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/* Define ’C0’ Interrupt for code relocation. Interrupt ’C0’ may not be

required for the application, however is still defined as it is

is a workaround for ZDS-II to do code relocation*/

#pragma interrupt

void isr_C0(void)

{

}

void init_PC0(void)

{

SET_VECTOR(C0, isr_C0);

}

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/

*************************************************

* Copyright (C) 1999-2002 by ZiLOG, Inc.

* All Rights Reserved

*

* Flash_IO.h : Header file for Flash Driver

**************************************************/

#define PAGE_SIZE

512

//Prototype definitions

unsigned int UnlockFlash(void);

void LockFlash(void);

unsigned int EraseFlash(unsigned int pagenum);

void WriteByteToFlash(int location, unsigned int value);

void WriteByteToFlash1(int location, unsigned int value);

unsigned int ReadByteFromFlash(int location);

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/************************************************************

* Copyright (C) 1999-2002 by ZiLOG, Inc.

* All Rights Reserved

*

* EVB.h :Evaluation board header file and RAM I/O defines

************************************************************/

typedef unsigned char volatile far *IORegInt8;

#define IO_ADDR(addr) *((IORegInt8) addr)

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/*************************************************

* Copyright (C) 1999-2002 by ZiLOG, Inc.

* All Rights Reserved

*

* SIO.h : Header file for Serial Drivers

**************************************************/

// Function Prototypes

void init_uart(void);

char putch(char c);

int kbhit(void);

char getch(void);

void init_UART1_Int(void);

void dis_UART1_Int(void);

void modem_access(void);

void DMA_modem_access(void);

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/***********************************************************

* Copyright (C) 1999-2002 by ZiLOG, Inc.

* All Rights Reserved

*

* loadhex.h : Header file for HEX file parser and loader

***********************************************************/

// prototype definitions

void InitLoadHex(void);

void LoadHexMain(void);

char HexCharToLowNibble(char c);

#define VersionString "\r\nZiLOG eZ8 Flash Loader Version 0.95"

#define PromptString "\r\neZ8>"

#define USER_START_ADDR0

x4000

#define JUMP_TO_USER_CODE

"jp 4000H"

// "jp USER_START_ADDR"

#define USER_START_PAGE

0x20

// (USER_START_ADDDR >> 9)

#define USER_END_PAGE

0x7F

// (0xFFFF >> 9)

#define BL_STA_HIGH

0x02

// Boot Loader Start Address High Nibble

#define BL_STA_LOW

0x00

// Boot Loader Start Address Low Nibble

//----------------------------------------------------------

//General constants

#define FALSE

0

#define TRUE

1

//-----------------------------------------------------------

//ASCII char values for some special keys used in the monitor

#define BACKSPACE

8

#define CTRL_Q

17

#define CTRL_S

19

#define ESC

27

#define CTRL_C

3

#defineBELL

7

//Various record types used in eZ8 Hex files

#define DATARECORD 0x00

#define EOFRECORD 0x01

//Various return codes

#define LOADHEX_OK 0

#define LOADHEX_USERABORT 1

#define LOADHEX_ERRONEOUS 2

//---------------------------------------------------------------------------

//Various states of the hex file downloader function

#define WAITFOR_RECORDBEGIN 1

#define RECORDLENGTH 2

#define COMMENTFIELD 3

#define RECORDADDRESS 4

#define RECORDTYPE 5

#define DATAFIELD 6

#define SUMCHECK 7

#define EXTENDEDADDRESS 8

#define STARTADDRESS 9

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/***********************************************************

* Copyright (C) 1999-2002 by ZiLOG, Inc.

* All Rights Reserved

*

* UserIF.h : Header file for Flash Loader User Interface

***********************************************************/

// Function Prototypes

void LoadHex(void);

void Write_Flash1(void);

void Read_Flash1 (void);

void inputIOport(void);

void outputIOport(void);

void prompt(void);

void display_help(void);

void execute_user_code(void);

void process_char(int c);

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/********************************************************

* Copyright (C) 1999-2002 by ZiLOG, Inc.

* All Rights Reserved

*

* utlity.h :Header file for Flash Loader Utilties

*******************************************************/

// Prototype Definitions

void clear_screen (void);

unsigned int ScanHex (unsigned char num);

int ascii_to_hex(int c);

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/*************************************************

* Copyright (C) 1999-2002 by ZiLOG, Inc.

