Bulgarian for English Speakers 26pages (1)

BULGARIAN

for English
Speakers

BULGARIAN for English Speakers is a brand new self-study

book specially designed to meet the needs of anybody intending
to learn Bulgarian well in a short time. Whoever you are - a student,
a businessperson or a visitor to the country, this book is for you.

BULGARIAN for English Speakers contains all the knowledge

that you need, emphasizing on real-world tasks. The book includes many
dialogues and other texts specially created to help you speak and be
understood. It develops your vocabulary systematically and also covers
all the required grammar skills.

Bulgarian
for English Speakers

“” ! - "

60/90/16

ISBN 954-8805-69- 3

“” 2005
www.gramma-bg.com

CONTENTS

The Bulgarian Alphabet
Pronunciation Table ............................................................................................ 9
How to read Bulgarian ...................................................................................... 11

LESSON 1
DIALOGUES. ..................................................................................................... 27
GRAMMAR NOTES .......................................................................................... 34

Categories of Person, Gender and Number ................................................ 34
Personal Pronouns ...................................................................................... 35
Auxiliary Verb $% (to be) - Positive, Negative, Interrogative

and Negative-Interrogative Forms. ......................................................... 35

The Present Tense of the Verb $% (to be) - Conjugation of the Verb ...... 35
Nouns Used When Speaking about Countries and Nationalities ............... 37
Interrogative Pronouns &'?, &*?, &+?, &8? (who?; which?);

%?, ?, &?, 8? (what?) .................................... 39

LESSON 2
DIALOGUES. ..................................................................................................... 44
GRAMMAR NOTES. ......................................................................................... 57

The Noun.
Gender of the Noun. ..................................................................................... 57
Use of the Article with Nouns of Masculine,

Feminine and Neuter Genders in the Singular ...................................... 58

Demonstrative Pronouns for Near and Distant Objects. .............................. 60
Short Accusative Forms of the Personal Pronouns in the 3rd Person,

Singular and Plural. ................................................................................ 60

Forms of Address. Vocative Forms. .............................................................. 62
Imperative Forms of Some Frequently Used Verbs. .................................... 62

LESSON 3
DIALOGUES. ..................................................................................................... 67
GRAMMAR NOTES. .......................................................................................... 81

Modes of Conjugation. Groups of Verbs. First, Second and Third Group. ... 81
The Present Tense of the Verb 8 (to have).
Impersonal use of 8 (to have) - 8 (there is) ................................... 83
Verbs of the Third Group in Present Tense - Conjugation

of Some Frequently Used Verbs ............................................................ 84

Cardinal Numbers From 1 To 10 .................................................................. 86
Ordinal Numbers From 1 To 10 .................................................................... 87
The Prepositions (in), = (on, at), +> (in, during, through) ................ 89

LESSON 4
DIALOGUES. ..................................................................................................... 92
GRAMMAR NOTES ........................................................................................ 102

Countable Form of Masculine Nouns in the Singular .............................. 102
Plural of Masculine, Feminine and Neuter Gender Nouns ....................... 102
Use of the Article with Masculine,

Feminine and Neuter Gender Nouns of in Plural ................................ 105

Cardinal Numbers From 10 To 1000 ......................................................... 106
Questions &? (when?), %!+? (where?), >@&? (why?) ................ 107

LESSON 5
DIALOGUES ..................................................................................................... 111
GRAMMAR NOTES ......................................................................................... 119

Present Tense of Verbs of the First Group - Conjugation.

Positive, Negative, Interrogative and Negative-Interrogative Forms .... 119

Possessive Pronouns - Short Forms ......................................................... 121
The Past Simple Tense of the Verb $% (to be) - All Forms ..................... 123

LESSON 6
DIALOGUES. ................................................................................................... 127
GRAMMAR NOTES. ....................................................................................... 138

Present Tense of Second Group Verbs - All Forms ................................... 138
Ordinal Numerals from 10 To 1000 ............................................................ 140
The Adjective. Agreement of the Adjective with the Noun.

