Egzamin pisemny z języka angielskiego dla kandydatów ubiegających się o przyjęcie na I rok studiów
Environmental Protection and Management
Za każde prawidłowe rozwiązanie zadania otrzymuje się 1 punkt.
Maksymalna ilość punktów za cały test: 50
I. Read the following text. Choose from the list A - G the best sentence to fill each of the blanks (1-5). There are two extra sentences which you do not need to use.
Next time you complain that the weather is dreadful, take comfort from the fact that it can't get any worse. Not on a global scale anyhow. According to a controversial new theory, Earth's climate is finely tuned to be as violent as possible.
No one knows why the climate should be like this. 1.......... But recent evidence suggests that it also holds true for other planets. If so, it could turn out to be a universal principle that helps us to understand the climate on Earth and other planets now, in the past, and into the future.
Earth's climate is a hugely complex system, with multiple interacting elements. Because they defy simple expression, meteorologists rely on a 'bottom up' approach to modelling the climate. 2......... The approach works - providing you toss in hundreds of 'fudge factors' to make the models fit with what we actually see happening. 3.............
But beneath this complexity is a single force: the Sun. Solar energy warms the Earth, and it does so disproportionately, heating the tropics much more than the poles. 4...........
The net effect is to transport heat from low to high latitudes.
Heat flow from the tropics to the poles is an expression of one of the fundamental rules of nature. This is the second law of thermodynamics, which states that heat always flows spontaneously from warm to cold regions - never the opposite. If you put a hot brick next to a cold one in an insulated box and wait, you will get two cool bricks.
One of the consequences of this process is the ability to do mechanical work. You could rig up a contraption to convert the heat flow from brick to brick into electricity. The same is true of Earth's climate. 5.......... They are busy lifting water to drop as rain or snow, whipping up waves and blowing sand into dunes. Wind turbines, sailing boats and hydroelectric power stations all depend on this hard work.
A. It whips up every raindrop, wave and gust of wind that it can.
B. Our atmosphere and oceans are hard at work every moment.
C. It's just an observation, and for that reason some meteorologists have dismissed it as a
D. But the second law of thermodynamics doesn't tell us how quickly the heat is transported.
E. This creates a temperature gradient which drives the climate.
F. They divide the world into boxes, model the forces on the atmosphere and oceans in each
box, then guess the overall effect.
G. Try to apply the model to a different time in Earth's history, or a different planet, and it
II. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence using the word given. Do not change the given word. Use two to five words.
1. This water is too cold to make tea.
ENOUGH
This water ............................................................................ to make tea.
2. Martin doesn't use his typewriter very often.
EVER
Hardly .................................................................. ..........................his typewriter.
3. They didn't invite either Mary or Jane to the party last week.
INVITED
Neither ...................................................................................... to the party last week.
4. I'm sure the vase was broken by the cat.
HAVE
The vase .................................................................................................... by the cat.
5. If you come across my old notebook don't throw it away, please.
SHOULD
............................................................... .........old notebook don't throw it away, please.
6. It's a pity you didn't ask us to spend this time with you.
ONLY
If .............................................................................. ............to spend this time with you.
7. It's been reported that our boss was very satisfied with his visit to Japan.
SATISFIED
Our boss has been reported ..........................................................with his visit to Japan.
8. I was going to tell you I'd be busy on Saturday, but I forgot to do it.
MEANT
I ................................................................ I'd be busy on Saturday, but I forgot to do it.
9. ' You did make a big headway'- the teacher said to the student.
MADE
The student was congratulated ................................................................... a big headway.
10. Jane let me copy her homework otherwise I would have been punished.
HADN'T
.................................................................copy her homework I would have been punished.
III. Put each verb in brackets into a suitable tense.
1. He said that by the end of the week he ............................................ / decide / what to do.
2. .................................................. /you go away / this weekend? Or ..................................... / you run out / of money.
3. ............................ / you let / me know the minute you ........................ / hear / the news ?
4. When she .............................................. / not arrive / by 8 o'clock, I knew she ........................... / miss / the train.
5. What's the matter? .............................................. / you hurt / your knee? How ................... / you do / it ?
IV. Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the word in capitals.
1. My mother has lost her / CONFIDE / ................................... in conventional medicine after many years of unsuccessful treatment.
2. Nobody has applied for the mission knowing how / HAZARD / ............................................. it will be.
3. Let's stop quarrelling about such / RELEVANT / ..................................... details. It doesn't matter what we do first.
4. / OBEY / ................................... at this school is severely punished, so remember to mind your manners.
