#602076-O.U.P.-Open Forum Answer Key and Test Booklet P.
ACADEMIC LISTENING AND SPEAKING
2
#602076-O.U.P.-Open Forum Answer Key and Test Booklet P.2
Contents
Answer Key
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Assessment Tests
Test.1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13
Test.2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14
Test.3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15
Test.4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16
Transcripts
Chapter.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17
Chapter.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
Chapter.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20
Chapter.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22
Chapter.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24
Chapter.6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27
Chapter.7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29
Chapter.8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31
Chapter.9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34
Chapter.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36
Chapter.11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38
Chapter.12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41
1
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#602076-O.U.P.-Open Forum Answer Key and Test Booklet P.2
Open Forum 2: Answer Key
#602076-O.U.P.-Open Forum Answer Key and Test Booklet P.
Answer Key
Chapter
Environmental Studies
2 Listening Practice
A Preparing to Listen
exercise 2 (p. 2)
. 2 .. suburbs
. 3 .. inner.cities
. 4 .. decline
. 5 .. revitalize
B Focus on the Listening Skill
exercise 2 (p. 3)
Answers will vary.
building,.commute,.diversity,.downtown,.housing,.
growth,.residential,.suburbs
C Listening for the Main Idea (p. 3)
. a .. 4. .
c .. 2
. b .. 1. .
d .. 3
D Listening for More Detail (p. 4)
. 1 .. a. .
4 .. a.
7 .. b
. 2 .. a. .
5 .. b.
8 .. a
. 3 .. b. .
6 .. a
3 Vocabulary
exercise (p. 5)
business.district,.City.Hall,.Opera.House,.shopping.
area,.department.stores,.sidewalk.cafes,.rush.hour,.
subway.station .
exercise 2 (p. 5)
. 2 .. mall.
5 .. park
. 3 .. stop.
6 .. market
. 4 .. building
4 Listening Practice
B Listening for Main Ideas (p. 6)
. a .. ✓. .
c .. ✓.
d .. ✓
C Listening for More Detail (p. 7)
. 1 .. A.park.that.is.not.successful.is.not.used.or.is.for.
criminal.activity,.is.usually.empty,.has.litter.and.
graffiti,.or.is.just.a.green.space.with.nothing.to.
attract.people
. 2 .. Museums,.a.zoo,.an.outdoor.theater,.a.skating.
rink,.playgrounds
. 3 .. To.provide.more.reasons.for.people.to.go.to.a.
place
. 4 .. Food
. 5 .. Women.and.elderly.people
. 6 .. There’s.not.enough.seating,.or.it’s.uncomfortable,.
or.it’s.out.in.the.wind.or.the.sun
. 7 .. So.that.people.can.see.what’s.inside.and.don’t.feel.
afraid.to.enter
. 8 .. Paths.that.don’t.lead.anywhere,.or.don’t.go.where.
people.want.to.go
D Thinking and Speaking (p. 7)
Photo.a:.bad.seating.and.a.lack.of.activities
Photo.b:.entrance.exposed.to.wind.and.sun
Photo.c:.a.path.that.leads.nowhere
5 Pronunciation
exercise 2. (p. 8)
example,.park,.playground,.one,.fountain,.middle,.
nice,.there,.together,.water,.safe,.play,.summer,.
seating,.both,.more,.go
7 Speaking Skills
exercise 3 (p. 9)
. 2 .. Chapter.4.
. 3 .. Chapter.6.
. 4 .. Chapter.5.
. 5 .. Chapter.12.
. 6 .. Chapter.7
Chapter 2
Psychology
2 Listening Practice
B Listening for Main Ideas (p. 11)
. 1 .. a. .
2 .. b.
3 .. b
2 Open Forum 2: Answer Key
#602076-O.U.P.-Open Forum Answer Key and Test Booklet P.2
C Listening for More Detail (p. 12)
. 1 .. T. .
4 .. T.
7 .. F
. 2 .. F. .
5 .. T.
8 .. T
. 3 .. T. .
6 .. F
E Focus on the Listening Skill
exercise 2 (p. 3)
. 1 .. Chapter.1.
. 2 .. Chapter.4.
. 3 .. Chapter.5
. 4 .. Chapter.7
. 5 .. Chapter.8
3 Vocabulary
exercise (p. 3)
When.adding.-ion.to.a.word.ending.in.e,.the.e.is.
dropped .
. 1 .. People.say.they.experience.deep.feelings.of.
concentration.and.enjoyment .
. 2 .. Many.people.experience.relaxation .
exercise 2 (p. 3)
noun (with.-ion). noun (with.-ation). noun (with.-ment)
connection.
preparation.
requirement
contribution.
combination.
retirement
discussion.
organization.
development
motivation.
exploration.
management
participation.
.
achievement
exercise 3 (p. 3)
. 1 .. relaxation.
5 .. achievement
. 2 .. contribution.
6 .. preparation
. 3 .. discussion.
7 .. requirement
. 4 .. motivation.
8 .. indication
4 Listening Practice
B Listening for Main Ideas (p. 14)
. 1 .. Julia:.driving,.playing.guitar
. 2 .. Leo:.working.on.computers,.socializing
. 3 .. Annie:.participating.in.sports,.coaching.sports
. 4 .. Robert:.doing.dishes,.fixing.up.his.house,.
bicycling.
C Listening for More Detail (p. 14)
Julia
. 1 .. an.hour.and.a.half
. 2 .. listen.to.the.radio.or.music
. 3 .. three.times
. 4 .. with.friends.and.alone.
Leo
. 1 .. very.little
. 2 .. plays.computer.games
. 3 .. computer.game
. 4 .. likes
Annie
. 1 .. many
. 2 .. team.and.individual.sports
. 3 .. coach
. 4 .. sometimes
Robert
. 1 .. relaxing.
. 2 .. finds.solutions.to.problems
. 3 .. is.stressful
. 4 .. enjoys.bicycling
5 Pronunciation
exercise (p. 5)
I.usually.play.the.guitar.at.least.three.times.a.week ..I.
play.in.a.group.with.friends.and.I.play.by.myself.too .
exercise 2 (p. 6)
. 1 .. an. .
6 .. and
. 2 .. a. .
7 .. to
. 3 .. the..
8 .. at
. 4 .. and.
9 .. with
. 5 .. for..
10 .. to
6 Speaking Skills
exercise (p. 6)
Annie.says.more.than.just.“Yes”.or.“No .”.Saying.
more.than.just.“Yes”.or.“No”.helps.keep.conversation.
going .
exercise 2 (p. 6)
Answers will vary.
Chapter 3
Food Science
2 Listening Practice
B Listening for Main Ideas
. 1 .. ✓. .
4 .. ✓
. 2 .. ✓. .
6 .. ✓
C Listening for More Detail (p. 20)
. 1 .. c. .
4 .. b.
7 .. b
. 2 .. c. .
5 .. a.
8 .. c
. 3 .. b. .
6 .. c
3 Vocabulary
exercise (p. 22)
Where.to.have.tea.and.coffee
#602076-O.U.P.-Open Forum Answer Key and Test Booklet P.2
Open Forum 2: Answer Key
3
#602076-O.U.P.-Open Forum Answer Key and Test Booklet P.
exercise 2 (p. 22)
would.love,.prefer,.don’t.feel.like,.would.like,.want,.
can’t.stand,.don’t.mind
exercise 3 (p. 22)
. 2 .. having/to.have
. 3 .. getting.
. 4 .. eating.
. 5 .. to.eat
. 6 .. eating/to.eat
4 Listening Practice
B Listening for Main Ideas (p.23)
. 1 .. ✓. .
3 .. ✓
. 4 .. ✓. .
6 .. ✓
C Listening for More Detail (p. 23)
Answers will vary.
. 1 .. People.eat.out.much.more.nowadays .
. 2 .. People,.especially.kids,.used.to.drink.a.lot.more.
milk ..Now.they.drink.twice.as.much.soda ..
. 3 .. If.people.have.more.income,.they.eat.out.more ..
. 4 .. There.will.be.greater.demand.for.variety ..
. 5 .. Immigration.affects.the.variety.of.food.available,.
including.types.of.restaurants ..
. 6 .. People.will.ask.more.for.quality,.rather.than.just.
quantity ..
5 Pronunciation
exercise (p. 24)
. 1 .. Wh
. 2 .. Y/N
. 3 .. Wh
. 4 .. Y/N
exercise 2 (p. 25)
. 1 .. b. .
2 .. a
6 Speaking Skills
exercise (p. 25)
The.person.is.trying.to.eat.more.fruits.and.vegetables.
and.gave.up.chocolate.for.a.while .
exercise (p. 25)
Hmm,.Let.me.think,.Well,.Let’s.see
Chapter 4
Visual Art
2 Listening Practice
A Preparing to Listen
exercise 2 (p. 28)
. 2 .. c. .
4 .. e
. 3 .. b. .
5 .. a
B Focus on the Listening Skill (p. 28)
. a .. ✓. .
c .. ✓.
e .. ✓
C Listening for More Detail (p. 29)
. 1 .. a. .
4 .. c.
7 .. c
. 2 .. b. .
5 .. b.
8 .. a
. 3 .. c. .
6 .. a
3 Vocabulary
exercise (p. 30)
types.of.painting:.(portrait),.landscape
words.to.describe.a.painting:.(realistic),.abstract,.
colorful,.traditional,.calm
things.in.a.painting:.(lines),.dots,.circles,.shapes,.
symbols,.figures,.scene,.detail
location:.(in.the.corner),.in.the.foreground,.in.the.
center,.in.the.background
4 Listening Practice
B Listening for Main Ideas (p. 32)
. a .. ✓. .
c .. ✓.
e .. ✓
C Listening for More Detail
exercise (p. 32)
Answers will vary.
. 1 .. it’s.imitated/copied.a.lot.in.popular.culture
. 2 .. 1930
. 3 .. Dutch.and.German.art/16th.century.Dutch.
portraits
. 4 .. the.style.of.the.window.in.the.house
. 5 .. Wood’s.sister.and.his.dentist
. 6 .. the.1890’s
. 7 .. unfriendly/not.welcoming/suspicious
. 8 .. farmers/country.people/people.in.small.towns
exercise 2 (p. 32)
. a .. 3. .
b .. 6.
c .. 4
. d .. 2. .
e .. 5.
f .. 1
4 Open Forum 2: Answer Key
#602076-O.U.P.-Open Forum Answer Key and Test Booklet P.
5 Pronunciation
exercise 3 (p. 33)
. 1 .. He.was.an.American.painter .
. 2 .. His.sister.was.probably.the.model .
. 3 .. It’s.a.famous.photograph .
. 4 .. Who.is.the.woman.supposed.to.be?
. 5 .. It’s.a.bit.of.a.mystery .
6 Speaking Skills
exercise (p. 34)
The.spoken.version.has.more.imprecise.expressions .
exercise 2 (p. 34)
. 2 .. sort.of.
5 .. kind.of
. 3 .. kind.of.
6 .. It’s.as.if
. 4 .. It’s.like.
7 .. or.something
Chapter 5
Life Science
2 Listening Practice
A Preparing to Listen (p. 37)
Answers will vary.
Oceans:.fish,.coral,.whales,.crab,.beach,.sand,.snail
Medicine:.prescription.drugs,.cancer,.human.disease,.
bacteria,.painkiller,.anatomy,.heart.disease
Both:.bacteria.
B Listening for Main Ideas (p. 38)
. a .. 4. .
c .. 6.
e .. 2
. b .. 3. .
d .. 1.
f .. 5
C Listening for More Detail (p. 39)
. 1 .. More.than.half
. 2 .. 71%
. 3 .. Researchers.are.hoping.to.learn.more.about.how.
their.eyes.work.to.help.learn.more.about.eye.
disease.in.humans .
. 4 .. They.have.new.technologies.that.allow.them.to.
go.deeper.into.the.oceans.than.before ...
. 5 .. In.the.1950s
. 6 .. It.can.swim.incredibly.fast .
D Focus on the Listening Skill
exercise (p. 39)
. 2 .. a
.
. Because.of.“derived.from.the.sea”.before.it
exercise 2 (p. 40)
. 1 .. b. .
4 .. b
. 2 .. a. .
5 .. a
. 3 .. b
3 Vocabulary
exercise (p. 40)
careful,.useful,.hopeful
exercise 2 (p. 4)
. 2 .. useful.
useless
. 3 .. beautiful.
X
. 4 .. hopeful.
hopeless
. 5 .. harmful.
harmless
. 6 .. X. .
priceless
. 7 .. helpful.
helpless
. 8 .. wonderful.
X
. 9 .. thoughtful..
thoughtless
. 10 .. painful.
painless
exercise 3 (p. 4)
. 2 .. painless.
6 .. wonderful
. 3 .. useful.
7 .. priceless
. 4 .. hopeful.
8 .. useless
. 5 .. thoughtless
4 Listening Practice
B Listening for Main Ideas (p. 42)
. a .. 2. .
c .. 1
. b .. 4. .
d .. 3
C Listening for More Detail (p. 43)
Answers will vary.
. 1 .. In.1987
. 2 .. California,.Arizona,.and.Baja,.Mexico
. 3 .. The.birds.have.very.large.wings.that.could.knock.
you.out.and.very.sharp.beaks ..
. 4 .. That.condors.fly.more.distance.than.they.realized;.
that.the.species.is.more.intelligent.and.complex.
than.they’d.realized
. 5 .. They.didn’t.learn.to.be.afraid.of.humans ..
. 6 .. They’re.trained.to.act.like.parent.condors ...
. 7 .. They.learn.from.older,.more.experienced.birds ...
. 8 .. One.group.of.birds.travels.160.miles.just.to.visit.
and.socialize.with.other.birds ...
D. Working Out Unknown Vocabulary (p. 43)
. 1 .. b. .
3 .. a
. 2 .. b. .
4 .. b
#602076-O.U.P.-Open Forum Answer Key and Test Booklet P.
Open Forum 2: Answer Key
5
#602076-O.U.P.-Open Forum Answer Key and Test Booklet P.
5 Pronunciation
exercise (p. 44)
. 1 .. b. .
2 .. a.
3 .. a .
exercise 2 (p. 44)
. 1 .. learned.
4 .. teaches
. 2 .. knocking.
5 .. raising
. 3 .. harassing.
6 .. socialize
6 Speaking Skills
exercise (p. 44)
The.number.of.condors.living.in.the.wild
How.they.attach.GPS.units.to.the.birds
Another.example.of.how.the.birds.learn
What.the.biologist.meant.when.he.said.the.birds.are.
intelligent.and.complicated
exercise 2 (p. 44)
How.many.did.you.say. .. .. ..?
Could.you.explain. .. .. ..?
Can.you.give.another.example.of. .. .. ..?
What.did.you.mean. .. .. ..?
Chapter 6
Social Studies
2 Listening Practice
B Listening for Main Ideas (p. 47)
. b .. ✓. .
d .. ✓
C Listening for More Detail (p. 47)
. 1 .. F. .
4 .. F.
7 .. T
. 2 .. T. .
5 .. T.
8 .. F
. 3 .. T. .
6 .. F
D Focus on the Listening Skill
exercise (p. 48)
. a .. 6. .
d .. 2.
g .. 5
. b .. 3. .
e .. 8.
h .. 1
. c .. 4. .
f .. 7
exercise 2 (p. 48)
Announcing what a speaker is going to say or do:
We’re.going.to.look.at;.I’m.going.to.suggest;.I’d.like.
to.point.out.that
Signaling a change in topic:.Now.if.you.look.at;.
Compare.that.to;.Let’s.turn.to
Summarizing:.I’ve.described
3 Vocabulary
exercise (p. 49)
. 2 .. time.off.
8 .. get.laid.off
. 3 .. salary.
9 .. project
. 4 .. employer.
10 ..freelancers
. 5 .. part-time.
11 ..job.security
. 6 .. temporary.
12 ..benefits
. 7 .. hires
exercise 2 (p. 50)
. 2 .. benefits.
6 .. job.security
. 3 .. time.off.
7 .. freelancer
. 4 .. hired.
8 .. get.laid.off
. 5 .. temporary
4 Listening Practice
B Listening for Main Ideas
exercise (p. 5)
The.man.has.three.jobs .
exercise 2 (p. 5)
She.has.a.baking.business .
exercise 3 (p. 5)
. a .. ✓. .
b .. ✓.
c .. ✓
C Listening for More Detail (p. 52)
Answers will vary.
. 1 .. He.likes.not.getting.involved.in.the.day.to.day.
stuff,.and.his.work.time.is.flexible .
. 2 .. His.wife’s.job
. 3 .. She.got.laid.off .
. 4 .. She’s.living.and.working.at.her.parents’.house .
. 5 .. Find.a.partner.who.could.do.marketing,.and.
maybe.have.her.own.place.one.day
. 6 .. There.are.entrepreneurs,.freelancers,.and.part-
time.employees .
. 7 .. Economic.reasons,.the.growth.of.software.and.
media.industries,.and.the.change.in.attitudes
. 8 .. Marketing.themselves,.and.being.organized,.
especially.with.time
D Working out Unknown Vocabulary (p. 52)
. 1 .. b. .
3 .. b.
5 .. a
. 2 .. a. .
4 .. b
6 Open Forum 2: Answer Key
#602076-O.U.P.-Open Forum Answer Key and Test Booklet P.6
5 Pronunciation
exercise (p. 53)
. 2 .. It’s..
7 .. who’ve
. 3 .. I’m..
8 .. they’ve
. 4 .. It’s..
9 .. they’ve
. 5 .. I’ve.
10 ..there’s
. 6 .. it’s
exercise 2 (p. 53)
Answers will vary.
Chapter 7
Language and Communication
2 Listening Practice
A Preparing to Listen (p. 57)
. 1 .. 82 .12%
. 2 .. 17 .88%
. 3 .. Vietnamese,.Italian,.Korean,.Russian
. 4 .. Answers will vary.
. 5 .. Answers will vary.
B Listening for Main Ideas (p. 57)
.
c
C Listening for More Detail (p. 58)
. 1 .. The.thirty.most.common.languages.in.the.US
. 2 .. From.census.data
. 3 .. a .. 2.
c .. 1
.
. b .. 4.
d .. 3
. 4 .. Almost.900,000
. 5 .. Southern.California.and.Washington.state
. 6 .. New.York
D Focus on the Listening Skill
exercise (p. 58)
. 2 .. 86. .
5 .. 49.
8 .. 4
. 3 .. 1.or.2.
6 .. 8.
9 .. 4
. 4 .. 72. .
7 .. 6
3 Vocabulary
exercise (p. 59)
. 2 .. just.over
. 3 .. a.little.over
exercise 2 (p. 59)
Approximately:.about,.around,.something.like
More:.just.over,.a.little.over,.more.than
Less:.a.little.under,.less.than,.almost,.just.under
exercise 3 (p. 59)
. 1 .. almost
. 2 .. Just.over
. 3 .. just.under.
. 4 .. less.than
. 5 .. more.than
. 6 .. something.like
exercise 4 (p. 60)
Answers will vary.
4 Listening Practice
A Preparing to Listen
exercise (p. 60)
French.and.English.are.the.official.languages ..Cree,.
Inuktitut,.Mohawk,.and.Ojibwa.are.examples.of.
minority.languages .
exercise 3 (p. 6)
Answers will vary.
B Listening for Main Ideas (p. 61)
. 1 .. Different.opinions.on.how.many.languages.exist.
today
. 2 .. Criteria.for.deciding.if.a.language.is.in.danger
. 3 .. Why.the.topic.of.language.loss.is.important
. 4 .. The.situation.with.the.Welsh.language
. 5 .. Programs.for.revising.Native.American.languages
C Listening for More Detail (p. 61)
Answers will vary.
. 2 .. Believed.that.half.world’s.languages.could.be.lost.
by.end.of.century
. 3 .. Are.last.speakers.of.their.languages
. 4 .. Make.it.difficult.to.find.agreement.on.the.number.
of.languages.at.risk
. 5 .. Don’t.know.what.information.or.traditions.we’re.
losing.when.a.language.disappears
. 6 .. Example.of.a.language.getting.stronger
. 7 .. Used.to.be.250.Native.American.languages,.but.
now.only.about.150.in.use.
. 8 .. Use.older.peoples’.knowledge;.tape.record.older.
people;.have.older.people.care.for.children.and.
teach.them;.have.speakers.teach.and.learn.on.the.
telephone;.study.the.old.records.of.ancestors
#602076-O.U.P.-Open Forum Answer Key and Test Booklet P.6
Open Forum 2: Answer Key
7
#602076-O.U.P.-Open Forum Answer Key and Test Booklet P.7
5 Pronunciation
exercise (p. 62)
Stress.is.on.the.second.syllable.(-teen).in.item.4 ..Stress.
is.on.first.syllable.in.the.others ..
exercise 2 (p. 62)
It’s.easier.to.hear.the.difference.between.items.2.and.
4,.because.the.stress.is.different ..
exercise 3 (p. 62)
. 1 .. sixty.
4 .. seventy
. 2 .. forty.
5 .. eighteen
. 3 .. thirteen.
6 .. fifteen
exercise 4 (p. 62)
Answers will vary.
6 Speaking Skills
exercise (p. 63)
Answers will vary.
exercise 2 (p. 63)
. 1 .. Brainstorm.ideas
. 2 .. Select.ideas
. 3 .. Order.ideas.and.outline
. 4 .. Fill.out.an.outline
. 5 .. Rehearse
Chapter 8
Technology
2 Listening Practice
B Listening for Main Ideas (p. 65)
. 1 .. a. .
3 .. a
. 2 .. b. .
4 .. c
C Listening for More Detail (p. 65)
. 1 .. a. .
3 .. b.
5 .. c
. 2 .. c. .
4 .. c.
6 .. a
D Focus on the Listening Skill
exercise (p. 66)
. 1 .. determination
. 2 .. believed.absolutely
. 3 .. mood
. 4 .. positive.attitude
exercise 2 (p. 66)
a
exercise 3 (p. 67)
c
exercise 4 (p. 67)
b
3 Vocabulary
exercise (p. 67)
set.out,.give.up,.took.off
exercise 2 (p. 67)
. 2 .. g. .
5 .. c.
8 .. b
. 3 .. a. .
6 .. j.
9 .. f
. 4 .. i. .
7 .. d.
10 ..h
exercise 3 (p. 67)
. 2 .. turned.up.
7 .. go.on
. 3 .. took.off.
8 .. set.out
. 4 .. came.over.
9 .. getting.along
. 5 .. ran.out.
10 ..went.off
. 6 .. came.up
exercise 4 (p. 68)
Answers will vary.
4 Listening Practice
B Listening for Main Ideas (p. 69)
b
C Listening for More Detail (p. 69)
Answers will vary.
. 1 .. The.photocopy.machine.was.a.very.successful.
product.and.the.technology.is.still.used.today .
. 2 .. 1937
. 3 .. He.was.poor.and.had.to.support.his.father.after.
his.mother.died .
. 4 .. It.was.to.keep.his.ideas.in ..He.wanted.to.be.an.
inventor .
. 5 .. When.studying.law,.he.had.to.copy.pages.
longhand.from.books .
. 6 .. Nobody.would.invest.in.his.idea.or.give.him.
money.to.develop.his.idea .
. 7 .. 1947
. 8 .. 1960
. 9 .. The.machine.was.an.instant.success ..
. 10 .. He.lived.simply,.and.gave.away.most.of.his.
money .
D Working Out Unknown Vocabulary (p. 70)
. 1 .. b. .
3 .. b.
5 .. a
. 2 .. a. .
4 .. a
8 Open Forum 2: Answer Key
#602076-O.U.P.-Open Forum Answer Key and Test Booklet P.
5 Pronunciation
exercise (p. 7)
. 2 .. imagine.
imagination
. 3 .. inspire.
inspiration
. 4 .. invent.
invention
. 5 .. mechanic.
mechanical
. 6 .. technology.
technological
. 7 .. photograph.
photographic.
photography
. 8 .. electric.
electrical.
electricity
exercise 2 (p. 7)
. 2 .. imagine.
imagination
. 3 .. inspire.
inspiration
. 6 .. technology.
technological
. 7 .. photograph.
photographic.
photography
. 8 .. electric.
electrical.
electricity
exercise 3 (p. 7)
. 1 .. Carlson.invented.an.automatic.xerographic.
machine .
. 2 .. The.process.was.called.Xerography .
. 3 .. His.invention.used.light.and.electricity.to.
duplicate.an.image .
. 4 .. Carlson.went.to.university.at.the.Institute.of.
Technology .
6 Speaking Skills
exercise (p. 72)
A.copy.machine
exercise 2 (p. 72)
First,. .. .. ..;.Now,. .. .. ..;.Then,. .. .. ..;.OK?
Chapter 9
Marketing and Advertising
2 Listening Practice
B Listening for Main Ideas (p. 74)
. b .. ✓. .
d .. ✓.
e .. ✓
. f .. ✓. .
h .. ✓
C Listening for More Detail (p. 74)
. 1 .. c. .
