Plant Tissues:

Plant Tissues:

Overview

Overview

Meristems, Simple Tissues,

Meristems, Simple Tissues,

& Complex Tissues

& Complex Tissues

Many of the figures found in this presentation are from the

Many of the figures found in this presentation are from the

internet site http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/images/130/ and a CD

internet site http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/images/130/ and a CD

entitled “Plant Anatomy” by Richard Crang & Andrey Vassilyev

entitled “Plant Anatomy” by Richard Crang & Andrey Vassilyev

published by McGraw Hill.

published by McGraw Hill.

Meristematic tissues –

Meristematic tissues –

localized regions of cell

localized regions of cell

division

division



Apical Meristems

Apical Meristems



Primary or Transitional Meristem

Primary or Transitional Meristem





Primary

Primary

growth

growth



Protoderm

Protoderm





gives rise to epidermis

gives rise to epidermis



Ground meristem

Ground meristem





gives rise to ground tissue

gives rise to ground tissue



Procambium

Procambium





gives rise to 1

gives rise to 1

o

o

vascular tissue

vascular tissue



Lateral Meristems

Lateral Meristems



Vascular cambium

Vascular cambium





2

2

o

o

vascular tissue

vascular tissue



Cork cambium or phellogen

Cork cambium or phellogen





periderm

periderm



Intercalary Meristems (found in the nodes of

Intercalary Meristems (found in the nodes of

grasses)

grasses)

Illustration from:
http://biology.nebrwesleyan.edu/benham/mitosis/

1. Interphase

2. Prophase

3. Metaphase

4. Anaphase

5. Telophase

6. Cytokinesis

Cell Division: Mitosis (nuclear

division) + Cytokinesis

(cytoplasmic division)

Shoot Apical Meristem

Shoot Apical Meristem

Root Apical Meristem

Root Apical Meristem

1.Root cap

initials

2.Protoder

m

3.Ground

meristem

4.Procambi

um

5.Root cap

Lateral Meristems –

Lateral Meristems –

secondary growth in woody

secondary growth in woody

plants

plants

Basswood – root in cross
section

Basswood – stem in cross
section; 1, 2, 3 year old
stems

Intercalary Meristems in

Intercalary Meristems in

Grasses

Grasses

http://www2.mcdaniel.edu/Biology/wi
ldamerica/grasslands/graslandoutline
.html

Simple Tissues – consisting

Simple Tissues – consisting

of one cell type

of one cell type



Parenchyma –

Parenchyma –

thin walled & alive at maturity;

thin walled & alive at maturity;

often multifaceted.

often multifaceted.



Collenchyma –

Collenchyma –

thick walled & alive at maturity

thick walled & alive at maturity



Sclerenchyma –

Sclerenchyma –

thick walled and dead at

thick walled and dead at

maturity

maturity



Sclerids or stone cells –

Sclerids or stone cells –

cells as long as they are wide

cells as long as they are wide



Fibers –

Fibers –

cells longer than they are wide

cells longer than they are wide



Epidermis – alive at maturity

Epidermis – alive at maturity



Trichomes – “pubescence” or hairs on epidermis

Trichomes – “pubescence” or hairs on epidermis



Root Hairs – tubular extensions of epidermal cells

Root Hairs – tubular extensions of epidermal cells

Parenchyma

Parenchyma

Collenchyma

Collenchyma

Sclerenchyma

Sclerenchyma

Right-hand illustration modified from:
Weier, Stocking & Barbour, 1974,
Botany: An Introduction to Plant
Biology, 5th Ed.

SCLERIDS

FIBERS

Epidermis –

Epidermis –

stoma, trichomes, &

stoma, trichomes, &

root hairs

root hairs

http://www.ucd.ie/botany/Steer/hair/roothairs.html

Complex Tissue

Complex Tissue



Xylem – water conducting tissue;

Xylem – water conducting tissue;

parenchyma,

parenchyma,

fibers, vessels and/or tracheids, and ray cells.

fibers, vessels and/or tracheids, and ray cells.



Phloem food conducting tissue;

Phloem food conducting tissue;

sieve-tube

sieve-tube

members (no nucleus at maturity, cytoplasm

members (no nucleus at maturity, cytoplasm

present), companion cells, fibers, parenchyma,

present), companion cells, fibers, parenchyma,

and ray cells.  In flowering plants, sieve-tube

and ray cells.  In flowering plants, sieve-tube

members and companion cells arise from the

members and companion cells arise from the

same mother cell. 

same mother cell. 



Periderm – protective covering;

Periderm – protective covering;

composed of cork

composed of cork

and parenchyma.

and parenchyma.



Secretory structures

Secretory structures

–

–

responsible for making

responsible for making

latex, resins, nectar and other substances

latex, resins, nectar and other substances

produced and stored in channels inside the plant

produced and stored in channels inside the plant

body.

body.

Xylem

Xylem

Phloem

Phloem

Vascular Bundles with xylem &

Vascular Bundles with xylem &

phloem

phloem

Maize or Corn – vein in
cross section

Alfalfa – vein in cross section

Periderm – cork &

Periderm – cork &

parenchyma

parenchyma

TWIG WITH LENTICELS

Secretory Structures

Secretory Structures



nectar (flowers) from nectaries

nectar (flowers) from nectaries



oils (peanuts, oranges, citrus) from

oils (peanuts, oranges, citrus) from

accumulation of glands and elaioplasts.

accumulation of glands and elaioplasts.



resins (conifers) from resin canals

resins (conifers) from resin canals



lacticifers (e.g., latex - milkweed, rubber

lacticifers (e.g., latex - milkweed, rubber

plants, opium poppy)

plants, opium poppy)



hydathodes (openings for secretion of water)

hydathodes (openings for secretion of water)



digestive glands of carnivorous plants

digestive glands of carnivorous plants

(enzymes)

(enzymes)



salt glands that shed salt (especial in plants

salt glands that shed salt (especial in plants

adapted to environments laden with salt).

adapted to environments laden with salt).