1.Native literature was SPOKEN, SUNG, because tribal cultures had no written form of literature.
2.Why was native literature quite diverse (reasons)..........
3. Typical main
characters in American Native Literature may be
-INSEPARABLE
FROM MUSIC & DANCE
-AM IND LANG –DIFFERENT FROM EN IN GRAMMAR, VOC, & SYNTAX – LITERAL WORD-FOR-WORD TRANSL INTO ENG IS USUALLY INCOMPREHENSIBLE TO NON-INDIAN.
-RHYTHMIC REPETITION, LINKED TO’ RHYTHMIC THOUGHTS’
PAIRING OF WORDS, COLORS, ANIMALS & EXPRESSIONS
IN TRANSLATIONS – GENERAL EFFECT, THE SPIRIT.
-THE HYPNOTIC QUALITY OF CAREFULLY CHOSEN WORDS, USED CONSCIOUSLY IN F.E. MAGIC FORMULA
-POEMS ARE LIKE VIGNETTES RESEMBLING THE BEST JAPANESE HAIKU, COMPLETE
4.What is characteristic of autobiographical native narratives (different form a typical form, 2 characteristics): COUP TALES; INFORMAL AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL TALES; SELF-EXAMINATIONS; EDUCATIONAL NARRATIVES; STORIES OF QUEST & POWER.
5.Trickster figure is a combination of LIAR & PROPHET, CHEAT & HERO (IKTOMO SPIDER MAN – CAN CHANGE BETWEEN HUMAN & SPIDER, & SPEAK ANY LANG). GOES FROM TRIBE TO TRIBE & WARNS THAT WHITES WILL BRING 4 THINGS: SICKNESS, HATE, PREJUDICE, PITILESS. HUMANS CHANGE INTO ANIMALS & VICE VERSA. ANIMAL TALK.
6.Indians had a gift of employing various sounds produced by SURROUNDING NATURE, ANIMALS, WIND, WATER, STORM ETC
7.Describe the Puritans' style of writing and explain why they used such a style? PLAIN, INSTRUCTIVE, CLEAR STYLE. PURITAIN LITERATUE WAS NOT TO ENTERTAIN BUT TO EDUCATE.
8.Who gave the historical account of Jamestown settlement? Can the writer be fully trusted?JOHN SMITH. NO, HE HAS OVERLY VIVID IMAGINATION, MIXING FACTS AND FANTASY, EMBROIDERED HIS ADVENTURES
9.The book that was a must at every Puritan home was BIBLE
Puritans wanted education to UNDERSTAND AND EXECUTE GOD'S WILL
Explain the meaning of the word ''wilderness'' for puritans. IT IS HUMAN CONDITION, A PLACE OF UNCONTROLLED LUSTS, DISORDER, AND DISHARMONY, DARKNESS, THE HOME OF SATAN, WITCHES AND BLACK PRIESTS.
Name the
authors and compare the content of Plymouth plantation and london
diaries. WILLIAM BRADFORD. PLYMOUTH
PLANTATION: BEGUN AS A PERSONAL JOURNAL OF HIS OWN AFFAIRS AND THOSE
OF THE COLONY, SUMMING UP THE COLONY HISTORY.
WILLIAM BYRD
LONDON DIARIES – FANCY DINNERS, GLITTERING PARTIES, WOMANIZING,
WITH LITTLE INTROSPECTIVE SOUL-SEARCHING
Olaudah Equiano (Gustavus Vassa) was the first black in America to write AUTOBIOGRAPHY
The Puritanns had the tendency of interpreting things and events as GOD'S PUNISHEMENT.
The two finest poets of Colonial Period, called also metaphysical poets were ANNE BRADSTREET, EDWARD TAYLOR
In the new England Primer the alphabet was introduced THROUGH A SERIES OF RHYMES in order to offer MORAL AND RELIGIOUS INSTRUCTION
Name 4 characteristics of romanticism
Washington Irving's story Rip Van Winkle was based on GERMAN FOLKS TALES
Washington Irving vs james fennimore cooper. Whey did they look for literary inspiration? IRVING – SEARCHED EUROPE, LOOKING FOR THEMES, HE IMPORTED AND ADAPTED EUROPEAN LEGENDS CULTURE AND HISTORY COOPER – GRASPED THE ESSENTIAL MYTH OF AMERICA, THE WILDERNESS, AND CREATED DISTINCTIVE AMERICAN CHARACTERS AND THEMES
Poe's most celebrated poem is THE RAVEN This poem brought him national fame.
Emerson called poe a ''jinglin man'' because POE FOCUSED UPON THE POETIC SOUNDS RATHER THAN MEANING OF HIS POETRY
Describe Poe's contribution to literary theory stated in ''how I wrote the raven'' POET AS A MAKER, EVERY EFFECT IS PLANNED, POETRY IS NOT SPONTANEOUS, IT IS STRATEGIC, THERE ARE NO ACCIDENTS, NO EFECT OF INSPIRATION
Accordin to Poe, the chief aim of the story-writer should be to create AN EFFECT in the reader's mind and feelings.
