CLASSICS

School of History, Classics and Archaeology

The City of Rome

(U02174)

Semester 1, 2010-2011

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GENERAL COURSE INFORMATION

The course organiser is Dr Kathryn Lomas.
Office (until 29

th

October): 5.16, DHT

E-mail:

[e-mail]

The easiest way to contact me (to make an appointment or with a brief query) is by email. I
work part-time: I am only in the department on Mondays and Tuesdays, although I am in
email contact during the rest of the week.

Other helpful contacts are the Classics secretaries, Elaine Hutchison (DHT 5.01, afternoons
only) and Jill Shaw (DHT 5.02, mornings only).

NB for general information relating to courses taught by Classics (including information
regarding grade boundaries and plagiarism), you should refer to the Honours Handbook. If
you do not already have one, it can be downloaded from the Classics website.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION of COURSE
During the imperial period the city of Rome was the largest and most important city in the
world and its history and legacy have fascinated scholars and tourists alike for centuries.
This course on the city of Rome takes in a range of approaches, themes and periods. It looks
at the ancient city from different angles, for instance as a lived-in space, as a political space,
as a site of spectacle, as the emperor’s city. While focusing on a single but crucial city you
will be introduced to many of the key areas of debate in ancient history, such as the nature
of the ancient city itself and the process of its transformation during Late Antiquity. In the
course of the semester we shall focus mainly on the period from Augustus to the Sack of
Rome. We shall also consider the stories the Romans themselves told about the origins of the
city and we shall finish by looking at later receptions of the ancient city, from the
Renaissance through to the Romantics.

LEARNING OUTCOMES
After successful completion of this course, the student will be able to demonstrate in written
exam and coursework as well as in class discussion:

• Knowledge of the history and topography of the ancient city of Rome.
• Some knowledge of key themes and debates in the history of the city of Rome.
• Awareness of the diverse aspects of life in the ancient city.
• Ability to use critically a range of different types of material, including plans and

archaeological sources as well as texts.

• Bibliographical research skills to enable students to find independently information on

particular areas of the city of Rome and the history of its study.

TEACHING ARRANGEMENTS
TIME: The class hours are Monday and Tuesdays, from 5.10 – 6.00 pm
PLACE:

Room G.02 William Robertson Building

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ASSESSMENT
This course will be assessed by a combination of prescribed coursework, which will count
for 40% of the final mark, and a two-hour examination (taken at the end of the academic
session in which the course is taught), which will count for the remaining 60%.

PARTICIPATION and CONTACT
The course consists of a mixture of lectures and seminars. From Week 3 onwards the
Monday session will be a seminar and the Tuesday meeting will be a lecture.

It is important that all members of the class attend all meetings and do the necessary
preparation – especially for seminars as absence or lack of preparation will also affect your
fellow students! Persistent absence (without sufficient justification) or persistent lack of
preparation will be reported to the student’s Director of Studies. Information about the
course can be found in two locations:

1) Online: on the course website: http://teaching.shc.ed.ac.uk/classics/rome_city/index.html
2) On the Ancient History notice board (DHT Floor 5).

Check both regularly regularly: failure to see a notice will not count as an excuse.

Messages about the course may also be circulated to students by e-mail. It is now a
University requirement that students must respond to e-mails sent to their University e-mail
address, and it will be assumed that every member of the class can be contacted at this
address ([e-mail]) and checks incoming mail regularly.

Feedback from students is always welcome. You may either contact the course organiser
personally or speak to the Class Representative, whose name and contact details will be
posted on the notice board. At the end of the course, you will be asked for your anonymous
comments on a course assessment questionnaire.

MORE ABOUT SEMINARS
You will be divided into five small groups for the seminars (a mixture of third and fourth
years and visiting students). Each week it will be the turn of a different student to lead your
group’s session. Groups and leaders will be posted on the course notice-board and on the
course website. In order for this to work successfully the group leader will need to prepare
properly for this session:

Seminar group leaders should meet with me in DHT 5.16 on Tuesdays on the week before
you are ‘leading’ your seminar (ie we meet on Tuesday to discuss the seminar for the
following Monday) at 1.15pm in order to discuss any queries/problems/ideas you might
have.

