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Robert Daly/Getty Images
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UPI-Bettmann/Corbis
Eugen Bleuler (1857-1939), a Swiss psychiatrist, introduced the term schizophrenia and was a pioneer in the field.
Figure 12.1 Major areas of functioning of the cerebral cortex. In most people, only the left hemisphere is specialized for language.
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LWA-Dan Tardiff/Corbis
Negative symptoms of schizophrenia include social withdrawal and apathy.
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Michael Newman/PhotoEdit
Homeless people who suffer from paranoid schizophrenia often bear the additional burden of persecutory delusions, which interfere with outside efforts to help.
Figure 12.2 The natural history of schizophrenia: a 5-year follow-up. (From “The Natural History of Schizophrenia: A Five-Year Follow-Up Study of Outcome and Prediction in a Representative Sample of Schizophrenia,” by M. Shepherd, D. Watt, I.Falloon, & Smeeton, 1989, Psychological Medicine, 46 (Suppl. 15). Copyright © 1989 by Cambridge University Press. Reprinted with the permission of Cambridge University Press.)
Figure 12.3 Risk of developing schizophrenia. (Based on Gottesman, 1991.)
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Dr. Allan F. Mirsky/National Institute of Mental Health
The Genain quadruplets all had schizophrenia but exhibited different symptoms over the years.
Figure 12.4 Risk for schizophrenia among children of twins.
Figure 12.5 Abnormal smooth-pursuit eye movements and schizophrenia. (From“Schizophrenia, V: Risk Markers,” by G. K. Thaker and M. Avila, American Journal of Psychiatry, 160, 1578. Copyright © 2003 by American Psychiatric Association. Adapted with permission.)
Figure 12.6 Some ways drugs affect neurotransmission.
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Dr. Dean F. Wong, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
These PET images show the brain of a man with schizophrenia who had never been medicated (left) and after he received haloperidol (right). The red and yellow areas indicate activity in the D2 receptors; haloperidol evidently reduced dopamine activity.
Figure 12.7 Location of the cerebrospinal fluid in the human brain. This extracellular fluid surrounds and cushions the brain and spinal cord. It also fills the four interconnected cavities (cerebral ventricles) within the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord.
Figure 12.8 Cultural differences in expressed emotion (EE).
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The Surgeon by Jan Sanders Van Hemessen/Superstock
An early 16th-century painting of psychosurgery, in which part of the brain is removed to treat mental illness.
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Ghislain & Marie David de Lossy/Getty Images
Family members of persons with schizophrenia are also seriously impacted by the disorder. Here a mother comforts her daughter who has just returned from a psychiatric facility, but also worries about the future.
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