3>.

A field symbol is a

“pointer” that

assumes a field’s

address, not a

field’s value.

Line 1: 12

Line 2: 32

Working with Field Symbols in

ABAP

BC170_2.04.19

DATA: TEXT_LINE(30) VALUE ‘ABCDEFGHIJK’.

FIELD-SYMBOLS <FSYMBOL>.

ASSIGN TEXT_LINE+2(5) TO <FSYMBOL>.

* this assigns 5 characters of text_line starting at position 2
* (3

letter, because count starts at 0) to the field string .

WRITE: / ‘text line =‘, TEXT_LINE.
ULINE.
WRITE: / ‘field symbol=‘, <FSYMBOL>.
ULINE.
<FSYMBOL> = ‘1234567890’.
WRITE: / ‘field symbol =‘, <FSYMBOL>.
ULINE.
WRITE: / ‘text line =‘, TEXT_LINE.

Dynamic Assignment of Partial

Strings

BC170_2.04.20

PARAMETERS P_FIELD(8) DEFAULT ‘SY-UZEIT’.
FIELD-SYMBOLS <FSYMBOL>.

ASSIGN (P_FIELD) TO <FSYMBOL>

IF SY-SUBRC = 0.

WRITE: / ‘The contents of field’, P_FIELD,

<FSYMBOL>.
ELSE.

WRITE: / ‘Failure assigning field’, P_FIELD, ‘to

field symbol’.
ENDIF.

The contents of field SY-UZEIT 12:32:06

FIELD

SY-UZEIT

Selection Screen

List

Dynamic Field Assignment

BC170_2.04.21

Summary

• The participants should be able to:

– Define the Data Types used in ABAP Programming
– Declare Variables within an ABAP Program
– Assign Default Values to variables within an ABAP

Program

BC170_2.04.22

Document Outline