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TIMETABLE OF LECTURES AND SEMINARS

Week 1: Introduction
20/9/10 Introduction (LECTURE)
21/9/10 NO CLASS

Week 2: Economy, society, organisation
27/9/10 Myth, Topography, History (LECTURE)
28/9/10 Defining the Ancient City (LECTURE)

Week 3: Building the City
4/10/10 Urban Organisation (LECTURE)
5/10/10 Housing in Rome (LECTURE)

Week 4: Living in the City: Perspectives
11/10/10 Roman architecture on coins (SEMINAR 1)
12/10/08 Discrepant Experience, Different Perceptions (LECTURE)

Week 5: Political Topography
18/10/10 Satire and the ancient city (SEMINAR 2)
19/10/10 Political Space in the City of Rome (LECTURE)

Week 6: City of the Emperor
25/10/10 Carry on in the Forum Romanum (SEMINAR 3)
26/10/10 Rome, the Emperor’s city (LECTURE)

Week 7: City of Spectacle
1/11/10 Domitian’s Rome (SEMINAR 4)
2/11/10 The Spectacular City (LECTURE)

Week 8: The City as Sacred Space
8/11/10 The Triumph (SEMINAR 5)
9/11/10 Religion in the City (LECTURE)

Week 9: Death and the City
15/11/10 The Jews of Rome (SEMINAR 6)
16/11/10 Death and burial at Rome (LECTURE)

Week 10: Transformation of the City: Late Antiquity
22/11/10 Imperial Funerals (SEMINAR 7)
23/11/10 Rome in Late Antiquity (LECTURE)

Week 11: Retrospects
29/11/10 Christianising the City (SEMINAR 8)
30/11/10 The Myth of Rome (LECTURE)

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ASSESSMENT

COURSEWORK
The assessed coursework for this module, which accounts for 40% of your overall mark,
consists of one essay, of approximately 3,000 words in length, which must be submitted for
the course, to be handed in by 12 noon on Friday 19

th

November. This must be handed in at

Undergraduate Reception (room G.08) in the Medical Building.

Your essay should be word-processed and complete with footnotes and bibliography,
according to the conventions set out in the ‘Essay Guidelines’, to be downloaded from

http://www.shca.ed.ac.uk/classics/undergraduate/index.htm

See the Honours Handbook for

the draconian penalties set by the University for late submission of coursework as well as for
grade descriptions and other information. If you have any questions on your chosen topic,
or need any further advice, please do not hesitate to ask. Please do not leave this till the last
minute…

Essay Questions

1. How did burial customs in Rome change over time? What can these tell us about changes

taking place in Roman society?

2. How far can we reconstruct the lives and experiences of the non-elite in Rome, and what

kinds of evidence can we use?

3. How did imperial building projects represent the power of the emperor in the city of

Rome? How effective were they?

4. How far can we understand the ancient city of Rome by reference to texts alone?

5. What evidence do we have for housing in the city of Rome? What can this tell us about

families and households in the city?

6. “For Romans, places were especially significant as repositories for memory, both personal

and national.” (Edwards) How far is this true of temples in the late Republic and Empire?

7. How far, and in what ways, did the adoption of Christianity in the Fourth Century AD

affect the development of Rome?


DEGREE EXAMINATION
The exam paper will contain two sections, each worth 50% of the total marks available.

Section A is a ‘gobbet’ section in which you will be asked to comment on three from a range
of different textual passages, plans and images relating to the history and topography of

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Rome. These passages/images will be chosen from material covered in class handouts and/or
contained on the course website (under ‘images and plans’).

In Section B you will be asked to answer one essay question. You can (and are strongly
advised to) consult the previous exam papers on the course website.

BIBLIOGRAPHIES AND ASSIGNED READINGS

WEEKLY BACKGROUND READING ASSIGNMENTS
This is the preparatory reading which enables you to get the most out of each lecture. This
does not include the additional material set for each week’s seminar – which is given on the
course website.

This preparatory reading comes from the two essential coursebooks, both available at
Blackwells on South Bridge:

1) Claridge, A. (1998) Rome: An Archaeological Guide. Oxford
2) Coulston, J. and Dodge, H., eds (2000) Ancient Rome: the Archaeology of the Eternal City.

Oxford. [NB despite its title the focus of this book is by no means narrowly
archaeological!]

