HOW TO BUILD

SOLID-STATE

ELECTRICAL

OVER-UNITY

DEVICES

REV. 2.0a

William Alek

INTALEK, INC.

3506-43rd. Place

Highland, IN

46322

CONTACT INFO:

PHONE: [phone]

EMAIL: [e-mail]

(c) INTALEK, INC., 2002

(c) INTALEK, INC., 2002

2

(c) INTALEK, INC., 2002

3

ABSTRACT

Electrical coil-based devices that use Free Energy or
Over-Unity effects require a unique understanding
when determining their "correct" operation.

These devices can be placed into three unique
categories. The first category are classic coils that
use ferromagnetic (iron alloy) core material. These
devices typically have a COP (Coefficient Of
Performance) less than unity. The second category
are coils that use ferromagnetic cores and opposing
and/or orthogonal magnetic fields applied by
permanent magnets (pms). These devices typically
have a COP close to, but NOT greater than unity.
The third category are coils that use ferromagnetic
cores and/or pms in a special configuration, and
have unique operating requirements. These devices
have a COP greater than unity.

The purpose of this paper is to present the "hidden"
mechanism that is at work in these devices which
causes them to produce excess electrical energy.

(c) INTALEK, INC., 2002

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THE DEFINITION OF COP

Coil-Based

Device

E

IN

E

OUT

The Coefficient Of Performance, or COP, is a unit-
less number, and is expressed as a ratio of the
energy out divided by the energy in.

COP =

E

OUT

E

IN

µ

o

H

µ

o

H

+

-

S

N

FERROMAGNETIC

DOMAIN

A ferromagnetic domain of iron alloy core materials
can be modeled as an ideal "unity-gain" solenoid.
The key words here are unity-gain, meaning that the
domains are in electromagnetic equilibrium with the
thermal environment. External coils can mutually
couple to these domains, thereby increasing its'
inductance, and as a consequence, its' energy.

or

SOLENOID

MODEL

THE POTENTIAL

DIFFERENCE IS

BOUND WITHIN

THE DOMAIN

S

N

B

B

A

I

FERROMAGNETIC DOMAINS

COP =

P

IN

dt

∫

∫

P

OUT

dt

THE MAGNETIC

AXIS CAN PIVOT

OR ROTATE

ORTHOGONAL MAGNETIC FIELDS

µ

o

H

X

B

Y

B

Z

Magnetic fields are represented as vectors. Adding
orthogonal magnetic fields using permanent magnets
will " i n c r e a s e t h e p e r m e a b i l i t y

µ " o f t h e

ferromagnetic core material. As a consequence, the
inductance and the energy of the coil increases. The
results are a higher COP value.

0

µ

o

H

X

B

Y

0

(c) INTALEK, INC., 2002

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X

Y

X

Y

Z

µ

XY

H

XY

µ

XY

>

µ

o

L

XY

> L

IN

INCREASING PERMEABILITY:

INCREASES INDUCTANCE:

E

XY

> E

IN

INCREASES OUTPUT ENERGY:

µ

XYZ

>

µ

o

L

XYZ

> L

IN

INCREASING PERMEABILITY:

INCREASES INDUCTANCE:

E

XYZ

> E

IN

INCREASES OUTPUT ENERGY:

µ

XYZ

H

XYZ

PERFORMANCE METHODS

(c) INTALEK, INC., 2002

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CATEGORY

DESCRIPTION

1

Under-Unity Devices, COP << 1.00

2

3

A

B

Near-Unity Devices, COP < 1.00

Over-Unity Devices, COP > 1.00

Coil/Core - Classic Devices

Coil/Core/Magnet - SmartPAK POD, POD

Coil/Core - SmartPAK ZPOD

Coil/Core/Magnet - SmartMEG, MEG, PP

Classic use of magnetic fields applied to
ferromagnetic (iron alloy) core materials.

O p p o s i n g / o r t h o g o n a l m a g n e t i c f i e l d s
applied to ferromagnetic materials.