3 .. b.
5 .. a
. 2 .. b. .
4 .. a.
6 .. c
D Focusing on the Listening Skill
exercise (p. 75)
Answers will vary.
. 2 .. network.TV.stations;.all.the.commercials
. 3 .. advertising.in.school
exercise 2 (p. 75)
b
exercise 3 (p. 75)
Answers will vary.
. 1 .. attract.customers.to.survive
. 2 .. market.their.products
. 3 .. would.not.exist;.products.and.services
exercise 4 (p. 76)
Answers will vary.
3 Vocabulary
exercise 2 (p. 76)
. 1 .. conduct.surveys;.look.at.the.competition
. 2 .. TV.or.radio.commercials,.newspaper.or.magazine.
advertisements,.the.Internet,.popular.events
exercise 3 (p. 76)
. 2 .. competition.
7 .. commercials
. 3 .. advertise.
8 .. attract
. 4 .. market.research.
9 .. on.the.market
. 5 .. product.
10 ..geared.toward
. 6 .. sponsor
4 Listening Practice
B Listening for Main Ideas (p. 78)
.
c. ✓
C Listening for More Detail
exercise (p. 78)
Where?
. 2 .. In.the.front.of.the.store
. 3 .. In.the.front.of.the.store
. 4 .. Around.the.sides.of.the.store
. 5 .. In.the.aisles
. 6 .. Near.the.checkout.counter
exercise 2 (p. 78)
Why?
. 1 .. To.make.customers.pass.other.items
. 2 .. Smells.good.and.attracts.customers
. 3 .. Smells.good.and.attracts.customers
. 4 .. Most.people.go.around.the.side
. 5 .. People.need.it.and.will.look.for.it
. 6 .. People.stand.next.to.it.at.checkout
5 Pronunciation
exercise (p. 79)
. 1 .. interested.
4 .. not.interested
. 2 .. not.interested.
5 .. interested
. 3 .. interested.
6 .. interested
#602076-O.U.P.-Open Forum Answer Key and Test Booklet P.
Open Forum 2: Answer Key
9
#602076-O.U.P.-Open Forum Answer Key and Test Booklet P.
6 Speaking Skills
exercise (p. 80)
Answers will vary.
. 1 .. The.people.are.discussing.how.to.advertise.
something .
. 2 .. Susan.is.proposing.a.hot.air.balloon .
exercise 2 (p. 80)
What.do.you.mean?;.Oh,.you.mean. .. .. ..;.I.don’t.get.it;.
You’re.saying.that. .. .. ..
Chapter 0
Education
2 Listening Practice
B Listening for Main Ideas
exercise (p. 84)
Life.experience
exercise 2 (p. 84)
. a .. ✓. .
b .. ✓.
d .. ✓
Ben.and.Mona.do.not.have.the.same.opinion .
C Listening for More Detail
exercise (p.84)
. 1 .. F. .
4 .. T.
7 .. T
. 2 .. T. .
5 .. T.
8 .. F
. 3 .. F. .
6 .. F
D Focus on the Listening Skill (p. 85)
Answers will vary.
. 2 .. It.would.be.difficult.to.evaluate.two.very.different.
experiences .
. 3 .. It.takes.discipline ..You.have.to.attend,.do.the.
work,.take.exams,.and.pass.classes.to.get.credit ..
. 4 .. He.says.that.college.was.social.for.him.and.that.
he.really.started.learning.after.college ..
3 Vocabulary
exercise (p. 86)
Answers will vary.
exercise 2 (p. 86)
. 2 .. a.program
. 3 .. it;.credit
. 4 .. a.subject
. 5 .. classes
. 6 .. an.exam
. 7 .. an.exam
. 8 .. college .
exercise 3 (p. 86)
. 1 .. program;.classes;.grades
. 2 .. graduated;.got
. 3 .. took;.take;.got
. 4 .. financial.aid
exercise 4 (p. 87)
Answers will vary.
4 Listening Practice
B Listening for Main Ideas (p. 88)
. 1 .. d. .
3 .. b
. 2 .. a. .
4 .. c
C Listening for More Detail
. 1 .. b. .
5 .. c
. 2 .. a. .
6 .. a
. 3 .. c. .
7 .. c
. 4 .. b. .
8 .. b
5 Pronunciation
exercise (p. 89)
Both.sentences.sound.very.similar .
exercise 2 (p. 89)
. 1 .. wanted.
3 .. want.it
. 2 .. want.it.
4 .. wanted
exercise 3 (p. 89)
. 1 .. start.it.
6 .. repeated
. 2 .. started.
7 .. need.it
. 3 .. predicted.
8 .. needed
. 4 .. predict.it.
9 .. suggested
. 5 .. repeat.it.
10 ..suggest.it
exercise 4 (p. 90)
Answers will vary.
6 Speaking Skills
exercise (p. 90)
. 1 .. interested
. 2 .. good
. 3 .. hard
The.effect.of.the.repetition.is.to.emphasize.the.point .
exercise 2 (p. 90)
Answers will vary.
0 Open Forum 2: Answer Key
#602076-O.U.P.-Open Forum Answer Key and Test Booklet P.0
Chapter
Astronomy
2 Listening Practice
B Listening for Main Ideas (p. 94)
. 4 .. ✓
. 6 .. ✓
C Focus on the Listening Skill
exercise (p. 94)
. 2 .. different.theories,.part,.separate,.captured.or.
pulled.in,.gravity,.rock,.crash
. 3 .. connection,.craters,.formed,.rock,.crash,.
dinosaurs,.killed
exercise 3 (p. 94)
. 1 .. 3 .. water
.
. 4 .. lava
.
. 5 .. ice
. 2 .. 1 .. theories
.
. 2 .. part
.
. 3 .. separate
.
. 4 .. pulled
.
. 5 .. gravity
.
. 6 .. rock
. 3 .. 1 .. dinosaurs
.
. 2 .. connection
.
. 3 .. crashed
.
. 4 .. craters
.
. 5 .. theory
.
. 6 .. rock
3 Vocabulary
exercise (p. 96)
. 2 .. b. .
5 .. f.
8 .. g
. 3 .. e. .
6 .. a
. 4 .. c. .
7 .. h
exercise 2 (p. 96)
. 1 .. come.about
. 2 .. broke.off.
. 3 .. get.away
. 4 .. came.up.with
. 5 .. broke.down.
. 6 .. figure.out.
. 7 .. left.out
. 8 .. run.out.of
4 Listening Practice
B Listening for Main Ideas (p. 97)
Answers will vary.
. 1 .. Robert.Evans.searches.for.supernovas.and.dying.
stars .
. 2 .. He.can.memorize.patterns.of.stars.very.well .
C Listening for More Detail (p. 11)
. 1 .. b. .
4 .. b.
7 .. b
. 2 .. a. .
5 .. b.
8 .. a
. 3 .. a. .
6 .. b
5 Pronunciation
exercise (p. 99)
The.models.are.unstressed .
exercise 2 (p. 99)
. 1 .. can.
. 2 .. will.
. 3 .. would.
. 4 .. can.
. 5 .. could
6 Speaking Skills
exercise (p. 99)
She.returns.to.the.topic.of.supernovas .
exercise 2 (p. 99)
If.you’ll.let.me.come.back.to.that. .. .. ..;..
I.want.to.add. .. .. ..;.Now,.back.to. .. .. ..;.By.the.way. .. .. ..
Chapter 2
International Studies
2 Listening Practice
B Listening for Main Ideas (p. 102)
. 1 .. Answers will vary.
. 2 .. Brazil
. 3 .. A.psychology.professor
C Listening for More Detail (p. 102)
. 1 .. c. .
4 .. c.
7 .. b
. 2 .. a. .
5 .. b.
8 .. a
. 3 .. b. .
6 .. a
D Focus on the Listening Skill
exercise (p. 03)
. 3 .. of.another.country,.foreign
. 4 .. getting.used.to,.adjusting
#602076-O.U.P.-Open Forum Answer Key and Test Booklet P.0
Open Forum 2: Answer Key
#602076-O.U.P.-Open Forum Answer Key and Test Booklet P.
exercise 2 (p. 03)
. a .. ✓
exercise 3 (p. 04)
. 1 .. Difficulties.with.language.and.privacy
. 2 .. “It’s.a.piece.of.cake”.means.something.is.not.a.
problem;.having.difficulties.with.language.and.
privacy.turned.out.to.be.“a.piece.of.cake .”
. 3 .. “Distress”.is.unhappiness,.being.upset ..Brazilians’.
ideas.of.time.and.punctuality.caused.him.distress .
exercise 4 (p. 04)
difficulties.with.things.like.language.and.privacy;.
dealing.with.Brazilian’s.ideas.of.time.and.punctuality
exercise 5 (p. 04)
. 1 .. Because.students.start.shuffling.their.books,.have.
strained.expressions
. 2 .. Moving.around.of.books.to.make.a.shuffling.
noise
. 3 .. The.students.have.strained.expressions ..Strained.
means.looking.worried.or.in.pain
. 4 .. No
exercise 6 (p. 04)
shuffle.their.books;.look.uncomfortable,.like.they.
have.to.leave .
3 Vocabulary
exercise 2 (p. 05)
Punctuality:.ahead.of.time,.early,.in.time.to,.in.time.
for,.on.time,.punctual
Lateness:.behind.schedule,.late.for,.in.a.hurry,.
running.late,.“It’s.about.time!”
4 Listening Practice
B Listening for Main Ideas (p. 106)
. a .. 2. .
c .. 4.
e .. 3
. b .. 5. .
d .. 1
C Listening for More Detail (p. 107)
. 4 .. Irritated.at.stores,.taxi.drivers,.food,.and.feeling.
ignored.and.miserable
. 5 .. Complain.about.new.culture,.feel.that.your.home.
culture.is.better
. 6 .. Getting.used.to.new.culture,.start.making.friends,.
enjoying.work,.realize.that.there’s.good.and.bad.
everywhere .
. 7 .. When.you.go.back.to.your.own.culture,.you.may.
feel.disappointed,.prefer.some.things.in.new.
culture
D Working Out Unknown Vocabulary (p. 107)
. 1 .. a. .
3 .. a.
5 .. b
. 2 .. b. .
4 .. a.
6 .. a
5 Pronunciation
exercise (p. 08)
Linking.can.make.it.hard.to.hear.word.boundaries .
exercise 3 (p. 08)
. 2 .. felt.at.home.in.
. 3 .. opened.a.bank
. 4 .. didn’t.have.a.
. 5 .. worked.it.out
. 6 .. took.a.lot.of.time
exercise 4 (p. 08)
. 2 .. I.felt.at.home.in.England .
. 3 .. I.opened.a.bank.account .
. 4 .. But.I.didn’t.have.a.job .
. 5 .. In.the.end,.I.worked.it.out .
. 6 .. But.it.took.a.lot.of.time .
6 Speaking Skills
exercise (p. 09)
What.you.need.to.know.about.a.country.before.you.
live.in.that.country .
exercise 2 (p. 09)
Are.we.all.clear.about. .. .. ..?;.Let’s.go.to.the.next.
point .;.What.do.you.think?;.Does.anyone.have.
anything.to.add.to.that?;.Can.we.move.on
(
( (
(
(
(
(
(
( (
(
(
(
2 Open Forum 2: Answer Key
#602076-O.U.P.-Open Forum Answer Key and Test Booklet P.2
test
Chapters 1–3
part
. 1 .. c. .
2 .. a.
3 .. c
part 2
. 4 .. a. .
8 .. c
. 5 .. b. .
9 .. a
. 6 .. c. .
10 .. a
. 7 .. c
test 2
Chapters 4–6
part
. 1 .. d
part 2
. 2 .. F. .
4 .. F.
6 .. F
. 3 .. T. .
5 .. T.
7 .. T
part 3
. 8 .. b. .
9 .. a.
10 ..a
test 3
Chapters 7–9
part
. 1 .. a. .
2 .. b
part 2
. 3 .. T. .
6 .. T.
9 .. F
. 4 .. F. .
7 .. F.
10 ..F
. 5 .. F. .
8 .. T
part 3
. 11 .. T. .
12 ..T
test 4
Chapters 10–12
part
. 1 .. b. .
2 .. a.
3 .. a
part 2
. 4 .. b. .
6 .. a.
8 .. a
. 5 .. b. .
7 .. b.
9 .. b
part 3
. 10 .. b. .
11 ..a.
12 ..b
#602076-O.U.P.-Open Forum Answer Key and Test Booklet P.2
#602076-O.U.P.-Open Forum Answer Key and Test Booklet P.
Open Forum 2: Assessment Tests
3
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Test 1: Chapters 1–3
1. Read questions 1–3. Then listen to the
radio program and choose the correct
answer for each question.
. 1 .. What.does.caller.1.say.about.
Amsterdam?
a .. She.would.like.to.take.a.trip.there .
b .. She.lives.there .
c .. She.thinks.it’s.a.good.place.to.live .
. 2 .. Which.of.the.following.is.true.about.
caller.2?
a .. He.is.happy.where.he.lives.now .
b .. He.lives.in.the.city .
c .. He.would.like.to.live.in.the.city .
. 3 .. Where.does.caller.3.live.now?
a .. In.the.suburbs
b .. In.a.city
c .. In.a.small.town
2. Now read questions 4–10. Listen to
the radio program again and choose
the correct answer for each question.
. 4 .. What.part.of.the.radio.program.is.this.
extract.taken.from?
a .. The.beginning
b .. The.middle
c .. The.end
. 5 .. What.was.the.main.point.that.caller.1.
made.about.Amsterdam?
a .. It’s.a.friendly.place .
b .. People.don’t.need.cars.to.get.around .
c .. The.public.transportation.system..
is.cheap .
. 6 .. According.to.caller.1,.what.effect.do.cars.
have.on.the.environment?
a .. They.make.it.more.noisy .
b .. They.make.it.more.polluted .
c .. Both.of.the.above
You.are.about.to.hear.part.of.a.radio.program.in.which.people.discuss.the.advantages.and.
disadvantages.of.living.in.certain.places ..Before.you.listen,.think.about.the.city.or.town.where.you.
live ..What.are.the.advantages.and.disadvantages.of.living.there?
. 7 .. Which.point.does.caller.2.not.make.about.where.
he.lives?
a .. It’s.safe.for.children .
b .. The.schools.are.good .
c .. The.streets.are.cleaner.than.in.the.city .
. 8 .. How.much.time.does.caller.2.spend..
getting.to.work?
a .. More.than.he.did.before
b .. Less.than.he.did.before
c .. About.the.same.amount.of.time.as.before
. 9 .. What.does.caller.3.say.about.the.town..
where.he.lives?
a .. People.are.very.curious.about.each..
other’s.business .
b .. It’s.not.safe .
c .. It’s.a.good.place.to.do.business .
. 10 .. How.much.time.does.caller.3.spend.in.his.car?
a .. More.than.he.did.before
b .. Less.than.he.did.before
c .. About.the.same.amount.of.time.as.before
©
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#602076-O.U.P.-Open Forum Answer Key and Test Booklet P.
4 Open Forum 2: Assessment Tests
©
Oxford University Press Photocopiable
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Test 2: Chapters 4–6
You.are.about.to.hear.an.interview.about.visual.art.in.the.community ..Before.you.listen,.think.
about.the.different.kinds.of.art.you.know.about ..What.different.kinds.of.art.are.there?.What.are.
some.possible.ways.that.art.might.help.people?
1. Read question 1. Then listen to the
interview and choose the correct
answer for the question.
. 1 .. Which.of.these.topics.does.Alan.Tam.not.
talk.about?
a .. Art.for.doctors
b .. Art.for.elderly.people.and.people.
with.disabilities
c .. Art.in.schools
d .. Art.in.museums.and.galleries
2. Now read questions 2–7. Then listen
to the interview again and write T for
true or F for false for each question.
.
.2 .. .Art.for.All.helps.artists.to.sell.their.
work .
.
.3 .. .Alan.Tam.says.that.art.has.been.
important.to.people.for.a.very.long.
time .
.
.4 .. .Alan.Tam.recommends.keeping.
art.separate.from.other.subjects.in.
school .
.
.5 .. .Alan.Tam.says.that.studying.art.
from.a.certain.time.period.can.help.
students.learn.about.the.history.of.
that.time .
.
.6 .. .According.to.Alan.Tam,.older.
people.and.disabled.people.often.
don’t.enjoy.doing.art .
.
.7 .. .According.to.Alan.Tam,.art.
appreciation.classes.can.help.
doctors.diagnose.illnesses.better .
3. Read questions 8–10. Then listen to
three extracts from the interview.
After listening to each extract, choose
the correct answer for each question.
. 8 .. Urge.probably.means.
.
a .. a.sad.feeling
b .. a.strong.need.or.desire
. 9 .. Topography.probably.means.
.
a .. the.physical.features.of.an..
area.of.land
b .. the.history.and.culture.of.a.people
. 10 .. Outlet.probably.means.
.
a .. a.way.of.release.for.emotions
b .. a.challenge
#602076-O.U.P.-Open Forum Answer Key and Test Booklet P.
#602076-O.U.P.-Open Forum Answer Key and Test Booklet P.
Open Forum 2: Assessment Tests
5
Name:
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©
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Test 3: Chapters 7–9
1. Read questions 1 and 2. Then listen
to the conversation and choose the
correct answer for each question.
. 1 .. The.book.is.about.
.
a .. the.experience.of.living.without.
technology
b .. communities.that.live.without.
technology
c .. how.technology.improves.our.lives
. 2 .. The.writer.concluded.that.
.
a .. it’s.impossible.to.live.without.
technology
b .. where.possible,.people.should.use.
less.technology.than.they.do.now
c .. everybody.should.use.hand-powered.
machines
2. Read questions 3–10. Then listen to
the conversation again and write T for
true or F for false for each question.
.
. 3 .. .The.couple.lived.without.
technology.for.over.a.year .
.
. 4 .. .The.people.in.the.community.did.
not.use.any.machines.at.all .
.
. 5 .. .The.place.the.author.describes.in.
the.book.is.not.a.real.place .
.
. 6 .. .The.couple.did.not.use.a.lot.of.
money.while.they.were.there .
.
. 7 .. .The.author.disliked.the.slowness.
of.life.in.his.new.hometown .
.
. 8 .. .The.people.enjoyed.their.work.
because.they.worked.together..
and.socialized .
.
. 9 .. .The.item.of.technology.that.the.
writer.missed.the.most.was.a.car .
.
.10 .. .The.people.in.the.community.used.
tools.that.didn’t.work.well .
You.are.going.to.hear.people.talking.about.a.book.called.“Better.Off:.Flipping.the.switch.on.
technology .”.Before.you.listen,.think.about.this.title ..What.do.you.think.the.book.might.be.about?
3. Read questions 11 and 12. Then listen
to two extracts from the conversation.
After listening to each extract, write
T
for true or F for false for each
question.
.
.11 .. .The.speaker.talks.about.people.
helping.people.to.explain.why.
the.work.wasn’t.as.much.as.you.
might.expect .
.
.12 .. .The.speaker.talks.about.cars.to.
show.that.sometimes.technology.
is.expensive.and.not.always.
effective .
#602076-O.U.P.-Open Forum Answer Key and Test Booklet P.6
6 Open Forum 2: Assessment Tests
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Look.at.the.title.of.the.news.report.you.are.going.to.listen.to:.“The.Mystery.of.the.Moon.Trees .”.
What.do.you.think.the.story.might.be.about?
Test 4: Chapters 10–12
1. Read questions 1–3. Then listen to the
news report and choose the correct
answer for each question.
. 1 .. Moon.trees.are.trees.grown.from.seeds.
that.
.
a .. were.planted.on.the.moon
b .. have.traveled.to.the.moon.and.back
. 2 .. The.moon.trees.look.
.
a .. like.regular.trees
b .. much.bigger.than.regular.trees
. 3 .. The.moon.trees.were.
.
a .. distributed.to.many.people
b .. kept.in.a.laboratory.permanently
2. Read questions 4–9. Then listen to
the news report again and choose the
correct answer for each question.
. 4 .. Stuart.Roosa.took.tree.seeds.along.on.a.
space.mission.because.
.
a .. the.U .S ..Forest.Service.asked.him.to
b .. he.loved.nature.and.trees
. 5 .. The.seeds.
.
a .. were.carried.onto.the.moon
b .. stayed.in.the.space.module.as.it.
orbited.the.moon
. 6 .. The.trees.were.sent.to.places.
.
a .. around.the.United.States.and.in.
different.countries
b .. only.within.the.United.States
. 7 .. People.sometimes.find.moon.trees.
.
a .. because.they.are.only.in.parks.or.
nature.areas
b .. because.they.usually.have.a.sign..
near.them
. 8 .. Dave.Williams’.list.of.moon.trees..
has.
.
a .. sixty.or.more.trees.on.it
b .. less.than.sixty.trees.on.it
. 9 .. Examples.of.other.items.astronauts.
carried.into.space.are.
.
a .. coins,.stamps,.golf.balls,.and.golf.
clubs
b .. coins,.stamps,.golf.balls,.and.a.
sandwich
3. Read questions 10–12. Then listen to
three extracts from the news report.
After listening to each extract, choose
the correct answer for each question.
. 10 .. Mutant.probably.means.
.
a .. a.seed.that.doesn’t.grow
b .. an.animal.or.plant.with.unexpectedly.
different.characteristics.from.the.
parent.animal.or.plant
. 11 .. Scatter.probably.means.
.
a .. to.drop.or.throw.things.in.different.
directions.over.a.wide.area
b .. to.put.things.in.one.place
. 12 .. Germinate.probably.means.
.
a .. to.die
b .. to.start.to.grow
#602076-O.U.P.-Open Forum Answer Key and Test Booklet P.6
#602076-O.U.P.-Open Forum Answer Key and Test Booklet P.7
Chapter
Environmental Studies
2 Listening Practice
C Listening for Main Ideas (p. 3)
Now,.as.you.probably.know,.U .S ..inner.cities.have.been.
in.a.bad.state.for.several.decades ..They.tend.to.be.high.
crime.areas.with.a.lot.of.vacant.buildings.and.so.on ..
Today.we’ll.talk.about.how.this.happened.and.what.is.
being.done.about.it ..
Well,.first,.you.can’t.talk.about.the.decline.of.the.inner.
cities.without.looking.at.the.growth.of.the.suburbs,.
because.the.two.are.connected ..There.was—and.still.is—
a.huge.demand.for.suburban.housing.in.the.last.30,.40.
years.or.so ..So.what.we’ve.seen.all.over.the.country.is.a.
lot.of.development.of.areas.just.outside.of.cities—areas.
that.were.once.farmlands—acres.and.acres.of.land.just.
given.over.to.suburban.housing ..We.call.it.“suburban.
sprawl”.because.of.the.way.the.houses.are.kind.of.
spread.out.all.over.the.countryside ..
As.the.suburbs.grew,.the.inner.cities.declined ..Well,.you.
can.imagine.how.this.happens ..When.people.move.to.
the.suburbs.it’s.more.convenient.for.them.to.shop.at.the.
shopping.malls.closer.to.home ..So.the.department.stores.
in.the.downtown.area,.they.don’t.get.as.much.business,.
and.maybe.eventually.they.have.to.close ..You.see.this.
particularly.in.small.and.mid-size.towns ..You.might.
have.an.area.that.has.quite.a.large.population,.but.the.
downtown.is.dead—especially.at.night ..
As.a.result.of.that,.we’ve.had.growing.crime.rates.and.
poverty.in.downtown.areas ..So.people.are.afraid.to.go.
there.at.night,.and.there.ends.up.being.less.cultural.life.
in.these.towns ..
So.city.planners.have.been.trying.to.attract.people.back.
to.the.cities ..It’s.become.a.necessity,.really,.because.you.
can’t.keep.building.suburbs.forever,.and.people.don’t.
want.to.commute.two.or.more.hours.to.get.to.their.jobs ..
They.want.to.come.back.to.live.in.the.cities,.but.you.
have.to.make.the.conditions.right ..
So.how.do.you.do.that?.Well,.city.planners.are.using.
an.approach.called.“smart.growth”.as.a.way.to.plan.
neighborhoods.and.revitalize.inner.cities ..I’ll.explain.
some.of.the.main.characteristics.of.smart.growth .
Transcripts
First,.smart.growth.encourages.diversity.of.use ..For.
example,.many.planners.believe.now.that.it’s.healthy.
to.have.some.light.manufacturing—say,.bakeries.or.
printing.presses—mixed.in.with.retail.and.residential.
buildings,.all.together.in.the.same.area,.and.one.reason.
to.do.this.is.that.a.street.has.people.in.it.all.day.long ..
You’ve.got.the.people.who.work.there.during.the.
day.and.the.people.who.live.there.coming.back.in.the.
evenings ..The.area.is.used.more ..Sidewalks.are.busy ..
