Eurocode 3 3 Pren 1993 3 (2002 Mai)

background image

(8523($135(67$1'$5'

SU(1

35e1250((8523e(11(

(8523b,6&+(9251250

0D\

8'&

'HVFULSWRUV

(QJOLVKYHUVLRQ

(XURFRGH'HVLJQRIVWHHOVWUXFWXUHV

3DUW%XLOGLQJV

&DOFXOGHVVWUXFWXUHVHQDFLHU

%HPHVVXQJXQG.RQVWUXNWLRQYRQ6WDKOEDXWHQ

3DUWLH

7HLO

,QJqQLHULHGXEkWLPHQW

+DOOHQXQG*HVFKR‰EDXWHQ+RFKEDX

6WDJHGUDIW

&(1

(XURSHDQ&RPPLWWHHIRU6WDQGDUGLVDWLRQ

&RPLWp(XURSpHQGH1RUPDOLVDWLRQ

(XURSlLVFKHV.RPLWHHIU1RUPXQJ

&HQWUDO6HFUHWDULDWUXHGH6WDVVDUW%%UXVVHOV

‹&RS\ULJKWUHVHUYHGWRDOO&(1PHPEHUV

5HI1R(1(

$PHQGPHQWVVHQWSULRUWRWKH&(17&6&PHHWLQJLQ9LHQQDDUH

KLJKOLJKWHGE\\HOORZFRORXU

$PHQGPHQWVPDGHGXULQJWKH&(17&6&PHHWLQJLQ9LHQQDDUH

KLJKOLJKWHGE\OLJKWEOXHFRORXU

background image

3DJH

)LQDOGUDIW

SU(1

0D\

&RQWHQW

3DJH

)RUHZRUG

*HQHUDO

6FRSH

6FRSHRI(XURFRGH

6FRSHRI3DUWRI(XURFRGH

1RUPDWLYHUHIHUHQFHV

$VVXPSWLRQV

'LVWLQFWLRQEHWZHHQSULQFLSOHVDQGDSSOLFDWLRQUXOHV

'HILQLWLRQV

6\PEROV

&RQYHQWLRQIRUPHPEHUVD[LV

%DVLVRIGHVLJQ

5HTXLUHPHQWV

%DVLFUHTXLUHPHQWV

5HOLDELOLW\PDQDJHPHQW

'HVLJQZRUNLQJOLIHGXUDELOLW\DQGUREXVWQHVV

3ULQFLSOHVRIOLPLWVWDWHGHVLJQ

%DVLFYDULDEOHV

9HULILFDWLRQE\WKHSDUWLDOIDFWRUPHWKRG

'HVLJQDVVLVWHGE\WHVWLQJ

0DWHULDOV

*HQHUDO

6WUXFWXUDOVWHHO

0DWHULDOSURSHUWLHV

'XFWLOLW\UHTXLUHPHQWV

)UDFWXUHWRXJKQHVV

7KURXJKWKLFNQHVVSURSHUWLHV

&RQQHFWLQJGHYLFHV

)DVWHQHUV

:HOGLQJFRQVXPDEOHV

2WKHULWHPV

'XUDELOLW\

6WUXFWXUDODQDO\VLV

6WUXFWXUDOPRGHOOLQJIRUDQDO\VLV

6WUXFWXUDOPRGHOOLQJDQGEDVLFDVVXPSWLRQV

-RLQWPRGHOOLQJ

*URXQGVWUXFWXUHLQWHUDFWLRQ

6WUXFWXUDOVWDELOLW\

(IIHFWVRIGHIRUPHGJHRPHWU\RIWKHVWUXFWXUH

0HWKRGRIDQDO\VLV

,PSHUIHFWLRQV

%DVLV

,PSHUIHFWLRQVIRUJOREDODQDO\VLV

,PSHUIHFWLRQIRUDQDO\VLVRIEUDFLQJV\VWHPV