5. Mary's command of English was / SUFFICE / ................................ to pass FCE, so she failed it.
6. The whole situation is more than / ADVANTAGE / ............................... to all the investors. Definitely, it's a chance not to miss.
7. That was the most / MEMORY / ..................................... day in my life. I'll never forget it.
8. I couldn't sleep last night; it was a very / REST / ......................... night for me.
9. I have always admired my mother's great / WISE / ........................... and experience in solving the most demanding problems.
10. Thanks to the operation her / SEE / .................. has improved considerably. She hopes that after some time she won't have to wear glasses at all.
V. Read the text below and decide which word A, B, or C best fits each space.
For many people doing physical exercise may .................../1/ a painful torturing of the body. Therefore, there's usually something we come up with that is .................../2/ bigger importance than putting one's muscles through their paces. Unless we are forced to go in for a physical training, we are .................. /3/ to treat it as something of lower .................../4/ than staying in front of the TV set, spending time in a pub ...................../5/ alcoholic beverages or consuming a lot of fattening confectionery in a cafe. We need to be considerably motivated to ..................../6/ up a body workout and build our physical fitness. What usually ....................../7/ individuals from strenuous exercise is the fear of fatigue or discomfort. However, getting fit is a ....................../8/ of common sense. Different forms of exercise may be of great ......................./9/ to the human body. increasing its strength, flexibility and endurance. When supported by an appropriate diet the better performance of the heart and the lungs improves the blood circulation making an individual more resistant to stressful situations as well as more ..................../10/ to infections and diseases.
VI. Replace the underlined verb or phrase with the correct form of a synonymous phrasal verb:
bring about, care about, keep up, give away, pick out, make out, put off, carry out, put in for, stand out.
1. Stop telling me about this competition. I'm not interested in it............................................
2. Unfortunately, our secret plans had been revealed ..........................before we managed to put them into practice.
3. The inscription in this book was written in such strange handwriting that I couldn't understand its meaning ...................................
4. Mr Brown is going to apply for .....................................the post of an accountant.
5. I'm sure you won't have any problems with recognising her. She is easily seen ......................in a large crowd because of her height.
6. Some recruits were given a harsh training for their reluctance to fulfil ................................... the corporal's orders.
7. Many a change has been caused ........................ in the climate by the global warming.
8. At first we felt like going to the concert, but it was the price of the tickets that discouraged us .............................. in the end.
9. You are supposed to select ..................... only those items which have at least two features in common.
10. One of the horses wasn't strong enough to maintain ................................ the swift pace and dropped back after the third lap.
I. Read the following text. Choose from the list A - G the best sentence to fill each of the blanks (1-5). There are two extra sentences which you do not need to use.
Next time you complain that the weather is dreadful, take comfort from the fact that it can't get any worse. Not on a global scale anyhow. According to a controversial new theory, Earth's climate is finely tuned to be as violent as possible.
No one knows why the climate should be like this. 1.......... But recent evidence suggests that it also holds true for other planets. If so, it could turn out to be a universal principle that helps us to understand the climate on Earth and other planets now, in the past, and into the future.
Earth's climate is a hugely complex system, with multiple interacting elements. Because they defy simple expression, meteorologists rely on a 'bottom up' approach to modelling the climate. 2......... The approach works - providing you toss in hundreds of 'fudge factors' to make the models fit with what we actually see happening. 3.............
But beneath this complexity is a single force: the Sun. Solar energy warms the Earth, and it does so disproportionately, heating the tropics much more than the poles. 4...........
The net effect is to transport heat from low to high latitudes.
Heat flow from the tropics to the poles is an expression of one of the fundamental rules of nature. This is the second law of thermodynamics, which states that heat always flows spontaneously from warm to cold regions - never the opposite. If you put a hot brick next to a cold one in an insulated box and wait, you will get two cool bricks.
One of the consequences of this process is the ability to do mechanical work. You could rig up a contraption to convert the heat flow from brick to brick into electricity. The same is true of Earth's climate. 5.......... They are busy lifting water to drop as rain or snow, whipping up waves and blowing sand into dunes. Wind turbines, sailing boats and hydroelectric power stations all depend on this hard work.
A. It whips up every raindrop, wave and gust of wind that it can.
B. Our atmosphere and oceans are hard at work every moment.
C. It's just an observation, and for that reason some meteorologists have dismissed it as a
D. But the second law of thermodynamics doesn't tell us how quickly the heat is transported.
E. This creates a temperature gradient which drives the climate.
F. They divide the world into boxes, model the forces on the atmosphere and oceans in each
box, then guess the overall effect.
G. Try to apply the model to a different time in Earth's history, or a different planet, and it
II. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence using the word given. Do not change the given word. Use two to five words.