This.makes.it.possible.for.stores.and.restaurants.to.open.
up.to.serve.all.these.people,.which.in.turn.encourages.
more.people,.and.then.that.makes.a.neighborhood.more.
attractive .
OK,.secondly,.you.want.to.have.diversity.of.housing ..
Instead.of.having.streets.and.streets.of.identical.houses,.
like.you.have.in.the.suburbs,.you.would.have.a.mix.
of.single-family.homes,.townhouses,.and.apartment.
buildings.that.would.encourage.a.wider.range.of.
people—in.terms.of.ages.and.income.levels—to.live.in.
an.area.so.people.can.stay.in.a.community ..They.can.
move.up.to.a.larger.house,.or.move.to.a.smaller.house.
when.they.get.older,.without.leaving.the.community ..
The.other.big.aspect.of.smart.growth.is.to.make.it.
possible.for.people.to.walk.to.schools,.public.libraries,.
stores,.and.so.on ..So.you.put.these.things.within.
walking.distance.of.residential.neighborhoods ..It’s.also.
important.to.have.attractive.places.outside—places.to.
gather.or.sit.and.relax ..This.brings.people.out.onto.the.
streets ..And.streets.that.have.people.in.them.are.safer.
streets ..When.you.have.safer.streets,.you.have.more.
people.wanting.to.live.downtown ..And.that.causes.a.
demand.for.more.housing,.and.that.in.turn.revitalizes.
inner.cities.even.more .
Now.one.city.where.this.kind.of.thing.is.being.done.is.
Pittsburgh ..Let’s.have.a.look.at.some.photographs.that.
were.taken. .. .. .
4 Listening Practice
B Listening for Main Ideas (p. 6)
A = Host, B = Charles Ong
A:. Public.spaces.are.the.places.where.we.interact.with.
other.people.in.our.community:.streets,.shopping.
malls,.public.parks,.and.so.on ..Public.spaces.have.a.
huge.impact.on.the.quality.of.life.of.the.people.who.
Open Forum: Transcripts
7
#602076-O.U.P.-Open Forum Answer Key and Test Booklet P.
use.them,.especially.in.cities ..Today.we’re.going.to.talk.
about.parks ..Our.guest.is.Charles.Ong.from.the.Parks.
Planning.Association,.and.he’s.going.to.tell.us.what.
makes.a.good.public.park ..Welcome.to.the.program .
B:. Thank.you .
A:. First.of.all,.is.there.such.a.thing.as.a.bad.public.park?.I.
mean,.aren’t.all.parks.good?
B:. Well,.no ..I.think.if.you.think.about.it,.some.parks.just.
don’t.work.for.one.reason.or.another ..They’re.not.
used,.or.they’re.used.for.criminal.activity ..They’re.
usually.empty ..They’ve.got.litter.and.graffiti,.or.
they’re.just.a.green.space.put.there.with.nothing.to.
attract.people .
A:. Now.that.you.mention.it,.I.can.think.of.a.few.places.
like.that!
B:. A.good.public.park.or.any.public.space—doesn’t.have.
to.be.a.park—is.above.all,.attractive ..People.want.to.
go.there ..
A:. Give.me.an.example.of.a.public.park.that.works .
B:. Oh,.there.are.lots ..Central.Park,.in.New.York,.for.
example,.is.a.great.park ..There’s.a.lot.to.do.there ..
You’ve.got.several.museums.right.around.it,.and.in.
the.park.itself.you.have.the.Children’s.Zoo,.you.have.
an.outdoor.theater,.you.have.a.skating.rink,.lots.of.
playgrounds,.community.centers,.and.so.on—all.of.
that.brings.people.in ..Same.kind.of.thing.with.Boston.
Common,.Balboa.Park.in.San.Diego,.the.Lakefront.in.
Chicago ..I.could.go.on .
A:. But.what.about.smaller.parks?.You.can’t.always.have.
an.art.museum.or.a.zoo .
B:. No,.but.the.principle.is.the.same ..If.you’re.designing.
a.smaller.park,.you.still.need.to.provide.enough.
activities ..And.what.you.want.to.do.is.connect.the.
activities.to.each.other ..For.example,.let’s.say.you.
have.a.park.with.a.playground.in.one.corner,.and.a.
fountain.in.the.middle ..Well,.that’s.nice,.but.there’s.
not.enough.there.to.attract.people ..But.if.you.link.
the.two.together—say.you.make.a.water.feature.in.
the.playground,.or.you.make.the.fountain.safe.so.
that.kids.can.play.in.it.in.the.summer—and.if.you.
add.some.good.seating.where.people.can.watch.both.
areas,.then.you.provide.more.reasons.for.people.to.go.
there ..And.if.you.add.a.food.stand,.then.you’re.getting.
somewhere ..Food.always.attracts.people .
A:. Right,.I.get.it .
B:. You.want.to.have.it.used.by.different.kinds.of.people ..
You.want.children,.and.older.people,.and.women—
and.that,.by.the.way,.is.often.a.good.indicator.of.how.
successful.a.city.park.is ..
A:. What?.Women?.
B:. Yeah,.women.and.elderly.people ..Women.are.
generally.more.aware.of.their.surroundings ..They’re.
much.less.likely.to.sit.down.or.relax.in.public.area.if.
they.feel.uncomfortable ..
A:. Right ..Now.that.I.think.of.it,.some.places.don’t.even.
provide.places.to.sit .
B:. Yeah,.seating.is.a.big.thing ..A.lot.of.parks.don’t.have.
enough.seating,.or.it’s.uncomfortable,.or.the.seats.are.
out.in.the.wind.or.the.sun ..Ideally,.people.should.be.
able.to.move.the.seats.around ..You.get.that.in.some.
parks.in.Europe ..People.can.pick.up.a.chair.and.move.
it.wherever.they.want ..
A:. But.that.raises.some.security.issues .
B:. Yes ..It’s.only.possible.where.there’s.a.fairly.good.
security.presence ..
A:. What.about.access.to.a.park?.You.know.when.you.
spend.ages.trying.to.find.the.way.in.into.a.park?.I’ve.
had.that.experience .
B:. Yeah,.when.you’re.walking.around.and.around.
looking.for.the.entrance .
A:. Yeah .
B:. That’s.a.problem.sometimes ..But.it’s.not.just.that ..
Even.if.the.entrance.is.visible,.the.interior.has.to.be.
visible.too ..You.have.to.be.able.to.see.what’s.inside ..
You.don’t.want.people.feeling.afraid.to.go.in.there,.
like.they’re.going.to.be.mugged.or.something ..It.has.
to.be.welcoming ..
A:. You.need.to.see.where.the.paths.go.too,.right?.So.you.
can.say,.“Oh,.I’ll.take.a.shortcut.through.the.park,.and.
that.will.take.me.over.there,.or.over.there”?
B:. Right ..And.one.thing.that.drives.me.crazy.in.public.
parks.is.paths.that.don’t.lead.to.anywhere,.or.that.
don’t.go.where.people.want.to.go ..They’re.just.there.
for.the.sake.of.it ..You.want.paths.that.attract.people.
and.pull.them.along ..
A:. It.seems.so.obvious .
B:. You’d.think.so,.wouldn’t.you?.But.a.lot.of.parks.are.
put.in.with.very.little.consideration.of.how.to.make.
them.work .
Chapter 2
Psychology
2 Listening Practice
B Listening for Main Ideas (p. 11)
A = Host, B = Dr. Lynette Han
A:. Hello,.and.welcome.to.our.show ..Our.guest.today.is.
Dr ..Lynette.Han,.a.psychologist.who.does.research.
into.happiness ..She.spends.a.lot.of.time.studying.
people’s.level.of.enjoyment.during.various.activities,.
and.she’s.especially.interested.in.something.called.
“flow .”.Dr ..Han,.could.you.explain.what.flow.is?
B:. Yes,.it’s.a.concept.described.by.a.psychologist.named.
Mihaly.Csikszentmihlayi ..He.talks.about.states.of.
optimal.experience,.where.people.say.they.experience.
feelings.of.deep.concentration.and.enjoyment.during.
activities .
A:. Can.you.give.us.an.example?
B:. Of.course ..Do.you.have.an.activity.that.you.really.
enjoy?
A:. Well.I.like.a.lot.of.sports.and.I.love.cooking ..
B:. OK,.take.cooking ..Think.about.making.a.meal ..If.you.
ever.get.so.absorbed.in.preparing.the.food.that.you.
8 Open Forum: Transcripts
#602076-O.U.P.-Open Forum Answer Key and Test Booklet P.
#602076-O.U.P.-Open Forum Answer Key and Test Booklet P.
lose.all.awareness.of.time.and.other.things.around.
you—when.you.are.concentrating.so.deeply.that.you.
completely.forget.all.your.problems—then.you’re.
probably.experiencing.flow ..
A:. Oh,.I’ve.had.that.happen,.especially.when.I’m.trying.a.
new.recipe .
B:. Yes,.you’re.more.likely.to.experience.flow.with.a.
new.recipe.because.that.challenges.you ..According.to.
Dr ..Csikszentmihlayi,.one.of.the.requirements.for.a.
state.of.optimal.experience.is.that.the.activity.has.to.
be.challenging.and.require.skills ..So,.you.would.use.
your.cooking.skills.in.a.new.recipe.and.it.would.be.
challenging.because.you.hadn’t.done.it.before ..Other.
requirements.are.deep.concentration,.a.merging.of.
action.and.awareness,.a.sense.of.control,.clear.goals,.
and.immediate.feedback .
A:. Are.there.only.certain.types.of.activities.where.this.can.
happen,.or.can.it.happen.with.any.activity?.
B:. Well,.flow.can.happen.with.a.lot.of.different.activities,.
from.reading,.to.playing.chess,.to.rock.climbing;.
however,.if.you.look.at.the.requirements.we.just.
talked.about,.some.activities.wouldn’t.fit ..Think.of.
watching.TV,.for.example ..You.might.concentrate.
deeply.on.watching.a.TV.program,.but.there’s.really.
no.skill.involved.and.it’s.unlikely.to.be.challenging ..
Dr ..Csikszentmihlayi.actually.uses.a.chart.to.show.
the.relationship.between.challenge.and.skill.that.is.
necessary.for.flow.to.happen ..It.involves.low.levels.of.
boredom.and.worry,.and.high.but.balanced.levels.of.
skill.and.challenge .
A:. OK ..I.was.a.little.surprised.to.see.that.reading.is.an.
activity.that.could.create.a.state.of.flow,.but.now.
I.understand ..Reading.involves.some.level.of.skill.
and.challenge.in.terms.of.understanding.language,.
whereas.watching.TV.doesn’t.typically.offer.that .
B:. Yes,.that’s.right ..Really.there.are.so.many.activities.
that.can.lead.to.flow:.singing,.skiing,.painting,.and.a.
lot.of.games.that.we.play .
A:. Is.experiencing.flow.the.same.as.feeling.happy?.
B:. No,.there’s.definitely.a.difference ..If.you’re.in.a.state.
of.flow,.you’re.attention.is.so.focused.that.you.aren’t.
even.aware.of.how.you.feel.about.the.situation ..
Reflecting.on.whether.you.feel.happy.or.not.would.
mean.you.were.out.of.flow ..It’s.only.later,.after.the.
state.has.passed,.that.you.can.be.aware.of.the.pleasure.
of.that.state ..So,.in.that.way.it’s.different.from.flow ..
And.you.can.feel.happy.without.experiencing.flow ..
For.example,.sitting.on.a.beach.might.make.you.feel.
happy.but.not.necessarily.create.a.state.of.flow .
A:. Why.does.all.this.matter?.
B:. Well,.I.believe,.as.Dr ..Csikszentmihlayi.does,.that.
experiences.of.flow.are.pleasurable.for.people.and.
contribute.to.quality.of.life ..So,.if.people.are.more.
aware.of.which.experiences.produce.this.state,.they.
can.work.toward.including.more.of.them.in.their.lives .
A:. Well,.thank.you,.Dr ..Han ..We’re.going.to.take.a.break.
right.now .. .. .. .
4 Listening Practice
B Listening for Main Ideas (p. 14)
A = Interviewer, B = Julia
A:. OK,.Julia ..Now,.from.your.responses.it.looks.like,.
of.the.daily.activities.like.housework.and.driving,.
you’ve.rated.driving.as.giving.you.quite.high.levels.of.
enjoyment,.motivation,.and.concentration .
B:. Yes,.I.was.surprised.when.I.looked.at.my.answers.too ..I.
wouldn’t.have.expected.it,.but.now.I.realize.that.driving.
is.actually.usually.pleasant.for.me.I.mean,.obviously.
not.when.there’s.a.huge.traffic.jam.or.anything,.but.
otherwise.I.enjoy.it ..I.concentrate.on.driving,.which.
usually.means.that.I.can’t.worry.about.all.my.everyday.
concerns.and.problems ..I.have.about.a.half-hour.drive.
to.and.from.work,.so.it.allows.me.to.get.ready.for.work.
on.the.way.there.and.then.relax.and.wind.down.on.the.
way.home ..I’m.by.myself.and.I.usually.listen.to.music.or.
interesting.programs.on.the.radio ..So,.I.guess,.all.in.all,.
it’s.a.pretty.pleasant.experience.for.me ..
A:. Another.activity.with.high.ratings.was.doing.a.hobby ..
You.indicate.that.you.play.the.guitar?
B:. Yes ..I.was.thinking.of.that.when.I.answered.the.
questions ..I.usually.play.the.guitar.at.least.three.times.
a.week ..I.play.in.a.group.with.friends,.and.I.play.by.
myself,.too ..I.have.to.concentrate.when.I.play,.and.
I’m.usually.motivated.too—I.don’t.want.to.make.a.lot.
of.mistakes.when.I.play.with.my.friends ..I.just.love.
playing ..When.we.get.going.on.a.new.song,.I.just.
forget.everything.else.that’s.going.on ..
A:. Overall,.doing.housework.didn’t.rate.very.high ..
B:. No ..Housework.of.any.kind.isn’t.a.favorite.for.me .
B = Leo
A:. It.looks.like.working.with.computers.rated.highly.for.
you,.Leo ..Do.you.work.with.computers.at.your.job,.or.
is.it.a.hobby?.
B:. Actually,.both ..I.just.love.computers.so.much.that.
there.isn’t.really.that.much.difference.between.
work.and.play.for.me.when.it.comes.to.computers ..
Computer.programming.is.my.job,.but.I.also.play.
a.lot.of.computer.games.when.I’m.not.working ..A.
friend.and.I.are.actually.working.on.developing.our.
own.game.to.sell ..I.guess.some.people.might.see.that.
as.work,.but.for.us.it’s.fun ..We.get.together.and.start.
discussing.it.or.working.on.it,.and.we.can.go.for.hours.
and.hours.without.stopping ..We.sometimes.stay.up.
until.three.or.four.in.the.morning.if.we’re.trying.to.
solve.a.problem.or.something ..
A:. Well,.speaking.of.friends,.it.also.looks.like.you.rate.
socializing.highly.too ..
B:. Yes ..It.might.be.a.little.surprising.since.many.people.
think.that.people.who.love.computers.don’t.socialize,.
but.my.friends.are.really.important.to.me,.and.we.get.
together.a.lot ..Of.course,.we.talk.about.computers.an.
awful.lot,.but.we.talk.about.other.things,.too ..
Open Forum: Transcripts
9
#602076-O.U.P.-Open Forum Answer Key and Test Booklet P.20
B = Annie
A:. OK,.it.seems.like.you.enjoy.really.active.things,.
Annie?
B:. Yes,.definitely ..I.like.almost.any.kind.sport,.really,.and.
I.do.them.as.much.as.possible ..Soccer,.tennis,.running,.
whatever ..
A:. Do.you.prefer.individual.or.team.sports?
B:. Well,.both,.really ..It.depends.on.the.mood.I’m.in ..I.
play.soccer.at.least.once.a.week,.so.that’s.a.team.sport ..
But.then,.I.also.run.about.three.times.a.week,.and.
that’s.something.I.do.alone ..So.I.guess.it’s.probably.
pretty.much.a.mix.of.both .
A:. What.about.your.job?.You’ve.rated.it.in.the.middle .
B:. Yeah ..I’m.an.elementary.school.teacher,.and.I.like.
that,.but.then.I.also.coach.some.school.sports.teams:
basketball.and.soccer ..I.get.enjoyment.from.teaching,.
but.I.think.I.like.coaching.more .
A:. What.about.activities.that.are.less.active?.Do.you.
participate.in.any?
B:. Not.very.often ..I’m.home.a.few.evenings.a.week,.and.
sometimes.I.sit.down.and.watch.TV,.but.it’s.not.all.
that.often .
B = Robert
A:. So,.Robert,.a.lot.of.people.don’t.find.pleasure.in.
housework,.but.it.looks.like.you.rate.washing.dishes.
pretty.high ..
B:. Yes,.I.know.it.might.seem.a.little.strange ..I’m.an.
executive.with.a.high-pressure.job ..I’m.busy.all.the.
time,.and.I.like.doing.dishes?.But,.it’s.relaxing.for.me,.
and.it.often.turns.out.to.be.good.thinking.time ..I’m.
surprised.at.how.often.I.come.up.with.solutions.to.
problems.while.I’m.washing.dishes ..Then,.it’s.always.
satisfying.when.I.finish.and.everything.is.completely.
clean .
A:. It.looks.like.work—your.job—has.a.medium.rating ..
B:. Yes ..As.I.said,.I.have.a.pretty.high-pressure.job ..I.like.
it.and.I’m.good.at.it,.but.it’s.challenging,.and.the.
stress.gets.to.me ..So.I’m.usually.really.happy.when.
the.weekends.come .
A:. And.what.do.you.like.to.do.on.weekends?
B:. Well,.I’m.pretty.busy ..I.have.an.old.house.that.I’m.
fixing.up ..I’m.doing.all.the.work.myself,.so.there’s.
always.something.to.do.on.that ..I.enjoy.bicycling.too,.
and.since.I.don’t.have.a.lot.of.time.during.the.week,.I.
try.to.ride.a.lot.on.weekends ..
5 Pronunciation
exercise 2 (p. 6)
See.underlined.extract.from.the.interview.above.with.
Annie .
6 Speaking Skills
exercise (p. 6)
See.underlined.extract.from.the.interview.above.with.
Robert .
Chapter 3
Food Science
2 Listening Practice
B Listening for Main Ideas (p. 20)
For.many.years,.scientists.have.believed.in.the.“wisdom.
of.the.body,”.the.idea.that.our.bodies.know.what.they.
need.to.stay.healthy ..So,.by.this.theory,.when.we’re.
hungry.for.a.certain.food,.it’s.just.our.bodies.letting.us.
know.that.we.need.a.specific.nutrient ..For.example,.you.
might.crave.steak.because.you.need.protein .
But.this.idea.doesn’t.cover.the.reality.of.our.eating.
habits ..So.much.of.what.we.love.to.eat—think.of.cookies.
or.French.fries—doesn’t.offer.much.nutrition ..And.many.
people.don’t.like.foods.that.offer.lots.of.vitamins—think.
of.spinach.or.broccoli ..So,.the.idea.that.eating.only.
supports.life.doesn’t.really.offer.a.full.explanation.of.our.
eating.patterns ..
For.a.long.time,.there.was.a.lot.about.our.eating.habits.
that.was.not.fully.understood.by.scientists,.but.in.the.
last.few.years,.new.studies.have.given.researchers.more.
information .
One.discovery.is.that.humans.are.born.loving.
sweetness ..On.its.first.day.of.life,.a.newborn.baby.will.
prefer.sweetened.drinks.to.unsweetened.ones ..Sugar.
can.even.block.out.pain ..Doctors.have.found.that.babies.
won’t.mind.the.pain.of.a.needle.for.an.injection.as.much.
if.they.are.given.some.sugar.beforehand ..
Then.there.are.sour.tastes ..It’s.often.surprising.how.
much.young.children.love.sour.flavors ..Think.of.how.
many.kinds.of.candy.for.children.with.really.sour.
flavors.there.are:.lemon,.sour.apple,.and.so.on ..Candy.
companies.must.have.realized.this.a.while.ago,.but.it.
was.only.recently.that.science.confirmed.it ..A.study.
found.that.children.between.the.ages.of.five.and.nine.
years.old.actually.enjoy.the.flavor.of.concentrated.citric.
acid,.and.citric.acid.makes.things.sour ..
In.contrast,.bitter.flavors.are.mainly.appreciated.by.
older.adults ..Children.and.pregnant.women.usually.
dislike.bitter.tastes ..This.is.probably.because.bitterness.
can.be.a.sign.of.toxicity—that.something.could.be.
harmful—which.would.be.more.important.during.times.
of.growth.and.development .
However,.as.people.get.older,.they.often.develop.more.
of.a.taste.for.foods.with.a.little.bitterness ..Scientists.
think.this.could.make.sense.because.foods.like.broccoli.
or.dark.chocolate—both.of.which.have.a.slightly.bitter.
flavor—usually.also.contain.antioxidants.that.help.fight.
diseases.like.cancer ..
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#602076-O.U.P.-Open Forum Answer Key and Test Booklet P.20
#602076-O.U.P.-Open Forum Answer Key and Test Booklet P.2
So.there.are.similarities.in.taste.preferences,.but.then.
why.are.our.individual.preferences.so.different?.One.
explanation.is.that.our.preferences.are.shaped.by.our.
flavor.experiences.at.a.very.early.age,.including.before.
we’re.born ..For.example,.one.study.found.that.if.a.
pregnant.woman.drank.carrot.juice.late.in.pregnancy,.
her.six-month-old.baby.liked.carrot-flavored.cereal.more.
than.other.six-month-old.babies ..
Another.area.of.difference.involves.food.cravings—
intense.and.specific.desires.for.a.certain.food ..Scientists.
now.believe.these.are.also.probably.more.related.to.
childhood.and.culture.than.to.some.kind.of.biological.
need.for.vitamins .
A.study.by.psychologists.on.three.continents—in.the.
countries.of.Egypt,.Spain,.and.the.United.States—
looked.at.cravings.by.both.men.and.women ..Before.
the.study,.one.assumption.was.that.women.universally.
crave.chocolate,.however,.while.the.study.found.that.
women.often.crave.sweeter.food.than.men,.there.were.
differences.regarding.chocolate ..In.Spain,.both.men.and.
women.were.found.to.crave.chocolate ..But.in.Egypt,.
only.six.percent.of.women.named.chocolate.as.a.favorite.
food ..So.a.conclusion.is.that.cravings.are.not.universal.
or.based.on.biology,.but.are.more.the.result.of.our.
cultural.experiences.with.food ..
Now.family.and.culture.don’t.explain.all.of.our.
individual.differences.in.food.preferences ..Obviously,.
there.are.people.who.have.dramatically.different.
preferences.from.their.parents ..So.there’s.still.more.to.
learn ..Scientists.are.now.paying.a.lot.more.attention.to.
the.psychology.of.food.choice ..They.may.find.that.what.
we.think.about.food.could.turn.out.to.be.as.important.
as.what.we.actually.put.in.our.mouths.and.eat .
3 Vocabulary
exercise (p. 22)
A:. Let’s.go.to.The.Tea.House ..I’d.love.to.have.a.cup.of.
tea .
B:. Not.coffee?.I.prefer.drinking.coffee .
A:. No,.I.don’t.feel.like.having.coffee.right.now ..I’d.like.to.
have.a.nice.cup.of.tea .
B:. OK ..Where.do.you.want.to.go?.Can.we.go.somewhere.
that.has.coffee.too?
A:. Sure ..But,.let’s.not.go.to.Coffee.Corner ..It’s.always.
crowded.and.I.can’t.stand.waiting.in.line ..How.about.
Zeno’s?
B:. Oh.yes,.that’s.a.good.place—if.you.don’t.mind.sitting.
at.small.tables .
A:. That’s.OK .
4 Listening Practice
B Listening for Main Ideas (p. 23)
A = Host, B = Roger Sabarta
A:. Good.morning ..Today.we’re.going.to.talk.about.one.
of.my.favorite.topics:.food ..It’s.something.we.can’t.
live.without,.yet.we.might.take.it.for.granted.in.some.
ways ..Have.you.ever.stopped.to.think.about.how.our.
appetites.and.eating.habits.have.changed,.or.for.that.
matter,.considered.how.these.habits.might.change.in.
the.future?.Our.guest.today.is.Roger.Sabarta,.a.food.
scientist.who’s.done.a.lot.of.research.in.these.areas ..
Welcome.Mr ..Sabarta ..
B:. Thanks.for.having.me ..
A:. So.what’s.one.of.the.biggest.changes.in.eating.habits.
that.you’ve.found?.
B:. Well,.I’d.say.that.the.biggest.change,.and.really.the.
one.that.also.has.the.most.implications.for.health.and.
things.like.that,.is.the.amount.of.eating.out.that.most.
of.us.do.nowadays ..In.1955.the.percentage.of.food.
budgets.spent.away.from.home.was.19.percent,.and.in.