* All Rights Reserved

*

* flashloader.c: contains main program

* for Flash Boot Loader

*************************************************/

#include <stdio.h>

#include <string.h>

#include <ez8.h>

#include "SIO.h"

#include "utility.h"

#include "loadhex.h"

#include "UserIF.h"

/*************************************************

* Main Program

**************************************************/

main ()

{

int i;

unsigned char ch;

init_uart();

// check for special sequence key - space tab

for(i=0; i< 0x2000; i++)

if(U0STAT0 & 0x80) //Wait for receive data available

ch = U0D;

// if Special sequence key is not present - transfer PC

// to user application code area

if( ch != ’ ’)

execute_user_code();

// if Special sequence key is present -- clear screen, put Version String

// and prompt for User input

clear_screen();

puts(VersionString);

puts("\r\n\n Type H for help\n");

prompt();

while(1)

{

do

{

ch = getch ();

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putch (ch);

} while(ch < 0);

process_char(ch);

}

} // end of main

/* Define ’C0’ Interrupt for code relocation. Interrupt ’C0’ is not

required for the boot loader, however is still defined as it is

a workaround for ZDS-II to perform code relocation*/

#pragma interrupt

void isr_C0(void)

{

}

void init_PC0(void)

{

SET_VECTOR(C0, isr_C0);

}

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/*************************************************

* Copyright (C) 1999-2002 by ZiLOG, Inc.

* All Rights Reserved

*

* flash_IO.c:Flash I/O Driver routines

*************************************************/

#include <ez8.h>

#include "flash_IO.h"

char far Flash_Page[PAGE_SIZE];// Far is used so this variable is placed in

//Edata

char near RamByte;

/* This function unlocks Flash for Flash Programming */

unsigned int UnlockFlash(void)

{

if( (FSTAT & 0x3F) == 0x00 )// Flash Controller Locked state

{

FCTL = 0x73;// First unlock command

if ( (FSTAT & 0x3F) == 0x01 )// First unlock Command recieved

{

FCTL = 0x8C;// Second unlock command

if ( (FSTAT & 0x3F) == 0x02 )// Unlocked programming state

return 0x00;

else

return 0xFF;

}

else

return 0xFF;

}

else

return 0xFF;

}

/* Locks the Flash controller */

void LockFlash(void)

{

while( (FSTAT & 0x3F) != 0x00 )

{

FCTL = 0xFF;// write some value other than 0x73, 0x8c, 0x95, and 0x63

// to Flash control Register

}

}

/* This function Erases the page "pagenum" in Flash */

unsigned int EraseFlash(unsigned int pagenum)

{

unsigned int status;

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status = UnlockFlash();

if (status == 0x00)

{

// check if Flash is unlocked

FPS = pagenum; // Set the page to be erased

FCTL = 0x95;// Page erase

}

// No need to unlock as Flash controller locks immediatetly after page erase

}

/* This function writes a single byte value to the Flash location. It assumes the Page

that corresponds to the location needs to be erased. */

void WriteByteToFlash(int location, unsigned int value)

{

unsigned int pagenum;

int i, TempLoc;

pagenum = (location>>9);// compute the page number of byte address

TempLoc = (location & 0xFE00);

for(i=0; i< PAGE_SIZE; i++)// save the Flash page in RAM

Flash_Page[i] = ReadByteFromFlash(TempLoc+i);

// Modify the byte location in RAM that corresponds to Flash saved page

Flash_Page[location - TempLoc] = value;

EraseFlash(pagenum);// erase Flash Page

// Restore the page from RAM back to Flash

for(i=0; i< PAGE_SIZE; i++)

WriteByteToFlash1(TempLoc+i, Flash_Page[i]);

LockFlash();

}

/* This function writes a single byte value in the Flash location. It assumes the Byte

value of the Flash location is 0xFF and need NOT be erased before programming */

void WriteByteToFlash1(int location, unsigned int value)

{

UnlockFlash();

RamByte=(location>>8);

asm("LD R8, _RamByte");

RamByte = (location & 0x00FF);

asm("LD R9, _RamByte");

RamByte = value;

asm("LD R10, _RamByte");

asm("LDC @RR8, R10");// Load Byte into Flash location

}

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/* This function returns a single byte value read from the Flash location */

unsigned int ReadByteFromFlash(int location)

{

unsigned int value;

RamByte=(location>>8);

asm("LD R8, _RamByte");

RamByte = (location & 0x00FF);

asm("LD R9, _RamByte");

asm("LDC R10, @RR8");

asm("LD _RamByte, R10");

value = RamByte;

return (value&0xFF);

}

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/*************************************************

* Copyright (C) 1999-2002 by ZiLOG, Inc.