1. This water is too cold to make tea.
ENOUGH
This water ............................................................................ to make tea.
2. Martin doesn't use his typewriter very often.
EVER
Hardly .................................................................. ..........................his typewriter.
3. They didn't invite either Mary or Jane to the party last week.
INVITED
Neither ...................................................................................... to the party last week.
4. I'm sure the vase was broken by the cat.
HAVE
The vase .................................................................................................... by the cat.
5. If you come across my old notebook don't throw it away, please.
SHOULD
............................................................... .........old notebook don't throw it away, please.
6. It's a pity you didn't ask us to spend this time with you.
ONLY
If .............................................................................. ............to spend this time with you.
7. It's been reported that our boss was very satisfied with his visit to Japan.
SATISFIED
Our boss has been reported ..........................................................with his visit to Japan.
8. I was going to tell you I'd be busy on Saturday, but I forgot to do it.
MEANT
I ................................................................ I'd be busy on Saturday, but I forgot to do it.
9. ' You did make a big headway'- the teacher said to the student.
MADE
The student was congratulated ................................................................... a big headway.
10. Jane let me copy her homework otherwise I would have been punished.
HADN'T
.................................................................copy her homework I would have been punished.
III. Put each verb in brackets into a suitable tense.
1. He said that by the end of the week he ............................................ / decide / what to do.
2. .................................................. /you go away / this weekend? Or ..................................... / you run out / of money.
3. ............................ / you let / me know the minute you ........................ / hear / the news ?
4. When she .............................................. / not arrive / by 8 o'clock, I knew she ........................... / miss / the train.
5. What's the matter? .............................................. / you hurt / your knee? How ................... / you do / it ?
IV. Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the word in capitals.
1. My mother has lost her / CONFIDE / ................................... in conventional medicine after many years of unsuccessful treatment.
2. Nobody has applied for the mission knowing how / HAZARD / ............................................. it will be.
3. Let's stop quarrelling about such / RELEVANT / ..................................... details. It doesn't matter what we do first.
4. / OBEY / ................................... at this school is severely punished, so remember to mind your manners.
5. Mary's command of English was / SUFFICE / ................................ to pass FCE, so she failed it.
6. The whole situation is more than / ADVANTAGE / ............................... to all the investors. Definitely, it's a chance not to miss.
7. That was the most / MEMORY / ..................................... day in my life. I'll never forget it.
8. I couldn't sleep last night; it was a very / REST / ......................... night for me.
9. I have always admired my mother's great / WISE / ........................... and experience in solving the most demanding problems.
10. Thanks to the operation her / SEE / .................. has improved considerably. She hopes that after some time she won't have to wear glasses at all.
V. Read the text below and decide which word A, B, or C best fits each space.
For many people doing physical exercise may .................../1/ a painful torturing of the body. Therefore, there's usually something we come up with that is .................../2/ bigger importance than putting one's muscles through their paces. Unless we are forced to go in for a physical training, we are .................. /3/ to treat it as something of lower .................../4/ than staying in front of the TV set, spending time in a pub ...................../5/ alcoholic beverages or consuming a lot of fattening confectionery in a cafe. We need to be considerably motivated to ..................../6/ up a body workout and build our physical fitness. What usually ....................../7/ individuals from strenuous exercise is the fear of fatigue or discomfort. However, getting fit is a ....................../8/ of common sense. Different forms of exercise may be of great ......................./9/ to the human body. increasing its strength, flexibility and endurance. When supported by an appropriate diet the better performance of the heart and the lungs improves the blood circulation making an individual more resistant to stressful situations as well as more ..................../10/ to infections and diseases.
VI. Replace the underlined verb or phrase with the correct form of a synonymous phrasal verb:
bring about, care about, keep up, give away, pick out, make out, put off, carry out, put in for, stand out.
1. Stop telling me about this competition. I'm not interested in it............................................
2. Unfortunately, our secret plans had been revealed ..........................before we managed to put them into practice.
3. The inscription in this book was written in such strange handwriting that I couldn't understand its meaning ...................................
4. Mr Brown is going to apply for .....................................the post of an accountant.
5. I'm sure you won't have any problems with recognising her. She is easily seen ......................in a large crowd because of her height.
6. Some recruits were given a harsh training for their reluctance to fulfil ................................... the corporal's orders.
7. Many a change has been caused ........................ in the climate by the global warming.
8. At first we felt like going to the concert, but it was the price of the tickets that discouraged us .............................. in the end.
9. You are supposed to select ..................... only those items which have at least two features in common.
10. One of the horses wasn't strong enough to maintain ................................ the swift pace and dropped back after the third lap.
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