1997.it.was.38.percent. .. .. ..and.it.just.keeps.going.up ..
A:. I’d.never.really.thought.of.it,.but.of.course,.thinking.of.
my.parents.and.how.often.they.were.likely.to.eat.out.
compared.to.me.in.my.life,.well,.it’s.a.lot.different .
B:. Exactly ..And.then.kids.nowadays.eat.out.even.more.
often ..In.the.same.42.years.from.1955.to.1997,.fast.food.
consumption.increased.166.percent.for.teenage.boys .
A:. One-hundred.and.sixty-six.percent?.Wow!.So.teenage.
boys.are.eating.a.lot.more.fast.food.than.they.used.to!
B:. Yes,.it’s.really.striking ..Now.think.of.some.of.the.
effects.of.this.change.in.habit .
A:. I’d.guess.it.probably.isn’t.all.that.healthy .
B:. Not.really ..For.example,.there’s.soda.and.soft.drinks.
versus.milk ..Twenty.or.25.years.ago,.people—
especially.kids—drank.a.lot.more.milk ..Nowadays,.
people.drink.about.twice.as.much.soda.as.they.used.
to.and.a.lot.less.milk ..
A:. And.that’s.because.of.eating.out.so.much?.
B:. Yes,.at.least.to.some.extent ..Of.course.there.are.other.
factors.contributing.to.this ..The.amount.of.advertising.
done.by.the.food.and.drink.industry.goes.up.every.
year,.so.that.certainly.has.an.effect.as.well ..
A:. Does.your.research.suggest.that.this.trend.will.
continue?.
B:. Pretty.much.so ..The.strongest.influence.that.we.
see.on.this.is.income ..If.people.have.more.income,.
they.usually.eat.out.more ..However,.one.factor.that.
could.affect.this.is.age ..Older.people.typically.eat.
out.less.than.younger.people,.and.since.we.expect.
the.population.of.older.people.to.increase,.this.could.
result.in.smaller.numbers.for.eating.out ..
A:. Unless.of.course.older.people.change.their.habits.and.
eat.out.more .
B:. Absolutely ..It’s.certainly.possible ..
A:. What.else.does.your.research.predict.for.the.future?
B:. Well,.a.demand.for.more.variety.in.foods.is.definitely.
one.thing ..We’ve.already.seen.this.change.and.we.
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#602076-O.U.P.-Open Forum Answer Key and Test Booklet P.22
expect.it.to.continue ..Just.think.of.the.variety.of.types.
of.food.available.in.supermarkets.and.restaurants.
these.days .
A:. You.mean.like.Mexican.food.or.Chinese.food.and.
things.like.that?.
B:. Or.Indian.food,.or.Thai.food,.and.so.on ..
A:. Hmm,.yes ..There.are.so.many.different.types.of.
restaurants.in.my.area.compared.to.ten.years.ago ..I.
assume.this.is.because.of.immigration?.
B:. Yes,.that’s.right ..As.new.populations.come.to.the.
United.States,.of.course.they.bring.food.traditions.and.
preferences,.so.this.definitely.influences.food.trends ..
And.these.can.be.positive.influences ..For.example,.the.
consumption.of.citrus.fruit.is.expected.to.rise.over.the.
next.twenty.years.or.so.because.of.consumers.coming.
from.places.where.fruit.is.a.big.part.of.the.diet .
A:. Well,.that.would.be.good .
B:. Another.aspect.of.this.is.that.people.just.want.variety ..
They.may.love.a.special.new.flavor.of.potato.chip,.
but.after.a.while,.it.becomes.a.little.boring.and.they.
start.looking.for.another.new.flavor ..So.this.will.also.
produce.continued.variety.in.food.options .
A:. It.seems.like.we.already.see.this.a.lot ..There’s.one.
flavor.of.something.and.then.they.have.to.make.lots.of.
different.flavors ..
B:. Yes,.that’s.right .
A:. Were.there.any.surprises.in.your.predictions?
B:. Well,.I.was.a.little.surprised.that.we.expect.people.
to.want.quality.more.than.quantity.in.the.future ..
You.know.everyone.seems.to.want.quantity.right.
now—larger.hamburgers,.more.French.fries,.and.so.
on—but.our.analysis.suggests.that.this.will.change,.
that.people.will.ask.for.more.quality ..For.example,.
they.might.want.a.special.type.of.meat,.rather.than.
just.a.hamburger.and.things.like.that .
A:. Yes,.that.is.a.little.surprising ..Well,.we.have.to.stop.
here ..Thank.you.very.much,.Mr ..Sabarta .
6 Speaking Skills
exercise (p. 25)
A = Interviewer, B = Interviewee
A:. So.how.would.you.say.your.eating.habits.have.
changed.in.the.past.year?
B:. Hmm,.Let.me.think,.Well,.I’ve.been.trying.to.eat.
healthier.foods,.so.I’ve.been.eating.more.fruits.and.
vegetables ..But.I. .. .. ..I.have.to.eat.out. .. .. ..eat.out.a.lot.
for.work,.so.it’s.sometimes.a.little.hard .
A:. Is.there.anything.else.that’s.changed?
B:. Let’s.see ..I.gave.up.eating.chocolate.for.a.while,.but,.
well,.I.still.do.eat.it.occasionally .
Chapter 4
Visual Art
2 Listening Practice
B Focus on the Listening Skill (p. 28)
A = Host, B = Sandra Ellis
A:. Today.we’re.going.to.take.a.look.at.the.latest.hot.trend.
among.art.collectors:.Aboriginal.art.from.Australia ..
My.guest.today.is.Sandra.Ellis,.who.is.the.owner.and.
curator.of.the.Pine.Lake.Museum.of.Aboriginal.Art ..
Welcome.to.the.program .
B:. Thank.you .
A:. Firstly,.why.do.you.think.Aboriginal.art.has.become.so.
popular?
B:. Well,.one.reason.is.that.it’s.very.old ..The.Aboriginal.
people. .. .. ..they’re.the.original.native.Australians ..
They.live.far.from.civilization,.and.they’ve.had.very.
little.contact.with.outsiders,.so.they’ve.maintained.
their.culture—and.their.art—for.generations ..You.can.
go.to.remote.areas.in.Australia.and.see.rock.carvings.
that.date.back.at.least.thirty. .. .. ..30,000.years ..And.you.
can.look.at.the.paintings.today.and.these.are.done.by.
the.direct.descendants.of.the.prehistoric.people ..And.
you’ll.see.the.same.images,.the.same.symbols.used.in.
the.art.today ..They’ve.survived.for.thousands.of.years .
A:. I.understand.the.art.is.connected.to.the.belief.system.
of.the.people.in.some.way .
B:. Yes ..To.understand.the.art,.you.need.to.know.a.little.
bit.about.the.beliefs.of.the.Aboriginal.people ..All.of.the.
paintings.refer.to.what.they.call.“The.Dream.Time .”
A:. And.what.is.that?
B:. The.Dream.Time.refers.to.the.time.when—according.
to.the.Aboriginal.people—the.world.was.created.
and.mythical.figures,.spirits.and.animals,.wandered.
around.the.Earth ..The.people.have.stories.about.these.
figures.and.what.they.did ..They.didn’t.have.a.written.
language,.so.the.stories.were.passed.down.from.
generation.to.generation,.and.the.old.people.used.
the.art.as.a.way.of.telling.the.stories.to.the.younger.
people ..That’s.why.most.of.the.artists.are.older.people ...
They’ve.memorized.the.stories ..Through.the.art,.the.
people.kept.the.stories.alive ..
A:. What.does.a.typical.Aboriginal.painting.look.like?
B:. Well,.you.have.different.local.styles,.but.what.you.
generally.see.is.lots.of. .. .. ..lots.of.lines.and.dots.and.
circles ..So.the.effect.is.quite.abstract.and.usually.quite.
colorful ..But.you’ll.notice.shapes.and.symbols.that.
recur.again.and.again ..For.example,.there’s.a.snake,.
which.may.represent.water,.or.a.river.snaking.through.
the.desert ..Other.figures.might.represent.animals.or.
people ..Some.paintings.work.almost.like.maps:.they.
show.a.particular.place,.with.water.holes,.and.hills,.
and.camps.even ..These.kinds.of.paintings.are.about.a.
Dream.Time.story.that.happened.in.a.particular.place,.
but.some.of.them.also.give.information.about.the.place,.
like.the.locations.of.water.holes,.and.trails,.and.so.on .
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#602076-O.U.P.-Open Forum Answer Key and Test Booklet P.22
#602076-O.U.P.-Open Forum Answer Key and Test Booklet P.2
A:. I.see .
B:. But.the.important.thing.is.that.for.the.artists,.the.
art.itself—the.product—is.really.not.important ..It’s.
the.doing.of.the.art—the.process—that’s.important ..
Traditionally.the.paintings.were.done.as.part.of.a.
ceremony,.and.they.were.done.as.body.painting,.or.
on.the.ground,.and.then.they.were.washed.away ..So.
they.were.temporary ..It’s.only.recently,.since.the.1970s.
in.fact,.that.the.art.has.ever.been.done.on.canvas.or.
paper,.so.that.it.can.be.kept.and.collected ..But.it’s.still.
the.process,.really,.that.matters.to.the.artists .
A:. And.yet.their.work.now.sells.for.tens.of.thousands.of.
dollars .
B:. Hundreds.of.thousands!.Yes ..One.major.painting.
sold.for.nearly.$500,000.recently ..There.are.artists’.
co-operatives.all.over.Australia,.and.collectors.come.
from.all.over.the.world.now ..But.thirty.years.ago,.
you.couldn’t.give.the.paintings.away ..It’s.only.been.
recently.that.the.art,.and.the.culture.really,.has.come.to.
be.recognized.and.valued.for.what.it.is .
4 Listening Practice
B Listening for Main Ideas (p. 32)
Now.here.you’re.looking.at.one.of.the.most.well-known.
paintings.in.the.United.States—maybe.the.most.well-
known ..Now.if.you.haven’t.seen.the.painting.itself,.
you’ve.probably.seen.imitations.of.it.in.advertising.
and.popular.culture.in.general ..It’s.been.reproduced.on.
posters,.and.T-shirts,.and.cartoons ..And.a.lot.of.famous.
people.have.had.their.photograph.taken.in.this.pose ..So.
it’s.really.an.American.icon .
American.Gothic:.It.was.painted.in.1930.by.Grant.Wood ..
Wood.was.a.self-taught.painter.from.the.Midwest ..
He.was.from.Cedar.Rapids—that’s.a.small.town.in.
Iowa ..He.was.well.known.locally.and.a.lot.of.his.work.
is.landscapes.of.the.local.country,.farming.country ..
Wood’s.style.is.kind.of.folksy,.a.bit.like.folk.art,.but.he.
was.really.more.sophisticated.than.that ..He.traveled.to.
Europe.several.times,.and.he.was.influenced.by.Dutch.
and.German.art.that.he.saw.there,.particularly.16th-
century.Dutch.portraits,.the.ones.that.showed.people.
standing.in.their.homes,.in.their.natural.surroundings,.
holding.some.kind.of.significant.object ..And.you.can.see.
that.influence.here,.in.this.painting,.where.the.man.is.
holding.a.pitchfork .
As.you.can.see,.the.painting.shows.a.couple.standing.
in.front.of.a.house.with.a.gothic.window.in.the.
background ..Gothic.in.the.title.first.and.foremost.refers.
to.the.style.of.the.window.in.the.house. .. .. ..like.a.church ..
When.we.think.of.gothic.windows,.we.usually.think.of.
the.grand.cathedrals.of.Europe,.but.here.the.windows.
are.in.a.very.ordinary.looking.house ..
It’s.actually.not.clear.whether.the.couple.is.supposed.
to.be.husband.and.wife ..Some.people.say.that,.and.
others.say.they’re.father.and.daughter ..This.is.one.of.
the.mysteries.about.this.painting ..Wood.never.said.who.
they.were.supposed.to.be ..What.we.do.know.is.that.
the.models.for.the.painting.were.Wood’s.sister,.who.
was.thirty.at.the.time,.and.his.dentist,.who.was.62 ..At.
one.point.Wood.suggested.that.they.were.father.and.
daughter,.but.that.might.have.been.to.spare.his.sister’s.
feelings,.because.maybe.he.didn’t.want.to.suggest.that.
she.was.as.old.as.the.dentist ..We.don’t.actually.know .
The.man.and.woman.are.wearing.old-fashioned.clothes ..
Remember.this.painting.was.done.in.1930,.but.the.
clothes.are.more.like.what.people.might.have.worn.in.
the.1890s ..The.woman.has.a.dress.with.a.pattern.and.
with.ruffles.on.it ..You.can.imagine.she.probably.made.it.
herself ..And.the.man.is.wearing.a.black.jacket,.farmer’s.
overalls,.and.an.old-fashioned.type.of.shirt.without.a.
collar ..He’s.holding.a.pitchfork,.which.is.a.symbol.of.an.
old-fashioned.kind.of.farming ..In.the.background,.you.
can.see.the.house.with.the.gothic.window,.and.there’s.
some.plants.on.the.porch.downstairs ..
Now,.if.you.look.at.the.detail.of.the.painting,.you’ll.see.
that.the.gothic.lines.in.the.window.are.also.in.the.faces.
of.the.people.themselves ..They’re.kind.of.elongated ..And.
the.lines.are.sort.of.repeated.in.the.pitchfork.and.in.the.
lines.of.the.man’s.shirt ..So.it’s.not.just.the.house ..The.
Gothic.theme.is.repeated.in.other.parts.of.the.picture .
For.most.people,.the.interesting.thing.about.the.picture.
is.the.expressions.on.the.faces.of.the.couple. .. .. ..because,.
although.the.style. .. .. ..of.the.painting.is.like.folk.art.or.
something.like.that,.the.people.aren’t.idealized.in.any.
way ..They.look.sort.of.unfriendly. .. .. ..you.get.the.feeling.
that.you’re.not.welcome ..They’re.kind.of.shutting.you.
out ..It’s.like. .. .. ..they’re.defending.their.world.from.
outsiders ..The.man.looks.as.if.he’d.use.that.pitchfork.
as.a.weapon.if.necessary. .. .. .. ..And.the.woman.looks. .. .. ..
kind.of.suspicious. .. .. .. ..It’s.as.if.she’s.worrying.about.
somebody.stealing.her.laundry.or.something .
Because.of.the.expressions.on.the.faces.and.because.of.the.
title.of.the.painting,.there.was.some.bad. .. .. ..some.negative.
reaction.to.it.at.the.time ..The.word.Gothic.has.a.lot.of.
kind.of.different.connotations,.but.some.of.the.meanings.
are.dark,.a.little.scary ..And.then.other.people.point.out.
that.there’s.a.contrast.between.the.marvelous.Gothic.
architecture.in.Europe,.where.you.have.all.these.beautiful.
cathedrals,.and.the.architecture.of.the.house.here ..
Many.people.think.that.Grant.Wood.was.being.ironic,.
poking.fun.at.farmers.or.people.in.small.towns ..He.
himself.said.that.that.was.not.his.intention ..But.then,.
you.know,.he.had.to.live.there ..He.had.to.live.in.a.small.
Open Forum: Transcripts
23
#602076-O.U.P.-Open Forum Answer Key and Test Booklet P.2
town,.so.he.couldn’t.say.anything.else ..The.painting.
went.on.to.become.one.of.America’s.most.famous.
paintings,.but.there’s.always.been.this.mystery.about.it ..
What.was.the.artist.really.trying.to.say?.Nobody.really.
knows.for.sure ..What.do.you.think?
C Listening for More Detail
exercise 2 (p. 32)
See.underlined.extract.from.the.lecture.on.page.23 .
5 Pronunciation
exercise 3 (p. 33)
. 1 .. He.was.an.American.painter .
. 2 .. His.sister.was.probably.the.model .
. 3 .. It’s.a.famous.photograph .
. 4:. Who.is.the.woman.supposed.to.be?
. 5 .. It’s.a.bit.of.a.mystery .
6 Speaking Skills
exercise 2 (p. 34)
For.most.people,.the.interesting.thing.about.the.picture.
is.the.expressions.on.the.faces.of.the.couple. .. .. ..because,.
although.the. .. .. ..style.of.the.painting.is.like.folk.art.or.
something.like.that,.the.people.aren’t.idealized.in.any.
way ..They.look.sort.of.unfriendly. .. .. ..you.get.the.feeling.
that.you’re.not.welcome ..They’re.kind.of.shutting.you.
out ..It’s.like. .. .. ..they’re.defending.their.world.from.
outsiders ..The.man.looks.as.if.he’d.use.that.pitchfork.
as.a.weapon.if.necessary. .. .. .. ..And.the.woman.looks. .. ..
.. ..kind.of.suspicious. .. .. .. ..It’s.as.if.she’s.worrying.about.
somebody.stealing.her.laundry.or.something .
Chapter 5
Life Science
2 Listening Practice
B Listening for Main Ideas (p. 38)
A = Host, B = Tanya Ruiz
A:. Good.morning.and.welcome.to.Science.World ..Our.
first.story.today.takes.us.into.the.water,.actually.to.the.
bottom.of.the.ocean.in.some.cases ..Tanya.Ruiz.has.an.
interesting.story.about.oceans.and.medical.research .
B:. Hello ..So.many.of.us.love.the.ocean ..We.love.going.to.
the.beach.and.enjoying.the.sun,.sand,.and.water ..But,.
how.often.do.you.stop.and.think.about.how.important.
oceans.are?.Not.only.do.they.provide.a.place.for.
recreation,.but.they.also.give.us.food.and.energy,.and,.
more.and.more,.oceans.offer.the.possibility.of.new.
information.for.treating.human.disease,.as.well.as.new.
medicines ..
.
Researchers.have.long.searched.the.natural.world—
forests,.swamps.and.rainforests—for.substances.to.use.in.
medicine ..In.fact,.more.than.half.of.all.prescription.drugs.
are.derived.from.naturally.occurring.products ..And.now.
scientists.are.looking.to.the.oceans.for.their.research .
.
Did.you.know.that.water.covers.about.71.percent.of.
Earth’s.surface?.Yes,.71.percent ..And.97.percent.of.
that.water.is.in.the.oceans,.so.it’s.not.surprising.that.
oceans.support.the.greatest.variety.of.life.on.the.
planet ..And.now.new.technologies.allow.researchers.
to.go.deeper.into.the.ocean,.deeper.than.they’ve.
ever.been.able.to.go ..And.as.a.result,.it’s.possible.to.
study.fish.and.other.sea.life.that.they’ve.never.been.
able.to.study.before ..So.scientists.hope.this.will.
offer.new,.and.possibly.enormous,.resources.for.the.
medical.field ..
.
Now,.you.may.not.realize.it,.but.there.are.already.
some.medical.substances.in.use.today.that.were.
derived.from.the.sea ..The.horseshoe.crab,.a.very.old—
actually.ancient—marine.creature,.is.one.of.the.most.
famous.examples ..In.the.1950s,.scientists.discovered.
that.the.blood.of.the.horseshoe.crab.could.protect.
it.from.bacteria,.and.they.realized.that.this.could.
be.helpful.in.medical.procedures.for.humans ..As.a.
result,.it’s.now.commonly.used.in.hospitals.to.test.
for.contamination.that.would.be.harmful.to.humans .
Current.research.focuses.on.a.wide.range.of.ocean.life:.
from.fish.to.coral,.to.whales,.to.mud.on.the.bottom.of.
the.ocean ..
.
One.example.is.the.skate.fish ..The.skate.fish.has.
unique.eyes.and.can.see.in.total.darkness ..Researchers.
are.studying.how.the.eyes.of.this.fish.work.with.the.
hope.of.learning.more.about.eye.disease.in.humans,.
which.often.leads.to.blindness ..
.
Another.fish.that.scientists.want.to.learn.about.is.the.
toadfish ..The.toadfish.is.a.very.unattractive.fish,.but.it.
interests.scientists.because.it.can.swim.incredibly.fast. .. .. ..
about.40.times.faster.than.a.world-class.human.sprinter ..
Researchers.are.studying.the.anatomy.of.the.fish.in.the.
hopes.of.being.able.to.use.what.they.learn.to.help.with,.
among.other.things,.heart.disease.in.humans ..It.makes.
sense.that.muscles.that.can.work.as.fast.as.a.toadfish’s.
might.give.researchers.clues.about.how.to.help.human.
muscles.that.are.failing.from.disease .
.
There’s.also.a.snail.that.scientists.believe.will.offer.
a.new.painkiller ..And.then.there’s.coral ..There.are.
substances.from.coral.that.researchers.hope.might.
offer.a.way.to.combat.cancer ..And.finally,.a.possible.
innovation.in.washing.clothes:.a.bacteria.from.
whales.that.helps.break.down.oily.stains.in.laundry ..
Obviously,.this.might.help.make.a.better.laundry.
detergent.some.day .
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#602076-O.U.P.-Open Forum Answer Key and Test Booklet P.2
#602076-O.U.P.-Open Forum Answer Key and Test Booklet P.2
.
So,.there’s.a.lot.of.variety.in.the.research ..Some.
scientists.caution.that.this.is.all.a.very.slow.process,.
and.that.we.have.to.be.careful ..It.could.take.years.for.
any.one.thing.to.be.tested.and.proven.safe.and.useful,.
but.many.researchers.are.still.excited.and.hopeful ..
And.then,.of.course,.everyone.is.aware.that.it’s.
important.to.protect.the.oceans.when.we.do.this.work ..
But.this.gives.us.all.a.little.more.to.think.about.next.
time.we’re.lying.on.a.beach.in.the.sun ..This.is.Tanya.
Ruiz.for.Science.World .
D Focus on the Listening Skill
exercise 2 (p. 40)
. 1 .. In.the.1950s,.scientists.discovered.that.the.blood.
of.the.horseshoe.crab.could.protect.it.from.
bacteria,.and.they.realized.that.this.could.be.
helpful.in.medical.procedures.for.humans ..As.a.
result,.it’s.now.commonly.used.in.hospitals.to.
test.for.contamination.that.would.be.harmful.to.
humans .
. 2 .. .. .. ..with.the.hope.of.learning.more.about.
eye.disease.in.humans,.which.often.leads.to.
blindness .
. 3 .. It.makes.sense.that.muscles.that.can.work.as.fast.
as.a.toadfish’s.might.give.researchers.clues.about.
how.to.help.human.muscles.that.are.failing.from.
disease .
. 4 .. There.are.substances.from.coral.that.researchers.
hope.might.offer.a.way.to.combat.cancer .
. 5 .. .. .. ..a.bacteria.from.whales.that.helps.break.down.
oily.stains.in.laundry .
4 Listening Practice
B Listening for Main Ideas (p. 42)
Hello.everyone ..Welcome.to.the.condor.station ..I’d.like.
to.give.you.a.little.bit.of.history.and.background.for.
our.condor.recovery.program,.and.then.I’ll.answer.any.
questions.you.might.have ..
I’ll.start.with.some.history ..In.1987,.the.U .S ..Fish.and.
Wildlife.Service.captured.the.last.condor.in.the.wild.and.
put.it.into.a.breeding.program ..Imagine,.that.was.the.
last.wild.condor,.and.no.one.knew.if.the.species.could.
recover ..Fortunately,.the.surviving.condors.mated.and.
produced.offspring ..Now.after.more.than.17.years,.there.
are.149.condors.living.in.captivity.and.99.flying.free.in.
California,.Arizona,.and.Baja,.Mexico ..More.birds.are.
being.released.into.the.wild.whenever.possible,.and.we.
know.that.at.least.five.pairs.of.birds.are.mating.in.the.
wild ..So.that’s.good.news ..
Now.you.can.guess.that.we’d.want.to.keep.track.of.
the.birds.in.the.wild ..So.how.do.we.do.that?.We’ve.
used.different.tracking.systems,.but.now.GPS—global.
positioning.systems—attached.to.the.birds.give.us.our.
best.information ..Just.so.you.can.appreciate.our.work,.
think.of.trying.to.attach.one.of.the.units.to.a.bird.with.
a.nine-foot.wingspan ..Those.wings.could.come.close.
to.knocking.you.out,.and.the.beak.is.as.sharp.as.the.
sharpest.knife.in.your.kitchen ..This.part.of.the.job.can.
be.challenging ..
Anyway,.GPS.gives.us.a.lot.of.data:.geographic.
coordinates.within.14.feet.for.up.to.16.hours.a.day ..This.
is.very.specific.and.useful.information ..One.thing.we’ve.
learned.is.that.condors.fly.a.lot.more.distance.in.any.
day.than.we.ever.knew ..
