1

Friction ridges

Enable our hands to hold up objects

Pattern of friction ridges

Gives pattern of fingerprints

What is a fingerprint made of?

2

Glands

Excrete

Salts

Layers of skin & associated

glands and vessels

Fats

Amino acids

Proteins

Water

3

DNA vs Fingerprinting

DNA

No two people have the same DNA

Fingerprints

100+ years of experience

No two people have the same

prints including identical twins

Except identical twins

4

First Principle

No two fingers have the same print

Including identical twins

5

Second Principle

Fingerprints do not change during a lifetime

Remains after death for some time

As long as skin survives

Fingerprints can be changed

6

Second Principle

Attempted to destroy

his fingerprints using

concentrated acid

John Dillinger

7

Second Principle

John Dillinger’s fingerprints

Attempted to destroy

his fingerprints using

concentrated acid

8

Second Principle

Take the anti-cancer drug capecitabine?

Swelling of tissues of hand and foot

Side effects

Fingerprints become indistinct

9

Second Principle

Put finger in a rice cooker?

End of finger gets severely burned

Painful

10

Skin grafting

Second Principle

Remove skin from end of a finger

Graft on the skin from another body part

Changing the fingerprint

11

Marc George

limps into U.S.A.

from Mexico

Harrisburg PA, 2008

Dr. Jose Covarrubias

sentenced to 18 months

Second Principle

Nogales AZ, 2005

Had a skin graft

procedure

12

Third Principle

Patterns can

be classified

Ridge ending

Bifurcation

Lake

Independent ridge
Dot or island

Spur

Crossover

Fingerprint

ridges

Plain arch

Whorl

Tented arch

13

Fingerprint patterns

Double

loop whorl

Central pocket

loop whorl

Loop