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LEARNING ENGLISH

LEARNING ENGLISH

BETTER

BETTER

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English may be a foreign

English may be a foreign

language, but we cannot deny

language, but we cannot deny

its importance in today’s

its importance in today’s

world. Don’t hesitate – speak

world. Don’t hesitate – speak

confidently and get over your

confidently and get over your

shyness.

shyness.

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Day 1

Day 1

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NOUNS

NOUNS

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Teaching formal grammar is something of a

Teaching formal grammar is something of a

challenge. It is

challenge. It is

something which helps in acquiring the skill to

something which helps in acquiring the skill to

match grammar

match grammar

vocabulary with the usage they have already

vocabulary with the usage they have already

acquired.

acquired.

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The objective is to do away

The objective is to do away

with stiff traditional

with stiff traditional

definitions and introduce parts

definitions and introduce parts

of speech with simple

of speech with simple

explanations

explanations

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Today let us take on simple definitions

Today let us take on simple definitions

in grammar like nouns, verbs, and

in grammar like nouns, verbs, and

adjectives. Many of you might think

adjectives. Many of you might think

or feel that you already know about

or feel that you already know about

these, but will be surprised to know

these, but will be surprised to know

that even simple grammar keeps

that even simple grammar keeps

springing surprises on us.

springing surprises on us.

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Let Us Take On Nouns …

Let Us Take On Nouns …

To explain in simple words, a

To explain in simple words, a

noun is the name of a person,

noun is the name of a person,

animal, place or thing.

animal, place or thing.

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Nouns- Singular & Plural ….

Nouns- Singular & Plural ….

There are some general rules for changing the

There are some general rules for changing the

singular form of a noun to its plural form.

singular form of a noun to its plural form.

Eg:

Eg:

Common nouns.

Common nouns.

Pen(singular) –

Pen(singular) –

Pens(plural)

Pens(plural)

Collective nouns.

Collective nouns.

Army(singular) – Armies(plural)

Army(singular) – Armies(plural)

Proper, abstract & material nouns can have plural

Proper, abstract & material nouns can have plural

forms when they are used as common nouns.

forms when they are used as common nouns.

All of you must be aware that the most common form

All of you must be aware that the most common form

of forming a plural by adding an “s” to the noun.

of forming a plural by adding an “s” to the noun.

Eg:

Eg:

Hand - Hands

Hand - Hands

House - Houses

House - Houses

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Plural of the nouns ending in “x” “sh” or “ch” (a

Plural of the nouns ending in “x” “sh” or “ch” (a

hissing sound) is formed by adding “es” at the end.

hissing sound) is formed by adding “es” at the end.

Eg:

Eg:

glass - glasses

glass - glasses

box - boxes

box - boxes

brush - brushes

brush - brushes

bench - benches

bench - benches

Plural of the nouns ending in a “y” and having a

Plural of the nouns ending in a “y” and having a

consonant

consonant

before “y” is formed by changing “y”

before “y” is formed by changing “y”

into “ies”.

into “ies”.

Eg:

Eg:

army - armies

army - armies

lady - ladies

lady - ladies

baby - babies

baby - babies

fly - flies

fly - flies

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If there is a vowel before the “y”, we just add “s” to the noun to

If there is a vowel before the “y”, we just add “s” to the noun to

form its plural.

form its plural.

Eg:

Eg:

monkey - monkeys

monkey - monkeys

boy - boys

boy - boys

toy - toys

toy - toys

donkey - donkeys

donkey - donkeys

day - days

day - days

key - keys

key - keys

There are some nouns which are used in plural sense, though they

There are some nouns which are used in plural sense, though they

look

look

singular.

singular.

Eg:

Eg:

These cattle (not cattles)

These cattle (not cattles)

These people

These people

These folk

These folk

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Some nouns are used in singular form.

Some nouns are used in singular form.

Eg:

Eg:

This scenery is beautiful.

This scenery is beautiful.

All this information was wrong.

All this information was wrong.

Furniture is sold here.

Furniture is sold here.

Some nouns have the same form

Some nouns have the same form

both

both

in singular

in singular

and plural.

and plural.

Eg:

Eg:

This deer.

This deer.

These deer.

These deer.

This sheep.

This sheep.

These sheep.

These sheep.

This fish.

This fish.

These fish.

These fish.

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Compound

Compound

nouns form their plural by

nouns form their plural by

adding “s” to the important word.

adding “s” to the important word.

Eg:

Eg:

mother-in-law - mother

mother-in-law - mother

s

s

-in-law

-in-law

step-son -

step-son -

step-son

step-sons

passer-by - passer

passer-by - passers

-by

-by

maid-servant - maid-

maid-servant - maid-

servant

servants

.

.

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To Change ---

To Change ---

Nouns which are used only in singular

Nouns which are used only in singular

though they look like

though they look like

plurals

plurals

.

.

Eg:

Eg:

The

The

news

news

is _____________

is _____________

Physics

Physics

is ______________

is ______________

Mathematics

Mathematics

is ___________

is ___________

Politics

Politics

is ________________

is ________________

An

An

innings

innings

______________

______________

A

A

means

means

_____________

_____________

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The following are nouns

The following are nouns

-- mountains, tree,

-- mountains, tree,

postman, cupboard,chair,

postman, cupboard,chair,

apple, pen.

apple, pen.

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Concrete

Concrete

nouns are names of people and things we

nouns are names of people and things we

can touch or see.

can touch or see.