* All Rights Reserved

*

* loadhex.c : Functions to parse a hex file and

* download into the Flash

**************************************************/

#include <ez8.h>

#include <stdio.h>

#include <ctype.h>

#include "loadhex.h"

#include "flash_IO.h"

#include "SIO.h"

#include "utility.h"

extern char far Flash_Page[];

far char InterruptTable[0x38];

//------------------------------------------------------------------------------

char Ch, PrevCh;

unsigned int DownLoadState, HexCharCount, SumCheckValue, DownLoadErrors;

unsigned int Record_Address, RecType, CheckSumByte, DataCount, Count, index;

unsigned int LinesInFile, TotalBytes, NotWritable;

char done, SumByte, ChUpper, DataByte;

//------------------------------------------------------------------------------

char GetNextChar(void)

{

PrevCh = Ch;

Ch = getch();

return(Ch);

}

//------------------------------------------------------------------------------

void InitLoadHex(void)

{

unsigned int ch;

for(ch=0; ch < 0x38 ; ch++)

InterruptTable[ch] = 0xFF;

// Erase from location USER_START_ADDRESS(0x20) - 0xFFFF

for(ch = USER_START_PAGE; ch <= USER_END_PAGE; ch++)

EraseFlash(ch);

done = FALSE; PrevCh = ’\0’;

DownLoadState = WAITFOR_RECORDBEGIN; //wait for ’:’

DownLoadErrors = 0;

TotalBytes = 0;

NotWritable = 0;

LinesInFile = 0;

}

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void LoadHexMain(void )

{

unsigned int ch;

Ch = GetNextChar();

if(Ch == ESC)

{

done = TRUE;

DownLoadState=LOADHEX_USERABORT;//User terminated load by pressing ESC key

}

else if(Ch == ’:’ && (DownLoadState != WAITFOR_RECORDBEGIN))

{

if (PrevCh == ’\n’)

LinesInFile++;

else

DownLoadErrors++;

DownLoadState=WAITFOR_RECORDBEGIN;

}

//Process te char depending on the state of download

switch(DownLoadState)

{

case WAITFOR_RECORDBEGIN:

switch(Ch)

{

case ’ ’: //Ignore white space before record begins

case ’\t’:

case ’\r’: //keep track of No.of Lines in hex file

LinesInFile++;

break;

case ’\n’:

if(PrevCh == ’\r’) break;

else LinesInFile++;

break;

case ’:’:

SumCheckValue = 0;

//Init the byte checksum to 0

DownLoadState = RECORDLENGTH;

HexCharCount = 0;

Count = 0;

break;

case ’*’:

//Allow for * delimited lines

DownLoadState = COMMENTFIELD;

break;

default: //We are recving out of place characters/ damaged record stream

DownLoadState = COMMENTFIELD;

DownLoadErrors++;

break;

}

break;

//---------------------------------------------------------

case COMMENTFIELD:

//Wait till resynchronization opportunity

if(Ch == ’\n’ || Ch == ’\r’)

DownLoadState = WAITFOR_RECORDBEGIN;

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break;

//----------------------------------------------------------

case RECORDLENGTH:

if(!isxdigit(Ch))

{

DownLoadState = COMMENTFIELD;

break;

}

Count = ((Count << 4) | ascii_to_hex(Ch)) & 0xFF;

HexCharCount++;

if((HexCharCount & 0x01) == 0) SumCheckValue += Count & 0xFF;

if(HexCharCount == 2)

{

DownLoadState = RECORDADDRESS;

Record_Address = 0;

HexCharCount=0;

}

break;

//-----------------------------------------------------------

case RECORDADDRESS:

//A 4 character offset address field

if(!isxdigit(Ch))

{

DownLoadState = COMMENTFIELD;

break;

}

Record_Address = ((Record_Address << 4) | ascii_to_hex(Ch)) & 0xFFFF;

HexCharCount++;

if((HexCharCount & 0x01) == 0) SumCheckValue += Record_Address & 0xFF;

if(HexCharCount > 3)

{

DownLoadState = RECORDTYPE;

HexCharCount = 0;

RecType=0;

}

break;

//----------------------------------------------------------

case RECORDTYPE:

if(!isxdigit(Ch))