Use of the Article with Adjectives.
Forming Degrees of Comparison ........................................................ 141

Comparison of Adjectives .......................................................................... 143

LESSON 7
DIALOGUES. ................................................................................................... 147
GRAMMAR NOTES ........................................................................................ 157

Future Tense of the Verb $% (to be) ....................................................... 157
Future Tense of Verbs Maintaining the Same Form

in the Present and the Future Tense .................................................... 158

Negative Pronouns .................................................................................... 160
The Position of the Interrogative Particle E8 ............................................. 161
The Prepositions =! (above, over, more than), &! (under, less than),

+! (in front of, before), +!8 (ago, before), $E+! (after, in) ...... 162

LESSON 8
DIALOGUES. ................................................................................................... 165
GRAMMAR NOTES. ........................................................................................ 174

The Present Tense of Reflexive Verbs ........................................................ 174
The Place of the Reflexive Personal Pronoun .......................................... 175

Possessive Pronouns - Complete Forms .................................................. 176
Prepositions , 8, J .............................................................................. 178
Verbal Nouns (Gerund Participles) ............................................................ 180

LESSON 9
DIALOGUES .................................................................................................... 183
GRAMMAR NOTES ........................................................................................ 195

Relative Pronouns ..................................................................................... 195
Complete Accusative Forms of Personal Pronouns .................................. 196
Compound Predicate ................................................................................. 197
The Active Present Participle .................................................................... 199

LESSON 10
DIALOGUES. ................................................................................................... 202
GRAMMAR NOTES. ....................................................................................... 211

Imperfective and Perfective Aspects of Bulgarian Verbs

(1st and 2nd Form of Verbs) ................................................................. 211

The Future Tense (KL ) - Formation; Positive,

Negative, Interrogative and Negative-Interrogative Forms ................. 212

Use of the 2nd Form of Verbs after the Modal Verbs &

(can, may, to be able to), "* (must, should, would,
have to, have got to, need to, ought to), 8$ (want) ...................... 217

Indefinite Pronouns .................................................................................... 219
Demonstrative Pronouns "%, ", "&, "8

(such; like this/these) ............................................................................ 220

Preposition 8> (throughout, in, around, about) ........................................ 220

LESSON 11
DIALOGUES. ................................................................................................... 223
GRAMMAR NOTES. ....................................................................................... 235

The Future Tense - Continuation .............................................................. 235
The Imperative Mood ................................................................................. 235

LESSON 12
DIALOGUES. ................................................................................................... 242
GRAMMAR NOTES ........................................................................................ 252

The Past Simple Tense .............................................................................. 252
The Location of the Short Accusative Form of Personal Pronouns .......... 260
The Location of the Short Accusative and Dative Forms of Personal

Pronouns Used Simultaneously ......................................................... 261

The Preposition +Y!J (&+Y!J) (between) ................................... 261

LESSON 13
DIALOGUES .................................................................................................... 264
GRAMMAR NOTES ........................................................................................ 274

The Past Simple Tense

of the verb Z - [ .................................................................... 274

The Past Simple Tense - Continuation ...................................................... 274
The Compound Predicate in the Past Simple Tense ................................ 277
Complex Sentences Containing Subordinate Object Clauses ................. 279

LESSON 14
DIALOGUES. ................................................................................................... 285
GRAMMAR NOTES ........................................................................................ 294

The Active Past Simple Participle .............................................................. 294
The Past Indefinite Tense .......................................................................... 295
The Past Perfect Tense - Meaning, Formation, Forms ............................. 299

LESSON 15
DIALOGUES. ................................................................................................... 304
GRAMMAR NOTES. ....................................................................................... 310

The Past Continuous Tense - Conjugation and Forms ............................. 310
The Verbal Adverb ..................................................................................... 312
The Passive Participle. The Passive Voice
The Present, Past and Future Tenses of Passive Constructions .............. 312

LESSON 16
DIALOGUES. ................................................................................................... 318
GRAMMAR NOTES ........................................................................................ 331

The Future in the Past ................................................................................ 331
The Conditional Mood ............................................................................... 332
The Future Perfect Tense ........................................................................... 334
The Narrative Mood / The Indirect Indicative Mood .................................. 335

TABLES

TABLE 1
A Comparison of Bulgarian and English Tenses
Juxtaposition of the Tenses - A Simple Guide ................................................ 338
TABLE 2
Verb (to be) - Present, Past, and Future Tenses - All Forms .................... 340
TABLE 3
Present Tense of the Verbs of the First, Second, and Third Groups ............... 341
TABLE 4
First and Second Forms of Some Verbs .