Nouns can also name things that cannot be seen or

Nouns can also name things that cannot be seen or

touched, but can be thought and felt. They express

touched, but can be thought and felt. They express

a quality, a state, a feeling or an action.

a quality, a state, a feeling or an action.

Such nouns are called

Such nouns are called

Abstract

Abstract

nouns. So an

nouns. So an

abstract noun is an

abstract noun is an

IDEA

IDEA

, for example, honesty,

, for example, honesty,

childhood, happiness, bravery.

childhood, happiness, bravery.

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Concrete Nouns Are of 4

Concrete Nouns Are of 4

Kinds …

Kinds …

example

1.

1.

Common Nouns

Common Nouns

chair,crow,flower.

chair,crow,flower.

(nouns of one class

(nouns of one class

or kind)

or kind)

2.

2.

Proper Nouns

Proper Nouns

Delhi, Ram, Everest.

Delhi, Ram, Everest.

(special name)

(special name)

3.

3.

Material Nouns

Material Nouns

water, gold, wood.

water, gold, wood.

(names of things

(names of things

from which other

from which other

things are made)

things are made)

4.

4.

Collective Nouns

Collective Nouns

fleet, army, bunch.

fleet, army, bunch.

(a group of things

(a group of things

considered as one)

considered as one)

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Role-Play -- Live

Role-Play -- Live

2 Role-Plays to Understand the

2 Role-Plays to Understand the

Types of Nouns

Types of Nouns

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Home Assignment

Home Assignment

Do It Yourself Exercise on Nouns

Do It Yourself Exercise on Nouns

2 Sets of Assignments on Types of

2 Sets of Assignments on Types of

Nouns

Nouns

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Of these, common and collective nouns are

Of these, common and collective nouns are

Countable

Countable

nouns .

nouns .

eg. Fruit, rabbit, box, pen, city, hero.

eg. Fruit, rabbit, box, pen, city, hero.

These nouns have plural forms. They take on the

These nouns have plural forms. They take on the

adjectives e.g. few, many, several, one, two etc.

adjectives e.g. few, many, several, one, two etc.

eg. Several

eg. Several

pages(plural)

pages(plural)

in the book are missing.

in the book are missing.

Nouns that cannot be counted in no.s are called

Nouns that cannot be counted in no.s are called

Uncountable

Uncountable

nouns.

nouns.

e.g. rice, wool, sugar, water, soil, music, air, coffee

e.g. rice, wool, sugar, water, soil, music, air, coffee

etc. These nouns have no plural forms. They take

etc. These nouns have no plural forms. They take

on adjectives like much little or a little. They

on adjectives like much little or a little. They

cannot be used with nos.

cannot be used with nos.

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Choose the Countable and

Choose the Countable and

Uncountable Nouns from the

Uncountable Nouns from the

following table …

following table …

Apple

Apple

Star

Star

Cloth

Cloth

Freedo

Freedo

m

m

Furnitu

Furnitu

re

re

Picture

Picture

Stone

Stone

Dirt

Dirt

Paper

Paper

Class

Class

Family

Family

Milk

Milk

Shop

Shop

Pen

Pen

Tea

Tea

Poetry

Poetry

Poem

Poem

Team

Team

Iron

Iron

Glass

Glass

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Role-Play --- Live

1 Role-Play

1 Role-Play

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Home Assignment

Home Assignment

Do It Yourself Exercise on Nouns

Do It Yourself Exercise on Nouns

1 Assignment

1 Assignment

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VERBS

VERBS

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All About Verbs …

All About Verbs …

A

A

verb,

verb,

as we all know, shows action. It also tells us the time

as we all know, shows action. It also tells us the time

of action. The verb tells us whether the action has already

of action. The verb tells us whether the action has already

taken place, is taking place or will take please. To show the

taken place, is taking place or will take please. To show the

time in which the action is taking place, sometimes several

time in which the action is taking place, sometimes several

verbs are put together.

verbs are put together.

Ex: The fly

Ex: The fly

sits

sits

on the fruit.

on the fruit.

here the verb tells us what is happening in the

here the verb tells us what is happening in the

present

present

or

or

what happens from time to time(present tense).

what happens from time to time(present tense).

Ex: The fly

Ex: The fly

sat

sat

on the fruit.

on the fruit.

Here the verb consists of one word and tells us of the action

Here the verb consists of one word and tells us of the action

that took place in the

that took place in the

past

past

(past tense)

(past tense)

Ex: The fly

Ex: The fly

will

will

sit

sit

on the fruit.

on the fruit.

Here it consists of 2 verbs

Here it consists of 2 verbs

will

will

sit

sit

. To show what will happen

. To show what will happen

in the

in the

future

future

, the verb

, the verb

sit

sit

takes on the helping verb

takes on the helping verb

will

will

(future tense)

(future tense)

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All About Verbs …

All About Verbs …

A verb does two things in a sentence

A verb does two things in a sentence

.

.

It shows the action ( ex-works) or the state of being (ex –

It shows the action ( ex-works) or the state of being (ex –

is,was) of the subject.

is,was) of the subject.

The boy walks to school

The boy walks to school

The flower is beautiful

The flower is beautiful

It shows the time of the action(the tense)

It shows the time of the action(the tense)

Ex: The boy walked to school

Ex: The boy walked to school

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All About Verbs

All About Verbs

…………………………..

…………………………..

The

The

Simple

Simple

tense

tense

This tense shows the present, past or future of

This tense shows the present, past or future of

the action in its simplest form.

the action in its simplest form.