0HPEHULPSHUIHFWLRQVLQJOREDODQDO\VLV

&DOFXODWLRQRIDFWLRQHIIHFWV

&ODVVLILFDWLRQRIFURVVVHFWLRQV

8OWLPDWHOLPLWVWDWHV

*HQHUDO

5HVLVWDQFHRIFURVVVHFWLRQV

background image

)LQDOGUDIW

3DJH

0D\

SU(1

%XFNOLQJUHVLVWDQFHRIPHPEHUV

&RPSUHVVLRQPHPEHUV

/DWHUDOWRUVLRQDOEXFNOLQJRIEHDPV

/DWHUDOWRUVLRQDOEXFNOLQJRIIUDPHV

%HQGLQJDQGD[LDOFRPSUHVVLRQ

%XLOWXSFRPSUHVVLRQPHPEHUV

%XFNOLQJRISODWHV

6HUYLFHDELOLW\OLPLWVWDWHV

*HQHUDO

6HUYLFHDELOLW\OLPLWVWDWHVIRUEXLOGLQJV

*HQHUDO

5HFRPPHQGDWLRQVIRUKRUL]RQWDOGHIOHFWLRQV

'\QDPLFHIIHFWV

)DVWHQHUVZHOGVFRQQHFWLRQVDQG'HVLJQRIMRLQWV

$QQH[$>LQIRUPDWLYH@±$GGLWLRQDOGHVLJQSURYLVLRQV

$

6WUXFWXUDODQDO\VLVWDNLQJDFFRXQWRIPDWHULDOQRQOLQHDULWLHV

$

6LPSOLILHGSURYLVLRQVIRUWKHGHVLJQRIFRQWLQXRXVIORRUEHDPV

$QQH[%>LQIRUPDWLYH@±%XFNOLQJRIFRPSRQHQWVRIEXLOGLQJVWUXFWXUHV

%

)OH[XUDOEXFNOLQJRIFROXPQVLQIUDPHVZLWKULJLGFRQQHFWLRQV

%

)OH[XUDOEXFNOLQJRIPHPEHUVLQWULDQJXODWHGDQGODWWLFHVWUXFWXUHV

% *HQHUDO

% $QJOHVDVZHEPHPEHUV

% +ROORZVHFWLRQVDVPHPEHUV

%

0LQLPXPUHVWUDLQWVDORQJFROXPQVDQGEHDPV

% /DWHUDOUHVWUDLQWV

% 7RUVLRQDOUHVWUDLQW

%

6WDEOHOHQJWKVRIVHJPHQWFRQWDLQLQJSODVWLFKLQJHVIRURXWRISODQHEXFNOLQJ

% 8QLIRUPPHPEHUVPDGHRIUROOHGVHFWLRQVZLWKELV\PPHWULF,VHFWLRQV

% +DXQFKHGRUWDSHUHGPHPEHUV

% 0RGLILFDWLRQIDFWRUVIRUPRPHQWJUDGLHQWVLQPHPEHUVUHVWUDLQHGDORQJWKHWHQVLRQIODQJH

background image

3DJH

)LQDOGUDIW

SU(1

0D\

)RUHZRUG

7KLV(XURSHDQ6WDQGDUG(1'HVLJQRI6WHHO6WUXFWXUHV%XLOGLQJVKDVEHHQSUHSDUHGRQEHKDOIRI

7HFKQLFDO &RPPLWWHH &(17& © 6WUXFWXUDO (XURFRGHV ª WKH 6HFUHWDULDW RI ZKLFK LV KHOG E\ %6,

&(17&LVUHVSRQVLEOHIRUDOO6WUXFWXUDO(XURFRGHV

7KHWH[WRIWKHGUDIWVWDQGDUGZDVVXEPLWWHGWRWKHIRUPDOYRWHDQGZDVDSSURYHGE\&(1DV(1RQ

<<<<00''