We’ve.also.discovered.something.that.is.very.interesting.
and.potentially.even.more.helpful ..We’ve.found.that.
the.species.is.intelligent.and.much.more.complicated.
than.we.thought ..Until.now,.we.hadn’t.really.known.
how.much.condors.actually.have.to.learn.to.survive.in.
the.wild,.but.we.now.know.that.they.do.indeed.have.to.
learn.to.survive ..
An.example.of.this.comes.from.one.of.the.mistakes.we.
made.in.the.early.days.of.raising.baby.condors ..We.
had.humans.taking.care.of.the.babies ..The.people.wore.
puppets.on.their.hands.that.looked.like.adult.condors,.
but.they.didn’t.act.like.parent.condors ..They.just.used.
the.puppets.to.give.the.babies.food ..Then,.those.babies.
were.put.together.with.other.babies.and.had.no.contact.
with.adult.condors ..
Now.what.we.realized.later.was.that,.because.of.this.
approach,.the.baby.condors.didn’t.learn.to.be.afraid.of.
people ..After.they.were.released,.they.would.approach.
people.without.any.fear.at.all,.begging.for.food.at.
campgrounds.and.things.like.that ..They.acted.like.pets.
instead.of.wild.animals ..Obviously,.this.wasn’t.good ..
After.watching.adult.condors.with.babies,.we.realized.
that.the.parent.condors.taught.the.babies.a.lot.about.
being.cautious.and.defending.themselves ..The.parent.
condors.spent.a.lot.of.time.harassing.their.babies—
pecking.at.them.and.pushing.them.away.when.they’re.
too.curious—and.this.teaches.them.to.be.careful.and.to.
protect.themselves ..
So.now.we.consider.this.in.raising.baby.condors ..All.
the.babies.in.the.program.are.raised.either.by.an.adult.
condor.or.by.a.human.wearing.a.puppet.that.looks.like.
a.condor ..The.humans.are.trained.to.act.like.a.parent.
condor—as.I.said,.pecking.and.harassing.the.babies ..
We’ve.found.that.baby.condors.raised.in.this.way—
actually.taught.to.be.cautious—are.much.more.likely.to.
avoid.humans ..
Open Forum: Transcripts
25
#602076-O.U.P.-Open Forum Answer Key and Test Booklet P.26
Another.area.we’ve.learned.a.lot.about.because.of.the.
GPS.monitoring.is.the.way.groups.of.condors.relate.and.
work.together ..Condors.are.scavengers,.so.they.need.
to.look.for.dead.animals.to.eat ..Now.you’ve.probably.
never.thought.of.it,.but.that’s.not.the.same.as.an.
animal.that.hunts.for.food ..Think.about.it ..A.scavenger.
is.dependent.on.finding.a.dead.animal.to.eat.at.the.
right.time,.or.it.goes.hungry ..So.what.we.found.is.that.
condors.actually.share.information.about.good.locations.
for.food ..There’s.actually.a.kind.of.apprenticeship.where.
condors.work.together ..A.more.experienced.bird.helps.
a.less.experienced.bird.learn.where.to.find.food ..It’s.not.
really.something.you’d.imagine.birds.doing,.is.it?
Another.surprising.point.is.how.social.these.birds.are ..
Through.the.information.from.GPS.units,.we’ve.found.
that.birds.actually.do.like.to.socialize ..One.group.of.
birds.will.travel.about.160.miles.down.the.coast.to.visit.
another.group.and.hang.out ..That’s.something.many.of.
us.can.relate.to,.although.we.might.not.travel.160.miles.
all.that.often,.even.to.visit.a.good.friend .
So.that’s.some.background.on.the.condors ..Why.is.
this.work.important?.Well,.first.of.course.we’d.like.to.
have.wild.condors.living.without.interference.from.
us ..But.in.a.broader.sense,.we.can.always.learn ..As.
I’ve.mentioned,.we’ve.found.that.condors.are.very.
intelligent,.and.their.lives.are.more.complex.than.we’d.
realized ..So.we.never.know.what.else.we.might.learn,.
or.how.this.information.might.apply.to.other.animals’.
problems,.or.even.people’s.problems,.for.that.matter .
D Working Out Unknown Vocabulary (p. 43)
. 1 .. Fortunately,.the.surviving.condors.mated.and.
produced.offspring .
. 2 .. We.had.humans.taking.care.of.the.babies ..The.
people.wore.puppets.on.their.hands.that.looked.
like.adult.condors,.but.they.didn’t.act.like.parent.
condors ..They.just.used.the.puppets.to.give.the.
babies.food .
. 3 .. The.parent.condors.spent.a.lot.of.time.harassing.
their.babies—pecking.at.them.and.pushing.them.
away.when.they’re.too.curious .
. 4 .. Condors.are.scavengers,.so.they.need.to.look.for.
dead.animals.to.eat .
5 Pronunciation
exercise (p. 44)
. 1 .. They’re.monitoring.the.condors .
. 2 .. The.GPS.unit.gives.us.data .
. 3 .. They.learn.a.lot.about.condors .
exercise 2 (p. 44)
. 1 .. We’ve.learned.that.the.birds.fly.long.distances ..
. 2 .. These.wings.could.come.close.to.knocking.you.
out ..
. 3 .. Parent.condors.spend.a.lot.of.time.harassing.their.
babies ..
. 4 .. This.teaches.them.to.be.careful .
. 5 .. We.consider.this.in.raising.baby.condors ..
. 6 .. The.condors.socialize.together .
6 Speaking Skills
exercise (p. 44)
Q = Question, A = Answer (Biologist)
.
Q1:..How.many.condors.did.you.say.are.living.in.the.
wild?.
.
A:. I.said. .. .. ..
.
Q2:..Could.you.explain.again.how.you.attach.the.GPS.
units.to.the.condors?.It.sounds.dangerous ..
.
A:. Yes,.of.course. .. .. ..
.
Q3:..Can.you.give.another.example.of.how.the.birds.
learn?.
.
A:. Oh.yes. .. .. .
.
Q4:..What.did.you.mean.when.you.said.the.species.
is.more.intelligent.and.complicated.than.you.
thought?
.
A:. Well. .. .. ...
Chapter 6
Social Studies
2 Listening Practice
B Listening for Main Ideas (p. 47)
OK,.today.we’re.going.to.look.at.the.differences.
between.the.United.States.and.Europe.in.terms.of.
working.hours.and.time.off ..As.you’ve.seen.from.the.
figures,.there’s.a.substantial.difference ..Europeans,.on.
average,.work.less.than.we.do.in.the.United.States ..They.
have.a.shorter.workweek.and.better,.longer.vacations,.
and.this.does.not.seem.to.be.changing.in.the.near.
future ..I’m.going.to.suggest.two.reasons.for.this.and.
then.we’ll.open.it.up.for.discussion ..
OK,.first.I’d.like.to.point.out.that.it.wasn’t. .. .. ..it.hasn’t.
actually.always.been.like.this ..In.fact,.it’s.a.fairly.recent.
trend ..It.was.American.companies.that.introduced.the.
two-week.vacation.first ..And.the.40-hour.work.week,.in.
fact ..Also,.in.the.1930s.they.introduced.a.40-hour.week.
at.Henry.Ford’s.motor.plants,.and.that.was.before,.well,.
before.most.European.countries ..A.lot.of.Europeans.
didn’t.get.all.Saturdays.off.until.the.1960s.or. .. .. ..even.
the.’70s ..So.it’s.only.been.in.the.last.30.or.40.years,.in.
fact,.that.you.see.Europeans.with. .. .. ..passing.us.in.terms.
of.leisure.time .
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#602076-O.U.P.-Open Forum Answer Key and Test Booklet P.26
#602076-O.U.P.-Open Forum Answer Key and Test Booklet P.27
So.what.happened.to.cause.this?.Well,.there.are.two.
factors.that.I’d.like.to.talk.about,.to.do.with.European.
attitudes,.and.the.other.one.to.do.with.the.American.
workplace ..Oh,.and.when.I.say.American.here,.I.mean.
the.United.States ..I’m.not.talking.about.Canada.here ..
Anyway,.first.the.Europeans.have.legislation ..They’ve.
introduced.laws.around.leisure.time ..For.example,.in.the.
1990s.the.French.government.reduced.the.work.week.
to.35.hours ..The.European.Union.actually.requires.now.
four.weeks.paid.leave.every.year.for.all.employees ..
Many.countries.have.more.than.that ..Workers.have.
bargained.for.five.weeks,.in.countries.like.Germany.
and.Italy ..And.that.time.is.very.important.to.European.
workers ..If.you.ever.go.to.Europe.in.August,.you.notice.
it.immediately:.almost.everything.is.shut.down,.and.
everyone’s.on.vacation ..
Now.if.you.look.at.the.countries.that.have.not.had.
legislation,.these.are.precisely.the.places.where.people.
tend.to.work.longer.hours ..Britain.is.an.example ..They.
work.longer.hours.there.than.in.the.rest.of.Europe ..But.
they.still.work.less—much.less—than.Americans.do ..
They.expect.their.four-week.vacation.in.the.summer,.
and.if.you.took.that.away,.people.would.get.very.upset .
Compare.that.to.the.United.States ..Well,.here.it’s.up.to.
the.employer.to.provide.or.not.provide.that.vacation.
time ..So.while.some.employers.do.indeed.provide.
excellent.benefits.of.all.kinds,.including.vacation.time.
for.their.employees,.the.majority.stick.to.the.standard.
two.weeks ..And.something.like.twenty-two.and.a.half.
million.private.sector.employees.don’t.get.any.paid.
vacation.at.all .
Now.let’s.turn.to.the.other.factor.in.all.of.this,.and.
that’s.the.American.workplace ..The.situation.here.is.
that.there’s.less.job.security.and.workplaces.are.more.
competitive ..So.companies.can.demand.more ..It’s.not.
unusual.to.see. .. .. ..for.companies.to.demand.more.
than.50.hours.a.week.from.top.people ..And.workers.
are.afraid.of.losing.their.jobs,.so.they.want.the.boss.to.
see.them.working.hard ..So.in.some.cases.even.though.
they’re.getting.the.vacation.time,.they.don’t. .. .. ..they’re.
not.taking.it ..There’s.too.much.pressure,.and.that’s.
happening.at.all.income.levels ..European.workers.tend.
to.have.more.job.security ..
So.I’ve.described.the.main.reasons.for.the.differences.
between.Europe.and.the.United.States.in.terms.of.
working.hours.and.leisure.time ..But.really.what.it.really.
comes.down.to.is,.I.think,.the.Europeans.have.made.a.
choice ..Both.Europe.and.the.United.States.have.become.
more.prosperous,.but.the.Europeans.have.chosen.to.take.
their.prosperity.in.time,.whereas.Americans.seem.to.just.
want.to.work.harder.and.harder .
4 Listening Practice
B Listening for Main Ideas (p. 51)
A = Host, B = Man, C = Woman, D = Jenny Huang
A:. Good.morning,.and.welcome.to.the.program ..
According.to.a.report.out.this.week,.the.United.States.
is.still.a.nation.of.entrepreneurs:.the.number.of.single-
person.businesses,.or.people.who.are.self-employed,.
has.increased.to.seventeen.and.a.half.million,.up.
from.seventeen.million.last.year,.according.to.the.
U .S ..Census.Bureau ..This.morning,.we.look.at.the.
trend.towards.self-employment.and.freelancing.that’s.
happening.all.over.the.United.States ..But.first,.let’s.go.
out.on.the.street.and.talk.to.some.people.who.are.on.
the.front.lines ..What.do.you.do?
B:. I.have.three.different.jobs ..I’m.a.substitute.teacher,.I.
write.for.a.web.site,.and.I.volunteer.at.an.art.museum .
A:. Wow ..How.do.you.juggle.all.that?
B:. Well,.it’s.not.all.that.bad ..I.only.teach.for.a.couple.of.
days.a.week,.two.or.three.days.a.week,.usually ..And.
I.do.the.web.site.work.at.home. .. .. ..often.during.the.
evenings ..So.there’s.not.that.much.conflict ..You.could.
call.it.variety .
A:. So.you.enjoy.working.in.three.different.places?
B:. Right.now,.yeah ..I. .. .. ..I.really.do ..Especially.with.
the.teaching ..When.you’re.a.sub,.you.don’t.get. .. ..
..you.don’t.get.involved.in.the.day-to-day.stuff,.or.
the.paperwork,.or.the.politics ..You.just.go.in.and.do.
the.job,.and.then.you.go.home ..And.it’s.flexible ..If.I.
don’t.want.to.work,.I.don’t.have.to ..But.if.I.feel.that.I.
need.to.work.more,.I.ask.for.more.teaching.hours ..If.
I.had.a.full-time.job,.I.think.I’d.get.burned.out ..And.I.
wouldn’t.be.able.to.do.the.other.work,.which.I.really.
enjoy .
A:. What.about.health.benefits?
B:. Well,.I.get.health.insurance.through.my.wife’s.job,.so.I.
don’t.have.to.worry.about.that ..
A:. Tell.me.about.your.job .
C:. I’ve.just.set.up.my.own.baking.business ..I.make.cakes.
for.special.occasions—weddings.and.that.sort.of.thing .
A:. Really?.Why.did.you.do.that?.
C:. Well,.I.had.a.full-time.job,.but.I.got.laid.off ..So.I.
decided.to.go.out.on.my.own ..
A:. And.how’s.it.going?
C:. Well,.I.don’t.have.very.many.expenses.because.I’m.
living.and.working.at.my.parents’.house,.so.I.don’t.
have.to.pay.rent ..It’s.going.OK ..I’m.getting.by ..It.takes.
a.while,.you.know,.to.get.known ..It’s.been.a.learning.
experience ..I’ve.learned.a.lot.about.managing.a.
business .
A:. What.are.your.plans.for.the.future?
C:. Well,.I.need.to.work.on.marketing—getting.out.there.
and.selling.myself ..I’m.not.very.good.at.that.part.of.it ..
Ideally.I’d.like.to.work.with.a.partner.that.could.do.
that ..Maybe.I’d.like.to.have.my.own.place.some.day,.
but.right.now.I’m.just.taking.it.a.day.at.a.time .
A:. Back.to.the.studio.now,.and.if.you’ve.just.joined.us,.
the.subject.is.the.recent.report.that.shows.seventeen.
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#602076-O.U.P.-Open Forum Answer Key and Test Booklet P.2
and.a.half.million.self-employed.people.in.the.United.
States ..We’re.talking.to.labor.specialist.Jenny.Huang ..
Welcome.to.the.program,.Jenny .
D:. Thank.you .
A:. Jenny,.can.you.tell.us.who.these.seventeen.and.a.half.
million.people.are?.
D:. Well,.there.are.different.types.of.people.in.this.
category ..There.are.the.entrepreneurs,.like.the.young.
lady.that.you.interviewed,.the.ones.that.have.their.
own.one-person.business ..They’re.the.ones.we.usually.
think.of.when.we.think.of.self-employment ..But.
then.there.are.freelancers,.who.might.go.to.work.in.
different.places,.or.work.on.a.contract.basis ..And.there.
are.the.people.who.are.employees.but.who.also.work.
for.themselves.part-time,.like.the.first.person.you.
spoke.to .
A:. What.kind.of.work.do.these.people.do?
D:. Well,.the.greatest.rise.in.self-employment.has.
been.in.professional.and.business.services ..That.
would.include.people.like.freelance.Web.designers,.
marketing.consultants,.and.so.on ..The.second.biggest.
category.is.construction.workers ..That.would.include.
carpenters,.painters,.electricians,.and.so.on,.who.work.
for.themselves ..
A:. And.why.do.you.think.self-employment.is.on.the.rise?.
Are.we.really.a.nation.of.entrepreneurs,.or.is.there.
something.else.going.on.here?
D:. Well,.some.of.it’s.economic ..There.are.people.who’ve.
been.laid.off,.so.they’ve.decided.to.go.out.on.their.
own ..Another.reason.is.the.growth.of.the.software.
industry.and.the.media,.where.they’ve.always.used.
a.lot.of.freelancers:.writers,.and.programmers,.and.so.
on ..There.are.a.lot.of.people.working.in.those.areas.
now ..But.there’s.also.been.a.change.in.attitudes ..There.
are.more.people.who.want.the.advantages.of.self-
employment ..They’re.finding.it.preferable,.being.able.
to.manage.their.own.time,.for.example .
A:. They.want.to.have.more.control.over.their.own.
schedules .
D:. Exactly .
A:. What.are.the.downsides.to.self-employment?
D:. Well,.a.lot.of.people.underestimate.the.amount.of.
time.you.have.to.put.into.the.business.side.of.things,.
especially.marketing,.and.especially.at.the.beginning ..
It’s.not.enough.to.be.good.at.something ..You.have.to.
be.able.to.sell.yourself ..Some.people.should.just.never.
go.into.self-employment.because.marketing.isn’t.their.
strength ..
A:. Uh-huh .
D:. The.other.thing.is.to.be.organized,.especially.with.
your.time ..You.have.to.be.able.to.manage.your.time ..
You.need.a.business.plan,.and.you.really.have.to.be.
very.organized.to.be.a.successful.freelancer .
D Working Out Unknown Vocabulary (p. 52)
. 1 .. This.morning,.we.look.at.the.trend.towards.self-
employment.and.freelancing.that’s.happening.all.
over.the.United.States ..But.first,.let’s.go.out.on.
the.street.and.talk.to.some.people.who.are.on.the.
front.lines .
. 2 .. B:. .I.have.three.different.jobs!.I’m.a.substitute.
teacher. .. .. ..I.write.for.a.web.site. .. .. ..and.I.
volunteer.at.an.art.museum .
.
. A:. Wow ..How.do.you.juggle.all.that?
. 3 .. B:. .I’ve.just.set.up.my.own.baking.business ..I.
make.cakes.for.special.occasions. .. .. ..weddings.
and.that.sort.of.thing .
.
. A:. Really?.Why.did.you.do.that?.
.
. B:. .Well,.I.had.a.full-time.job,.but.I.got.laid.off ..So.
I.decided.to.go.out.on.my.own ..
. 3 .. A:. And. .. .. ..how’s.it.going?
.
. B:. .Well,.I.don’t.have.very.many.expenses.
because.I’m.living.and.working.at.my.parents’.
house.so.I.don’t.have.to.pay.rent ..It’s.going.
OK. .. .. ..I’m.getting.by ..It.takes.a.while. .. .. ..you.
know. .. .. ..to.get.known .
. 4 .. D:. .Well,.there.are.different.types.of.people.in.
this.category ..There.are.the.entrepreneurs,.like.
the.young.lady.that.you.interviewed. .. .. ..the.
ones.that.have.their.own.one-person.business ..
They’re.the.ones.we.usually.think.of.when.we.
think.of.self-employment .
5 Pronunciation
exercise (p. 53)
Extract 1.
Well,.I.don’t.have.very.many.expenses.because.I’m.
living.and.working.at.my.parents’.house.so.I.don’t.
have.to.pay.rent ..It’s.going.OK ..I’m.getting.by ..It.takes.
a.while,.you.know,.to.get.known ..It’s.been.a.learning.
experience ..I’ve.learned.a.lot.about.managing.a.business .
Extract 2.
Well,.some.of.it’s.economic ..There.are.people.who’ve.
been.laid.off,.so.they’ve.decided.to.go.out.on.their.own ..
Another.reason.is.the.growth.of.the.software.industry.
and.the.media,.where.they’ve.always.used.a.lot.of.
freelancers:.writers,.and.programmers,.and.so.on ..There.
are.a.lot.of.people.working.in.those.areas.now,.but.
there’s.also.been.a.change.in.attitudes .
6 Speaking Skills
exercise (p. 54)
A = Rosa, B = Sam
A:. I.think.the.most.important.thing.is.to.have.a.job.that.
you.love,.and.do.work.that.you.enjoy ..
B:. Yeah ..But.not.everybody.can.do.that ..Some.people.
aren’t.in.a.position.to.. .. .. ..you.know. .. .. ..follow.their.
dream.or.whatever ..Some.people.just.have.to.take.
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#602076-O.U.P.-Open Forum Answer Key and Test Booklet P.2
whatever.job.they.can.find .
A:. Yeah ..I.realize.that ..But.it’s.important.to.try.to.find.
work.that.is.meaningful.to.you .
B:. I.don’t.know ..I.think.job.security.is.more.important.
to.some.people ..They.just.want.a.paycheck.they.can.
depend.on. .. .. ..especially.if.they.have.a.family .
Chapter 7
Language and Communication
2 Listening Practice
B Listening for Main Ideas (p. 57)
A = Lecturer, B = Audience Member 1,
C = Audience Member 2
A:. Good.afternoon,.today’s.lecture.is.about.different.
languages.spoken.in.the.United.States ..The.Modern.
Language.Association.has.put.together.data.on.the.
numbers.of.speakers.and.the.locations.of.the.thirty.
most.commonly.spoken.languages.in.the.United.
States .
.
Let.me.first.explain.how.the.information.was.
gathered ..The.data.came.from.U .S ..census.information ..
In.addition.to.the.usual.census.questions.about.
number.of.family.members.and.age,.people.were.
asked.about.language—if.a.language.other.than.
English.was.spoken.at.home ..If.the.answer.was.“Yes,”.
then.the.person.was.asked.to.name.the.language .
.
You.might.be.surprised.at.how.many.different.
languages.were.reported:.300 ..Yes,.300.different.
languages.are.spoken.in.the.United.States ..The.
Modern.Language.Association.focuses.on.the.thirty.
most.common.languages ..Of.course,.English.is.the.
number.one.language,.Spanish.is.the.second.most.
common,.Chinese.is.the.third,.and.French.is.the.
fourth .
.
Now.the.Modern.Language.Association.has.put.all.
this.information.together.in.different.ways,.so.for.
example,.you.can.look.up.a.particular.language,.let’s.
say,.Korean,.and.see.how.many.speakers.there.are.
throughout.the.United.States ..There.are.almost.900,000.
Korean.speakers.in.the.United.States ..Then,.you.can.
see.how.that.compares.to.the.total.number.of.speakers.
of.languages.other.than.English ..So.of.the.people.
who.speak.another.language,.2.percent.are.Korean.
speakers ..It’s.also.possible.to.see.how.many.Korean.
speakers.there.are.in.different.areas ..Two.main.areas.of.
concentration.are.Southern.California.and.Washington.
State ..
.
Now.another.way.you.can.look.at.the.information.is.
by.starting.with.place.the.entire.United.States,.a.state,.
a.county,.or.a.city,.so,.for.example,.looking.at.the.state.
of.Texas. .. .. ..in.Texas,.English.is.spoken.at.home.by.just.
over.68.percent.of.people ..Of.the.people.who.speak.
another.language,.86.percent.speak.Spanish,.and.it’s.
only.1.or.2.percent.for.any.of.the.other.languages ..
So.Spanish.really.is.the.predominant.language.other.
than.English.in.Texas ..Now,.you.can.then.compare.
that.information.to.other.states ..For.example,.looking.
at.the.state.of.New.York. .. .. ..in.New.York,.a.little.over.
72.percent.of.people.speak.English.at.home ..Of.the.
speakers.of.other.languages,.49.percent.speak.Spanish,.
and.then.8.percent.speak.Chinese,.6.percent.speak.
Italian,.and.4.percent.speak.Russian,.and.4.percent.
speak.French ..So.you.can.see.that.there.are.a.lot.of.
Spanish.speakers.in.New.York,.but.there.are.also.other.
languages.spoken—more.so.than.in.Texas .
.
OK ..so.there.are.different.ways.to.look.at.this.data ..
Let’s.talk.about.possible.ways.this.information.could.
be.used.or.why.it’s.important ..I’d.like.to.open.this.
up.for.discussion ..Do.you.have.any.ideas?.Yes,.in.the.
front.row?
B:. I.think.this.could.be.important.for.educational.
purposes ..You.know,.so.people.know.what.kinds.of.
classes.might.be.needed.in.the.schools.and.things.like.
that ..And.I.think.it’s.also.important.to.understand.the.
cultural.make-up.of.the.United.States .
A:. Yes,.definitely ..Anyone.else?.Yes?
C:. Isn’t.it.also.important.to.be.aware.of.possible.language.
change. ..You.know,.if.one.language.is.being.used.less.
or.more.over.time?
A:. Yes,.absolutely ..OK,.we’re.out.of.time,.but.we’re.going.
to.talk.about.language.change.next.week,.so.we’ll.
discuss.it.more.then .
D Focus on the Listening Skill
exercise (p. 58)
See.underlined.extract.from.the.lecture.above .
3 Vocabulary
exercise 3 (p. 59)
. 1 .. In.Michigan,.almost.92.percent.of.people.speak.
English.at.home ..
. 2 .. Just.over.72.percent.of.people.speak.English.at.
home.in.New.York ..
. 3 .. A.language.other.than.English.is.spoken.by.just.
under.40.percent.of.people.in.California ..
. 4 .. There.are.less.than.100.students.at.the.school.right.
now ..
. 5 .. Many.people.believe.that.more.than.half.of.all.
languages.in.the.world.could.be.lost ..