..................................................... 342

TABLE 5
The Past Simple Tense of the Verbs from Table 4. .......................................... 343
TABLE 6
Past Continuous Tense ................................................................................... 344
TABLE 7
Future (Simple) Tense ..................................................................................... 345
TABLE 8
Prepositions and Their Meanings ................................................................... 347
TABLE 9
Pronouns ......................................................................................................... 354
TABLE 10. ....................................................................................................... 358
/ Confirmation and Agreement
/ Disagreement
/ Requests
/ Warnings
!/ Gratitude
+/ Excuses or Apologies
Y/ Lack of Information
>/ Suppositions or Assumptions
8/ Neglect or Ignorance
'/ Hope
/ Praise
E/ When Somebody Is Waiting for Us
TABLE 11
Some Frequently Used Idiomatic Expressions in Bulgarian ......................... 362
TABLE 12
Business Contacts and Correspondence ........................................................ 363
The Customs .................................................................................................... 364
Travelling .......................................................................................................... 366
In Town ............................................................................................................. 368
At the Hotel ....................................................................................................... 369
At thePost Office. On theTelephone .................................................................. 370
At the Bank. Money ............................................................................................ 371
At the Restaurant .............................................................................................. 372
Shopping .......................................................................................................... 375
At the Doctor’s .................................................................................................. 379
At the Chemist’s ................................................................................................ 380
The Human Body .............................................................................................. 381
Family. Relatives ............................................................................................... 382
Holidays ............................................................................................................ 382
Education. Occupations .................................................................................... 383

List of Abbreviations:

English:

abt. – about
e.g. – (exempli gratia) for example
i.e. – (id est) that is

n – noun
m – masculine
f – feminine
ntr – neuter
sng – singular
pl – plural

adj – adjective

v – verb
1p – 1

person

2p – 2

person

3p – 3

person

1gr – 1

group

2gr – 2

group

3gr – 3

group

1f – 1

form

2f – 2

form

colloq. – colloquial speech
o.s. – oneself
o.’s – one’s
s.b. – somebody

s.o. – someone
s.th. – something

Bulgarian:

.. – /masculine gender
.. – /feminine gender
.. – /neuter gender
.. – /singular
.. – /plural
^.. – ^_ /the Present
Tense
K.. – KL /the Future
Tense
... – _
/the Past Simple Tense
... – _
/the Past Continuous Tense
.`.. –
` /the Past
Indefinite Tense
.`.. –
` /the Past
Perfect Tense
K... – KL
/the Future in the Past

The Bulgarian Alphabet

Pronunciation Table

Bulgarian Alphabet

Pronunciation

Examples of respective
English sounds

À à

[a]

after, past, path

Á á

[b]

bit, bright, be, bear

Â â

[v]

vogue, vivid, violin, vision

Ã ã

[g]

get, go, glory, tag

Ä ä

[d]

day, dream, destiny, devotion

Å å

[e]

set, bet, tell, let

Æ æ

[zh]

illusion, vision, division, fusion

Ç ç

[z]

zero, amazing, Zen, zip

È è

[i]

grin, inn, sit, hit

É é

[y]

boy, toy, yacht, yeoman

Ê ê

[k]

key, kid, keep, kit

Ë ë

[l]

live, light, letter, litter

Ì ì

[m]

man, miracle, make, almost

Í í

[n]

night, not, near, on

Î î

[o]

opt, top, stop, dot

Ï ï

[p]

pet, pall, please, part

Ð ð

[r] (hard)

red, rest, read, rubber

Ñ ñ

[s]

set, sit, stop, said

Ò ò

[t]

top, talk, tell, let

Ó ó

[u]

put, look, took, pudding

# }

Ô ô

[f]

fusion, fire, flame, fantasy

Õ õ

[h] (aspirate)

hope, hear, had, hut

Ö ö

[ts]

tsunami, sits, meets

× ÷

[ch]

chair, teach, charity, chat

Ø ø

[sh]

she, shall, shark, shift

@ L

Ù ù

[sht]

ashtray, fishtail, wished, washed

Ú ú

[ə]

camel, campus, letter, better

[~] (softener)

(no literal English equivalent)

Þ þ

[yu]

yurt, you, new, music

ß ÿ

[ya]

yard, yarn, Yankee

INTRODUCTION

The Bulgarian Alphabet consists of 30 letters. They represent the

sounds as shown below.