Week 1: Introduction
• Read Ch.1 of Coulston and Dodge, Ancient Rome: The Archaeology of the Eternal City (plus,

chapters 2 and 3 if you are feeling enthusiastic)

• Look up the following topics

1) the story of Romulus and Remus
2) the origins of the Parilia
3) the origins of the Lupercalia

Week 2: Economy, Society, Organisation
• Read Chs. 5, 7 & 8 of Coulston and Dodge, Ancient Rome: The Archaeology of the Eternal

City

Week 3: Building the City
• Read Chs 6 and. 10 of Coulston and Dodge, Ancient Rome: The Archaeology of the Eternal

City

• Look up in Claridge: Houses of Livia and Augustus, Domitian’s Palace, Capitoline

Insula, Nero’s Golden House, Villa and Circus of Maxentius

Week 4: Living in the city: Perspectives
• There is no set preparatory reading for this week other than that assigned for the

seminar.

Week 5: The Political Topography of Rome
• Read J. R. Patterson ‘Review Article: The City of Rome: From Republic to Empire’,

Journal of Roman Studies 82 (1992): 186-215 (J-STOR)

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• Skim-read the sections on ‘The Roman Forum’ and ‘The Upper Via Sacra’ in Claridge,

Rome

Week 6: Rome the Emperor’s City
• Read Ch. 4 of Coulston and Dodge, Ancient Rome: The Archaeology of the Eternal City
• Skim-read the sections on ‘Imperial Forums’ and look up Augustan monuments in

Claridge

Week 7: City of Spectacle
• Read Ch. 9 of Coulston and Dodge, Ancient Rome: The Archaeology of the Eternal City
• Look up in Claridge: Colosseum, Ludus Magnus, Stadim of Domitian, Theatre and

Porticus of Balbus, Theatre of Marcellus, Circus Maximus

Week 8: Religion in the City
• Read Ch. 11 of Coulston and Dodge, Ancient Rome: The Archaeology of the Eternal City
• Look up in Claridge: S. Clemente, mithraea

Week 9: Death and the City
• Re-read Ch. 9 of Coulston and Dodge, Ancient Rome: The Archaeology of the Eternal City
• Look up in Claridge: Tomb of the Scipios, Via Appia Antica, Tomb of Caecilia Metella,

Pyramid of Cestius, Catacombs of St. Callistus and St. Sebastian

Week 10: Transformation of the City: Rome in Late Antiquity
• Read Ch. 12 of Coulston and Dodge, Ancient Rome: The Archaeology of the Eternal City
• Look up in Claridge: SS. Giovanni e Paolo

Week 11: Retrospects
• There is no set reading as such, but you may like to look at one of the items in the

general bibliography, under this heading.

GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY
This is an area of scholarship with a vast amount of bibliography: but do not panic! For all
monuments and sites, use of the various topographical dictionaries is expected but be
careful here: Platner and Ashby may be easy to access as it is online but it dates from 1929
and scholarship has moved on an awful lot since then!

General:
Balsdon, J.P.V.D.(1969) Life and Leisure in Ancient Rome. London [NB: this does not focus
uniquely on the city of Rome]
Barton, I.M., ed. (1989) Roman Public Buildings. Exeter
Edwards, C. (2003) Writing Rome: Textual Approaches to the City. Cambridge
Edwards, C. and Woolf, G. (2002) Rome the Cosmopolis. Cambridge
Patterson, J. R. (1992) ‘Review Article: The City of Rome: From Republic to Empire’, Journal
of Roman Studies 82: 186-215
Purcell, N. (1992) ‘The city of Rome’, in R. Jenkyns (ed.), The Legacy of Rome (Oxford): 421-453

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Purcell. N. (1996) ‘Rome and its development under Augustus and his successors’,
Cambridge Ancient History 10 (2

nd

edition), Cambridge: 782-811.

Sear, F.B. (1982) F. Roman Architecture. London
Stambaugh, J.E. (1988) The Ancient Roman City. London (not uniquely on the city of Rome)

Ancient Texts
Some literary texts to get you started (see too bibliography by topic)
Catullus, 55
Horace, Satires 1.9
Juvenal, Satires 3
Livy, 5.51-4
Martial, Epigrams 1.70; 1.108; 1.117; 2.14
Ovid, Ars Amatoria 1.41-262; 3.381-402; 3.631-50

Tristia 2.2777-316; 1.1; 3.1
Letters from Pontus 4.5

Strabo, Geography 5.3.7-8
Vergil, Aeneid 6.1-369, esp. 306ff

Translations of lots of these texts can be found at

http://www.perseus.tufts.edu

Other

primary sources will be made available in handouts and readings for the

course.