E l e c t r o s t r i c t i o n / m a g n e t o s t r i c t i o n
phenomena of ferromagnetic materials.
C o o l i n g o f f e r r o m a g n e t i c m a t e r i a l i s
observed. A "negative" Carnot cycle is
occurring within the material

Full flux transfer magnetic core anomaly.
This phenomena is related to the nature of
flux flowing within the magnetic material.

C Coil/Core/Magnet - H. Kunel, Adams Motor

A variable reluctance control of magnet in a
Category 2 Near-Unity device.

(c) INTALEK, INC., 2002

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A SYSTEM REQUIREMENT:

THE "SOURCE DIPOLE"

The source dipole, defined as a forced separation of
electric charges, serves as a "starting engine" for all
these devices. A source dipole may be a battery, a
charged capacitor, or any stored-electrical medium.
A C A T E G O R Y 1 U n d e r - U n i t y d e v i c e o r a
CATEGORY 2 Near-Unity device will eventually
deplete, or collapse its' source dipole over time.
However, a CATEGORY 3 Over-Unity device can be
configured to maintain, or replenish its' dipole.

TWO AND FOUR TERMINAL DEVICES

Source

Dipole

Source

Dipole

Load
Dipole

Coil-Based

Device

1

2

1

2

4

3

Coil-Based

Device

E

IN

E

OUT

E

IN

E

OUT

DESCRIPTION

SmartPAK

TM

is the world's first all solid-state FREE

ENERGY or OVER-UNITY power management
s y s t e m t h a t t r a n s f o r m s a m b i e n t t h e r m a l
environmental energy to excess electrical energy.
It provides a "standard" platform for experimenters,
researchers, and developers to do energy-related
practical applications, experiments, and perform
exploration of the OVER-UNITY phenomena.

The theory of operation is based on the difference
of energy between magnetization/de-magnetization
cycles of ferromagnetic materials utilizing a coil/
core or coil/core/magnet Head assembly. It has
been discovered that EXCESS energy is
released during the de-magnetization portion of the
cycle using a suitable core assembly. The
SmartPAK

T M

system is specially designed to

measure, collect, and store this excess energy for
later use.

T h e S m a r t P A K

T M

system is controlled by a

M o t o r o l a 6 8 H C 9 0 8 G P 3 2 m i c r o c o n t r o l l e r
programmed to measure input/output voltages and
currents, calculate COP, and contains software
algorithms for a complete "turn-key" power
management system. The system features a
"standard" user interface, which allows the user to
design their own custom coil/core/magnet "head
assemblies", and immediately test and display in
real-time its' performance.

R&D PLATFORM:

THE SmartPAK

TM

CONTROLLER

(c) INTALEK, INC., 2002

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BATTERY BANK 1

BATTERY BANK 2

SHOCK CHARGING

POWER CIRCUITRY

OUTPUT

LOAD

EXTERNAL

SUPPLY

CONTROLLED BY

68HC908GP32

MICROCONTROLLER

SOURCE BATTERY

LOAD BATTERY

PATH "A"

PATH "B"

PATH "A"

PATH "B"

CUSTOM

COIL/CORE/MAGNET

HEAD ASSEMBLY

INTERNAL

SUPPLY

FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM

MICROCONTROLLER

INTERFACE

CIRCUITRY

16X2 LCD DISPLAY

AND

SIX PUSHBUTTON

SWITCHES

(EXTERNALLY

MOUNTED)

(c) INTALEK, INC., 2002

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(c) INTALEK, INC., 2002

10

D13

Q7

D

G

S

C1

TANTALUM

D2

I_EXT

+

-

J6

J7

R22
0.01
3%

I_LD_BAT

C28
TANTALUM

C22
TANTALUM

BAT1(2)

EXT

User

Designed

Head (POD)

Assembly

PWM

R8

0.01

3%

P1

P2

SmartPAK XX10-XX Coil Driver

V_LD_BAT

V_EXT

+

-

-

+

NOTE:
COP = Pout / Pin
where,
Pout = V_LD_BAT x I_LD_BAT
Pin = V_EXT x I_EXT

NOTE:

VOLTAGES AVAILABLE:

12V, 24V, 36V, and 48V

ELECTRICAL DIAGRAM

(c) INTALEK, INC., 2002

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THE SmartPAK POD

NEAR-UNITY DEVICE

L2

2.5mH

L1

2.5mH

MA

G1

MA

G3

S

N

S

N

METGLAS
C-CORE

+

-

-

NOTE 1:

µ

o

H: Produced by coil L1 and L2.