There are six vowels:

are wide (open) vowels

are narrow (closed) vowels;

and two diphthongal vowels:

= +

The remaining letters represent consonants:

are voiced consonants

are voiceless consonants;

are resonant (sonorous) consonants;

is a short ;

softens the sounds before/after which it is placed;

is an aspirate consonant;

% = + and is therefore a diphthongal consonant.

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How to read Bulgarian

How to read letters.

Each letter has own designation that is used when pronouncing either

the whole alphabet or a single letter:

(a)

(bə)

(və)

(

(gə)

(də)

(e)

)

(zhə)

(zə)

(i)

('i 'kratko)

(kə)

(lə)

;

(mə)

(nə)

(o)

(pə)

? "

(rə)

(sə)

(tə)

(u)

(fə)

Q $

(hə)

(tsə)

(chə)

(shə)

[ %

(shtə)

('er go'lyam)

('er 'malək)

(yu)

]

(ya)

How to read words. The placing of stress.

All the letters in words should be pronounced in the way they are marked

in the Pronunciation Table. Some more explanations as well as special cases
and exceptions are given below.

Bearing in mind that word stress in Bulgarian takes a different place in

each word, there are no rules for learning the placing of stress. Therefore,
each new word should be learned by itself. For the purpose of marking stress,
in this book we have adopted the sign ['] preceding the stressed syllable.

Ü Vowels:

When the wide (open) vowels , , are stressed, they should be

pronounced clearly:

[a] [o] [e]

Examples:
& [a]

['avgust]

August

[grat]

a town; a city

[mlat]

young

['kazvam]

to say

[po'darək]

a present

< [o]

['opit]

experience

['prolet]

spring

[

['ostrof]

island

[sport]

sport

[

[kri'lo]

wing

[e]

['eftin]

cheap

['bezhof]

beige

[bes]

without

[kə'de]

where

[mom'che]

boy

However, when the vowels and are unstressed, they get narrower by

reducing their length:

becomes [

]

(a medial sound of [a] and [ə])

becomes [

(a medial sound of [o] and [u]).

Examples:
& [

]

['azbuk

]

alphabet

['lamp

]

lamp

['knig

]

book

[v 'blok

]

in the block

cho'vek

]

to/of the man

< [

[

o'rel]

eagle

[

o'bufk]

shoe

o're]

sea

o'le]

field; ground

[

o'ris]

rice

The remaiining vowels should be pronounced in the way they are

marked in the Pronunciation Table.

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The alteration of to [

] is the most frequently found.

In particular, becomes [

] at the end of some words.

The other above-mentioned vowel reductions are not as pronounced.

The diphthong vowels [yu] and [ya] are each made up of two

letters/sounds:

= +
= +
However, they should be read as single sounds.

The diphthong vowel should be pronounced [yu]:

\ [yu]

[yuk]

South

['yuzhen]

southern

}

[yuf'ka]

noodles

[yu'nak]

hero

['yun

osh

]

teenager

Examples:
[ə]

[pət]

way

['əgəl]

angle; corner

[prəst]

soil

[pək]

but; yet

'kəf]

such

J [u]

[um]

mind

['uch

]

to study; to learn

[u'chitel]

teacher

[ur

'gan]

hurricane

[dru'gar]

mate; friend

[i]

[mil]

dear; kind

[ili]

['kin

cinema

[pri'yatel]

friend

[ide'aln

perfectly, ideal

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The diphthong vowel can be pronounced in two ways depending on

the position of the letter and its stress. If is stressed, it should be
pronounced [ya]:

] [ya]

['yabəlk

]

apple

['yastrep]

hawk

['yatka]

kernel

[

ob'yav

]

ad(vertisement)

['yag

]

strawberry

However, when is not stressed, in particular when placed at the end

of a given word, it should be pronounced [y

] [y]

['pravy

]

to do

['misly

]

to think

['angliy

]

England

['pey

]

to sing

Z [na u'chitely

]

to/of the teacher

The vowel alterations
to [

] and

to [y

]

are the most frequently found.
In particular, a becomes [

] and becomes [y

] at the end of some

words.
Other vowel reductions are not as pronounced.