Hawthorne's stories often begin with the the idea of GUILT OR PRIDE, OR INTOLERANCE, AND HE MOVES FROM THERE INTO COMPLEX PERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS INTO THE SECRET MYSTERIES OF A HUMAN HEART
letter A – its symbolic meaning are ADULTERY, ABLE, ANGEL, ART
Captain Ahab is the main protagonist of MOBY DICK written by HERMAN MELVILLE Describe Ahab's appearance and character. HAS IRON(WOODEN) LEG, A TOKEN OF HIS LAST ENCOUNTER WITH THE LEGENDARY WHITE WHALE, MOBY DICK, HE IS BENT ON REVENGE WITH OUTSIDE AMBITIONS, DEDICATED TO THE CAUSE, DETERMINED “MONKEY ROPE BONDS”
The role of Griswold and Baudeline in Poe's reputation. Explain. RUFUS WILMOT GRINSWOLD- WROTE A LONG OBITUARY WHICH APPEARED IN THE NEW YORK TRIBUNE, A MEMORIAL ARTICLE SIGNED BY “LUDWIG”. DEPICTED POE AS A DRUNK, DRUG-ADDICT MADMAN. ‘REWROTE’ SOME OF POE’S LETTERS AND PROBABLY FORGED OTHERS ENTIRELY; AUDELAIRE EXPOSED POE’S CAUSE, TRANSLATED HIS WRITINGS AND WROTE MEMORABLE ESSAY ON HIM. POE BECAME A MAJOR INFLUENCE IN FRENCH LITERATURE.
Mirrors. What were they in Hawthorne's works A KIND OF WINDOW TO SPIRITUAL WORLD-LOOKING GLASSESM, BURNISHED SHIELDS, COPPER POTS, FOUNTAINS, LAKE’S POOLS, ANYTHING THAT COULD REFLECT THE HUMAN FORM
Natty Bumppo appears in LEATHERSTOCKING TALES written by JAMES FENIMORE COOPER Describe his character. HE HAS DIFFICULTY IN SETTLEING IN CIVILISEDMUNITY, A PECEFULL MAN ADOPTED BY INDIAN TRIBE, LOVES NAURE AND FREEDOM, PURE WITH ETHICAL VALUES
American
writers before civil war were generally FROM ARISTOCRACY,
WELL EDUCATED, EAST COAST
American
writers after civil war were mainly
MIDDLE CLASS, SOUTH AND WEST, NOT WELL EDUCATED
Explain Whitman bond with the reader. Give examples. WE BOND WITH THEMES OF HIS POEMS AND HE FUSES WITH INDIVIDUALISM AND GROUPS OF PEOPLE, HE IS BECOMING THEM, HE IS LOOKING FROM THEIR POINT OF VIEW.
According to Whitman, the body is equal to the SOUL.
Explain
whitman's Lists EVERYTHING
IS WRITTEN IN STACCATO FASHION hovering
accent HE
PUTS EMPHASIS ON WORD OR GROUP OF WORDS.
what historical event
influenced writing Whitman's poem ''when lilacs last in the
dooryyard bllom'd? ASSASINATION OF LINCOLN
How do you carry whitman with you now? Where is he? HE IS STILL WITH US UNDER OUR BOOT-SOLES, AS WE TAKE OUR LEAVE.
Harriet Beecher stowe is widely known for only one book UNCLE TOM'S CABIN, which craeted national and international feeling on the SLAVERY issue, ''making a big war''.
Explain
two types of realism, and give the name of one writer for
each
a)RETICENT
REALISM: SHOWING MATTERS TRUTHFULLY BUT WITHOUT DRASTIC SCENES (LIKE
MURDER). W.HOWELL
b)PSYCHOLOGICAL
REALISM: INTERESTED IN PASSIONS EMOTIONS, DECISIONS MADE BY HUMANS,
MENTAL AND EMOTIONAL TRAPS. H.JAMES
Howell's famous analogy in 1891 collection of ''elistor's study'' is about TRUE AND HONEST IN FICTION. HE DISCARDS OLD HEROIC AND IDEAL.
Local colour or
regional literature is a literature that focuses
on:
a)CUSTOMS
b)DIALECT
c)OTHER
FEATURES
d)TOPOGRAPHY
how was The Awakening received by critics and readers of the 1890? Why? BADLY RECEIVED, BANNED IN CERTAIN PLACES. IT SHOWED WOMAN WHO SEEKS SEXUAL AND PROFESSIONAL INDEPENDENCE- THIS MADE IT CONTROVERSIAL
SINCLAIR LEWIS was the first American to be awarded Nobel Prize for literature in 1930
the Jungle – who wrote it and what is it about? UPTON SINCLAIR, IMMIGRANTS WORKING IN CHICAGO STOCK YARDS( UNDERGO SERIES OF HORROS AND TRAGEDIES). –PROPAGANDA
Name two
differences between Realism and naturalism INTERESTS
AND ASPIRATION OF MIDDLE CLASS VS. AMORAL WORLD OF LOW (LOW MIDDLE)
CLASS
REALISTIC NOVELS, NO DRAMATIC OR SENSATIONAL ELEMENTS VS.