B: Produced by magnet MAG1 - MAG4.

L1 and L2 use 50ft of 16AWG magnet wire each.
C-Core: METGLAS, AMCC-500.
MAG1 - 4 are NIB type magnets.

+

S

N

S

N

MA

G2

MA

G4

FERRITE

RODS

FERRITE

RODS

µ

o

H

B

B

µ

o

H

ELECTRICAL DIAGRAM

The SmartPAK POD is classified as a CATEGORY 2
Near-Unity Device. The coil L1 and L2 fields are
mutually coupled to the ferrite rods' magnetic
domains, which are magnetized in an opposing
direction by permanent magnets.

I

I

THE NEAR-UNITY MODEL

OF THE SmartPAK POD

Source

Dipole

(BAT1)

L

S1

t<0

i

BAT1

S1

t

≥ 0

D1

i

BAT2

+

-

Load
Dipole
(BAT2)

D1

i

BAT2

= 0

i

BAT1

= 0

v

Source

Dipole

(BAT1)

Load
Dipole
(BAT2)

With switch S1 closed, the current (i

BAT1

) flows from

the source battery (BAT1) and magnetizes coil L.
This action transfers or discharges energy from the
source battery (BAT1) and stores it in L.

When switch S1 opens, the voltage (v

L

) across the

coil L reverses (Lenz's Law) and the energy stored in
L flows out as a high-current impulse (i

BAT2

). Energy

is transferred from L to the load battery (BAT2).

L

(c) INTALEK, INC., 2002

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L

+

-

v

L

MAGNETIZATION PHASE OF CYCLE

DEMAGNETIZATION PHASE OF CYCLE

(c) INTALEK, INC., 2002

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The total field energy of the system is,

E

SYS

= E

M

+ E

C

- E

MUTUAL

1

where,
E

SYS

is total field energy.

E

M

is energy of permanent magnet (pm).

E

C

is energy of coil.

E

MUTUAL

is mutual energy between coil and

ferromagnetic core coupled to a pm.

THE ENERGETICS OF

FERROMAGNETISM

+

-

V

I

C

A

S

N

I

M

+

-

CLASSIC TRANSFORMER ANALYSIS

L

C

L

M

EXTERNAL

COIL

PERMANENT

MAGNET

POLARIZED

FERROMAGNETIC

MATERIAL

(c) INTALEK, INC., 2002

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Differentiating E

SYS

with respect to time is the total

instantaneous power, P

SYS

or,

E

SYS

= P

SYS

2

Because E

M

is conserved and does NOT change over

time,

E

M

= P

M

= L

M

I

M

I

M

= 0 Watts

3

Now, rewriting P

SYS

,

P

SYS

= P

C

- P

MUTUAL

4

So,

P

SYS

= L

C

I

C

I

C

+ I

C

2

L

C

- M I

M

I

C

5

Now, of particular interest is L

C

of I

C

2

L

C

. For classic

CATEGORY 1 Under-Unity devices,

L

C

= 0

Ω

6

FLUX

COUPLING

TERM

PARAMETRIC

COUPLING

TERM

P

C

P

MUTUAL

(c) INTALEK, INC., 2002

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However, by "strategically" polarizing the ferromagnetic
material, this increases the permeability

µ

, and increases

the inductance L

C

. This reveals the "hidden" mechanism

that makes these CATEGORY 3 Over-Unity devices,

L

C

≠ 0

Ω

7

Since the coil dissipates power, the instantaneous power
P

SYS

equates to,

P

SYS

= R I

C

2

+ L

C

I

C

I

C

+ I

C

2

L

C

- M I

M

I

C

8

Since L

C

has the same units as resistance

Ω

, this

resistance may be positive or negative depending upon
the slope of L

C

. For example, if L

C

is "engineered" to be

positive, then the power is positive, however, if L

C

is

"engineered" to be negative, then the power is negative.