See also: Shelton, J. (1988) As the Romans Did: A Sourcebook in Roman Social History. Oxford

Literary Perspectives
Braund, S. (ed.) (1989) Satire and Society in Ancient Rome. Exeter.
Braund, S. (1992) Roman Verse Satire. Oxford
Edwards, C. (2003) Writing Rome: Textual Approaches to the City. Cambridge
Green, S. (2004) ‘Playing with marble: the monuments of the Caesars in Ovid’s Fasti’,
Classical Quarterly 224-239.
Gowers, E. (1994) ‘The Anatomy of Rome: From Cloaca to Capitol’, JRS 8: 23-32.
Prior, R. (1996) ‘Going Around Hungry: Topography and Politics in Martial 2.14’, American
Journal of Philology 117: 121-141

Topography: Essential Reference Tools!
Nash, E. (1968) A Pictorial Dictionary of Ancient Rome. London [in reserve cupboard too]
Platner, S. and Ashby, T. (1929) A Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome. London (note
date!) NB You can find lots of Platner & Ashby online at

http://peneople.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/home.html

but beware that this work has

been massively superseded by subsequent archaeological work therefore you MUST NOT
rely solely on this material for your knowledge
Richardson, L. (1992) A new topographical dictionary of ancient Rome. London [in the Classics
Library too]
Steinby, E.M. (1993-9) Corpus Topographicum Urbis Romae. 5 vols. Rome [this is the bible
where serious scholarship is concerned: while much of it is in Italian, not all is: e.g. the
crucial entry on the Forum Romanum in English, by Nicholas Purcell] [reference section of
Main Library]

And, for the Suburbium (e.g. for looking at tombs, catacombs and churches):

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La Regina, A., et al. (2001-) Lexicon topographicum urbis Romae. Suburbium. 4 volumes.

BIBLIOGRAPHY ARRANGED BY TOPIC

Cities, Urbanism, Urban Theory
Harvey, J. (1989) The Urban Experience. Oxford
Raban, J. (1974) Soft City. London
Soja, E. (1989) Postmodern Geographies: The Reassertion of Space in Critical Social Theory. London
Whittaker, C.R. (1995) ‘Do theories of the ancient city matter?’, in T.J. Cornell and K. Lomas
(eds) Urban Society in Roman Italy (London): 2-26

Mythology and Topography
Beard, M. (1987) ‘A complex of times: no more sheep on Romulus’ birthday’, Proceedings of
the Cambridge Philological Society 213, n.33 (1987) 1-15
Cornell, T. J. (1995) The Beginnings of Rome. London
Derow, P.S. (1973) ‘The Roman Calendar’, Phoenix 27: 345-56
Holloway, R.R. (1994) The Archaeology of Early Rome and Latium. London
Michaels, A.K. (1953) ‘The topography and interpretation of the Lupercalia’, Transactions of
the American Philological Society 213: 1-15
Wallace-Hadrill, A. (1987) ‘Time for Augustus’, in M.Whitby, (ed.) Homo Viator: Classical
Essays for John Bramble, Bristol: 221-30
Wallace-Hadrill, A. (2008) Rome’s Cultural Revolution (esp. chapter 2, ‘Knowing the city: 258-
312)

Economy, Society and Environment
Martial, Epigrams 1. 108, 1.117; 3.14; 3.38; 4.5; 4.8; 5.20; 5.22; 12.18, 57
Africa, T.W. (1971) ‘Urban Violence in Imperial Rome’, Journal of Interdisciplinary History 2: 3-
21.
Brunt, P. (1966) ‘The Roman Mob’, Past and Present 35: 3-27
Champlin, E. (1982), ‘The suburbium of Rome’ in American Journal of Ancient History 7; pp.
97-117.
Hodge, A. T. (1992) Roman Aqueducts and Water Supply. London
Garnsey, P. (1988) Famine and Food Supply in the Graeco Roman-World. Cambridge.
Garnsey, P. (1998) "Mass diet and nutrition in the city of Rome" in his Cities, Peasants and
Food in Classical Antiquity (ed. W. Scheidel) ch. 14
Hope, V., and Marshall, E. (eds) (2000) Death and Disease in the Ancient City. London.
Laurence, R. (1997) ‘Writing the Roman Metropolis’, in H. Parkins (ed.), Roman Urbanism:
Beyond the Consumer City. London
MacMullen, R. (1974) Roman Social Relations, 50BC to AD 284. New Haven
Nippel, W. (1984 ‘Policing Rome’, Journal of Roman Studies 74: 20-29
Nippel, W. (1995) Public Order in Ancient Rome, Cambridge
Noy, D. (2000) Foreigners at Rome. Citizens and Strangers. London.
Morley, N. (1996) Metropolis and Hinterland: The city of Rome and the Italian economy c. 200 BC-
AD 200. Cambridge (Esp. Ch. 2)
Parkins, H. (1996) Roman Urbanism: Beyond the Consumer City. London
Patterson, J. (2000) ‘On the margins of the city of Rome’, in V. Hope and E. Marshall (eds),
Death and Disease in the Ancient City (London): 85-103.