Ü Consonants.

Voiced consonants should be pronounced in one of two ways:

When a voiced consonant is placed in any position in a given word,

except as the last letter, it should be pronounced in the usual way as a
voiced consonant.
Examples:
' [b]

['bab

]

grandmother

['byal

]

white (f)

[broy]

number; copy

[bəl'gariy

]

Bulgaria

['hubost]

beauty

[v]

[vr

'ta]

door

['vətre]

[vən]

out

['vyarv

to believe

['varn

]

Varna (a Bulgarian city)

( [g]

['garv

raven

['mnog

much; many

[ge'roy]

hero

[go'lyam]

big

['greshk

]

mistake; error

[d]

[

[dər'vo]

tree

[den]

day

[do'bər]

good

[de'te]

child

[da]

yes

) [zh]

[zhe'na]

woman

['yuzhen]

southern

[zhe'neva]

Geneva

['zhito]

wheat

[zhif]

alive

* [z]

['zebr

]

zebra

[izvi'nyav

to excuse

[zo'ra]

dawn

[iz'vesten]

well-known

[zvez'da]

star

When the last letter of the word represents a voiced consonant, the

voiced consonant devocalizes and becomes voiceless. Each devocalized
voiced consonant obtains the sound of the respective voiceless
consonant. Therefore:

[b]

becomes ` [p]

[v]

becomes } [f]

[g]

becomes [k]

[d]

becomes [t]

[zh]

becomes _ [sh]

[z]

becomes [s]

Examples:
' [p]

[hlyap]

bread

[dəp]

oak

['gələp]

pigeon

[bop]

beans

[grup]

rude

[f]

[vəf ]

['molif ]

pencil

['nik

kəf ]

none; any; no

'kəf ]

what

['hub

f ]

beautiful; pretty

( [k]

['dələk]

long

[vlok]

bank deposit

[druk]

other; another

[drak]

dear

[yuk]

South

[t]

[glat]

hunger

['obet]

lunch

[blet]

pale

[grat]

city; town

[nat]

above

) [sh]

[tara'lesh]

hedgehog

'lesh]

rainfall; snowfall

[vish]

Look!

[drəsh]

Hang it!

[ush]

as if

* [s]

[pres]

through

[vles]

come in

[iz'les]

go out

[sles]

come down

[bes]

without

The above-mentioned devocalization of voiced consonants can also be

found in another case. This is when a voiced consonant is placed in the
middle of the word and before a voiceless consonant or before the aspirate
consonant ~:

[te'tratka]

notebook

['slatk

jam; sweet(ly)

[bifsh]

['gratski]

of the town/city/urban

['drəshk

]

handle

['gletk

]

view

['ispit]

exam

[tse'lufk

]

kiss

[ko'leshk

]

colleague (f); mate (f)

['ryatk

rare(ly)

`~[L [pret'hozhd

sht] previous

['fsichko]

everything; all

Voiceless consonants should always be pronounced as indicated in the

Pronunciation Table.
Examples:
> [p]

`Z_

['pish

]

to write

['pravy

]

to do

['pesen]

song

['pamet]

memory

['pleven]

Pleven (a Bulgarian city)

K [f]

['filtər]

filter

}

[film]

film; movie

}

n'taziy

]

fantasy

o'rit]

favourite; pet

}_Z

l'shif]

false; fake

- [k]

[kray]

end

['kriy

]

to hide

['kərp

]

towel

'set

]

cassette (tape)

['isk

to want

F [t]

['tryabv

]

must, to have to

[tər'py

]

to bear

[tər'penie]

patience

['tikv

]

pumpkin

ole'rantn

ost]

tolerance

X [sh]

[she'ga]

joke

`Z_

['pish

]

to write

[shans]

chance

[shef]

boss; a chief

[sh

ot'landiy

]

Scotland

@ [s]

[sto'y

]

to stay

['stay

]

room

['istin

]

truth

['istinski]

true, real

$[}

['sofiy

]

Sofia

The resonant (sonorous) consonants , , , should always be prono-

unced as indicated in the Pronunciation Table. However, they must be arti-
culated clearly, especially the letter [r], much stronger than the English [r].