He goes to school. (simple present tense)

He goes to school. (simple present tense)

He wants to go to school. (simple present

He wants to go to school. (simple present

tense)

tense)

He will go to school. (simple future tense)

He will go to school. (simple future tense)

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Let us examine verb in a simple tense.

Let us examine verb in a simple tense.

eg: The peon

eg: The peon

rings

rings

the bell.

the bell.

(every hour or every day)

(every hour or every day)

The earth

The earth

goes

goes

round the sun.

round the sun.

We

We

eat

eat

every day.

every day.

Mother

Mother

visits

visits

the temple daily.

the temple daily.

Here, the simple tense of the verb shows routine

Here, the simple tense of the verb shows routine

work, a

work, a

permanent truth or habit.

permanent truth or habit.

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The thing to be noted is that the verb ends with an ‘s’ in a

The thing to be noted is that the verb ends with an ‘s’ in a

simple present tense if the subject is he, she or it.

simple present tense if the subject is he, she or it.

Eg:

Eg:

The minister brings a brief case to the office.

The minister brings a brief case to the office.

She sings in a melodious voice

When the word ‘have’ is used to mean possession we use

When the word ‘have’ is used to mean possession we use

‘has’ for he, she or it, and ‘have’ for other subjects.

‘has’ for he, she or it, and ‘have’ for other subjects.

E.g: I

E.g: I

have

have

a pen

a pen

She

She

has

has

a pen

a pen

We

We

have

have

pens

pens

He

He

has

has

a pen

a pen

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All About Verbs ……

All About Verbs ……

The

The

Continuous tense

Continuous tense

shows that the action (in present,

shows that the action (in present,

past and future) is still continuing or not yet complete.

past and future) is still continuing or not yet complete.

eg:

eg:

He is selling the product.

He is selling the product.

(present

(present

continuous)

continuous)

He was selling the product

He was selling the product

(past continuous)

(past continuous)

He will be selling the product

He will be selling the product

(future

(future

continuous)

continuous)

This is also called

This is also called

Imperfect tense

Imperfect tense

because it shows an

because it shows an

action which is incomplete or imperfect.

action which is incomplete or imperfect.

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All About Verbs ……

All About Verbs ……

The

The

Perfect tense

Perfect tense

shows that an action is in a completed or perfect

shows that an action is in a completed or perfect

state.

state.

eg:

eg:

I have done my work

I have done my work

Present Tense

Present Tense

She has done her work

She has done her work

I had done my work

I had done my work

Past Perfect

Past Perfect

She had done her work

She had done her work

I shall have done my work

Future Perfect

He will have done his work

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All About Verbs ………………….

All About Verbs ………………….

The

The

Simple Past tense

Simple Past tense

is used to describe actions and

is used to describe actions and

states in the past that are complete in themselves.

states in the past that are complete in themselves.

Verbs in this tense usually go with the adverb (adverbial

Verbs in this tense usually go with the adverb (adverbial

phrases) like yesterday, last week, (month year) an hour

phrases) like yesterday, last week, (month year) an hour

ago, in 1942, etc.

ago, in 1942, etc.

Eg:

Eg:

I found a pen yesterday.

I found a pen yesterday.

We drove to Bangalore last week.
You arrived here last year.
India won freedom in 1947.
The agent came here a few minutes ago.

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2 Role-Plays

2 Role-Plays

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Home Assignment

Home Assignment

Do It Yourself Exercise on Verbs

Do It Yourself Exercise on Verbs

2 Assignments

2 Assignments

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Lets look at how many forms

Lets look at how many forms

the word “Be” can take

the word “Be” can take

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Being

Being

Been

Been

Am

Am

Is

Is

be

be

Are

Are

Was

Was

Were

Were

Shall be

Shall be

Will be

Will be

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Day 2

Day 2

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SENTENCES

SENTENCES

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When we speak or write , we use words, we put letters

When we speak or write , we use words, we put letters

together to form words. Words put together form

together to form words. Words put together form

sentences.

sentences.

Eg: Important it client please to is .

Eg: Important it client please to is .

These are group of words, but is

These are group of words, but is

not

not

a sentence

a sentence

because they don’t mean anything. Let us how

because they don’t mean anything. Let us how

rearrange the words.

rearrange the words.

It is important to please a client.

It is important to please a client.

In the words, we can say, that a sentence is a

In the words, we can say, that a sentence is a

group of words, which make sense.

group of words, which make sense.

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All About Sentences

All About Sentences

…………………..

…………………..

Some sentences describe things or give information.

Some sentences describe things or give information.

Some ask questions.

Some ask questions.

Sentences that describe or give information are called

Sentences that describe or give information are called

assertive

assertive

sentences. They actually make a sentence.

sentences. They actually make a sentence.

Sentences that ask questions are called

Sentences that ask questions are called

interrogative

interrogative

sentences. To

sentences. To

interrogate

interrogate

means to ‘ask’. These

means to ‘ask’. These

sentences always end with a question mark. The

sentences always end with a question mark. The

customer or the client may ask you many questions

customer or the client may ask you many questions

E.g.: What is the product you sell?

E.g.: What is the product you sell?

What is the price of this product?

What is the price of this product?

Will you give me a discount?

Will you give me a discount?