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Purcell, N. (1994) ‘The city of Rome and the plebs urbana in the Late Republic’, Cambridge
Ancient History (Second Edition) Vol. 9: 644-88.
Purcell, H. (1999) ‘The populace of Rome in Late Antiquity: problems of classification and
historical description’, in W.G. Harris (ed.) ‘The Transformation of Urbs Roma in Late Antiquity
(Portsmouth, R.I.): 135-62.
Robinson, O.F. (1992) Ancient Rome: City Planning and Administration. London
Scobie, A. (1968) ‘Slums, sanitation and mortality in the Roman world’, Klio 68: 399-433
G. R. Storey (1997) ‘The population of ancient Rome’, Antiquity 71.274: 966-78
Whittaker, C. R. (1993) ‘The Poor’, in A. Giardina (ed) The Romans, London.
Todd, M. (1978) The Walls of Rome. London.
Yavetz, Z. (1958) ‘The living conditions of the urban plebs in Republican Rome’, Latomus 17:
500-517

Housing and Architecture in the City of Rome
Pliny, Letters 2.17 (note this is his villa outside Rome!); 6.19;
Statius, Silvae 4.2 (Domitian’s palace)
Martial, Epigrams 8.36 (Domitian’s palace)
Ball, L. F. (2003) The Domus Aurea and the Roman architectural revolution. Cambridge
Barton, I. M. (1996) Roman Domestic Buildings. Exeter. (Chapters 4-5)
Colli, D. (1996) ‘Il Palazzo Sesssoriano nell’area archeologica di S. Croce in Gerusalemme:
ultima sede imperiale a Roma?’ Mélanges de l’École française à Rome (MEFRA) 108: 771-815.
Edwards, C. (1993) The Politics of Immorality (Cambridge) Ch. 4.
Elsner, J. (1994) ‘Constructing decadence: the representation of Nero as imperial builder’, in
J. Elsner and J. Masters, Reflections of Nero (London), 112-27.
Frier, B.W. (1977) ‘The rental market in early imperial Rome’, Journal of Roman Studies 67: 27-
37
McKay, A.G. (1975) Houses, Villas and Palaces in the Roman World. London
Purcell, N. (1995) ‘The Roman villa and the landscape of production’, in T. Cornell and K.
Lomas, Urban Society in Roman Italy (London), 151-180
Packer, J. (1967) ‘Housing and Population in Imperial Ostia and Rome’, JRS 57: 80-97.
Royo, M. (1999) Domus imperatoriae: topographie, formation et imaginaire des palais impériaux du
Palatin, IIe siècle av. J.-C., Ier siècle ap. J.-C. Rome.
Wiseman, T.P. (1987) ‘Josephus on the Palatine’, in Wiseman, Roman Studies: literary and
historical (Liverpool): 167-75
Wiseman, T.P. (1994) ‘ Conspicui postes tectaque digna deo: the public images of aristocratic and
imperial houses in the late Republic and early Empire’, in Historiography and the Imagination,
Exeter: 98-115.
See too the bibliography for Seminar 1 on architecture as depicted on coinage

The Forum Romanum
Ammerman, C. (1990) ‘On the origins of the Forum Romanum’, AJA 94: 627-45.
Ammerman, J.A. (1996) ‘The Comitium in Rome from the Beginning’, AJA100 (1996): 121-36
Carettoni, G. (1960), ‘Excavations and Discoveries in the Forum Romanum and on the
Palatine during the Past Fifty Years’, JRS 50: 197-203
Patterson, J. R. (1992) ‘Review Article: The City of Rome: From Republic to Empire’, Journal
of Roman Studies 82: 186-215.
Patterson, J. (2000) Political Life in the City of Rome. London