FACING BRUTAL AND DIGUSTING ASPECTS .
the wound dresser is a poem written by WALT WHITMAN and is a moving poem about the carnage of CIVIL war.
Crane may be defined not only as a naturalist, but also as an impressionist, because VIVID, STUNNING, DISORIENTING COLOURS HEAVILY AFFECTING OUR SENSES, CLARITY OF HIS VISION, THE HUMAN MORAL CONCEPTUAL LINES TEND TO DISAPPER.
''calamus'' and ''children of adam'' deal with Whitman's MALE friendship, and bacause of this, many readers were offended.
Whitman's do it yourself project is LEAVE OF GRASS, because he wrote it, printed it, disttributed and wrote even some reviews about it.
He is a long sufferring slave and may be seen as a negative character, conformist, 'don't rock the boat'', ''sucking up person'' – TOM FROM UNCLE TOM CABIN.
List four topics
of the adventures of Huckelberry Finn
CHILDHOOD, FREEDOM,
SLAVERY, RITES OF PASSAGE
local color or regional literature is LITERATURE IN WHICH AUTHORS FOCUS ON DESCRIBING TOPOGRAPHY, CUSTOMS, CHARACTERS FROM A PARTICULAR REGIONS. READERS WANTED TO KNOW WHAT WAS HAPPENING AROUND THEM, SO PARTICULAR WRITER WAS A SPECIALST IN PARTICULAR REGION EG. CHOPIN- LOUISIANA
the founder of naturalism in fiction was EMIL ZOLA, who wrote about family Rougon-Macquart, tracing a case of syphilis through several genarations. Kate Chopin read his works.
According to Crane, nature is INDIFFERENT to the plight of man.
Characters are, according to the naturalists, conditioned and controlled by: INSTINCT, ENVIRONMENT, HEREDITY, CHANCE
the setting of naturalistic novels is usually URBAN CITIES and the characters come frome the LOWER MIDDLE OR LOWER class
JACK LONDON used a dog or a wolf as a protagonist.
Sister Carrie is a novel written by T. DREISER. Who is the main protagonist in the novel? WOMAN FROM A SMALL TOWN. SHE CAMES FROM THE SMALL TOWN, MOVED TO THE CHICAGO THEN TO THE NY. SHE IS EXPLOITED BY MAEN, HOWEVER AT THE SAME TIME SHE EXPLOITS THEM IN ORDER TO GAIN THE POSITION OF A RECOGNISIBLE ACTRESS. THE AUTHOR DO NOT CONDEMNED HIS HEROIN FOR HER WRONG ACTIONS AND DEEDS.
Frost wrote about the beauty and loveliness, but also the isolation, harshness, and anxiety that NEW ENGLAND farmers had to endure.
Gathering
leaves- who wrote it, describe content.
ROBERT FROST. LIFE
IS LIKE A LEAVES- THIN, FRAGILE, WHEN ITS FALL THEY ARE FALLING
DOWN. THIS SYMBOLISES FUTILITY. EVERYTHING PASSES AWAY.
Name two poets of transition S. TEASDALE; E. WYLIE
vigniette- IT'S A SHORT SCENE THAT PRESENTS MOVEMENT IN A SHORT TIME, VERY COLOURUL AND VIVID.
Richard cory –
who wrote it, describe content.
ROBINSON. R.C IS VERY
SUCCESFULL MAN, VERY RICH ETC, EVERY BODY WANTED TO BE LIKE HIM. BUT
NOBODY KNOWS THAT HIS SUCCESS IS HIS FAILURE. HE SHOOTS HIMSELF IN
THE HEAD. NOBODY REALISES THAT EVEN THOUGH HE IS SO SUCCESFULL HE IS
UNHAPPY AND BROKEN INSIDE.
The best known poem of C. Sandburg is titled CHICAGO
vachel Lindsay was blending MUSIC AND PERFORMANCE(DANCE) during his poetry reading
He was cosmopolitan, international, urbane, polyglot, elitist, a poet and a critic. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1947. T.C ELIOT. Give the title of poem that consited a mixture of referenes, allusions, and quotations from earlier texts...........
two of the main features of modernist writing are experimentation and anti-realism. Expalain them
give the name of the author LEE MASTERS and list 3 flaws of Spoon River Anthology.
TOO LONG, LONGER THAN ACTUALLY NEEDED
SAME OF THE HEADSTONES ARE REPEATED
GRAVEYARD IS OVERPOPULATED