Examples:
/ [l]

['lamp

]

lamp

[

['lotk

]

boat

['lilaf]

lilac

[lyu'bof]

love

[let]

ice

; [m]

['mam

]

Mum

['mnog

much, many

['malk

a few; a little, small

[miriz'ma]

smell

['mlyak

milk

! [n]

['nyak

oy]

somebody

['nyakəde]

somewhere

['nik

oy]

nobody

[ne]

not

'dezhd

]

hope

? " [r]

[

['roz

]

rose

['rib

]

fish

[pret]

before; in front

[pri]

[pri'yatel]

friend

The pronunciation of the short sound as represented by the letter is [y].

The letter is never used alone. It is either combined with as the syllable
[yo] at the beginning of a word; or with any other vowel positioned anywhere
else in the word.
Examples:
, [y]

[nay]

most

[moy]

[yot]

iodine

['yonk

Yonko (a man’s name)

[stoy]

stay

The letter is not used alone either. This letter softens the sounds befo-

re/after which it is placed. is almost always used in the combination ,
pronounced [~o]=[yo].

Examples:
# [~]

[

k'tyor]

actor

}[

'zyor]

dreamer

['siny

blue

['vany

Vanyo (a man’s name)

_}[

[sh

o'fyor]

driver

There is no difference in the pronunciation of the sound combinations

[yo] and [~o] = [yo]. The only difference is written. ' is used at the
beginning of a word or after a vowel, in contrast to , that is used exclusively
after a consonant.

The letter $ represents the aspirate consonant [h]. This consonant should

be pronounced clearly, like

“-ch” in “loch”.

Examples:
Q $ [h]

['haide]

Come on!

['hvaly

]

to praise

['hor

]

people

~ [hristi'yanin]

Christian (m)

[hrast]

bush

The letter % [sht] comprises two separate consonants: [sh] and [t]

linked as single sound.

Examples:
[ % [sht]

[shtu'rets]

cricket

['shtuk

]

pike

['shtastie]

happiness

['shtamp

]

[shtap]

staff; headquarters

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These are the main rules on reading Bulgarian. For ease of use we
shall simplify some of them, as you will see in the pronunciation
examples that follow.

The letter [ts] should be pronounced as a single sound.

Examples:
V [ts]

[tsar]

tsar; king

['tsig

nin]

gypsy (m)

[tsirk]

circus

[tsyal]

whole

['tsərkv

]

church

The letter [ch] should also be pronounced as a single sound.

Examples:
W [ch]

[che'ta]

to read

[

[chis'lo]

number

['chetiri]

four

['chisty

]

to clean

['chud

wonder

There also are two sounds, and that although not included in the

alphabet, should be pronounced as a single sound.

Examples:
[dzh]

[dzhop]

pocket

[dzhas]

jazz

[dzhin]

gin

['dzhentəlmen] gentleman
`

[dzhip]

jeep

[dz]

[dzen]

Zen

[dzən]

“ting”

How to read phrases, sentences and a whole text.

When reading phrases, care should be taken with voiced consonants

located alongside voiceless ones - in this case, voiceless consonants are
shortened:

[fte'tratkata]

in the notebook

! `

[natpo'leto]

over the field

Care should be taken with the opposite case. Voiceless consonants are

lengthened when located next to a voiced one (especially if the voiceless
consonant precedes the voiced one):

[səzzelen'chutsi]

with vegetables

['zbaba]

with grandmother

Any other letter should be pronounced as printed/written.

Learn to read Bulgarian correctly. Some examples.

I am (an) English(man).

Àç ñúì àíãëè÷àíèí.

" K^ ?
[ti 'bəlgarin li si?]

Are you Bulgarian?

Òè áúëãàðèí ëè ñè?

^.
[as səm angli'chanin.]