So, integrating P

SYS

with respect to time is the total

energy, E

SYS

or,

E

SYS

=

∫

P

SYS

dt

9

In conclusion, given special operating conditions, the
ferromagnetic domain can serve as a "hidden" source of
energy simply by mutually coupling it to a coil. The energy
is in the form of excess electrical energy, and the
domains transforms this energy from the ambient
thermal environment. This causes an observable cooling
effect in the domains.

(c) INTALEK, INC., 2002

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THE FREE ENERGY "Alek Effect"

PERMEABILITY (

µ)

B-H CURVE

PERMEABILITY and FLUX DENSITY (B)

MAGNETIZING FORCE (H)

NORMAL VARIATION OF

µ ALONG MAGNETIZATION CURVE

MODIFIED PERMEABILITY (

µ

m

)

(CAUSED BY ELECTROSTRICTION /
MAGNETOSTRICTION OF IRON
ALLOY CORE)

B-H CURVE IS SHIFTED LEFT

PERMEABILITY and FLUX DENSITY (B)

MAGNETIZING FORCE (H)

MODIFIED VARIATION OF

µ ALONG MAGNETIZATION CURVE

EXCESS FREE ENERGY
COMPONENT DUE TO
INITIAL MAGNETIZATION

(c) INTALEK, INC., 2002

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POWER

OSCILLATOR

(SQUARE WAVE)

"POD" HEAD

ASSEMBLY

UNDER TEST

10K

0.7uf

CURRENT

PROBE

P6042

DYNAMIC B-H LOOP TEST FIXTURE

HORIZ

VERT

SCOPE GND

Engineering L

C

will shift the BH curve either left or right.

(c) INTALEK, INC., 2002

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The SmartPAK ZPOD

OVER-UNITY DEVICE

µ

o

H

D1

+

T1

1:1

T2

1:1

T3

1:1

Tn

1:1

-

µ

o

H

µ

o

H

µ

o

H

L

PRI1

L

SEC1

L

PRI

n

n x L

SEC

+

-

L

PRI2

L

SEC2

L

PRI3

L

SEC3

L

PRIn

L

SECn

ELECTRICAL DIAGRAM

SECONDARIES
WIRED IN SERIES

PRIMARIES WIRED
IN PARALLEL

T h e S m a r t P A K Z P O D i s c o n s i d e r e d t o b e a
Thompson-Plank PERPETUAL MOTION MACHINE,
and is classified as a CATEGORY 3A Over-Unity
Device.

THE OVER-UNITY MODEL

OF THE SmartPAK ZPOD

Source

Battery

(BAT1)

L

0

S1

t<0

i

BAT1

L

S1

t

≥ 0

D1

i

BAT2

+

-

Load
Battery
(BAT2)

D1

i

BAT2

= 0

i

BAT1

= 0

v

+

-

v

L

Source

Battery

(BAT1)

Load
Battery
(BAT2)

With switch S1 closed, the current (i

BAT1

) flows from

the source battery (BAT1) and magnetizes coil L

0

.

This action transfers or discharges energy from the
source battery (BAT1) and stores it in L

0

.

When switch S1 opens, the voltage (v

L

) across the

coil L reverses (Lenz's Law) and the energy stored in
L (increased permeability

µ

, of L

0

) flows out as a

high-current impulse (i

B A T 2

). Excess energy is

transferred from L to the load battery (BAT2).