{

DownLoadState = COMMENTFIELD;

break;

}

RecType = ((RecType << 4) | ascii_to_hex(Ch)) & 0xFF;

HexCharCount++;

if(HexCharCount > 1)

{

HexCharCount = 0;

SumCheckValue += RecType;

index =0;

switch(RecType)

{

//----------------------------

case DATARECORD:

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HexCharCount = 0;

if(Count>0)

DownLoadState = DATAFIELD;

else

DownLoadState = SUMCHECK;

SumByte = 0;

break;

//---------------------------

case EOFRECORD:

DownLoadState = SUMCHECK;

HexCharCount = 0;

SumByte = 0; //This used to recv incoming chksum

// Program the Option bits and Interrupt Vector Table

EraseFlash(0x00);

// Save User Reset Address

Record_Address =

(InterruptTable[03] + (InterruptTable[02]<<8) );

// Write BootLoader Reset Address

InterruptTable[02] = BL_STA_HIGH;

InterruptTable[03] = BL_STA_LOW;

for(ch=0; ch < 0x38 ; ch++)

{

WriteByteToFlash1((int)ch, (

unsigned int)InterruptTable[ch]);

LockFlash();

done = TRUE;

break;

//--------------------------

default:

DownLoadState = COMMENTFIELD;

DownLoadErrors++;

break;

//--------------------------

}//switch(RecType)

}//if

break;

//---------------------------------------------------------------

case DATAFIELD:

if(!isxdigit(Ch))

{

DownLoadErrors++;

DownLoadState = COMMENTFIELD;

break;

}

//Shift in the newest nibble and mask off leakage into upper nibbles

DataByte = ((DataByte << 4) | ascii_to_hex(Ch)) & 0xFF; //FF mask

HexCharCount++;

if((HexCharCount & 0x01) == 0)

{

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SumCheckValue += DataByte;

Flash_Page[index] = DataByte;

if( Flash_Page[index] != DataByte)

{

NotWritable++;

DownLoadErrors++;

}

TotalBytes++;

index++;

}

//Same as "Hexchars >= Count*2" bytes

if(HexCharCount >= (Count << 1))

{

DownLoadState = SUMCHECK;

SumByte = 0;

HexCharCount = 0;

if (Record_Address > 0x3FFF)

{

// Program flash

for(ch=0; ch < Count ; ch++)

WriteByteToFlash1(Record_Address+ch,

(unsigned int)Flash_Page[ch]);

LockFlash();

}

else if (Record_Address < 0x0038)

{

for(ch=0; ch < Count; ch++)

InterruptTable[ch + (Record_Address& 0xFF)] =

Flash_Page[ch];

}

else

{

NotWritable += Count;

printf("\nHex file conflict with boot loader at

Record Address: %4x\n", Record_Address);

}

}

break;

//--------------------------------------------------------------

case SUMCHECK:

if(!isxdigit(Ch))

{

DownLoadState = COMMENTFIELD;

break;

}

SumByte = ((SumByte << 4) | ascii_to_hex(Ch)) & 0xFF;

HexCharCount++;

if(HexCharCount > 1)

{

putch(’.’);

HexCharCount = 0;

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if(((SumByte + SumCheckValue)&0xFF) != 0)

DownLoadErrors++;

if(RecType == EOFRECORD)

done = TRUE;

else

{

DownLoadState = WAITFOR_RECORDBEGIN;

HexCharCount = 0;

}

}

break;

//-------------------------------------------------------------

default:

DownLoadErrors++;

DownLoadState = COMMENTFIELD;

break;

//-------------------------------------------------------------

}// end of switch

}// end of loadhex

//---------------------------------------------------------------------------

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/*************************************************

* Copyright (C) 1999-2002 by ZiLOG, Inc.