K^ ^.
[az 'ucha 'bəlgarski v bəl'garia.]

I am learning Bulgarian in Bulgaria.
K^ ^.

^ Z
[^ .
['bəlgarskiyat e'zik
e 'mnogo 'truden za men.]

Bulgarian
is very difficult for me.

Áúëãàðñêèÿò åçèê

å ìíîãî òðóäåí çà ìåí.

[ .
['moyat məzh e le'tets.]

My husband is a pilot.

Ìîÿò ìúæ å ëåòåö.

[ .
['moyata zhe'na e 'lekar.]

My wife is a doctor.

Ìîÿòà æåíà å ëåêàð.

Y $[}.
[zhi'veem f 'sofiya.]

8 ^ L `Z.
['imame go'lyama 'k

shta

f pro'vintziyata.]

We have a big house in the country.

Èìàìå ãîëÿìà êúùà

â ïðîâèíöèÿòà.

We live in Sofia.

Æèâååì â Ñîôèÿ.

`
KZ ^.
[aparta'ment

t ni e

'blizo do 'garata.]

Our apartment
is near the station.

Àïàðòàìåíòúò íè å

áëèçî äî ãàðàòà.

$ .
[se'stra mu e o'm

zhena.]

His sister is married.

Ñåñòðà ìó å îìúæåíà.

^ Z .
[bəl

gariya e kra

siva stra

na.]

Bulgaria is a beautiful country.

Áúëãàðèÿ å êðàñèâà ñòðàíà.

Y[ ~.
[zhi

votət tuk mi ha

resva.]

I like living here.

Æèâîòúò òóê ìè õàðåñâà

- Z ^[?
- [ K ^Z.
.
Z?
- > Z
Z Z. = Z ^[
.

[- ka

kəv e

zik go

vorite?

- go

vorya do

bre an

gliyski

v mo

menta

ucha itali

anski a

vie

- za səzha

lenie az ne znam

nito

din chuzhd e

zik, no

imam

romno zhe

lanie da na

ucha

nemski.]

- Which language do you speak?
- I speak English well.
At the moment I am learning Italian.
What about you?
- Unfortunately I do not know
any foreign languages. But I have
a great desire to learn German.

- Êàêúâ åçèê ãîâîðèòå?

- Ãîâîðÿ äîáðå àíãëèéñêè.

Â ìîìåíòà ó÷à èòàëèàíñêè.

À âèå?

- Çà ñúæàëåíèå àç íå çíàì

íèòî åäèí ÷óæä åçèê.

Íî èìàì îãðîìíî æåëàíèå

äà íàó÷à íåìñêè.

- 8 ~ KZ?
- Z ~ Z
.

ima li ho

tel na

blizo?

- '

fsichki ho

teli se na

mirat

tsentəra]

- Is there a hotel near here?
- All the hotels are to be found
in the city centre.

- Èìà ëè õîòåë íàáëèçî?

- Âñè÷êè õîòåëè ñå íàìèðàò

â öåíòúðà.

- " ^ ?
- =, Z.
- ?
- =_.

[- tya angli

chanka li e?

- ne tya e rus

kinya.

- kak se

kazva?

kazva se na

tasha.]

- Is she English?
- No, she is Russian.
- What is her name?
- Her name is Natasha.

- Òÿ àíãëè÷àíêà ëè å?

- Íå, òÿ å ðóñêèíÿ.

- Êàê ñå êàçâà?

- Êàçâà ñå Íàòàøà.

- >, .
- >, "!
- ?
- ^. !K . ?
- [-[.

[- zdra

vey

yuliya

- zdra

vey

tanya

- kak si
- blagoda

rya. do

bre səm .a ti?

- '

gore

dolu.]

- Hello, Julia.
- Hello, Tanya!
- How are you?
- I am fine, thank you. And you?
- So-so.

- Çäðàâeé, Þëèÿ.

-Çäðàâåé, Òàíÿ!

- Êàê ñè?

- Áëàãîäàðÿ. Äîáðå ñúì. À òè?

- Ãîðå-äîëó.

- [ K[_?
- Z.
K[ [ `.

[- kak

vo ra

botish?

- as səm zhurna

list. ra

botya za

no spi

sanie]

- What is your job?
- I am a journalist.
I work for a magazine.