L

0

(c) INTALEK, INC., 2002

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MAGNETIZATION PHASE OF CYCLE

DEMAGNETIZATION PHASE OF CYCLE

(c) INTALEK, INC., 2002

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THE MAGNETIZATION /

DEMAGNETIZATION CYCLE

µ

o

H

+

T1

1:1

T2

1:1

T3

1:1

Tn

1:1

-

µ

o

H

µ

o

H

µ

o

H

L

PRI1

L

SEC1

L

PRI

n

HIGH

VOLTAGE

+

-

L

PRI2

L

SEC2

L

PRI3

L

SEC3

L

PRIn

L

SECn

µ

o

H

D1

-

T1

1:1

T2

1:1

T3

1:1

Tn

1:1

+

µ

o

H

µ

o

H

µ

o

H

L

PRI1

L

SEC1

L

PRI

'

n

n x L

SEC

'

-

+

L

PRI2

L

SEC2

L

PRI3

L

SEC3

L

PRIn

L

SECn

MAGNETIZATION PHASE OF CYCLE

DEMAGNETIZATION PHASE OF CYCLE

HIGH

CURRENT

Excess electrical energy is released from the device
d u r i n g t h e d e m a g n e t i z a t i o n p h a s e o f a
m a g n e t i z a t i o n / d e m a g n e t i z a t i o n c y c l e . A s a
consequence of releasing this excess electrical
energy, the device transforms it from the ambient
thermal environment, thereby cooling itself.

i

MAG

i

DEMAG

SHOCK CHARGING SYSTEM

BY STEFAN HARTMANN

The Shock Charging System presented by Stefan
Hartmann is classified as a CATEGORY 3A Over-
Unity Device. The excess electrical energy appears
in the secondary coil of the transformer during the
d e m a g n e t i z a t i o n p h a s e o f a m a g n e t i z a t i o n /
demagnetization cycle.

The magnetization phase of the cycle is initiated by
closing switch S1. The fluroescent tube functions as
current limiting resistor.

ELECTRICAL DIAGRAM

(c) INTALEK, INC., 2002

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(c) INTALEK, INC., 2002

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MAGNET STACK 2

MAGNET STACK 1

MAGNET STACK 1

S2

S1

V

OUT1

V

OUT2

+12V

+12V

S1-A

S2-B

V

OUT1

V

OUT2

+12V

S2-A

S1-B

T. BEARDEN'S MEG

DESIGN

J. FLYNN'S PARALLEL

PATH DESIGN

BOTH DESIGNS HAVE IDENTICAL SWITCH STATES

T1

T2

S1

S2

CLOSED

OPEN

CLOSED

OPEN

COMPARISON BETWEEN

T. BEARDEN'S MEG AND J. FLYNN'S PP

The Flynn design has a more efficient input switching
scheme than the Bearden design.

+

-

+

-

+

-

+

-

SWITCHING CHARACTERISTICS

(c) INTALEK, INC., 2002

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THE SmartMEG

OVER-UNITY DEVICE

The SmartMEG is classified as a CATEGORY 3B
Over-Unity Device.

The design implements the efficient Flynn input
scheme. This devices uses the series-wired control
coils and a double magnet stack.

(c) INTALEK, INC., 2002

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SWITCHING CHARACTERISTICS

T1

T2

T3

T4

S1

S2

CLOSED

OPEN

CLOSED

OPEN

CLOSED

OPEN

CLOSED

OPEN

S3

S4

T1 & T3 : Wait for full flux transfer.
T2 & T4 : Activate output switches. Collect excess energy.

THE SmartMEG SWITCHING STATES

MAGNET STACK 2

MAGNET STACK 1

+12V

S1-A

S2-A

+12V

S2-B

S1-B

S4

V

OUT2

S3

V

OUT1

ELECTRICAL DIAGRAM

MAGNET STACK 2

MAGNET STACK 1

+12V

S1-A

S2-A

+12V

S2-B

S1-B

S4

V

OUT2

S3

V

OUT1

+

-

+

-

+

-

+

-

-

+

+

-

When S3 and S4 are open, the intended secondary
coil has a voltage bounded by Faraday's Law to the
total flux flowing through its' core. This flux is the sum
total of the two magnet stacks flux and the control
coils flux.

(c) INTALEK, INC., 2002

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THE Heinrich Kunel PATENT

(DE3024814) January 1, 1982

T h e H e i n r i c h K u n e l p a t e n t i s c l a s s i f i e d a s a
CATEGORY 3C Over-Unity Device, but NOT as
shown in the patent.