* All Rights Reserved

*

* Sio.c :Serial I/O Driver Routines

*************************************************/

#include <stdio.h>

#include <eZ8.h>

// BRG = freq/( baud * 16)

#define FREQ

18432000

// 18.432MHz

#define BAUD

9600

// 9.6K baud

#define BRG

FREQ/(BAUD*16)

#define UART0

/*****************************************************************************/

void init_uart(void)

{

PAAF |= 0x30;

// Enable TxD0/RxD0 pins

U0BRH = (char)(BRG >> 8);

U0BRL = (char)(BRG & 0xff);

U0CTL0 = 0xc0; // Transmit enable, Receive Enable, No Parity, 1 Stop

}

/****************************************************************/

char putch(char c)

{

if (c == ’\n’)

{

do

{

#if defined(UART0)

U0CTL0 |= 0x20;

// Clear to send enable

} while (!(U0STAT0 & 0x04)); // Transmit Data register enabled

U0D = ’\r’; // Send data

#elif defined(UART1)

U1CTL0 |= 0x20; // Clear to send enable

} while (!(U1STAT1 & 0x04)); // Transmit Data register enabled

U1D = ’\r’; // Send data

#endif

}

do

{

#if defined(UART0)

U0CTL0 |= 0x20; // Clear to send enable

} while (!(U0STAT0 & 0x04)); // Transmit Data register enabled

U0D = c; // Send data

#elif defined(UART1)

U1CTL0 |= 0x20; // Clear to send enable

} while (!(U1STAT1 & 0x04));// Transmit Data register enabled

U1D = c; // Send data

#endif

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}

/****************************************************************/

int kbhit(void)

{

#if defined(UART0)

if (U0STAT0 & 0x80) // check for receive data available

#elif defined(UART1)

if (U1STAT1 & 0x80) // check for receive data available

#endif

return(1);

return(0);

}

/****************************************************************/

char getch(void)

{

char ch;

#if defined(UART0)

while (!(U0STAT0 & 0x80)); // Wait for receive data available

ch = U0D;

#elif defined(UART1)

while (!(U1STAT1 & 0x80)); // Wait for receive data available

ch = U1D;

#endif

if (ch == ’\r’ || ch == (’\r’|0x80))

return ’\n’;

return(ch);

}

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/*************************************************

* Copyright (C) 1999-2002 by ZiLOG, Inc.

* All Rights Reserved

*

* userif.c : User Interface for the Flash Loader

**************************************************/

#include <stdio.h>

#include <string.h>

#include <ctype.h>

#include <ez8.h>

#include "UserIF.h"

#include "utility.h"

#include "Flash_IO.h"

#include "EVB.h"

#include "SIO.h"

#include "loadhex.h"

extern unsigned int DownLoadState, DownLoadErrors;

extern unsigned int Record_Address, LinesInFile, TotalBytes, NotWritable;

extern char done;

//---------------------------------------------------------------------------

void LoadHex(void)

{

printf ("\r\n\tLoad Hex file.. ");

InitLoadHex();

while(!done)

{

LoadHexMain();

}

if(DownLoadState == LOADHEX_USERABORT)

printf("\r\nTerminated by ESC\r\n");

else

{

printf("\r\nDownload Completed\n\n");

printf("\r\n\tDownload Summary of User Application");

printf("\r\n\t====================================\n");

printf("\r\nStart/Reset Address \t\t: %X", Record_Address);

printf("\r\nNo. of Bytes \t\t\t: %d", TotalBytes);

printf("\r\nNo. of Bytes Not Writable \t: %d", NotWritable);

printf("\r\nNo. of Lines \t\t\t: %d", LinesInFile);

printf("\r\nNo. of Download Errors \t\t: %d", DownLoadErrors);

}

}

/****************************************************************/

// This funcction writes to FLASH

/****************************************************************/

void Write_Flash1(void)

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{

unsigned char data;

unsigned int addr;

printf ("\n\r\nEnter Memory Location = ");

addr = ScanHex (4);

data = ReadByteFromFlash(addr);

printf ("\n\rCurrent FLASH Value [%4X] = %2X", addr, data);

printf ("\n\r\nEnter New data = ");

data = ScanHex (2);

WriteByteToFlash(addr, data);

}

/****************************************************************/

// This funcction reads from FLASH

/****************************************************************/

void Read_Flash1(void)

{

unsigned char data;

unsigned int addr;

printf ("\n\r\nEnter Memory Location = ");

addr = ScanHex (4);

data = ReadByteFromFlash(addr);

printf("\n\r\nFLASH [%4X] = %2X", addr, data);

}

/****************************************************************/

// This function reads IO port

/****************************************************************/

void inputIOport(void)

{

unsigned char ch;

int address;

printf ("\r\n\tEnter I/O Address [HEX]: ");

address = ScanHex (3);

ch = IO_ADDR (address);

printf ("\n\r\tCurrent I/O Data = %xH [%xH]",ch,address);

}

/****************************************************************/

// This function writes IO port

/****************************************************************/

void outputIOport(void)

{

unsigned char ch;

int address;

printf ("\r\n\tEnter I/O Addr [HEX]: ");

address = ScanHex (3);

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printf ("\r\n\tEnter I/O data (Current: %2xH [%xH]): ",IO_ADDR (address), address);

ch = ScanHex (2);

IO_ADDR (address) = ch;

}

/****************************************************************/

// This displays the system prompt

/****************************************************************/

void prompt(void)

{

printf(PromptString);

}

/****************************************************************/

// This displays the list of valid commands.