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All About Sentences ……

All About Sentences ……

Some sentences express a wish, a command or a

Some sentences express a wish, a command or a

request. They are called

request. They are called

imperative

imperative

sentences

sentences

Ex: May god be with you.(wish)

Ex: May god be with you.(wish)

Call the doctor at once.(command)

Call the doctor at once.(command)

Wait for me please.(request)

Wait for me please.(request)

Sentences that express a strong or sudden

Sentences that express a strong or sudden

feeling are known as

feeling are known as

exclamatory

exclamatory

sentences.

sentences.

They always end with an exclamation mark.

They always end with an exclamation mark.

Ex: What a wonderful day !

Ex: What a wonderful day !

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All About Sentences ……

All About Sentences ……

So we can safely say that a sentence is a

So we can safely say that a sentence is a

group of words which has a subject and it

group of words which has a subject and it

tells something about the subject. It is

tells something about the subject. It is

meaningful by itself.

meaningful by itself.

It is important to make a complete

It is important to make a complete

sentence : using the right combination of

sentence : using the right combination of

nouns, verbs, adjectives, prepositions

nouns, verbs, adjectives, prepositions

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Role Play -- Live

3 Role Plays

3 Role Plays

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Home Assignment

Home Assignment

Do It Yourself Exercise on

Do It Yourself Exercise on

Sentences

Sentences

2 Assignments

2 Assignments

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Silent Letters in Words

Silent Letters in Words

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There are certain words

There are certain words

which have a particular

which have a particular

letter or letters that are

letter or letters that are

silent and therefore the

silent and therefore the

pronunciation of the word is

pronunciation of the word is

different.

different.

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For Example ……

For Example ……

B – Silent in

B – Silent in

words like

words like

Comb

Comb

Dumb

Dumb

Debt

Debt

C - Silent in words

C - Silent in words

like

like

Scene

Scene

Scent

Scent

D - Silent in words

D - Silent in words

like

like

Judge

Judge

Edge

Edge

G - Silent in words

G - Silent in words

like

like

Resign

Resign

Sign

Sign

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For Example ……

For Example ……

GH – Silent in

GH – Silent in

words like

words like

Brought

Brought

Though

Though

Night

Night

H - Silent in

H - Silent in

words like

words like

Hour

Hour

Honor

Honor

K- Silent in words

K- Silent in words

like

like

Know

Know

Knee

Knee

L - Silent in words

L - Silent in words

like

like

Talk

Talk

Half

Half

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For Example

For Example

…………………….

…………………….

N – Silent in words

N – Silent in words

like

like

Autumn

Autumn

P - Silent in words

P - Silent in words

like

like

Psychology

Psychology

Pneumonia

Pneumonia

T - Silent in words

T - Silent in words

like

like

Listen

Listen

Catch

Catch

Often

Often

U- Silent in words

U- Silent in words

like

like

Tongue

Tongue

Guard

Guard

W - Silent in

W - Silent in

words like

words like

Write

Write

Answer

Answer

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HOMONYMS

HOMONYMS

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PRONUNCIATIONS

PRONUNCIATIONS

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Pronunciation is the way in

Pronunciation is the way in

which a word is pronounced or

which a word is pronounced or

spoken.

spoken.

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Ways To Improve Your

Ways To Improve Your

Pronunciation

Pronunciation

1.

1.

Listen to the English news regularly

Listen to the English news regularly

- CNN

- CNN

- BBC

- BBC

- Star News

- Star News

2.

2.

Be attentive when you hear others

Be attentive when you hear others

speak.

speak.

3.

3.

Look up the dictionary for the correct

Look up the dictionary for the correct

pronunciation of words.

pronunciation of words.

4.

4.

Read the paragraph loudly and then

Read the paragraph loudly and then

tape it. After listening to the Tape,

tape it. After listening to the Tape,

correct your mistakes and speak again.

correct your mistakes and speak again.

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Ways To Improve Your

Ways To Improve Your

Pronunciation ……

Pronunciation ……

5.

5.

The formation of the mouth and

The formation of the mouth and

placing of the tongue is important

placing of the tongue is important

for correct pronunciation.

for correct pronunciation.

Looking into a mirror will help.

Looking into a mirror will help.

6.

6.

Enjoy the company of people who

Enjoy the company of people who

speak fluent

speak fluent

English.

English.

7.

7.

Buy tapes of speeches of great

Buy tapes of speeches of great

leaders of the world and listen to

leaders of the world and listen to

them.

them.

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Pronunciation And Speech

Pronunciation And Speech

……

……

A skillful speaker never pronounces a

A skillful speaker never pronounces a

word in a way that is alien to the

word in a way that is alien to the

habits of his listener.

habits of his listener.

The three most common mistakes

The three most common mistakes

that happen while pronouncing:

that happen while pronouncing:

-- carelessness

-- carelessness

-- a put-on accent

-- a put-on accent

-- pronunciation that is

-- pronunciation that is

too

too

careful

careful

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Pronunciation And Speech

Pronunciation And Speech

…..

…..

Take for example:

Take for example:

Two most commonly used words :

Two most commonly used words :

Either

Either

Neither

Neither

When pronounced as Either and

When pronounced as Either and

Neither, no one notices them.

Neither, no one notices them.

But if they are pronounced as Eyether

But if they are pronounced as Eyether

and Nyether, they will be certainly

and Nyether, they will be certainly

noticed and the chances are that they

noticed and the chances are that they

will cause irritation.

will cause irritation.

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Role-Play --- Audio

Role-Play --- Audio

Listening To Pronunciations

Listening To Pronunciations

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Role-Play --- Live

Role-Play --- Live

Speaking and Rehearsing

Speaking and Rehearsing

Pronunciations As Given in the

Pronunciations As Given in the

Audio Piece

Audio Piece

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There are words used in

There are words used in

sentences which either form

sentences which either form

the strong part or take the

the strong part or take the

weak form.

weak form.