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N. Purcell (1989), ‘Rediscovering the Roman forum’, in Journal of Roman Archaeology 2, 156-
166.
Purcell, N. (1995) ‘Forum Romanum’, in M. Steinby (ed.) Lexicon Topographicum Urbis Romae
II *
Strong, D. (1968) ‘The administration of public building in Rome during the late republic
and early empire’, Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies 15: 97-109
Wiseman, T.P. (1990) ‘The central area of the Roman forum’, JRA 3: 245-6.

Rome, the Emperor’s City: Imperial Fora, Imperial Monuments and Imperial
Representation
Anderson, J.C. (1982) ‘Domitian, the Argiletum and the Temple of Peace’, American Journal of
Archaeology 86: 102-10
Anderson, J.C. (1984) The historical topography of the imperial fora. Brussels.
Boatwright, M.T. (1987) Hadrian and the City of Rome. Princeton, N.J.
Brilliant, R. (1998) ‘Arcus: Septimius Severus (Forum)’, in Lexicum Topographicum Urbis
Romae, ed. E.M. Steinby (Rome):1:103-5
Clarke, J. R. (2003) Art in the Lives of Ordinary Romans: Visual Representation and Non- Elite
Viewers in Italy, 100 BC- AD 315. London. (Chs 1 and 2 on imperial monuments)
Davis, P. (1997) ‘The Politics of Perpetuation: Trajan’s Column and the Art of
Commemoration’, American Journal of Archaeology 10: 41-65
Favro, D. (1993) ‘Reading the Augustan City’, in P.J. Holliday (ed) Narrative and Event in
Ancient Art, Cambridge: 230-257
Favro, D. (1996) The Urban Image of Augustan Rome. Cambridge
Galinsky, K. (1996) Augustan Culture: An Interpretive Introduction. Princeton
L. Haselberger (2000), 'Imaging Augustan Rome', Journal of Roman Archaeology 13, 515-28.
L. Haselberger (2002), Mapping Augustan Rome (Journal of Roman Archaeology suppl. no. 50),
Portsmouth, R.I.
Heslin, P. (2007) ‘Augustus, Domitian and the So-Called Horologium Augusti’, JRS 97:1-20.
Luce, T.J. (1990) "Livy, Augustus and the Forum Augustum" in K. Raaflaub & M. Toher
(ed.), Between Republic and Empire: Interpretations of Augustus and his Principate (London): Ch.
6 (pp. 123-138).
Packer, J. E. (1997) ‘Report from Rome: The Imperial Fora: a retrospective’, American Journal
of Archaeology 101: 307-330
Packer, J. E. (1993) "Forum Traiani" in Lexicon Topographicum Urbis Romae II 348-56
Packer, J.E. (2001) The Forum of Trajan in Rome: A study of the monuments in brief. London
Peirce, P. (1989) ‘The Arch of Constantine: Propaganda and Ideology in Late Roman Art’,
Art History 12: 387-418.
Purcell, N. (1996) 'Rome and its development under Augustus and his successors' in The
Cambridge Ancient History 10, 782-811. Cambridge.
Raaflaub, K. and Packer, M., eds (1990) Between Republic and Empire: Interpretations of
Augustus and his Principate. Berkeley, esp. 276-96.
Sumi, G. S (2005) Ceremony and power: performing politics in Rome between Republic and Empire.
Ann Arbor.
Urlich, R.B. (1993) ‘Julius Caesar and the creation of the Forum Iulium’, American Journal of
Archaeology 97: 49-80.
Wallace-Hadrill, A. (1989) ‘Rome’s Cultural Revolution (Survey article)’, Journal of Roman
Studies 79: 157-64

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Wallace-Hadrill, A. (1993) Augustan Rome. London
Wilson Jones, M. (2000) ‘Genesis and Mimesis: The Design of the Arch of Constantine in
Rome’, Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 59: 65-70.
Zanker, P. (1988) The Power of Images in the Age of Augustus. Ann Arbor