. 6 .. There.are.something.like.91,000.speakers.of.
Chinese.in.Texas .
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29
#602076-O.U.P.-Open Forum Answer Key and Test Booklet P.0
4 Listening Practice
B Listening for Main Ideas (p. 61)
A = Claudia, B = Alan
A:. Our.presentation.today.is.on.language.change.and.
language.loss.in.the.world ..First.we’ll.talk.about.what.
the.situation.is,.and.then.we’ll.give.some.examples.of.
programs.being.implemented ..Alan,.do.you.want.to.
begin?
B:. OK ..First,.some.background.on.the.situation ..There.
are.actually.differing.views.on.how.many.languages.
exist.in.the.world.today ..Most.estimates.say.that.there.
are.somewhere.between.6,000.and.6,800.languages.still.
in.use ..Unfortunately,.many.of.these.languages.are.in.
danger.of.disappearing.of.becoming.extinct ..Now,.it’s.
hard.to.find.an.exact.estimate.on.how.many,.but.some.
people.believe.that.as.many.as.half.of.the.languages.
still.in.use.could.be.lost.by.the.end.of.the.century ..
Think.of.it:.half.of.the.languages.that.exist .
A:. Here’s.a.more.specific.example.of.how.languages.are.
being.lost ..An.article.in.the.magazine.Nature.in.2003.
stated.that.there.are.46.different.people.around.the.
world.who.are.the.last.remaining.speakers.of.their.
language .
B:. Wow ..Imagine.if.you.were.the.only.speaker.of.your.
language.left .
A:. Yes ..Now.one.of.the.problems.with.all.this.is.that.it’s.
very.difficult.to.get.complete.agreement.on.actual.
language.numbers.and.then.it’s.also.hard.to.find.
agreement.on.the.number.of.languages.that.are.at.risk.
of.disappearing ..One.of.the.big.reasons.for.this.is.that.
the.criteria.used.are.often.very.different ..
B:. Let’s.look.at.an.example ..For.instance,.some.
researchers.might.consider.a.language.in.danger.if.
there.are.less.than.10,000.speakers.of.it.left.while.other.
researchers.might.not.consider.a.language.in.danger.
until.there.are.only.500.speakers.left ..The.point.is.that.
different.researchers.have.different.ideas.about.when.
they.might.say.that.a.language.is.really.in.danger.of.
disappearing,.so.it’s.a.problem ..
A:. But.for.the.most.part.they.all.agree.that.languages.are.
in.fact.disappearing ..
B:. Oh.yes,.that’s.true ..And.most.agree.that.it’s.happening.
quite.quickly .
A:. So,.then.the.question.is.why.is.this.important?.Should.
we.be.concerned.about.language.loss?.Obviously,.
people.might.have.differing.opinions.on.this ..Some.
people.might.say.that.it.doesn’t.matter.too.much ..
that,.in.fact,.fewer.languages.could.make.it.easier.to.
communicate .
B:. Another.viewpoint.is.that.it.is.important,.that.we.
don’t.actually.know.what.information,.traditions,.
or.things.like.that.we’re.losing.when.a.language.
disappears .
A:. So.that’s.the.situation.in.terms.of.language.loss ..The.
good.news.is.that,.there.are.some.actions.that.appear.
to.help ..And.there.are.some.examples.of.languages.
that.are.in.a.better.state.than.they.were ..For.example,.
Welsh,.the.language.spoken.in.Wales ..There.were.
fewer.and.fewer.speakers.of.Welsh.in.Wales.as.more.
people.started.speaking.English.exclusively ..But.the.
country.started.working.very.hard.to.increase.the.
number.of.speakers.of.Welsh:.teaching.and.using.
Welsh.in.the.schools.and.encouraging.the.use.of.Welsh.
in.public.forums,.and.there.has.been.some.progress ..
B:. Native.American.languages.in.North.America.
are.another.example ..There.were.once.more.than.
250.languages.spoken.by.Native.Americans ..
Unfortunately,.experts.now.estimate.that.there.are.
only.about.150.language.still.in.use,.and.even.more.
unfortunate,.experts.think.that.very.few.of.these.
are.likely.to.exist.in.60.years ..But,.there.are.some.
interesting.programs.being.used.to.try.to.keep.some.
of.the.languages.alive ..Claudia,.can.you.give.some.
examples?.
A:. Yes ..One.typical.problem.is.that.in.many.cases.the.
remaining.speakers.are.elderly ..So.they’re.trying.to.
take.advantage.of.the.older.people’s.knowledge.while.
they.still.can ..They.tape-record.the.older.people.who.
can.speak.the.language,.in.order.to.have.an.audio.
record.of.the.language ..In.some.cases,.they.also.might.
have.a.linguist.work.with.the.older.people.to.get.
information.about.grammar.and.vocabulary ..It’s.a.
little.sad,.but.obviously,.having.all.that.information.
recorded.gives.the.possibility.that.they.can.still.work.
on.the.language.even.after.these.remaining.speakers.
are.gone .. .. .. ..Another.way.they.use.the.knowledge.
that.the.elders.have.is.by.having.the.older.people.
work.with.the.children ..They.baby-sit,.or.help.with.
preschool,.and.speaking.the.language ..They’re.doing.
this.with.the.Navajo.language.in.the.Southwest ..
B:. It’s.interesting.because.in.some.places.distance.is.a.
real.problem .
A:. Like.in.Alaska?.
B:. Yes,.Alaska.is.a.good.example ..People.might.not.be.
able.to.get.together.to.speak.because.of.distance,.so.
they.teach.and.learn.over.the.phone ..
A:. Now.as.Alan.mentioned,.with.some.of.the.Native.
American.languages.there.are.actually.no.longer.
any.living.speakers ..So.there.are.also.some.examples.
where.people.are.trying.to.learn.the.language.of.their.
ancestors.by.studying.old.records ..Obviously,.this.
would.be.a.very.difficult.process ..
B:. Yes,.and.it.is.important.to.say.that.these.kinds.of.
programs.are.difficult,.and.slow ..In.the.end,.they.may.
not.be.enough .
A:. Yes,.true ..Are.there.any.questions?
5 Pronunciation
exercise 3 (p. 62)
. 1 .. My.French.book.cost.sixty.dollars .
. 2 .. I.have.about.forty.CDs .
. 3 .. Thirteen.thousand.people.went.to.the.concert .
. 4 .. Seventy.people.work.in.my.office .
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#602076-O.U.P.-Open Forum Answer Key and Test Booklet P.0
#602076-O.U.P.-Open Forum Answer Key and Test Booklet P.
. 5 .. It.was.eighteen.degrees.Fahrenheit.outside.
yesterday .
. 6 .. Fifteen.million.people.watched.that.TV.program.
last.night .
Chapter 8
Technology
2 Listening Practice
B Listening for Main ideas (p. 65)
A = Presenter, B = Writer
A:. Can.you.tell.us.a.little.bit.about.your.current.project?.
What.are.you.working.on.now?
B:. I’m.writing.a.book.about.some.of.the.most.important.
technological.inventions.of.the.19th.and.early.20th.
centuries ..It’s.about.how.things.like.the.typewriter.or.
the.fax.machine.were.developed,.and.so.on .
A:. That.sounds.really.interesting .
B:. It.is ..It’s.fascinating ..The.personalities.behind.the.
inventions.are.particularly.fun.to.read.about ..Like. .. ..
..a.lot.of.inventors.were.amateurs,.and.some.of.them.
were.considered.to.be.nuts. .. .. ..crazy!.But.they.had.this.
.. .. ..incredible.determination ..They.believed.absolutely.
in.what.they.were.doing .
A:. Umm .
B:. Take.George.Eastman,.for.example ..He.was.a.keen.
photographer,.and.he.was.about.to.go.on.vacation.
to.the.Caribbean,.to.take.pictures ..But.then.the.night.
before.he.was.supposed.to.leave,.he.looked.at.all.of.
this.photo.gear.and.in.the.1870s.the.photo.gear.was.
incredibly.cumbersome,.all,.you.know,.glass.plates.
and.chemicals.and. .. .. ..equipment.and.so.on—and.
he.said.to.himself,.“I’m.not.carrying.all.this.stuff .”.
There’s.got.to.be.an.easier.way.to.take.photographs!.
So.he.canceled.his.vacation,.quit.his.job,.stayed.home,.
and.invented.film.instead .
A:. That’s.great!
B:. The.guy.was.a.bank.clerk,.twenty-four.years.old!.But.
that.was.the.mood.at.the.time,.you.know?.Talk.about.
a.positive.attitude!.It.was.a.real.can-do.spirit ..People.
were.asking.questions:.“Hmmm ..I.wonder.if.we.could.
have.a.machine.that.does.this?”.or,.you.know,.“Why.
can’t.we.do.that?”.And.then.they.would.set.out.to.do.
it,.and.they.wouldn’t.give.up .
A:. But.then.they.also.discovered.things.by.accident?
B:. Oh.yes,.like.the.microwave.oven ..The.microwave.
oven.was.actually.developed.from.the.magnetron. .. .. ..
that’s.the.power.tube.that.drives.a.radar.machine ..One.
day,.this.scientist—Percy.Spencer.was.his.name—was.
standing.next.to.a.magnetron,.and.he.had.a.chocolate.
bar.in.his.pocket ..And.the.chocolate.melted ..So.he.
said,.“Huh ..That’s.interesting .”.So.the.next.day.he.
came.in.with.popcorn,.and.guess.what.happened?
A:. Pop .
B:. Yes ..And.that.essentially.was.where.the.idea.of.the.
microwave.came.from. .. .. ..just.by.chance,.really ..It.was.
called.a.“Radarange”.because.of.the.radar ..Of.course,.
it.took.a.while.to.be.developed,.and.so.on,.but. .. .. ..
A:. But.that.happened.too,.didn’t.it?.A.lot.of.things.didn’t.
take.off.immediately,.didn’t.necessarily.find.a.market,.
right?
B:. Right ..Some.products.were.just.not.in.the.right.place.
at.the.right.time ..The.classic.example.of.that.was.
the.fax.machine ..I.bet.you.didn’t.know.we.had.fax.
machines.before.we.had.telephones .
A:. Really?
B:. Yes ..The.French.were.using.very.effective.fax.
machines.in.the.1860s,.before.the.telephone,.in.fact ..
But.the.idea.never.took.off ..At.that.time,.people.were.
more.interested.in.the.telegraph ..
A:. That’s.amazing ..
B:. Yes ..People.have.to.be.ready.for.a.new.thing.before.
they’ll.accept.it ..It.took.Remington.years.to.convince.
people.to.use.a.typewriter ..Everybody.said,.“Oh,.it’s.
great,.it’s.the.wave.of.the.future,.it’s.a.wonderful.
machine,”.but.they.wouldn’t,.you.know. .. .. ..for.ten.
years.it.didn’t.sell ..And.that.was.because.letters.were.
handwritten ..That.was.what.you.did ..There.was.a.
whole.art.to.writing.letters ..People.didn’t.think.it.was.
appropriate.to.type.them,.because.what.was.typeset.
was.mainly.used.for.advertising ..So.if.people.got.a.
typewritten.letter,.they.were.either.offended,.or.they.
thought.it.was.junk.mail ..
A:. I.guess.you.had.to.convince.enough.people.at.one.
time .
B:. Right!.Eventually.businesses.started.using.them ..And.
then.everyone.had.to.have.one ..But.it.took.about.ten.
years.for.the.typewriter.to.become.really.popular .
D Focus on the Listening Skill
exercise (p. 66)
A = Writer, B = Presenter
A:. A.lot.of.inventors.were.amateurs,.and.some.of.them.
were.considered.to.be.nuts. .. .. ..crazy!.But.they.had.this.
.. .. ..incredible.determination ..They.believed.absolutely.
in.what.they.were.doing .
B:. Umm .
A:. Take.George.Eastman,.for.example. .. .. ..
A:. So.he.canceled.his.vacation,.quit.his.job,.stayed.home,.
and.invented.film.instead .
B:. That’s.great!
A:. The.guy.was.a.bank.clerk,.twenty-four.years.old!.But.
that.was.the.mood.at.the.time,.you.know?.Talk.about.
a.positive.attitude!.It.was.a.real.can-do.spirit .
exercise 3 (p. 67)
A = Presenter, B = Writer
A:. But.then.they.also.discovered.things.by.accident?
B:. Oh.yes,.like.the.microwave.oven ..The.microwave.
oven.was.actually.developed.from.the.magnetron. .. .. ..
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that’s.the.power.tube.that.drives.a.radar.machine ..One.
day,.this.scientist—Percy.Spencer.was.his.name—was.
standing.next.to.a.magnetron,.and.he.had.a.chocolate.
bar.in.his.pocket ..And.the.chocolate.melted ..So.he.
said,.“Huh ..That’s.interesting .”.So.the.next.day.he.
came.in.with.popcorn,.and.guess.what.happened?
A:. Pop .
B:. Yes ..And.that.essentially.was.where.the.idea.of.the.
microwave.came.from. .. .. ..just.by.chance,.really .
exercise 4 (p. 67)
A = Presenter, B = Writer
B:. Yes ..People.have.to.be.ready.for.a.new.thing.before.
they’ll.accept.it ..It.took.Remington.years.to.convince.
people.to.use.a.typewriter ..Everybody.said,.“Oh,.it’s.
great,.it’s.the.wave.of.the.future,.it’s.a.wonderful.
machine,”.but.they.wouldn’t,.you.know. .. .. ..for.ten.
years.it.didn’t.sell ..And.that.was.because.letters.were.
handwritten ..That.was.what.you.did ..There.was.a.
whole.art.to.writing.letters ..People.didn’t.think.it.was.
appropriate.to.type.them,.because.what.was.typeset.
was.mainly.used.for.advertising ..So.if.people.got.a.
typewritten.letter,.they.were.either.offended,.or.they.
thought.it.was.junk.mail ..
A:. I.guess.you.had.to.convince.enough.people.at.one.
time .
B:. Right ..Eventually.businesses.started.using.them ..And.
then.everyone.had.to.have.one ..But.it.took.about.ten.
years.for.the.typewriter.to.become.really.popular .
4 Listening Practice
B Listening for Main Ideas (p. 69)
A = Guide, B = Visitor 1, C = Visitor 2, D = Visitor 3
A:. Good.morning.everybody!.Welcome.to.the.Museum.
of.Technology!.My.name.is.Greg,.and.I’ll.be.your.
tour.leader.today ..Now,.if.you’d.like.to.step.this.way. ..
.. ..we’re.going.to.look.at.this.machine.over.here. .. .. .. ..
Now,.first.of.all,.can.anybody.guess.what.this.is?
B:. It.looks.like.something.for.writing,.or.printing .
A:. Yes ..This.is.actually.the.first.photocopy.machine .
All:. Aha!.Oh.yes!
A:. This.was.one.of.the.most.important.inventions.of.the.
twentieth.century ..Fortune.magazine.called.it.“the.
most.successful.product.ever.marketed.in.America .”.
.. .. ..And.this.technology.is.essentially.the.same.
technology.that.is.used.in.laser.printers.today!. .. .. ..Just.
think.for.a.moment.how.often.you.use.a.photocopy.
machine,.or.a.laser.printer .
.
And.this.is.Chester.Carlson,.the.inventor.of.the.
photocopy.machine ..He.invented.the.process.of.
xerography—that’s.basically.what.happens.in.a.
photocopy.machine—in.1937 .. .. .. ..First.I’m.going.to.tell.
you.a.little.bit.about.him,.and.then.we’ll.look.at.how.
xerography.works ..OK?.
All:. OK .
A:. Chester.Carlson.was.born.in.Seattle,.and.he.was.the.
only.child.of.a.barber ..His.father.was.sick.and.couldn’t.
work,.and.the.family.was.very.poor ..His.mother.died.
when.he.was.a.teenager,.so.he.had.to.support.his.
father ..At.one.point.the.two.of.them.lived.in.a.chicken.
coop.with.a.bare.concrete.floor!
.
But.he.was.a.good.student,.and. .. .. ..and.he.was.very.
interested.in.science ..He.put.himself.through.college,.
first.junior.college.and.then.the.California.Institute.of.
Technology ..All.the.time.he.did.odd.jobs.to.support.
himself.and.his.father ..He.always.knew.that.he.
wanted.to.be.an.inventor,.because.he.figured.that.if.he.
invented.something,.it.would.be.a.way.out.of.poverty ..
.
He.kept.notebooks. .. .. ..full.of.all.kinds.of.ideas ..One.
of.his.ideas.was. .. .. ..a.raincoat.with.like,.gutters.on.
it.to.keep.water.off.your.pant.legs. .. .. .. ..Another.idea.
that.he.had.was. .. .. ..a.toothbrush.with.bristles.that.you.
could.replace ..He.was.an.inventive.type.of.guy .
.
Anyway,.when.he.graduated.he.got.a.job.in.New.
York,.and.got.married,.but.he.still.wanted.to.invent.
something,.so.he.went.to.law.school.to.find.out.about.
the.legal.aspects.of.inventions ..He.wound.up.spending.
a.lot.of.time.in.the.New.York.Public.Library,.and.he.had.
to.copy.pages.longhand.from.law.books.because.he.
couldn’t.afford.to.buy.them ..It’s.hard.for.us.to.imagine.
that.nowadays,.but.without.photocopiers,.you.either.
had.to.copy.everything.by.hand. .. .. ..or.had.to.buy.the.
book ..There.wasn’t.any.other.option!
.
So.Carlson.started.thinking.about.a.machine.that.
would.duplicate.documents ..He.came.up.with.
the.idea.for.this.machine,.which.basically.uses.
photoconductivity ..It’s.a.process.whereby.you.use.
electricity.and.light.to.create.an.image ..This.machine.
was.his.prototype,.and.it.was.made.in.1938 ..
.
He.used.his.own.money.to.make.it,.because.he.
couldn’t.convince.anyone.that.it.would.work ..He.
knew.he.had.a.good.idea,.but.nobody.would.invest.
in.it ..He.was.turned.down.by.more.than.twenty.
companies!.Finally,.in.1944,.he.got.some.money.from.
a.research.company. .. .. ..to.do.more.research ..And.then.
in.1947.a.small.company.in.Rochester.New.York—it.
was.called.Haloid—agreed.to.develop.the.machines ..
.
But.the.process.was.so.complicated,.that.it.took.a.
long.time. .. .. ..and.a.lot.of.money.to.get.the.process.
right ..A.lot.of.the.scientists.at.the.company.wanted.
to.drop.it.altogether ..But.Carlson.kept.pushing.them,.
and.finally.in.1960—that’s.years.later!—they.sold.the.
first.automated.copier ..It.weighed.650.pounds!. .. .. ..But.
as.soon.as.it.got.into.offices,.you.can.imagine.what.
happened .
C:. They.liked.it .
A:. They.loved.it ..It.sold.like.hot.cakes ..Think.about.how.
often.the.average.office.uses.a.photocopier.today ..
Haloid.changed.its.name,.and.I.think.you.can.guess.
the.new.name .
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D:. Xerox?
A:. Yes ..Haloid.became.The.Xerox.Corporation .
B:. What.about.Carlson?
A:. He.became.very.rich!.He.earned.about.two.hundred.
million.dollars.from.his.invention ..And.that.was.in.the.
1950s,.so.the.money.was.worth.a.lot.more.than.it.is.
today ..But.he.was.very.modest.about.it ..He.only.ever.
had.one.car ..People.said,.if.you.met.him,.you’d.never.
know.he.was.so.rich ..He.actually.gave.away.most.of.
the.money .
C:. Really?
A:. He.gave.millions.of.dollars.to.charity. .. .. ..paid.for.
schools. .. .. ..libraries ..And.he.never.allowed.his.name.
to.be.mentioned ..He.donated.a.lot.of.money.for.a.
building.at.the.university.where.he.had.studied,.but.
he.named.the.building.after.the.teacher.who.had.
inspired.him.the.most .
C:. That’s.an.incredible.story .
A:. It.is,.isn’t.it?.Now,.let’s.look.at.the.machine ..Does.
anybody.know.how.a.photocopy.is.made?.
D:. Is.it.some.kind.of.photographic.process?
A:. No,.it’s.not.photographic ..As.I.said,.it.uses.electricity,.
and.light,.basically,.to.create.an.image .
D Working Out Unknown Vocabulary (p. 70)
. 1 .. But.he.was.a.good.student,.and. .. .. ..and.he.was.
very.interested.in.science ..He.put.himself.through.
college,.first.junior.college.and.then.the.California.
Institute.of.Technology ..All.the.time.he.did.odd.
jobs.to.support.himself.and.his.father .
. 2 .. It’s.hard.for.us.to.imagine.that.nowadays,.but.
without.photocopiers,.you.either.had.to.copy.
everything.by.hand.or.had.to.buy.the.book ..
There.wasn’t.any.other.option ..So.Carlson.started.
thinking.about.a.machine.that.would.duplicate.
documents .
. 3 .. He.used.his.own.money.to.make.it,.because.he.
couldn’t.convince.anyone.that.it.would.work ..
He.knew.he.had.a.good.idea,.but.nobody.would.
invest.in.it ..He.was.turned.down.by.more.than.
twenty.companies .
. 4 .. But.the.process.was.so.complicated.that.it.took.a.
long.time.and.a.lot.of.money.to.get.the.process.
right ..A.lot.of.the.scientists.at.the.company.
wanted.to.drop.it.altogether ..But.Carlson.kept.
pushing.them,.and.finally.in.1960—that’s.years.
later—they.sold.the.first.automated.copier .
. 5 .. He.became.very.rich ..He.earned.about.
$200,000,000.from.his.invention ..And.that.was.
in.the.1950s,.so.the.money.was.worth.a.lot.more.
than.it.is.today ..But.he.was.very.modest.about.it ..
He.only.ever.had.one.car ..People.said,.if.you.met.
him,.you’d.never.know.he.was.so.rich .
6 Speaking Skills
exercise (p. 72)
A = Ron, B = Francine
A:. Hey.Francine,.can.you.help.me?
B:. Sure,.Ron ..What’s.the.problem?
A:. I’m.trying.to.figure.out.how.to.make.this.double-
sided .
B:. OK,.well.first.you.need.to.put.your.original.in.this.
way .
A:. Oh,.OK .
B:. And.now.let’s.check.the.settings ..You.want.“two.side.
to.two.side:”.this.button.here ..So.we’ll.press.this .
A:. Uh-huh .
B:. How.many.copies.do.you.want?
A:. Umm,.let’s.say.five .
B:. OK,.so.then.you.press.five.here ..And.then.after.that,.
you.press.the.big.green.button.to.make.the.copies ..
OK?
A:. Yeah,.I.think.so ..Put.the.paper.in.here,.check.the.
settings,.enter.the.number.of.copies,.and.press.the.
green.button .
B:. That’s.it .
A:. OK ..Thanks,.Francine .
Chapter 9
Marketing and Advertising
2 Listening Practice
B Listening for Main Ideas (p. 74)
A = Host 1, B = Host 2
C = Edna Sullivan, D = Victor Rodriguez
A:. Time.now.to.look.at.our.mailbox.for.some.of.the.
reactions.to.last.week’s.show ..
B:. If.you.were.watching.last.week,.you.will.remember.
that.the.show.looked.at.advertising:.how.much.of.it.
there.is,.where.it’s.done,.and.who.is.being.targeted ..
In.particular,.we.looked.at.the.growing.trend.towards.
advertising.in.schools ..
A:. We.had.a.lot.of.e-mails.and.phone.calls.in.response.to.
that.program ..Here’s.Edna.Sullivan,.from.Huntington,.
West.Virginia:
C:. I.don’t.mind.advertising.on.billboards.and.bus.
shelters,.and.I’ve.gotten.used.to.seeing.ads.on.
lampposts,.and.trashcans,.and.supermarket.floors.and.
elevators.and.all.the.rest.of.it ..But.I.was.very.upset.
by.some.of.the.advertising.that.you.showed.in.places.
of.natural.beauty,.like.the.billboards.in.the.desert ..It.
looks.awful.to.have.advertising.in.places.like.that ..Our.
landscape.is.a.precious.resource,.and.I.don’t.think.it.
should.be.spoiled.by.advertising ..
B:. For.a.different.point.of.view,.let’s.read.an.e-mail.we.
received.from.Robert.Bianchi.in.New.York ..He.said,.
“Companies.have.to.attract.customers.in.order.to.
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survive ..That.is.the.nature.of.our.economy ..Successful.
businesses.are.the.ones.that.know.how.to.do.that ..No.
matter.how.good.your.product.is,.if.you.can’t.attract.
customers.you.won’t.succeed ..We.should.remember.
that.without.advertising,.many.companies,.and.the.
jobs.that.they.provide,.would.simply.not.exist,.and.
we’d.all.pay.a.lot.more.for.the.products.and.services.
we.take.for.granted .”.