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For Example ……

For Example ……

Strong Form

Strong Form

Weak Form

Weak Form

Are

Are

Here they

Here they

are

are

They

They

are coming

are coming

At

At

Shoot

Shoot

at

at

him

him

Stop

Stop

at the new house

at the new house

Be

Be

It can’t

It can’t

be

be

He must be

He must be

stupid

stupid

Could

Could

I would stay if I

I would stay if I

You could be

You could be

better

better

could

could

than this

than this

For

For

What is he

What is he

He

He

is waiting for

is waiting for

waiting

waiting

for

for

his pay

his pay

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Home Assignment

Home Assignment

Give the topics for the Skit and a

Give the topics for the Skit and a

brief on what would be expected.

brief on what would be expected.

Each team is assigned one topic.

Each team is assigned one topic.

Also, the group is told the day on

Also, the group is told the day on

which the skit will be enacted

which the skit will be enacted

(Day7)

(Day7)

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Day 3

Day 3

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All About Sentences ……

All About Sentences ……

The different kinds of words that make up full

The different kinds of words that make up full

sentences are known as

sentences are known as

‘parts of speech’

‘parts of speech’

These terms come up frequently in the study of

These terms come up frequently in the study of

the sentence. They fall into 8 categories. Here is

the sentence. They fall into 8 categories. Here is

a list of them and their usual definitions to jog

a list of them and their usual definitions to jog

your memory.

your memory.

A noun

A noun

names something.

names something.

Shakespeare, cloud, advertisement

Shakespeare, cloud, advertisement

A pronoun

A pronoun

takes the place of a noun.

takes the place of a noun.

you, her,I

you, her,I

A verb

A verb

expresses action or refers to an event or a

expresses action or refers to an event or a

state of being.

state of being.

is, amaze, ensure, show, seem

is, amaze, ensure, show, seem

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All About Sentences ……

All About Sentences ……

An adjective

An adjective

qualifies-tells us something about a noun or a

qualifies-tells us something about a noun or a

pronoun.

pronoun.

beautiful, angry, strange, small, deliver.

beautiful, angry, strange, small, deliver.

An adverb

An adverb

qualifies a verb an adjective or another adverb.

qualifies a verb an adjective or another adverb.

cleverly, very, usually, angrily, ago

cleverly, very, usually, angrily, ago

A preposition

A preposition

shows a relation between a word and a noun

shows a relation between a word and a noun

(or a pronoun) that follows it.

(or a pronoun) that follows it.

from, in, at, with, of, among, behind.

from, in, at, with, of, among, behind.

A conjunction

A conjunction

connects words or group of words

connects words or group of words

and, but, although,or,yet

and, but, although,or,yet

An interjection

An interjection

express emotions acts as a signal or adds

express emotions acts as a signal or adds

a conversational touch

a conversational touch

hey!wow!hello!well!oh!say!

hey!wow!hello!well!oh!say!

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All About Sentences ……

All About Sentences ……

To add a little humour, but at the same

To add a little humour, but at the same

time to get to know the right way of

time to get to know the right way of

expressing something, here is a simple

expressing something, here is a simple

conversation.

conversation.

A little boy said to his teacher ‘I ain't got no

A little boy said to his teacher ‘I ain't got no

pencil’

pencil’

The teacher corrected him at once: It’s ‘I

The teacher corrected him at once: It’s ‘I

don’t have a pencil’. ‘You don’t have a pencil.’

don’t have a pencil’. ‘You don’t have a pencil.’

‘ We don’t have any pencils.’ ‘They don’t

‘ We don’t have any pencils.’ ‘They don’t

have pencils’

have pencils’

Is that clear?

Is that clear?

‘

‘

No’ said the surprised child. “what

No’ said the surprised child. “what

happened to all

happened to all

them

them

pencils?”

pencils?”

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Verbs And Sentences ……

Verbs And Sentences ……

The verb ‘be’ takes these forms.

The verb ‘be’ takes these forms.

The Past Continuous Tense. This tense shows that the

The Past Continuous Tense. This tense shows that the

action was going on for some time in the past. It also

action was going on for some time in the past. It also

shows what was happening for a period of time before

shows what was happening for a period of time before

the action was completed.

the action was completed.

If two actions occurred at the same time, we use the past

If two actions occurred at the same time, we use the past

continuous tense to describe one of them.

continuous tense to describe one of them.

E.g : I was reading the newspaper when the

E.g : I was reading the newspaper when the

postman rang the bell.

postman rang the bell.

The continuous tense takes a helping verb to show

the tense. They are is, am, are, was, were, being.

Eg: The boys were playing when mother called them.