Spectacle, Leisure and Entertainment
Martial, Epigrams 10.20; 11.47; De Spectaculis 1-3; Epigrams 8.36, 65
Pliny on (upper class!) leisure in Rome: Letters 1.9; 1.10; 2.6; 3.5; 3.12; 5.3; 5.12; 5.17; 5.19; 6.17;
6.21; 7.24; 9.6; 9.17.
Statius, Silvae 1.5, 1.6
Beachman, R. (1999) Spectacle Entertainments of Early Imperial Rome. London
Beard, M. (2003) ‘The triumph of the absurd: Roman street theatre’, in Edwards, C. and
Woolf, G. (eds) Rome the Cosmopolis (Cambridge): 21-43
Beard, M. (2007) The Roman Triumph. London.
Beard, M and Hopkins, K. (2005) The Colosseum. London.
Bergmann, B. and Kondoleon, C. eds (1999) The Art of Ancient Spectacle. London.
Coleman, K. (1993) ‘Launching into History: Aquatic displays in the early empire’, Journal of
Roman Studies 83: 48-72
Delaine, J. (1997) The baths of Caracalla: a study in the design, construction, and economics of large-
scale building projects in imperial Rome. Portsmouth, R.I.
Dodge, H. (1999) ‘Amusing the Masses: Buildings for Entertainment and Leisure in the
Roman World’, in D. J. Mattingley (ed) Life, death, and entertainment in the Roman Empire (Ann
Arbor): 205-55.
Hopkins, K. (1983), ‘Murderous Games’, in Death and Renewal: Sociological Studies in Roman
History 2 (Cambridge): Chapter 1.
Horsfall, N. (2003) The Culture of the Roman Plebs. London.
Humphrey, J. H. (1986) Roman Circuses: Arenas for Chariot Racing. London
Jackson, R. (2000) Gladiators and Caesars, London.
Lim, R. (1999) ‘People as power: games, munificence and contested topography’ in W.V.
Harris (ed.) ‘The Transformation of Vrbs Roma in Late Antiquity (Portsmouth, R.I.): 265-82.
Nielsen, I. (1993) Thermae et Balnea: the architecture and cultural history of Roman public baths.
Aarhus.
Newby, Z. (2005) Greek athletics in the Roman world: victory and virtue. Oxford.
H.N. Parker (1999) ‘The observed of all observers: spectacle, applause and cultural poetics in
the Roman theatre audience’, in B. Bergmann and C. Kondoleon (eds) The Art of Ancient
Spectacle (Washington): 163-79
Rawson, E. (1987) ‘Discrimina Ordinum: The Lex Julia Theatralis’, Papers of the British School at
Rome 55: 83-113
Rose, P. (2005) 'Spectators and spectator comfort in Roman entertainment buildings:
a study in functional design', PBSR 73: 99-130
Toner, J. (1995) Leisure and Ancient Rome. Cambridge
Wiedemann, T. (1992) Emperors and Gladiators. London
Wiseman, T.P. (1974) ‘Circus Flaminius’, PBSR42: 3-26.
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(Exeter): 151-5
Yegul, F.K. (1992) Baths and Bathing in Classical Antiquity. London

13

Religion in the City of Rome
Beard, M., North, J. and Price. S. eds (1998) Religions of Rome (2 volumes) Cambridge: Vol 2 is
a sourcebook, see in particular 3.3, 3.3d, 3.6, 4.1-8, 5.1-2, 8.1a, 8.4a, 8.6a, 8.7a, 9.3, 10.1a, 12.6d,
12.7fiii-iv, 13.7-8 and use index for individual cults etc.
Harmon, D.P. (1978) Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt II.16.2: 1440-68.
Leon, H. (1995) The Jews of Ancient Rome. Updated Edition. Peabody, Mass.
Price, S.R.F. (1996) ‘The Place of Religion: Rome in the Early Empire’, Cambridge Ancient
History 10 (2

nd

edition), Cambridge: 812-41.

Rutgers, L.V. (2000) The Jews of Late Ancient Rome: Evidence of Cultural Interaction in the Roman
Diaspora. Leiden, Boston, Cologne.
Scheid, J. (2003) Roman Religion. Edinburgh
Schilling, R. (1979) Rites, cultes, dieux de Rome. Paris.
Scullard, H.H. (1981) Festivals and ceremonies of the Roman Republic. London.
Stambaugh, J.E. (1978) ‘The functions of Roman temples’, Aufstieg und Niedergang der
römischen Welt II.6.1: 534-608
Webb, M. (2001) The churches and catacombs of early Christian Rome: a comprehensive guide.
Brighton.