A:. The.segment.on.advertising.in.schools.generated.a.lot.
of.responses ..Here’s.Victor.Rodriguez,.from.Albany,.
New.York .
D:. I.am.shocked.at.how.much.marketing.is.geared.
toward. .. .. ..purposely.geared.toward.young.children.
that.are.just.too.young.to.know.that. .. .. ..that.they’re.
being.marketed.to ..I’m.a.parent,.and.I.can’t.even.
allow.my.children.to.watch.network.TV.stations.
because.of.all.the.commercials ..It.just.encourages.them.
to.want.the.latest.toy.or.whatever ..Another.thing,.I.
am.concerned.about.the.advertising.that’s.turning.
up.in.our.local.elementary.school ..It’s.in.my.kids’.
schoolbooks,.posters.on.the.walls,.and.school.lunches,.
for.example ..I.think.it’s.wrong ..School.is.not.the.place.
for.advertising .
B:. Laura.Wellman,.a.high.school.student.from.Boulder.
Colorado,.disagrees ..She.says.in.an.e-mail,.“I.don’t.
have.a.problem.with.advertising.in.schools ..As.a.
teenager,.I’m.surrounded.by.advertising.all.the.
time,.but.I.don’t.necessarily.buy.the.products.that.
are.advertised ..A.couple.of.extra.ads.on.the.drink.
machines.or.on.the.school.bus.really.wouldn’t.make.
any.difference.to.me ..I.probably.wouldn’t.even.notice.
them ..If.a.company.wants.to.sponsor.our.soccer.team.
in.exchange.for.their.name.on.our.shirts,.that’s.fine.
with.us .”
A:. Finally,.here’s.an.e-mail.from.Sarah.Cohen.from.
Baltimore ..She.says,.“I.would.like.to.have.seen.more.
specific.guidelines.for.parents.on.how.to.help.children.
deal.with.the.thousands.of.commercial.messages.that.
they.face.every.day ..Teenagers.in.particular.are.very.
influenced.by.advertising ..They.should.be.taught.to.be.
more.critical.of.the.advertising.that.they.encounter,.to.
ask.pointed.questions.about.the.products,.and.above.
all.not.to.believe.everything.that.they.see.in.an.ad .”
B:. And.with.that.thought,.we’ll.leave.you.until.next.
week ..Thank.you.for.watching,.and.remember.to.send.
your.comments.on.this.week’s.program. .. .. ..
D Focus on the Listening Skill
exercise (p. 75)
. 1 .. I.am.shocked.at.how.much.marketing.is.geared.
toward. .. .. ..purposely.geared.toward.young.
children,.that.are.just.too.young.to.know.that. .. .. ..
that.they’re.being.marketed.to .
. 2 .. I’m.a.parent,.and.I.can’t.even.allow.my.children.
to.watch.network.TV.stations.because.of.all.the.
commercials. .. .. ..it.just.encourages.them.to.want.
the.latest.toy.or.whatever .
. 3 .. Another.thing,.I.am.concerned.about.the.
advertising.that’s.turning.up.in.our.local.
elementary.school ..It’s.in.my.kids’.schoolbooks,.
posters.on.the.walls,.and.school.lunches,.for.
example ..I.think.it’s.wrong ..School.is.not.the.place.
for.advertising .
exercise 3 (p. 75)
. 1 .. Companies.have.to.attract.customers.in.order.to.
survive ..That.is.the.nature.of.our.economy .
. 2 .. Successful.businesses.are.the.ones.that.know.how.
to.do.that ..No.matter.how.good.your.product.is,.
if.you.can’t.attract.customers,.you.won’t.succeed .
. 3 .. We.should.remember.that.without.advertising,.
many.companies,.and.the.jobs.that.they.provide,.
would.simply.not.exist,.and.we’d.all.pay.a.lot.
more.for.the.products.and.services.we.take.for.
granted .
4 Listening Practice
B Listening for Main Ideas (p. 78)
A = Sam, B = Nicole
A:. I.can’t.believe.it ..Every.time.I.go.to.the.supermarket.to.
get.milk,.I.have.to.walk,.like,.all.the.way.to.the.back.
of.the.store.to.get.it ..You.know,.why.can’t.they.put.the.
milk.near.the.front.of.the.store?
B:. I.know ..I.was.running.late.the.other.day.and.just.
wanted.to.run.in.for.some.ice.cream,.but.I.had.to.go.
all.the.way.to.the.other.side.of.the.store,.too ..
A:. It.drives.me.crazy .
B:. Well,.they.do.it.on.purpose,.you.know .
A:. On.purpose?.What.do.you.mean?
B:. Well,.they.put.things.like.milk.and.ice.cream.at.the.
back.of.the.store,.so.that.you’ll.have.to.go.through.
most.of.the.store.and.pass.a.whole.bunch.of.other.
stuff.just.to.get.to.it .
A:. Why.would.they.do.that?
B:. To.make.you.stop.and.look.at.the.other.stuff,.of.
course ..You.go.in.for.milk,.but.you.might.buy.
something.else .
A:. Really?.You.mean,.they.plan.this.kind.of.thing?.I.
thought.it.was.just.a.practical.thing .
B:. Well,.I.think.there.are.practical.reasons,.too,.but.
marketing.people.do.look.at.all.of.that.kind.of.thing ..
They.do.research.on.what.people.buy.at.particular.
stores.and.how.often ..And.they.look.at.how.people.
move.through.supermarkets,.and.that’s.how.they.
work.out.where.to.put.things,.to.their.advantage,.of.
course .
A:. Wow ..That.never.occurred.to.me ..
B:. Oh.yeah ..I.read.an.article.about.it.in.the.paper.a.while.
ago ..There’s.a.whole.science.to.it ..Like,.you.know.how.
the.gourmet.stuff—the.deli,.the.fancy.bakery,.the.fresh.
food—all.that.stuff.is.near.the.front.of.the.store?.It.
smells.good ..All.that.baking.bread.and.fresh.food—the.
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#602076-O.U.P.-Open Forum Answer Key and Test Booklet P.
smell.draws.people.in.and.tempts.them,.and.then.they.
buy.other.things.they.didn’t.come.for .
A:. Oh,.I.know ..I.do.that.all.the.time ..My.supermarket.
has.a.great.deli.counter ..I.often.stop.there.and.get.a.
sandwich.for.later .
B:. Yeah,.even.if.you.didn’t.intend.to,.right?
A:. I.guess.so .
B:. Supermarkets.love.people.like.you ..They’re.trying.to.
get.you.to.buy.something.extra,.something.you.didn’t.
plan.to.get ..
A:. Uh-huh .
B:. All.the.special.offers.and.the.food.samples,.they’re.
always.around.the.sides.of.the.store,.because.most.
people.go.around.the.sides .
A:. Oh.yeah ..I.always.go.around.the.side ..It.seems.like.
it’s.the.fastest.way.to.get.to.the.things.I.need ..I.hardly.
ever.go.in.the.aisles .
B:. Except.for.when.you.want.cleaning.products.and.dog.
food.and.things.like.that .
A:. That’s.right .
B:. Well,.they.know.that.if.you.need.that.stuff,.you’ll.go.
and.look.for.it.anyway,.so.they.put.cleaning.stuff.in.
the.aisles.because.people.will.go.get.it.anyway,.and.
they.put.it.on.a.low.shelf .
A:. Yeah,.that’s.right!.It.is!
B:. ‘Cause.there’s.a.whole.thing.about.which.shelf.it’s.on ..
Companies.pay.more.for.their.products.to.be.put.on.
middle.shelves .
A:. Really?.I.had.no.idea .
B:. Yeah ..It’s.important.to.have.stuff.at.eye.level.if.you.
can .
A:. I.guess.it.is ..Huh ..Well ..They.get.me,.all.right ..And.I.
always.check.out.the.food.samples .
B:. So.do.I ..But.do.you.buy.the.food.they’re.selling?
A:. Yeah ..And.then.I.take.it.home.and.don’t.use.it .
B:. You’re.being.marketed.to ..They.love.you!
A:. You’re.right ..I’ll.have.to.think.about.this.more ..Maybe.
I.should.shop.more.carefully .
B:. Sounds.like.it .
A:. I.guess.that’s.why.they.have.all.the.candy.at.the.
check-out.counter,.too .
B:. Same.thing ..Yeah ..It’s.hard.to.say.no.when.you.have.
to.stand.right.next.to.it.for.five.minutes,.or.however.
long.it.takes .
A:. Just.a.little.chocolate.to.eat.on.the.way.home!
6 Speaking Skills
exercise (p. 80)
A = Susan, B = Jeff, C = Mark
A:. I.think.we.need.to.advertise.in.a.more.exciting.way,.
like.maybe.use.a.balloon.or.something .
B:. A.balloon?.What.do.you.mean,.Susan?
A:. You.know.those.hot.air.balloons .
C:.. Oh!.You.mean.we.put.the.company.name.on.a.big.
balloon.and.we.sail.it.around,.like.over.football.games.
or.something?.
A:. Something.like.that,.yes .
B:.. I.don’t.get.it ..How.would.that.attract.people.to.the.
business?
A:. Well,.it.would.put.the.name.out.there ..People.would.
see.the.name.and.remember ..
C:. Wait.a.minute ..You’re.saying.that.we.use.up.the.whole.
budget.on.a.hot.air.balloon?.
A:. No ..Not.the.whole.budget!.I’m.talking.about.maybe.a.
few.thousand
Chapter 0
Education
2 Listening Practice
B Listening for Main Ideas
exercise (p. 84)
Part 1
Do.you.want.to.learn.something.new.and.improve.your.
job.possibilities?.Are.you.looking.for.a.degree.program.
that.will.recognize.all.your.unique.life.experience?.
Consider.Westside.College ..We.design.programs.around.
your.busy.life,.and,.more.importantly,.give.you.credit.
for.your.life.experience,.because.you.shouldn’t.have.
to.waste.precious.time.and.money.in.unnecessary.
classes ..We’ll.use.our.“Life.and.Learning.Assessment”.
to.evaluate.your.experience ..Based.on.this.assessment,.
we’ll.be.able.to.see.how.you.can.apply.your.experience.
to.the.requirements.for.your.course.of.study ..Call.today.
and.make.an.appointment.to.meet.with.one.of.our.
advisors ..You.won’t.regret.it ..Our.number.is. .. .. .
exercise 2 (p. 84)
A = Mona, B = Ben
Part 2
A:. Do.they.really.do.that.now?.
B:. What?
A:. Give.you.credit.in.college.for.life.experience?.
B:. Yes,.they.do ..Not.all.colleges.and.universities.do,.of.
course,.but.more.and.more.are.starting.to.do.it ..I.think.
it.makes.a.lot.of.sense ..
A:. Really?.
B:. Yes,.don’t.you?.
A:. Well,.maybe,.but.I.think.there.are.a.lot.of.issues.
around.it ..For.example,.how.can.they.really.evaluate.
your.life.experience?.
B:. Like.they.said,.they.have.an.assessment ..I.think.
there.are.different.ways.they.assess ..Students.often.
have.to.take.a.test.to.prove.they.have.a.certain.level.
of.knowledge ..Some.places.also.use.something.like.
a.portfolio.of.previous.learning ..That’s.something.
that.a.student.has.to.put.together.with.examples.and.
documentation.to.show.that.he.or.she.has.learned.
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#602076-O.U.P.-Open Forum Answer Key and Test Booklet P.6
certain.things ..
A:. But.couldn’t.something.like.that.be.falsified ..It.seems.
like.it.would.be.pretty.easy.to.make.some.things.up ..
B:. Maybe,.but.I.don’t.think.it’s.as.easy.as.you’d.think ..
My.aunt.works.at.the.community.college ..They.accept.
life.experience.for.credit,.and.she.says.that.they’re.
really.strict.in.deciding.who.gets.credit ..The.students.
have.to.put.a.lot.into.these.portfolios.of.previous.
learning ..It.seems.like.it.would.be.a.lot.of.work.to.
falsify.something.like.that ..It.could.be.almost.as.much.
work.as.doing.the.class!
A:. I.don’t.agree ..It.seems.so.subjective ..How.can.
you.compare.and.evaluate.different.experiences ..
For.example,.what.if.one.person.has.lots.of.work.
experience.in.computer.programming.and.another.
person.has.a.lot.of.experience.in.taking.care.of.little.
children?.Could.you.get.credit.for.both.experiences?.
And.if.so,.would.you.get.the.same.amount.of.credit,.
or.what?.
B:. Well,.I.doubt.that.two.people.like.that.would.be.
trying.to.get.the.same.amount.of.credit.in.exactly.the.
same.situation ..You.know,.the.standards.for.testing.
and.evaluation.for.regular.courses.aren’t.completely.
objective.either ..There.is.always.some.level.of.
subjectivity.when.teachers.mark.and.give.grades.and.
things.like.that ..
A:. Yes,.but.the.system.itself.is.pretty.objective ...And.it.
just.seems.a.little.unfair ..It.takes.discipline.to.go.to.
college ..You.have.to.attend,.do.the.work,.take.exams,.
and.pass.classes.in.order.to.get.credit—and.then.
some.people.get.around.that.with.“life.experience”?.It.
seems.like.an.easy.way.out.to.me .
B:. I.don’t.know ..Think.about.how.many.people.say.
they.didn’t.really.learn.anything.in.college ..For.many.
people,.college.is.mainly.social,.and.then.they.really.
start.learning.after.they.graduate.from.college ..That.
was.certainly.true.for.me ..And,.if.you.have.to.consider.
that.people.who.enroll.in.college.later.in.life.are.in.
a.different.situation,.they’ve.often.had.a.lot.of.work.
experience.and.they.usually.don’t.have.time.to.take.
every.class.from.the.beginning ..That.doesn’t.seem.fair .
A:. I.see.your.point,.but.it.still.seems.vague.and.subjective.
to.evaluate.something.like.life.experience.and.then.
give.credit ..
B:. Well,.I.guess.it’s.a.good.thing.neither.one.of.us.is.
considering.going.back.to.college ..
A:. Yes,.you’re.probably.right!
D Focus on the Listening Skill (p. 85)
. 1 .. Maybe,.but.I.don’t.think.it’s.as.easy.as.you’d.
think ..My.aunt.works.at.the.community.college ..
They.accept.life.experience.for.credit,.and.she.
says.that.they’re.really.strict.in.deciding.who.gets.
credit ..The.students.have.to.put.a.lot.into.these.
portfolios.of.previous.learning ..It.seems.like.it.
would.be.a.lot.of.work.to.falsify.something.like.
that ..It.could.be.almost.as.much.work.as.doing.
the.class!
. 2 .. I.don’t.agree ..It.seems.so.subjective ..How.can.
you.compare.and.evaluate.different.experiences?.
For.example,.what.if.one.person.has.lots.of.
work.experience.in.computer.programming.and.
another.person.has.a.lot.of.experience.in.taking.
care.of.little.children?.Could.you.get.credit.for.
both.experiences?.And.if.so,.would.you.get.the.
same.amount.of.credit,.or.what?
. 3 .. Yes,.but.the.system.itself.is.pretty.objective ..And.
it.just.seems.a.little.unfair ..It.takes.discipline.to.go.
to.college ..You.have.to.attend,.do.the.work,.take.
exams,.and.pass.classes.in.order.to.get.credit—
and.then.some.people.get.around.that.with.“life.
experience”?.It.seems.like.an.easy.way.out.to.me .
. 4 .. I.don’t.know ..Think.about.how.many.people.say.
they.didn’t.really.learn.anything.in.college ..For.
many.people,.college.is.mainly.social,.and.then.
they.really.start.learning.after.they.graduate.from.
college ..That.was.certainly.true.for.me .
4 Listening Practice
B Listening for Main Ideas (p. 88)
Speaker 1: Tom
I.guess.you.could.say.I.was.a.late.developer!.My.grades.
weren’t.good.enough.for.a.four-year.college ..I.didn’t.
work.hard.enough.in.high.school ..So.I.wound.up.at.the.
community.college,.and.I.didn’t.study.very.hard.there.
either,.at.least.not.for.the.first.year ..I.just.really.wasn’t.
interested.in.anything ..But.in.my.second.year.there. .. .. ..one.
day.I.had.to.do.a.project.on.the.computer ..Of.course,.
computers.were.quite.new.in.those.days ..And.I.got.
interested,.really.interested ..It.was.fun.messing.around.
on.computers,.trying.to.figure.things.out ..Eventually.
I.changed.my.major.to.computer.science ..It.was.a.
new.field.but.it.was.growing.fast.and.it.was.obvious.
there.was.a.huge.future.there ..I.started.working.. .. .. ..
transferred.to.a.four-year.college.and.graduated.with.
honors ..After.I.graduated,.my.friend.got.me.a.job.at.a.
software.company ..I.worked.there.for.a.few.years.and,.
eventually,.I.went.out.on.my.own ..Now.I.have.a.very.
stable.business.with.more.than.twenty.employees.and.
I.guess.you.could.say.I’m.quite.successful ..So.I.don’t.
think.it.makes.a.bit.of.difference.which.school.you.go.
to.or.how.much.you.pay.for.it ..It’s.what.you.do.with.it.
that’s.important .
Speaker 2: Tracy
I.got.an.undergraduate.degree.from.the.local.state.
university ..My.family.didn’t.have.a.lot.of.money.so.
that.was.my.only.option.at.that.point,.really ..My.dream.
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#602076-O.U.P.-Open Forum Answer Key and Test Booklet P.7
had.always.been.to.go.to.an.Ivy.League.school,.like.
Harvard.or.Yale,.but.we.just.couldn’t.afford.it ..I.had.to.
work.part-time.while.I.was.studying,.and.then.I.worked.
two.jobs.during.the.summer.to.pay.for.school ..I.was.
pretty.happy.at.the.state.school. .. .. ..I.got.good.grades,.
and.I.felt.like.I.was.getting.a.good.education ..But.I.still.
wished.I.could.have.gone.to.a.school.like.Harvard ..
Then,.one.of.my.professors.suggested.that.I.think.about.
going.to.grad.school.and.getting.a.master’s.degree ..I’d.
never.really.considered.it.before,.but.I.decided.to.apply.
anyway ..My.professor.suggested.different.schools.to.
apply.to,.including.Harvard,.and.I.thought,.well,.it’s.
worth.a.try ..I.didn’t.know.if.I’d.get.accepted,.and.I.
really.didn’t.know.how.I’d.pay.for.it,.but.I.decided.to.
try.anyway ..Well,.I.was.accepted.and.it.was.very.hard. ..
.. ..hard.in.terms.of.studying,.and.hard.financially ..But,.I.
did.it ..I.honestly.don’t.know.if.doing.my.master’s.at.an.
Ivy.League.school.made.all.that.much.difference.in.the.
end. .. .. ..in.what.I.learned.or.the.jobs.I’ve.gotten,.but.I’m.
glad.I.did.it .
Speaker 3: Ed
I.went.to.a.very.small.state.college,.but.it.was.kind.
of.unusual ..There.was.a.big.emphasis.on.hands-on.
learning,.group.work,.seminars,.debates,.discussions ..It.
was.really.active.and.you.were.expected.to.participate ..
I.don’t.think.it.would.be.for.everyone,.but.I.really.loved.
it ..Like,.you.couldn’t.just.sit.there.and.take.notes ..You.
were.expected.to.engage.with.the.information.and.ask.
questions ..I.was.always.getting.in.trouble.in.regular.
school.for.asking.questions,.so.I.loved.it ..You.might.
think.it.was.easier,.but.I.think.they.asked.more.of.you.
than.they.do.in.a.regular.university ..You.had.to.write.
your.own.academic.plan.at.the.beginning.of.every.year.
and.discuss.it.with.the.teachers,.and.this.is.the.part.that.
really.is.different:.you.wrote.your.own.self-evaluation.at.
the.end.of.every.semester ..They.didn’t.give.grades ..They.
gave.narrative.evaluations,.like.each.professor.wrote.a.
paragraph.about.your.strengths.and.weaknesses ..You.
know,.it’s.amazing ..Those.evaluations.meant.a.lot.more.
to.us.than.grades.would.have,.and.they.were.a.lot.more.
informative,.actually ..Some.people.didn’t.like.them.at.
all ..They.wanted.an.A.or.a.B.or.whatever. .. .. ..But.that.
wasn’t.the.way.they.did.it ..
Speaker 4: Alicia
My.parents.and.my.grandparents.immigrated.to.this.
country.from.Mexico.when.I.was.twelve,.and.they.
never.had.much.education ..But.that.was.the.big.thing.
they.wanted.for.me—the.most.important.thing.was.
education ..They.were.pushing.me.all.through.school,.
always.checking.my.homework,.putting.me.in.summer.
school.and.things.like.that ..They.were.so.happy.when.
I.got.accepted.to.college ..But.college.was.tough.for.
me ..High.school.was.pretty.easy,.but.you’re.expected.
to.be.a.lot.more.independent.in.college,.to.study.and.
work.on.your.own,.and.I.didn’t.really.understand.that.
at.the.beginning ..And.I.felt.really.insecure.because.
English.isn’t.my.first.language.and.I.had.to.write.a.lot.
of.papers.in.English ..It.was.really.hard.at.first.and.my.
grades.weren’t.always.so.good ..But.I.made.it.in.the.end ..
Nobody.in.our.family.had.ever.graduated.from.college.
before,.so.it.was.a.big.deal—for.the.whole.family .
5 Pronunciation
exercise 2 (p. 89)
. 1 .. I.went.back.to.school.because.I.wanted.to.do.
something.for.myself .
. 2 .. I’ve.made.your.coffee ..Do.you.want.it.now.or.
later?
. 3 .. You.can.have.my.cake ..I.don’t.want.it .
. 4 .. My.mother.always.wanted.a.large.house .
exercise 3 (p. 90)
. 1 .. I’ve.enrolled.in.a.swim.class,.and.I’m.going.to.
start.it.next.week .
. 2 .. The.class.has.already.started .
. 3 .. The.professor.predicted.that.I’d.get.an.A .
. 4 .. You.might.get.an.A,.but.I.really.can’t.predict.it .
. 5 .. I.didn’t.hear.the.announcement ..Could.you.please.
repeat.it?
. 6 .. My.daughter.repeated.third.grade .
. 7 .. Wish.me.good.luck!.I’ll.need.it!
. 8 .. I.needed.better.grades.to.get.into.that.school .
. 9 .. My.teacher.suggested.that.I.take.a.math.class .
. 10 .. I.think.Ben.should.drop.physics,.but.I.didn’t.
suggest.it .
6 Speaking Skills
exercise (p. 90)
. 1 .. And.I.got.interested,.really.interested .
. 2 .. I.was.pretty.happy.at.the.state.school ..I.got.
good.grades.and.I.felt.like.I.was.getting.a.good.
education .
. 3 .. Well,.I.was.accepted.and.it.was.very.hard. .. .. ..
hard.in.terms.of.studying.and.hard.financially .
Open Forum: Transcripts
37
#602076-O.U.P.-Open Forum Answer Key and Test Booklet P.
Chapter
Astronomy
2 Listening Practice
B Listening for Main Ideas (p. 94)
A = Host, B = Craig Doss, C = Danielle,
D = Edward, E = Rita, F = Louis
A:. Hello.and.welcome.to.“Science.Now .”.We’re.talking.
about.the.moon.today,.and.our.guest.is.Craig.Doss,.a.
scientist.who.spends.his.life.considering.the.mysteries.
of.the.moon ..Hello,.Craig ..
B:. Hi,.thanks.for.having.me.on.the.show ..
A:. Now.Craig,.this.is.a.weekly.call-in.show.where.people.
can.ask.questions.about.our.topic. .. .. ..and.our.expert—
that’s.you—will.answer.the.questions ..OK,.are.you.
ready?.
B:. Yes .
A:. OK,.let’s.get.started ..Our.first.question.comes.from.
Danielle.in.New.Jersey ..Hi.Danielle,.what’s.your.
question?.
C:. Hi,.I’m.wondering.about.water.on.the.moon ..Is.there.
actually.water?.I’ve.heard.about.the.seas.on.the.moon,.
but.are.they.really.filled.with.water?.
A:. Craig?
B:. That’s.a.good.question ..They.are.called.seas,.but.
they’re.not.filled.with.water ..They’re.actually.filled.
with.lava ..The.only.water.we.know.of.is.in.ice.at.the.
poles.of.the.moon ..
C:. Oh,.OK ..Thank.you ..
A:. Our.next.caller.is.Edward.from.New.Mexico ..What’s.
your.question,.Edward?.
D:. Hello,.can.you.tell.me.if.scientists.know.how.the.
moon.was.formed?.