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Role Play --- Live

Role Play --- Live

3 Role Plays

3 Role Plays

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Home Assignment

Home Assignment

2 Assignments

2 Assignments

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ADVERBS

ADVERBS

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An Adverb is a word which

An Adverb is a word which

modifies the meaning of a

modifies the meaning of a

Verb, an Adjective or another

Verb, an Adjective or another

Adverb

Adverb

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An Adverb ……………………

An Adverb ……………………

For example :

For example :

Rahul runs

Rahul runs

quickly

quickly

--

--

quickly shows HOW (or in what

quickly shows HOW (or in what

manner)

manner)

-- quickly modifies the Verb

-- quickly modifies the Verb

runs

runs

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An Adverb ……………………

An Adverb ……………………

For example :

For example :

This a is a

This a is a

very

very

beautiful painting

beautiful painting

--

--

very shows HOW MUCH (or in what

very shows HOW MUCH (or in what

degree)

degree)

-- very modifies the Adjective

-- very modifies the Adjective

beautiful

beautiful

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An Adverb ……………………

An Adverb ……………………

For example :

For example :

Govind reads

Govind reads

quite

quite

clearly

clearly

-- quite shows HOW FAR (or to what

-- quite shows HOW FAR (or to what

extent)

extent)

-- quite modifies the Adverb

-- quite modifies the Adverb

clearly

clearly

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Kinds of Adverbs

Kinds of Adverbs

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Adverbs of Time

Adverbs of Time

…………………

…………………

Which shows when :

Which shows when :

I have heard this

I have heard this

before.

before.

We shall

We shall

now

now

begin to work.

begin to work.

He comes here

He comes here

daily.

daily.

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Adverbs of Frequency

Adverbs of Frequency

…………………

…………………

Which shows how often :

Which shows how often :

I have told you

I have told you

twice.

twice.

He

He

often

often

makes mistakes.

makes mistakes.

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Adverbs of Place …………………

Adverbs of Place …………………

Which shows where :

Which shows where :

Stand

Stand

here.

here.

He looked

He looked

up.

up.

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Adverbs of Manner

Adverbs of Manner

…………………

…………………

Which shows how or in what manner :

Which shows how or in what manner :

Rashmi reads

Rashmi reads

clearly.

clearly.

The story is

The story is

well

well

written.

written.

The boy works

The boy works

hard.

hard.

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Adverbs Of Degree ……

Adverbs Of Degree ……

Which shows how much or to what

Which shows how much or to what

extent :

extent :

He was

He was

too

too

careless.

careless.

I am

I am

fully

fully

prepared.

prepared.

I am

I am

so

so

glad.

glad.

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Adverbs of Reason

Adverbs of Reason

…………………

…………………

He

He

therefore

therefore

refused to help.

refused to help.

It was

It was

hence

hence

completed on time.

completed on time.

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Adverbs of Affirmation or

Adverbs of Affirmation or

Negation……………

Negation……………

Surely,

Surely,

you are mistaken.

you are mistaken.

I do

I do

not

not

know him.

know him.

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Role Play --- Live

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Home Assignment

Home Assignment

Do It Yourself Assignments on

Do It Yourself Assignments on

types of Adverbs

types of Adverbs

1 Assignment

1 Assignment

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VOWELS

VOWELS

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How many vowels exist and

How many vowels exist and

what are they?

what are they?

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Vowels ……

Vowels ……

A

A

E

E

I

I

O

O

U

U

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Vowels ……………………

Vowels ……………………

Lets look at words that reflect the

Lets look at words that reflect the

particular

particular

vowel ..…..

vowel ..…..

Vowel A

Vowel A

Words we use everyday :

Words we use everyday :

Name, Brain, Far, Heart, Palm, Castle,

Name, Brain, Far, Heart, Palm, Castle,

Sat, Bad

Sat, Bad

Words we would use with customers :

Words we would use with customers :

Available , Payment , Waiver , Location

Available , Payment , Waiver , Location

, Assist

, Assist

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Vowels ……………………

Vowels ……………………

Lets look at words that reflect the

Lets look at words that reflect the

particular

particular

vowel ..…..

vowel ..…..

Vowel E

Vowel E

Words we use everyday :

Words we use everyday :

Hotel, Met, Her, Birth, Said, Red,

Hotel, Met, Her, Birth, Said, Red,

Thread

Thread

Words we would use with customers :

Words we would use with customers :

Receive, Enable, Credit, Perfect,

Receive, Enable, Credit, Perfect,

Attention, Reference

Attention, Reference

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Vowels ……………………

Vowels ……………………

Lets look at words that reflect the

Lets look at words that reflect the

particular

particular

vowel ..…..

vowel ..…..

Vowel I

Vowel I

Words we use everyday :

Words we use everyday :

Mine, Side, Dye, Hire, Bid, Busy, Trim

Mine, Side, Dye, Hire, Bid, Busy, Trim

Words we would use with customers :

Words we would use with customers :

Deliver, Eligibility, Assign, Expiry, Fee

Deliver, Eligibility, Assign, Expiry, Fee

system

system

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Vowels ……………………

Vowels ……………………

Lets look at words that reflect the

Lets look at words that reflect the

particular

particular

vowel ..…..

vowel ..…..

Vowel O

Vowel O

Words we use everyday :

Words we use everyday :

More, Bore, Four, Floor, Fort, Got, Shot,

More, Bore, Four, Floor, Fort, Got, Shot,

Bought, Foot, Mood, Good, Moon, Bone

Bought, Foot, Mood, Good, Moon, Bone

Words we would use with customers :

Words we would use with customers :

Account, Problem, Wonderful, Apologize,

Account, Problem, Wonderful, Apologize,

Form, Content, Product, Would, Could

Form, Content, Product, Would, Could

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Vowels ……………………

Vowels ……………………

Lets look at words that reflect the

Lets look at words that reflect the

particular

particular

vowel ..…..

vowel ..…..