- Êàêâî ðàáîòèø?

- Àç ñúì æóðíàëèñò. Ðàáîòÿ

çà åäíî ñïèñàíèå.

- ![K , ^`!
- ![K , ^`Z!
- .
8 .
8 ^[ L.
- >`, ^`Z .
J` .
Y L `Z -
}, , ?
- ^ . E },
KZ.

dobər den.

- Pri

yatno mi e.

kazvam se i'van

'kunchev. 'imam ugo'vorena 'sreshta.
- zapo

vyadayte, gospo

din 'kunchev.

gospo

din up

ravitelyat vi o

chakva.

zhe

laete li

neshto za

piene -

fe, chay, mine

ralna vo

da?

- blagoda

rya vi. ed

no ka

fe,

ako o

bichate.]

- Good morning, Madam!
- Good morning, Sir!
- Nice to meet you.
My name is Ivan Kounchev.
I have an appointment.
- Do come in, r Kounchev.
The manager is waiting for you.
Would you like something to drink -
coffee, tea, mineral water?
- Thank you. Coffee, please.

- Äoáúð äåí!

- Ïðèÿòíî ìè å. Êaçâàì ñå Èâàí

Êóí÷åâ. Èìàì óãîâîðåíà ñðåùà.

- Çàïîâÿäàéòå, ã-í Êóí÷åâ.

Ãîñïîäèí óïðàâèòåëÿò âè î÷àêâà.

Æåëàåòå ëè íåùî çà ïèåíå -

êàôå, ÷àé, ìèíåðàëíà âîäà?

- Áëàãîäàðÿ âè. Eäíî êàôå,

àêî îáè÷àòå.

- ![K , !
- ![K , L.
& K_?
- "-L `Z^~ ^.
$ L L.
- [^ . @ .
L `.
- .
! [!

dobər

vecher,

mamo.

- '

dobər

vecher

dəshte. otky

de se

bazhdash?

- to

ku shto pri

stignah ot

angliya.

slet chas səm f

kyshti.

mnogo se

radvam. shte te

chakam. ba

shta ti te pozdra

vyava.

- tse

luvam vi i

dvamata. do

skoro.]

- Good evening, mum!
- Good evening, daughter.
Where are you phoning from?
- I have just arrived from England.
I will be home in an hour.
- I am so glad. I will be waiting for
you. Your father says hello (to you).
- Kisses to you both.
See you soon!

- Äîáúð âe÷åð, ìàìî!

- Äîáúð âe÷åð, äúùå. Îòêúäå ñå

îáàæäàø?

- Òîêó-ùî ïðèñòèãíàõ îò

Àíãëèÿ. Ñëåä ÷àñ ùå ñúì âêúùè.

- Ìíîãî ñå ðàäâàì. Ùå òå

÷àêàì. Áàùà òè òå ïîçäðàâÿâà.

- Öåëóâàì âè è äâàìàòà. Äî ñêîðî!

NOTA BENE

In Bulgarian, there are two styles of fonts. Note that small letters like ,

, , , , , sometimes confuse English speaking people because of
their similarity with Latin letters.

" #

# }

$ %

' (

) *

_ =

+ ,

@ L =

- .

/ 0

2 3

4 5

- !K[ , =!
_ ?
- ! `-K
.
- $Z^ , L
` .
- = Z_ `.

[- dobr

utro

nadya! kak se

chustvash dnes?

- dnes se

chustvam po-do

bre ot

fchera

- siguren səm che utre shte si

pylno ozdra

vyala.

- na

dyavam se da

imash

pravo]

- Good morning, Nadya! How are
you feeling today?
- Today I feel better than yesterday.

- I am sure that by tomorrow you
will be fully recovered.
- I hope you are right.

- Äîáðî óòðî, Íàäÿ! Êàê ñå

÷óâñòâàø äíåñ?

- Äíåñ ñå ÷óâñòâàì ïî-äîáðå îò

â÷åðà.

- Ñèãóðåí ñúì, ÷å óòðå ùå ñè

íàïúëíî îçäðàâÿëà.

- Íàäÿâàì ñå äà èìàø ïðàâî.

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