Death and Burial
Bodel, J. (1999) ‘Death on Display: Looking at Roman Funerals in B. Bergmann and K.
Kondoleon (eds) The Art of Ancient Spectacle (London): 258-281.
D’Ambra, E. (1998) Art and Identity in the Roman World. London.
Davies, P. (2000) Death and the Emperor: Roman imperial funerary monuments from Augustus to
Marcus Aurelius. Cambridge.
Ferrua, A. (1990) The Unknown Catacomb. New Lanark.
Hesberg, H. von and Zanker, P. (1992) Römische Gräberstrassen: Selbstdarstellung, Status,
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Hesberg, H. (1992) Römische Grabbauten. Darmstadt.
Hope, V.M. and Marshall, E. (eds) (2000), Death and Disease in the Ancient City. London.
Hopkins, K. (1983) Death and Renewal. Cambridge. (Ch. 4)
Kleiner, D.E.E. (1988) ‘Roman funerary art and architecture: observations on the significance
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Morris, I. (1992) Death Ritual and Social Structure in Classical Antiquity. Cambridge.
Patterson, J. (1992) ‘Patronage, Collegia and burial in Imperial Rome’, in S. Bassett (ed.) Death
in Towns. Urban responses to the dying and the dead, 100-1600 (London): 15-27
Rutgers, L.V. (2000) Subterranean Rome: in search of the roots of Christianity in the catacombs of
the eternal city. Leuven.
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Spera, L. (2003) ‘The Christianization of Space along the Via Appia: Changing
Landscapes in the Suburbs of Rome,’ AJA 107: 23-43
Stevenson, J. (1978) The Catacombs: Rediscovered monuments of Early Christianity. London.
Toynbee, J.M.C. (1971) Death and Burial in the Roman World. London.
Toynbee, J.M.C. and Ward-Perkins, J.B. (1956) The Shrine of St Peter and the Vatican
Excavations. London.

Late Antique Rome

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Cooper, K. and Hillner, J. (ed.) (2007) Religion, Dynasty, and Patronage in Early Christian Rome,
300-900. Cambridge.
Croke, B. and Harries, J. (1982) Religious Conflict in Fourth-Century Rome: A Documentary
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Markus, R. A. (1990) The End of Ancient Christianity (Cambridge).
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Retrospects
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Cambridge

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S. Kostof (1978), ‘The Emperor and the Duce: The planning of the Piazzale Augusto
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165-71

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GLOSSARY

The following is a glossary (by no means exhaustive!) of (mainly Latin) architectural and
other terms you might well come across, especially in topographical reference works:

aedes temple
aedicula shrine
aqua aqueduct (literally just means ‘water’!)
ara altar
area open space
arcus arch
arx citadel
atrium hall or house
bal(i)neum bathhouse, usually private
basilica usually a public building, a hall with a double colonnade and an apse
bibliotheca library
campus field, esp. for recreation, exercise or the meetings of assemblies
carcer prison
castra military camp or barracks
circus oval space, usually for holding games
clivus means an incline, but normally used as the name of a street
collis hill
cloaca sewer
comitium (place of) assembly
curia senate house
delubrum shrine
domus house (lived in by a single household)
equus equestrian statue (literally means ‘horse’!)
fanum temple/shrine
fons spring
fornix arch
forum form
fullonica fuller’s workshop
gradus steps
horrea warehouses
horti gardens
insula a block of flats, a tenement building
lacus pool or chasm
lucus grove
ludus 1) training school; 2) general term for games, esp. in the plural; ludi
macellum market
mausoleum burial monument
mons hill, mountain
monumentum tomb
munus gladiatorial games
murus wall

17

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naumachia artificial lake (for spectacle entertainments)
navalia docks
obeliscus obelisk
odeum theatre for musical performances
piscina pool: reservoir or swimming pool
pomerium religious boundary line of the city
pons bridge
porta gate, esp. city gate
porticus portico, colonnade
portus port, port warehouse
regio (plural: regiones) administrative region of the city
rostra orator’s platform
sacellum shrine
saepta voting precinct
scalae flight of steps
schola school
sepulcrum tomb
stadium stadium
stagnum large artificial pond
statua statue
tabernae shops
templum temple
theatrum theatre
thermae baths
tribunal platform, esp. for magistrates
tumulus tomb
via street
vicus street