Vowel U

Vowel U

Words we use everyday :

Words we use everyday :

Pure, Run, Turn, Love, New, View

Pure, Run, Turn, Love, New, View

Words we would use with customers :

Words we would use with customers :

Update, Unable, Customer, Sure

Update, Unable, Customer, Sure

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Role Play --- Live

Role Play --- Live

2 Role Plays

2 Role Plays

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Home Assignment

Home Assignment

Do It Yourself Exercise on Vowels

Do It Yourself Exercise on Vowels

2 Assignment

2 Assignment

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Day 4

Day 4

Adjectives / Prepositions

Adjectives / Prepositions

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ADJECTIVES

ADJECTIVES

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An Adjective is a word which

An Adjective is a word which

qualifies a noun. They are

qualifies a noun. They are

picture words as they create a

picture words as they create a

certain picture in the mind.

certain picture in the mind.

In other words, adjectives

In other words, adjectives

show the property of a noun.

show the property of a noun.

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Types of Adjectives

Types of Adjectives

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Adjective of Quality

Adjective of Quality

……….

……….

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Descriptive Adjectives ……

Descriptive Adjectives ……

1.1

1.1

Of what quality

Of what quality

e.g A

e.g A

small

small

boy

boy

1.2

1.2

Of what state

Of what state

e.g A

e.g A

careful

careful

girl

girl

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Proper Adjective …………….

Proper Adjective …………….

Made with proper nouns:

Made with proper nouns:

e.g The

e.g The

English

English

language

language

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Adjectives of Quantity

Adjectives of Quantity

……….

……….

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Quantitative Adjectives

Quantitative Adjectives

…………

…………

Answer the question : how much and

Answer the question : how much and

how many

how many

Used with Countable nouns

Used with Countable nouns

e.g

e.g

much

much

water

water

little

little

rice

rice

enough

enough

money

money

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Numeral Adjectives …………

Numeral Adjectives …………

Answer the question : how much and

Answer the question : how much and

how many

how many

Used with Uncountable nouns

Used with Uncountable nouns

e.g

e.g

many

many

stars

stars

few

few

books

books

enough

enough

chances

chances

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Demonstrative Adjectives

Demonstrative Adjectives

………

………

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Demonstrative Adjectives

Demonstrative Adjectives

………

………

Answer the question “which”

Answer the question “which”

e.g

e.g

this

this

book

book

that

that

tree

tree

such

such

friends

friends

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Distributive Adjectives

Distributive Adjectives

……….

……….

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Distributive Adjectives

Distributive Adjectives

……….

……….

Show whether the noun that follows

Show whether the noun that follows

is taken singly or in separate lots.

is taken singly or in separate lots.

The four distributive adjectives are

The four distributive adjectives are

Each, Every, Either, Neither

Each, Every, Either, Neither

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Possessive Adjectives

Possessive Adjectives

……….

……….

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Possessive Adjectives

Possessive Adjectives

……….

……….

Answer the question “whose”

Answer the question “whose”

e.g

e.g

my

my

book

book

our

our

country

country

your

your

voice

voice

his

his

job

job

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Final Role Play --- Live

Final Role Play --- Live

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Home Assignment

Home Assignment

Do It Yourself Exercise on

Do It Yourself Exercise on

Adjectives

Adjectives

Two Assignments

Two Assignments

1.1 Seven Assignments to practice

1.1 Seven Assignments to practice

types of Adjectives

types of Adjectives

1.2 One Assignment as a final role

1.2 One Assignment as a final role

play

play

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PREPOSITIONS

PREPOSITIONS

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Prepositions

Prepositions

The book is the desk.

The book is the desk.

-- this statement doesn’t make any

-- this statement doesn’t make any

sense

sense

The book is

The book is

on

on

the desk – the word ON

the desk – the word ON

shows the relationship between the

shows the relationship between the

desk and the book.

desk and the book.

The book can also be

The book can also be

in

in

the desk,

the desk,

under

under

the desk or

the desk or

besides

besides

the desk.

the desk.

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Prepositions ……

Prepositions ……

All these words which show the

All these words which show the

relationship between one noun (or a

relationship between one noun (or a

word standing for a noun) and

word standing for a noun) and

another word in the sentence are

another word in the sentence are

called

called

Prepositions.

Prepositions.

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Prepositions ……

Prepositions ……

A preposition is a word placed before

A preposition is a word placed before

a noun or a noun equivalent to show

a noun or a noun equivalent to show

in what relation that noun or noun

in what relation that noun or noun

equivalent stands to something else

equivalent stands to something else

in that sentence.

in that sentence.

A preposition can be one word or a

A preposition can be one word or a

group of words.

group of words.

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Some Common Prepositions

Some Common Prepositions

……

……

At

At

To

To

Throug

Throug

h

h

Onto

Onto

Within

Within

Along

Along

By

By

For

For

Up

Up

Up to

Up to

Across

Across

Behin

Behin

d

d

On

On

Off

Off

Of

Of

In

In

Into

Into

Below

Below

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Home Assignment

Home Assignment

Do It Yourself Exercise on

Do It Yourself Exercise on

Prepositions

Prepositions

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Day 5

Day 5

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ESSAY WRITING

ESSAY WRITING

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Essay Writing

Essay Writing

Essay writing improves your skills as

Essay writing improves your skills as

a complete communicator.

a complete communicator.

It improves your writing skills, allows

It improves your writing skills, allows

scope to express better and combines

scope to express better and combines

communication skills with knowledge

communication skills with knowledge

about the subject.

about the subject.

Essays, if well written, convey a

Essays, if well written, convey a

message to the reader who looks at

message to the reader who looks at

your points of view and feels

your points of view and feels

convinced.

convinced.