// This is the "help" screen.

/****************************************************************/

void display_help(void)

{

puts("\r\n");

puts("\r H\tDisplay this help");

puts("\r V\tVersion");

puts("\r I\tInput RAM or I/O Port");

puts("\r O\tOutput RAM or I/O Port");

puts("\r R\tRead FLASH");

puts("\r W\tWrite FLASH");

puts("\r L\tLoad Hex File");

printf(" G\tExecute User Application code from %X H \n", USER_START_ADDR);

}

// Function to Execute User Application code from location JUMP_TO_USER_CODE

void execute_user_code(void)

{

asm(JUMP_TO_USER_CODE);

}

/****************************************************************/

// This parses the commands received from main, sorts

// through to determine what type of command it is, then calls

// the appropriate routine to handle it.

/****************************************************************/

void process_char(int c)

{

switch( c )

{

case ’?’:

case ’h’:

case ’H’:

display_help();

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break;

case ’w’:

case ’W’:

Write_Flash1();

break;

case ’r’:

case ’R’:

Read_Flash1();

break;

case ’i’:

case ’I’:

inputIOport ();

break;

case ’o’:

case ’O’:

outputIOport ();

break;

case ’l’:

case ’L’:

LoadHex();

break;

case ’g’:

case ’G’:

printf("\r\n Executing User Application code from %X H \n",

USER_START_ADDR);

execute_user_code();

break;

case ’v’:

case ’V’:

puts(VersionString);

break;

default:

break;

}

prompt();

}

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/*************************************************

* Copyright (C) 1999-2002 by ZiLOG, Inc.

* All Rights Reserved

*

* utility.c : User Interface Utilities

**************************************************/

#include <stdio.h>

#include <string.h>

#include <ctype.h>

#include "SIO.h"

#include <eZ8.h>

/****************************************************************/

// Clear Screen

/****************************************************************/

void clear_screen (void)

{

unsigned int i;

i=32;

while (i > 0)

{

printf ("\n");

i=i-1;

}

}

/****************************************************************/

// This converts an ascii hex character to it’s binary value

// return -1 on error

/****************************************************************/

int ascii_to_hex(int c)

{

if((c >= ’0’) && (c <= ’9’))

return c - ’0’;

else if((c >= ’A’) && (c <= ’F’))

return c - ’A’ + 10;

else if((c >= ’a’) && (c <= ’f’))

return c - ’a’ + 10;

else

return -1;

}

/****************************************************************/

unsigned int ScanHex (unsigned char num)

{

unsigned char ch;

unsigned int addr;

int temp1, temp2, temp3, temp4;

do {

ch=getch ();

temp1 = ascii_to_hex (ch);

} while (temp1 < 0);

printf ("%X",temp1);

if (num == 1) {

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ch = temp1 & 0xf;

return (ch);

}

do {

ch=getch ();

temp2 = ascii_to_hex (ch);

} while (temp2 < 0);

printf ("%X",temp2);

if (num == 2) {

ch = (temp1 << 4) & 0xF0;

ch = (ch | temp2) & 0xFF;

return (ch);

}

do {

ch=getch ();

temp3 = ascii_to_hex (ch);

} while (temp3 < 0);

printf ("%X",temp3);

if (num == 3) {

addr = 0x0000;

addr = (temp1 << 4) & 0x00F0;

addr = (addr | temp2);

addr = (addr << 4) & 0x0FF0;

addr = (addr | temp3) & 0x0FFF;

return (addr);

}

do {

ch=getch ();

temp4 = ascii_to_hex (ch);

} while (temp4 < 0);

printf ("%X",temp4);

addr = 0x0000;

addr = (temp1 << 4) & 0x00F0;

addr = (addr | temp2);

addr = (addr << 4) & 0x0FF0;

addr = (addr | temp3);

addr = (addr << 4) & 0xFFF0;

addr = (addr | temp4) & 0xFFFF;

return (addr);

}

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