Technical English Level 3

Progress Test 3 (Units 5-6)

Answer all the questions.

Section 1: Vocabulary

1 Choose the correct option (a-j)

1 The aircraft __________ the same speed for 12 hours.

a) regained b) maintained c) departed d) returned

2 We could change the whole system. __________ we could just modify the problem part.

a) alternatively b) anyway c) by the way d) for instance

3 Our __________ of energy has reduced by 10% this year.

a) installation b) insertion c) removal d) consumption

4 Oxygen is __________ from the air and introduced into the boiler.

a) departed b) recycled c) separated d) moved

5 I think we should have a(n) __________ warning, like a flashing light on the dashboard.

a) audible b) visible c) tactile d) corrective

6 Before going on a long journey, drivers should __________ up the fluid levels in their vehicles.

a) top b) refill c) replace d) inspect

7 If the brakes feel __________, then air may have entered the brake lines.

a) noisy b) tactile c) spongy d) heavy

8 The report must be in __________ 5pm tomorrow.

a) no later than b) by the time c) the last date d) the deadline

9 I can't go __________ that. I totally disagree.

a) along b) over c) away with d) along with

10 The negative electrical __________ from the electrodes causes the polluting particle to be attracted to the collection plate.

a) pressure b) presences c) reaction d) charge 2 Complete the sentence with a word formed from the word in capitals at the end.

11 The __________ of too much water cased the concrete flaws. ADD

12 The __________ of the building took place over 200 years ago. CONSTRUCT

13 We need to improve our __________ targets this year. RECYCLE

14 The __________ of the polluted particles to the collection plate removes them from the process. ATTRACT

15 __________ of pulverised coal happens when the barrel rotates. PURIFY

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Section 2: Language

3 Complete the article using ONLY ONE WORD for each answer.

Travelling by plane these days is subject to many regulations (16) __________ to increased security alerts over the past few years. At most airports you (17 __________ to go through vigorous security checks. For example, you (18) __________ take off your coats, shoes, belts and empty your pockets. Passengers are no longer allowed to take bottles of liquids onto planes although there are some exceptions such as small doses of medication, eye drops or baby formula. However, in the case of medication, some airlines will (19) __________ let you do this if you have a medical certificate from a doctor. Don't ever start you trip (20) __________ checking the rules with your airline, (21) __________ of the variation between companies. The airline will be (22) __________ to tell you exactly what you can and can't take on board with you. At some airports you cannot fly (23) __________ you have had a full body scan. However these body scanners are rather controversial and, as a (24) __________, many passengers are refusing to be scanned. If you want to fly, you (25) __________ have to undergo an enhanced body pat-down by a security official.

4 Write the second sentence so that it is similar in meaning to the first sentence. Use the word given without changing it. Use NO MORE THAN FIVE WORDS.

26 Don't walk here before putting on a hard hat.

UNTIL

Don't walk here ________________________________________________a hard hat.

27 It's not necessary to install the equipment today.

NEED

The equipment ________________________________________________ today.

28 It's essential to check the brake lines every 15,000 Km.

HAVE

The brake lines ________________________________________________ every 15,000Km

29 Put anti-freeze in your radiator before every winter.

SHOULD

Anti- freeze ________________________________________________in the radiator before every winter.

30 These chemicals should not be handled without wearing protective gloves.

ONLY

You should ________________________________________________ you are wearing protective gloves.

Section 3: Reading

5 The sentences a-k are missing from the text below. Write the correct letter to complete the text. There is one EXTRA sentences you do not need

a) As a result, there are now several geothermal power plants around the world today, most of them in the US.

b) Probably because initially the costs are very high, as drilling may have to go as deep as 4 km.

c) Over time, water seeps down through cracks in the crust and, when it hits the molten rock, heats up to very high temperatures.

d) After passing through the turbine, the steam is cooled in a condenser.

e) Most notably, these include the Romans, the Chinese and the Native Americans.

f) Seven years later a power plant was built in the same location.

g) It then enters a tank where the reduced pressure causes the water to boil rapidly and become vapour.

h) This system is preferred because it improves the efficiency of the turbine and reduces environmental problems which can be caused from the direct release of steam into the atmosphere.

i) This eliminates pollution and will probably become the most common type of plant in the future.

j) The well must be sunk deep enough to reach subterranean rocks at a temperature higher than the boiling point of water.

k) The binary liquid then condenses back to its liquid state and is used again.

GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANTS

The upper layer of the Earth, known as the crust, floats on a huge pool of liquid rock, called the mantle. (31) ________ Pressure builds and the steam and extremely hot water, rise to the surface in the form of volcanoes, hot springs and geysers. In fact, since ancient times the power of the mineral hot springs have been harnessed for bathing and heating dwellings. (32) ________

Once again, this wonderfully renewable and seemingly inexhaustible source of energy has been put under the microscope, as fossil fuels are running out. (33) ________ However, the very first geothermal generator was built in Italy in 1904, when Prince Piero Conti used a direct steam power generator to light a few light bulbs in his house. (34) ________ All geothermal power plants have the same components as traditional power plants: turbines, generator, heat exchangers and so on. There are three main common types of power plant in current use.

Dry Steam Plants

Dry steam reservoirs use the water in the earth's crust which has been heated by the mantle and emerges as steam through vents. Production wells are drilled down to the aquifer and the superheated, pressurised steam (180°-350°C) is brought to the surface at high speeds, and passed through a steam turbine to generate electricity. In simple power plants, the steam output from the turbine goes straight into the atmosphere, but it is better and more usual to pass the steam through a condenser to convert it to water. (35) ________ This is because the steam can carry small amounts of minerals, which can make it very corrosive to the turbine and can pollute the air. The wastewater is then injected back into the ground. The largest direct steam power plant today is the Geysers, located north of San Francisco.

Flash Steam Power Plants

Flash technology, which was invented in New Zealand, currently provides the most common type of geothermal power plant, since most reservoirs are hot water reservoirs. (36) ________ This hot water, usually between 148ºC and 371ºC, filters through the rocks where it becomes heated and rises back up through the nearby production well. (37) ________ The remaining water in the flash tank is returned to the groundwater pump to be forced down into the earth again. The vapour from the flash tank drives a steam turbine, which in turn drives an electric generator. (38) ________ This returns the water vapour to the liquid state, and this liquid is forced by the groundwater pump back down into the earth along with the diverted water from the flash tank.

Binary power plants

Binary cycle power plants use a two-step process to extract power from geothermal water that is not hot enough (121ºC-182ºC) to produce the steam to spin a turbine by itself. The hot water is fed into a heat exchanger. The heat from the water is absorbed by another liquid such as isopentane, butane or pentane hydrocarbon (binary liquids) which boil at a lower temperature. The resulting steam drives the turbines, producing electricity. (39) ________ This kind of power plant virtually eliminates pollution.

So why aren't all governments using this kind of power plant? (40) ________ However, these plants have the potential to be the cheapest and most consistent source of renewable energy. Geothermal energy is distributed quite well throughout the world and can produce power 24 hours a day, unlike solar or wind power which is dependent on the climate.

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Section 4: Writing

6 Use the table below to write a set of instructions for putting motorbikes into winter storage. There are two marks per item.

PREPARATION	ACTION	POSSIBLE PROBLEM	CAUSE OF PROBLEM
(41/42) LOCATION	keep away from windows	fading paint	ultraviolet light
(43/44) OIL	change	metal damage	acid build up
(45/46) CYLINDER	rub with oil	rust	lack of oil on walls
(47/48) BATTERY	remove	loses charge	small current drain even when engine off
(49/50) TYRES	lift off floor	cracking	freezing temperatures

41/42 _________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

43/44 _________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

45/46 __________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________47/48 _________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

49/50 ___________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

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Section 5: Listening

Track 3

7 Listen to the recording twice and write and complete the notes with NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS.

Warning systems for vehicles.

Could use infra-red sensors under (51) ____________________.

Cameras inside (52) ____________________ might be better.

Sound of (53) ____________________could warn drivers.

Drivers tend not to like the (54) ____________________of a SatNav

The woman thinks real world (55) ____________________would be best.

Eg: (56) ____________________could tighten when there's a problem.

Drivers might take excessive (57) ____________________eg, braking too hard.

Could use gentle feedback eg vibration on (58) ____________________

(59) ____________________on people's reactions to safety devices already done

60) Tom thinks safety devices keep drivers more responsible and (60) ____________________.

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