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Essay Writing ……

Essay Writing ……

Special preparation needs to be done

Special preparation needs to be done

for good essay writing:

for good essay writing:

1.1 Defining The Subject : You should

1.1 Defining The Subject : You should

have a clear conception of the subject

have a clear conception of the subject

of the essay.

of the essay.

A little bit of homework before you

A little bit of homework before you

start writing goes a long way in

start writing goes a long way in

creating good ideas.

creating good ideas.

1.2 Collecting Material : For a number

1.2 Collecting Material : For a number

of topics, you need to collect more

of topics, you need to collect more

information.

information.

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Essay Writing ……

Essay Writing ……

Special preparation needs to be done for

Special preparation needs to be done for

good essay writing.

good essay writing.

1.3 Logical Arrangement : Now you can

1.3 Logical Arrangement : Now you can

decide on the line of the essay; the

decide on the line of the essay; the

logical order in which you can arrange

logical order in which you can arrange

your points you have selected. But you

your points you have selected. But you

must put them down according to some

must put them down according to some

plan.

plan.

1.4 Filling The Content : Now that you

1.4 Filling The Content : Now that you

have the outline and the way you want to

have the outline and the way you want to

write, you can start filling in the content

write, you can start filling in the content

in the logical order.

in the logical order.

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Home Assignment

Home Assignment

Do It Yourself

Do It Yourself

-- Choose your own subject and

-- Choose your own subject and

write an essay.

write an essay.

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Day 6

Day 6

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CONVERSATIONS

CONVERSATIONS

Improving your speech skills

Improving your speech skills

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Improving Speech

Improving Speech

Skills

Skills

: Listening to

: Listening to

Audio

Audio

Thrust areas of the two pieces :

Thrust areas of the two pieces :

1.1 Voice modulation

1.1 Voice modulation

1.2 Emphasis on words

1.2 Emphasis on words

1.3 Punctuations

1.3 Punctuations

1.4 Clarity and pace

1.4 Clarity and pace

1.5 Pronunciations

1.5 Pronunciations

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GROUP

GROUP

DISCUSSIONS

DISCUSSIONS

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Group Discussions

Group Discussions

Give an opportunity to each individual

Give an opportunity to each individual

in the group to put across his or her

in the group to put across his or her

points of view clearly or forcefully so

points of view clearly or forcefully so

that they may be

that they may be

accepted

accepted

and

and

appreciated

appreciated

by others.

by others.

This requires knowledge on the

This requires knowledge on the

subject and the ability to say the right

subject and the ability to say the right

things at the right time.

things at the right time.

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Group Discussions ……

Group Discussions ……

Listening is a very important part of

Listening is a very important part of

group discussions. You need to listen

group discussions. You need to listen

to others in the group and assimilate

to others in the group and assimilate

ideas.

ideas.

You learn to inculcate qualities like

You learn to inculcate qualities like

empathy for points of view of others.

empathy for points of view of others.

You learn to control your temper and

You learn to control your temper and

also learn to adapt easily.

also learn to adapt easily.

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Role Play --- Live

Role Play --- Live

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Day 7

Day 7

Skit Performance

Skit Performance

Evaluation

Evaluation

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Finally ………………….

Finally ………………….

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Some Tips To Learn English

Some Tips To Learn English

Better

Better

Read an extract from a book everyday.

Read an extract from a book everyday.

Newspaper editorials make good

Newspaper editorials make good

reading material. Read articles in

reading material. Read articles in

magazines and try to rewrite them in

magazines and try to rewrite them in

your own words.

your own words.

Use the language as often as possible,

Use the language as often as possible,

but also try and be a good listener.

but also try and be a good listener.

Listen to the news broadcast on the

Listen to the news broadcast on the

radio and also on the television. It will

radio and also on the television. It will

help you improve your pronunciation.

help you improve your pronunciation.

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Some Tips To Learn English

Some Tips To Learn English

Better ……

Better ……

Maintain a register and keep noting

Maintain a register and keep noting

down your grey areas. Go through

down your grey areas. Go through

them every week and try to correct

them every week and try to correct

your mistakes.

your mistakes.

Intonation and emphasis on the right

Intonation and emphasis on the right

word at the right time is very

word at the right time is very

important. Read aloud a passage from

important. Read aloud a passage from

a book or a poem, record it and then

a book or a poem, record it and then

correct intonation as you listen to it.

correct intonation as you listen to it.

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Some Tips To Learn English

Some Tips To Learn English

Better ……

Better ……

The dictionary should be your

The dictionary should be your

constant companion. When in doubt

constant companion. When in doubt

about the meaning or pronunciation

about the meaning or pronunciation

of a word, always refer to the

of a word, always refer to the

dictionary.

dictionary.

Note down some new words and

Note down some new words and

phrases, which you think could be

phrases, which you think could be

used in your day to day conversation,

used in your day to day conversation,

in your register.

in your register.

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Some Tips To Learn English

Some Tips To Learn English

Better ……

Better ……

Group discussions are extremely

Group discussions are extremely

important. Select a topic of your

important. Select a topic of your

choice and discuss it with a group of

choice and discuss it with a group of

friends. It will boost your confidence

friends. It will boost your confidence

and will also allow you to think of new

and will also allow you to think of new

sentences.

sentences.

Select a topic and try to speak about

Select a topic and try to speak about

it for at

it for at

least a minute in front of the mirror.

least a minute in front of the mirror.