B:. That’s.an.interesting.one ..There.have.been.different.
theories.on.this ..One.theory.is.that.the.moon.was.
actually.part.of.Earth,.but.it.broke.off.and.became.
separate.in.early.formation. .. .. ..Another.idea.is.that.the.
moon.was.an.object.out.in.space.that.was.captured.
or.pulled.in.by.Earth’s.gravity ..In.other.words,.that.it.
came.near.enough.to.Earth.and.then.couldn’t.get.away.
because.of.gravity ..And.then.there.is.the.theory.that.
a.huge.rock.crashed.into.Earth.and.knocked.a.large.
piece.of.it.loose,.and.then.this.piece.formed.into.the.
moon ..It’s.this.last.theory.that.most.scientists.prefer.
now,.but.we.don’t.really.know.for.sure ..
D:. Do.you.think.scientists.will.ever.know.for.sure?.
B:. Hmm,.good.question ..Maybe,.maybe.not ..
A:. OK,.our.next.caller.is.Rita.from.Missouri ..Hi.Rita .
E:. Hi,.thanks.for.taking.my.call ..Did.research.about.the.
moon.help.scientists.figure.out.how.or.why.dinosaurs.
disappeared?.
A:. Hmm,.what.can.you.tell.us.about.that.Craig?.
B:. There.actually.is.a.connection ..Scientists.studied.how.
craters.on.the.moon.might.have.been.formed. .. .. ..how.
something.might.have.crashed.into.the.moon.and.
made.craters ..This.research.was.then.used.by.other.
scientists. .. .. ..They.came.up.with.a.theory.that.a.huge.
rock.crashing.into.Earth.could.have.killed.all.the.
dinosaurs ..
A:. So.there.is.a.connection ..And.it’s.interesting.because.
this.is.also.an.example.of.one.of.the.benefits.of.
studying.the.moon.and.sending.astronauts.there ..
That’s.something.that.people.sometimes.question .
B:. Yes,.that.is.true ..
A:. OK,.our.last.question.is.from.Louis.in.Maryland ..Hi.
Louis ..
F:. Hi ..My.question.is.more.about.astronauts.on.trips.to.
the.moon ..I’ve.heard.that.they’ve.taken.some.unusual.
things.into.space ..Is.this.true?.
B:. Yes,.it.is ..A.lot.of.people.don’t.know.about.this,.but.
astronauts.have.carried.golf.balls,.and.coins,.and.
even.tree.seeds.to.space ..They’ve.carried.a.lot.of.
other.things.as.well ..It.started.to.get.a.little.out.of.
hand,.though,.so.nowadays.there.are.much.tighter.
regulations ..On.shuttle.missions,.astronauts.aren’t.
allowed.to.carry.so.many.things ..But.in.the.early.days.
there.weren’t.regulations.and.the.astronauts.carried.
things.like.the.golf.balls.and.coins ..
F:. Wow,.do.you.think.it.would.help.my.golf.game.to.use.
a.ball.that.had.been.to.the.moon?
A:. It.seems.like.there’s.a.fascination.with.objects.that.
have.been.in.space .
B:. Yes,.there.really.is ..People.think.there.must.be.
something.special.about.these.things ..In.fact,.there.
were.problems. .. .. ..some.people.sold.some.of.the.
objects.to.make.a.profit.afterwards,.which.is.one.
reason.the.regulations.have.come.about .
A:. OK,.well.thanks.for.your.question,.Louis ..We’re.going.
to.take.a.quick.break. .. .. .
D Focus on the Listening Skill
exercise (p. 94)
. 1 .. Q:. .Hi,.I’m.wondering.about.water.on.the.moon ..
Is.there.actually.water?.I’ve.heard.about.the.
“seas”.on.the.moon,.but.are.they.really.filled.
with.water?.
.
. A:. .That’s.a.good.question ..They.are.called.seas,.
but.they’re.not.filled.with.water ..They’re.
actually.filled.with.lava ..The.only.water.we.
know.of.is.in.ice.at.the.poles.of.the.moon ..
. 2 .. Q:. .Hello,.can.you.tell.me.if.scientists.know.how.
the.moon.was.formed?.
.
. A:. .That’s.an.interesting.one ..There.have.been.
different.theories.on.this ..One.theory.is.that.
the.moon.was.actually.part.of.Earth,.but.
it.broke.off.and.became.separate.in.early.
formation ..Another.idea.is.that.the.moon.was.
an.object.out.in.space.that.was.“captured”.
or.pulled.in.by.Earth’s.gravity—in.other.
words.that.it.came.near.enough.to.Earth.and.
then.couldn’t.get.away.because.of.gravity ..
And.then.there.is.the.theory.that.a.huge.rock.
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#602076-O.U.P.-Open Forum Answer Key and Test Booklet P.
#602076-O.U.P.-Open Forum Answer Key and Test Booklet P.
crashed.into.Earth.and.knocked.a.large.piece.
of.it.loose.and.then.this.piece.formed.into.the.
moon .
. 3 .. Q:. .Hi,.thanks.for.taking.my.call ..Did.research.
about.the.moon.help.scientists.figure.out.how.
or.why.dinosaurs.disappeared?.
.
. A:. .There.actually.is.a.connection ..Scientists.
studied.how.craters.on.the.moon.might.have.
been.formed,.how.something.might.have.
crashed.into.the.moon.and.made.craters ..This.
research.was.then.used.by.other.scientists ..
They.came.up.with.a.theory.that.a.huge.rock.
crashing.into.Earth.could.have.killed.all.the.
dinosaurs .
4 Listening Practice
B Listening for Main Ideas (p. 97)
A = Host, B = Sharon Lee
A:. OK,.now.we.have.Sharon.Lee.here.to.talk.about.
people.in.astronomy ..Hello.Sharon ..
B:. Hi.Nicky ..
A:. What,.or.should.I.say,.who,.are.you.going.to.tell.us.
about.today?.
B:. We’re.going.to.look.at.amateur.astronomers.today ...
Many.people.don’t.realize.that.some.amateurs.have.
been.pretty.important.in.astronomy ..Some.significant.
discoveries.have.been.made.by.amateurs ..
A:. Really?.
B:. Yes ..The.two.main.areas.of.discovery.are.identifying.
new.comets.and.hunting.for.supernovas ..
A:. What.are.supernovas?.
B:. If.you’ll.let.me.come.back.to.that.in.a.second,.I.want.
to.add.that.astronomy.is.really.one.of.the.few.fields.
where.amateurs.actually.make.a.lot.of.discoveries. .. ..
..Think.about.biology.or.physics,.there.just.aren’t.as.
many.examples.of.someone,.who.is.not.a.professional.
or.expert,.making.some.kind.of.significant.discovery.
in.those.fields ..
A:. Hmm,.I.see.what.you.mean ..
B:. Now,.back.to.supernovas ..A.supernova.is.a.giant.
dying.star—and.when.I.say.“giant,”.I.mean.larger.
than.our.sun—and.this.dying.star.explodes.and.
produces.an.enormous.amount.of.energy .
A:. And,.amateurs.can.see,.or.find.these?.
B:. Yes,.but.they.are.extremely.rare ..Something.like.eighty.
have.been.recorded.since.they.were.discovered.in.the.
1930s ..And.it’s.not.an.easy.task.to.see.them .
A:. Why.is.that?
B:. Well,.let.me.tell.you.about.the.person.who.is.probably.
the.most.successful.amateur.looking.for.supernovas,.
and.that.will.give.you.a.better.idea .
A:. OK .
B:. Robert.Evans.is.a.retired.minister.who.lives.in.
Australia ..He.began.looking.for.supernovas.in.1980,.
and.he’s.found.at.least.35.of.them ..
A:. Thirty-five.out.of.the.total.of.about.80?.That.seems.
impressive .
A:. It.definitely.is ..He.doesn’t.use.particularly.fancy.
equipment,.and.he.observes.from.the.back.deck.of.
his.home ..Now.the.most.amazing.part.of.this.is.his.
memory ..He.has.an.extraordinary.ability.to.memorize.
patterns.of.stars,.and.this.is.what.has.enabled.him.to.
find.so.many.supernovas ..
B:. What.do.you.mean.when.you.say.“extraordinary”?
A:. Well,.the.writer.Bill.Bryson.included.a.chapter.on.
Evans.in.a.recent.book.called.A Short History of Nearly
Everything .
B:. That’s.an.intriguing.title!
A:. Yes,.isn’t.it?.Anyway,.he.explains.Evans’s.ability.to.
memorize.this.way:.he.says.to.imagine.a.standard.
dining.room.table.with.a.black.cloth.on.it,.then.throw.
a.handful.of.salt.across.it ..The.handful.of.salt.would.
be.like.a.galaxy ..A.galaxy.is.a.large.group.of.stars,.and.
there.are.a.lot.of.them .
A:. OK,.so.a.table.with.a.handful.of.salt.represents.a.
galaxy .
B:. Right ..Bryson.then.says.to.imagine.1,500.tables,.each.
with.a.handful.of.salt.across.them ..
A:. And,.each.handful.of.salt.on.the.1,500.tables.would.be.
a.galaxy?.
B:. Exactly ..Now.Bryson.says.to.imagine.one.grain.of..
salt—that’s.one.grain—put.anywhere.on.one.of.the.
tables ..Then.have.Robert.Evans.walk.among.the.
tables,.and.he.would.be.able.to.find.the.one.new.grain.
of.salt ..
A:. Wow ..That’s.really.something ..So.he.basically.
memorizes.the.patterns.of.stars.in.all.those.different.
galaxies?
B:. Yes,.and.then.he.can.notice.something.new.and.that’s.
how.he’s.been.able.to.identify.supernovas ..
A:. That.really.is.extraordinary!.He.must.spend.a.lot.of.
time.searching.for.these.things .
B:. Yes,.but.remember.he’s.an.amateur ..This.isn’t.his.job,.
so.he.does.this.in.addition.to.his.daily.life ..
A:. I.can’t.imagine.how.many.hours.he’s.spent.at.night.
looking.at.the.sky ..
B:. I.know ..It.truly.is.a.passion.for.these.amateurs.
.. .. .. ..Now,.in.addition.to.his.amazing.ability.to.
memorize.star.patterns,.Robert.Evans.has.had.two.
other.advantages ..First,.he.lives.in.Australia,.and.for.
quite.a.while.he.was.pretty.much.the.only.amateur.
astronomer.looking.in.the.Southern.Hemisphere ..All.
the.other.amateurs.were.in.the.Northern.Hemisphere ..
A:. And.what.was.the.other.advantage?.
B:. It.was.actually.that.he.had.a.smaller.telescope.than.the.
professionals.use ..That,.combined.with.his.memory,.
meant.that.he.could.move.his.telescope.a.lot.faster.
than.other.people’s.and.observe.more.galaxies.in.one.
night,.which.made.it.more.likely.that.he.might.see.one.
of.these.rare.dying.stars ..Things.have.changed..
though. .. .. ..professionals—and.now.even.amateurs—
now.use.something.like.a.digital.camera.on.the.
telescope.that.can.take.thousands.of.pictures ..Then,.
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they.use.a.computer.to.analyze.the.photos ..They’ve.
been.able.to.find.a.lot.more.supernovas.as.a.result.of.
this.technology ..
A:. And.what.about.Robert.Evans. .. .. ..does.he.use.this.
technology.now?
B:. No,.apparently.he.says.he.doesn’t.want.to.use.it ..He.
says.he.wants.to.continue.using.his.method ..I’m.sure.
he.realizes.that.he.may.have.fewer.finds,.but.I.guess.
he.must.still.find.it.satisfying ..
A:. Hmm ..Well,.that.was.fascinating,.Sharon ..Thank.you.
very.much.for.coming.in.today ..
B:. You’re.welcome .
5 Pronunciation
exercise (p. 99)
. 1 .. That.will.give.you.a.better.idea ..
. 2 .. Amateurs.can.actually.make.important.
discoveries ..
. 3 .. He.would.be.able.to.find.a.dying.star ..
. 4 .. He.could.move.his.telescope.faster.than.other.
people .
exercise 2 (p. 99)
. 1 .. With.new.technology,.astronomers.can.find.more.
supernovas ..
. 2 .. Do.you.think.they.will.discover.anything.new?.
. 3 .. What.technology.would.help.scientists?.
. 4 .. It’s.amazing.that.he.can.memorize.the.patterns.of.
the.stars ..
. 5 .. Do.you.think.you.could.do.that?
6 Speaking Skills
exercise (p. 99)
See.underlined.extract.from.the.radio.interview.on.page.39 .
Chapter 2
International Studies
2 Listening Practice
B Listening for Main Ideas (p. 102)
I.had.just.begun.an.appointment.as.a.visiting.professor.
of.psychology.at.a.university.in.Brazil,.near.Rio.
de.Janeiro ..I.arrived.anxious.to.observe.just.what.
characteristics.of.this.alien.culture.would.require.the.
greatest.readjustment.from.me ..From.my.past.travel.
experiences,.I.anticipated.difficulties.with.such.issues.as.
language.and.privacy ..But.these.turned.out.to.be.a.piece.
of.cake.compared.to.the.distress.that.Brazilians’.ideas.of.
time.and.punctuality.caused.me .
My.lessons.began.soon.after.arriving.in.Brazil ..As.I.left.
home.for.my.first.day.of.teaching,.I.asked.someone.the.
time ..It.was.9:05.a .m .,.allowing.me.plenty.of.time.to.get.
to.my.ten.o’clock.lecture ..After.what.I.judged.to.be.half.
an.hour,.I.glanced.at.a.clock.I.was.passing ..It.said.10:20 ..
In.panic,.I.broke.for.the.classroom,.followed.by.gentle.
calls.of.“Alo,.professor!”.from.unhurried.students,.
many.of.whom,.I.later.realized,.were.my.own ..I.arrived.
breathless—only.to.find.an.empty.room .
Frantically,.I.asked.a.passerby.the.time ..“9:45”.came.
the.answer ..No,.that.couldn’t.be ..I.asked.someone.else ..
“9:55 .”.Another.squinted.down.at.his.watch.and.called.
out.proudly,.“Exactly.9:43 .”.The.clock.in.a.nearby.office.
read.3:15 ..I.had.received.my.first.two.lessons.about.time.
and.punctuality ..Brazilian.timepieces.are.consistently.
inaccurate,.and.nobody.seemed.to.mind.but.me .
My.class.was.scheduled.from.10.until.noon ..Many.
students.came.late ..Several.arrived.after.10:30 ..A.few.
showed.up.closer.to.11 ..Two.came.after.that ..All.of.the.
latecomers.wore.the.relaxed.smiles.I.later.came.to.enjoy ..
Each.one.greeted.me,.and.although.a.few.apologized.
briefly,.none.seemed.terribly.concerned.about.being.late ..
They.assumed.that.I.understood .
That.Brazilians.would.arrive.late.was.no.surprise,.
although.it.was.certainly.a.new.personal.experience.to.
watch.students.casually.enter.a.classroom.more.than.
one.hour.late.for.a.two-hour.class ..The.real.surprise.
came.at.noon.that.first.day,.when.the.class.came.to.a.
close .
Back.home.in.California,.I.never.need.to.look.at.a.clock.
to.know.when.the.class.hour.is.ending ..The.shuffling.of.
books.is.accompanied.by.strained.expressions.screaming.
“I’m.hungry,.I’m.thirsty,.I’ve.got.to.go.to.the.bathroom,.
I’m.going.to.suffocate.if.you.keep.us.here.one.more.
second .”.The.pain,.I.find,.usually.becomes.unbearable.
at.two.minutes.to.the.hour.for.undergraduates.and.at.
about.five.minutes.to.the.hour.for.graduate.students .
But.when.noon.arrived,.only.a.few.students.left.right.
away ..Others.slowly.drifted.out.during.the.next.15.
minutes,.and.some.continued.asking.me.questions.long.
after.that ..Several.remaining.students.kicked.off.their.
shoes.at.12:30 ..I.could.not,.with.any.honesty,.say.that.
this.was.due.to.my.superb.teaching.style ..I.had,.in.fact,.
just.spent.two.hours.lecturing.on.statistics.in.halting.
Portuguese .
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D Focus on the Listening Skill
exercise 3 (p. 04)
From.my.past.travel.experiences,.I.anticipated.
difficulties.with.such.issues.as.language.and.privacy ..
But.these.turned.out.to.be.a.piece.of.cake.compared.
to.the.distress.that.Brazilians’.ideas.of.time.and.
punctuality.caused.me .
exercise 5 (p. 04)
Back.home.in.California,.I.never.need.to.look.at.a.clock.
to.know.when.the.class.hour.is.ending ..The.shuffling.
of.books.is.accompanied.by.strained.expressions.
screaming,.“I’m.hungry,.I’m.thirsty,.I’ve.got.to.go.to.the.
bathroom,.I’m.going.to.suffocate.if.you.keep.us.here.one.
more.second .”
4 Listening Practice
B Listening for Main Ideas (p. 106)
Today.I’m.going.to.talk.a.little.about.culture.shock,.
and.what.I.mean.by.that.is.the.kind.of.psychological.
problems.a.person.may.have.while.living.in.a.different.
culture. .. .. ..someone.who.moves.to.a.different.culture,.
in.particular,.and.the.new.culture.doesn’t.have.to.be.
all.that.different,.problems.can.happen.between.people.
who.come.from.similar.cultures.or.who.speak.the.same.
language:.the.United.States.and.Britain,.for.example ..
So.anyway,.we’ll.look.at.the.stages.of.culture.shock.and.
then.we’ll.discuss.some.strategies.for.dealing.with.it ..
First.of.all,.the.expression.“culture.shock”.was.invented.
in.1954.by.an.American.anthropologist,.Dr ..Kalvero.
Oberg ..Oberg.described.four.different.stages.of.culture.
shock ..Other.psychologists.have.added.more ..There’s.a.
fifth.stage.that.I’ll.describe ..I’m.sure.those.of.you.who.
have.had.experience.in.a.different.culture.will.recognize.
some.of.these.stages .
The.first.stage.is.often.called.the.honeymoon.period:.
it’s.kind.of.a.euphoric.stage ..When.you.first.arrive. .. ..
..hey,.new.country!.Everything.is.exotic.and.exciting ..
You.notice.all.the.differences,.and.you.delight.in.them,.
like.a.tourist ..If.you.have.friends.there,.they.may.go.out.
of.their.way.to.make.you.feel.at.home ..They.treat.you.
like.a.special.guest,.and.it’s.a.very.positive.experience ..
Maybe.you.have.a.few.problems,.but.they.don’t.bother.
you.that.much ..It’s.all.fun ..It’s.all.part.of.the.new.
experience .
But.honeymoons.don’t.last.forever ..And.if.you’re.going.
to.live.in.a.new.place,.you.have.to.come.to.terms.with.
the.day-to-day.realities.of.life.there ..You.have.to.open.
a.bank.account,.perhaps.find.an.apartment,.find.a.job ..
Often,.you.don’t.speak.the.language,.and.you.don’t.
really.know.how.to.go.about.doing.things ..That’s.when.
you.realize.that.the.support.systems.that.you.had.in.
your.old.country,.and.the.ways.that.you.got.things.done.
there,.may.not.be.the.same.here.in.the.new.country ..
You’re.like.a.fish.out.of.water. .. .. ..out.of.your.own.
environment,.and.you.don’t.know.how.things.work,.or.
you.get.irritated.at.the.different.ways.that.things.work. ..
.. ..and—and.this.is.often.a.big.part.of.it—nobody.seems.
to.care ..
That’s.when.you’re.moving.into.the.second.stage,.which.
is.the.stage.most.people.think.of.when.they.talk.about.
culture.shock ..It’s.a.kind.of.rejection.stage ..The.stores.
aren’t.open.when.you.want.them.to.be ..The.taxi.drivers.
aren’t.helpful ..You’re.fed.up.with.the.food ..You’re.sick.
of.seeing.movies.with.subtitles ..You’re.trying.to.learn.
the.language,.but.nobody.appreciates.your.efforts ..
When.you.go.out.with.people,.everyone.ignores.you ..All.
of.this.kind.of.adds.up,.and.it.can.make.you.feel.pretty.
miserable ..People.even.experience.physical.symptoms .
Now.most.people.go.through.this.stage.to.some.
extent ..And.how.you.deal.with.this.stage.is.really.
important ..Because.it’s.a.challenge,.and.you.just.have.
to.accept.it.and.work.through.it ..Unfortunately,.a.lot.of.
people.move.into.a.third.stage.from.here,.a.kind.of.a.
superiority.phase ..That’s.when.you.start.feeling.superior.
to.the.new.culture ..You.tend.to.get.together.with.
friends.from.your.home.culture.and.complain.about.
the.country.you’re.in ..Everything.about.the.new.place.
is.bad;.everything.about.the.old.place.is.good ..You’re.
romanticizing.your.own.country.or.your.own.culture .
Stage.four.is.where.you.begin.to.adjust.to.the.new.
country ..Some.time.passes,.and.you’re.getting.used.to.
things ..Maybe.you.speak.the.language.a.little ..Maybe.
your.job.becomes.more.interesting ..Maybe.you’ve.met.
some.new.friends.and.they’re.helping.you.to.adjust ..For.
whatever.reason,.you’re. .. .. ..you’re.starting.to.feel.a.little.
more.at.home ..You.realize.that.there.are.things.that.you.
actually.like.about.the.new.country ..This.is.called.the.
adjustment.period,.and.it’s.a.more.mature.stage,.when.
you.begin.to.realize.that.there.are.good.things.and.bad.
things.everywhere.you.go .
Some.people.talk.about.a.fifth.stage:.reverse.culture.
shock,.which.is.when.you.finally.return.to.the.culture.
you.came.from ..Often.you’re.actually.disappointed.
at.things.there,.and.then.you.realize.that.you.have.
changed,.and.that.there.are.some.things.that.you.like.
better.in.the.new.culture ..
So.that’s.the.stages.of.culture.shock ..Now.if.you’re.going.
to.study.or.work.overseas,.it.really.helps.to.know.about.
culture.shock,.so.you.can.prepare.yourself.in.advance ..
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And.if.you.know.about.it,.you.can.anticipate.it,.and.
maybe.not.avoid.it.completely,.but.take.action.to.deal.
with.it ..So.what.are.some.things.that.you.could.do. .. .. .. .
D Working Out Unknown Vocabulary (p. 107)
. 1 .. The.first.stage.is.often.called.the.honeymoon.
period ..It’s.kind.of.a.euphoric.stage ..When.you.
first.arrive. .. .. ..hey,.new.country!.Everything.is.
exotic.and.exciting .
. 2 .. If.you.have.friends.there,.they.may.go.out.of.their.
way.to.make.you.feel.at.home ..They.treat.you.like.
a.special.guest,.and.it’s.a.very.positive.experience .
. 3 .. But.honeymoons.don’t.last.forever ..And.if.you’re.
going.to.live.in.a.new.place,.you.have.to.come.to.
terms.with.the.day-to-day.realities.of.life.there ..
You.have.to.open.a.bank.account,.perhaps.find.an.
apartment,.find.a.job .
. 4 .. You’re.like.a.fish.out.of.water. .. .. ..out.of.your.own.
environment,.and.you.don’t.know.how.things.
work,.or.you.get.irritated.at.the.different.ways.
that.things.work. .. .. ..and—and.this.is.often.a.big.
part.of.it—nobody.seems.to.care .
. 5 .. It’s.a.kind.of.rejection.stage ..The.stores.aren’t.
open.when.you.want.them.to.be ..The.taxi.drivers.
aren’t.helpful ..You’re.fed.up.with.the.food ..You’re.
sick.of.seeing.movies.with.subtitles .
. 6 .. Everything.about.the.new.place.is.bad;.everything.
about.the.old.place.is.good ..You’re.romanticizing.
your.own.country.or.your.own.culture .
5 Pronunciation
exercise (p. 08)
. 1 .. At.first.it.was.a.positive.experience ..
. 2 .. I.felt.at.home.in.England .
. 3 .. I.opened.a.bank.account .
. 4 .. But.I.didn’t.have.a.job .
. 5 .. In.the.end.I.worked.it.out .
. 6 .. But.it.took.a.lot.of.time .
6 Speaking Skills
exercise (p. 09)
A = Male 1, B = Female 1, C = Female 2, D = Male 2
A:.. OK,.so.are.we.all.clear.about.what.we.have.to.do?.
Let’s.go.to.the.first.point ..If.you’re.going.to.live.
overseas,.it’s.important.to.learn.about.the.country.in.
advance ..Any.specific.examples.of.that?
B:. You.could.read.about.the.culture .
A:.. Right ..Any.other.ideas?.
C:. What.about.the.language?.You.should.try.to.learn.
some.of.the.language.too,.right?
B:. Absolutely .
A:.. Let.me.get.that.down. .. .. ..language. .. .. ..right ..What.else.
could.we.say?.Oliver,.what.do.you.think?
D:.. Maybe. .. .. ..I.don’t.know. .. .. ..try.to.meet.people.from.
the.particular.country,.for.example .
C:. Yeah .
A:.. Good.point ..Great ..Does.anyone.have.anything.to.add.
to.that?.OK.then,.can.we.move.on?
I S B N 0 - 1 9 - 4 4 1 7 7 5 - 1
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