DIALECT – (all aspects except pronunciation) - a variety of a language that is distinguished from other varieties of the same language by features of phonology, grammar, and vocabulary, and by its use by a group of speakers who are set off from others geographically or socially.
IDIOLECT – a person's individual speech pattern; the way in which particular person speaks.
ACCENT – (pronunciation) a mode of pronunciation, as pitch or tone, emphasis pattern, or intonation, characteristic of or peculiar to the speech of a particular person, group, or locality: French accent, Southern accent.
STANDARD ENGLISH – the English language in its most widely accepted form, as written and spoken by educated people in both formal and informal contexts, having universal currency while incorporating regional differences.
RECEIVED PRONUNCIATION – the pronunciation of British English considered to have the widest geographical distribution and the fewest regional peculiarities, originally the pronunciation of educated speakers in southern England and traditionally that used in the public schools and at Oxford and Cambridge universities, adopted by many speakers elsewhere in England and widely used in broadcasting.
JARGON – the language, esp. the vocabulary, peculiar to a particular trade, profession, or group: medical jargon.
The language used by people who work in a particular area or who have a common interest. Much like slang, it can develop as a kind of short-hand, to express ideas that are frequently discussed between members of a group, though it can also be developed deliberately using chosen terms.
REGISTER – a variety of language typically used in a specific type of communicative setting: an informal register; the register of scientific discourse.
SLANG – very informal usage in vocabulary and idiom that is characteristically more metaphorical, playful, vivid, and short-lived than ordinary language.
COLOQUIAL – characteristic of or appropriate to ordinary or familiar conversation rather than formal speech or writing; informal.
PIDGIN – (contact language – not many words and grammar rules) - an auxiliary language that has come into existence through the attempts by the speakers of two different languages to communicate and that is primarily a simplified form of one of the languages
CREOLE – (language of children whose parents used pidgin) - a creolized language; a pidgin that has become the native language of a speech community.