The "correct" operation of this device appears to be a
combination of the SmartMEG and the Adams Motor.
The magnetization of the control coil cancels the field
f l o w i n g t h r o u g h t h e f l u x g a t e . T h e n , r e v e r s e
magnetization of the same causes flux from the
c o n t r o l c o i l p l u s t h e f l u x f r o m t h e m a g n e t t o
magnetize the core. An output delay turn-on circuit
may be required as a caveat to ensure magnet flux
transport across the air gap. Excess energy can then
be collected in the output coil.

(c) INTALEK, INC., 2002

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THE SmartPAK KPOD

OVER-UNITY DEVICE

L2

2.5mH

L1

2.5mH

MA

G1

MA

G3

S

N

S

N

METGLAS
C-CORE

+

NOTE 1:

µ

o

H: Produced by coil L1 and L2.

B: Produced by magnet MAG1 - MAG4.

L1 and L2 use 50ft of 16AWG magnet wire
each.
C-Core: METGLAS, AMCC-500.
MAG1 - 4 are NIB type magnets.

+

S

N

S

N

MA

G2

MA

G4

FERRITE

RODS

FERRITE

RODS

µ

o

H

B

B

µ

o

H

ELECTRICAL DIAGRAM

The SmartPAK KPOD is classified as a CATEGORY
3C Over-Unity Device.

The coils L3 - L6 are the flux control gates, and are
operated bidirectionally (AC). The actual operation is
very similar to the Flynn input design. Output delay
turn-on is provided by switch S1. This will ensure the
magnet flux is transported across the air gap.

Excess energy is collected in output coils L1 and L2.

AIR

AIR

AIR

AIR

I

C

I

C

L3

L4

L5

L6

+

+

+

+

S1

(c) INTALEK, INC., 2002

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THE Adams MOTOR

S1

+

-

S

N

S

N

S

N

S

N

S

N

MAGNETIZATION PHASE

DEMAGNETIZATION PHASE

Source

Battery

(BAT1)

Source

Battery

(BAT2)

D1

NOTE:
S1 is closed during the
magnetization phase of a
magnetization / demagnetization
cycle.

ELECTRICAL DIAGRAM

The Adams Motor is are classified as a CATEGORY
3C Over-Unity Device.

As the magnet approaches Top-Dead-Center (TDC),
maximum influence of the magnet flux with the coil/
core demagnetization phase is obtained. Hence, the
coil/core demagnetization energy is greater than the
magnetization energy.

As the magnet moves past TDC, the influence of its
flux with the coil/core decreases.

DIRECTION
OF ROTATION

I

TDC

(c) INTALEK, INC., 2002

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FUTURE RESEARCH

GRAVITONICS

I s a s c i e n t i f i c d i s c i p l i n e t h a t i n v e s t i g a t e s
ferromagnetic-based methods and devices that
control or influence gravity.

The latest Russian research shows a correlation
between magnetostriction and gravity.

Develop the Gravito-Ferromagnetic Space Drive.

THERMOFERROMAGNETICS

I s a s c i e n t i f i c d i s c i p l i n e t h a t i n v e s t i g a t e s
ferromagnetic-based methods and devices that
c o n t r o l o r i n f l u e n c e t h e a m b i e n t t h e r m a l
environment.

The latest Russian research shows a correlation
between magnetostriction and the ambient thermal
environment.

REFERENCES

Nicolas Zaev, "Inductive Conversion of Heat Environmental Energy to Electrical Energy",
1999.

Nicolas Zaev, "Fuel-less Energetics", 1999.

William Alek, "The Motionless Battery Shock Charger", 2001.

Jean-Louis Naudin, "The Parametric Power Conversion", 1997.

Leon Dragone, "Energetics of Ferromagnetism", 1989.

William Alek, "Analysis of Leon Dragone's, Energetics of Ferromagnetism", 2002.

Spartak and Oleg Poliakov, "Gravitonics is Electronics of the 21st Century", 2000.

Hayt & Kemmerly, "Engineering Circuit Analysis", McGraw Hill, 1993.

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