1RH[LVWLQJ(XURSHDQ6WDQGDUGLVVXSHUVHGHG

%DFNJURXQGRIWKH(XURFRGHSURJUDPPH

,Q WKH &RPPLVVLRQ RI WKH (XURSHDQ &RPPXQLW\ GHFLGHG RQ DQ DFWLRQ SURJUDPPH LQ WKH ILHOG RI

FRQVWUXFWLRQ EDVHG RQ DUWLFOH RI WKH 7UHDW\ 7KH REMHFWLYH RI WKH SURJUDPPH ZDV WKH HOLPLQDWLRQ RI

WHFKQLFDOREVWDFOHVWRWUDGHDQGWKHKDUPRQLVDWLRQRIWHFKQLFDOVSHFLILFDWLRQV

:LWKLQWKLVDFWLRQSURJUDPPHWKH&RPPLVVLRQWRRNWKHLQLWLDWLYHWRHVWDEOLVKDVHWRIKDUPRQLVHGWHFKQLFDO

UXOHVIRUWKHGHVLJQRIFRQVWUXFWLRQZRUNVZKLFKLQDILUVWVWDJHZRXOGVHUYHDVDQDOWHUQDWLYHWRWKHQDWLRQDO

UXOHVLQIRUFHLQWKH0HPEHU6WDWHVDQGXOWLPDWHO\ZRXOGUHSODFHWKHP

)RUILIWHHQ\HDUVWKH&RPPLVVLRQZLWKWKHKHOSRID6WHHULQJ&RPPLWWHHZLWK5HSUHVHQWDWLYHVRI0HPEHU

6WDWHV FRQGXFWHG WKH GHYHORSPHQW RI WKH (XURFRGHV SURJUDPPH ZKLFK OHG WR WKH ILUVW JHQHUDWLRQ RI

(XURSHDQFRGHVLQWKH¶V

,QWKH&RPPLVVLRQDQGWKH0HPEHU6WDWHVRIWKH(8DQG()7$GHFLGHGRQWKHEDVLVRIDQDJUHHPHQW

EHWZHHQWKH&RPPLVVLRQDQG&(1WRWUDQVIHUWKHSUHSDUDWLRQDQGWKHSXEOLFDWLRQRIWKH(XURFRGHVWRWKH

&(1WKURXJKDVHULHVRI0DQGDWHVLQRUGHUWRSURYLGHWKHPZLWKDIXWXUHVWDWXVRI(XURSHDQ6WDQGDUG(1

7KLVOLQNVGHIDFWRWKH(XURFRGHVZLWKWKHSURYLVLRQVRIDOOWKH&RXQFLO¶V'LUHFWLYHVDQGRU&RPPLVVLRQ¶V

'HFLVLRQVGHDOLQJZLWK(XURSHDQVWDQGDUGVHJWKH&RXQFLO'LUHFWLYH((&RQFRQVWUXFWLRQSURGXFWV

±&3'±DQG&RXQFLO'LUHFWLYHV((&((&DQG((&RQSXEOLFZRUNVDQGVHUYLFHVDQG

HTXLYDOHQW()7$'LUHFWLYHVLQLWLDWHGLQSXUVXLWRIVHWWLQJXSWKHLQWHUQDOPDUNHW

7KH6WUXFWXUDO(XURFRGHSURJUDPPHFRPSULVHVWKHIROORZLQJVWDQGDUGVJHQHUDOO\FRQVLVWLQJRIDQXPEHURI

3DUWV
(1 (XURFRGH

%DVLVRIVWUXFWXUDOGHVLJQ

(1 (XURFRGH $FWLRQVRQVWUXFWXUHV
(1 (XURFRGH 'HVLJQRIFRQFUHWHVWUXFWXUHV
(1 (XURFRGH 'HVLJQRIVWHHOVWUXFWXUHV
(1 (XURFRGH 'HVLJQRIFRPSRVLWHVWHHODQGFRQFUHWHVWUXFWXUHV
(1 (XURFRGH 'HVLJQRIWLPEHUVWUXFWXUHV
(1 (XURFRGH 'HVLJQRIPDVRQU\VWUXFWXUHV
(1 (XURFRGH *HRWHFKQLFDOGHVLJQ
(1 (XURFRGH 'HVLJQRIVWUXFWXUHVIRUHDUWKTXDNHUHVLVWDQFH
(1 (XURFRGH 'HVLJQRIDOXPLQLXPVWUXFWXUHV

(XURFRGH VWDQGDUGV UHFRJQLVH WKH UHVSRQVLELOLW\ RI UHJXODWRU\ DXWKRULWLHV LQ HDFK 0HPEHU 6WDWH DQG KDYH

VDIHJXDUGHGWKHLUULJKWWRGHWHUPLQHYDOXHVUHODWHGWRUHJXODWRU\VDIHW\PDWWHUVDWQDWLRQDOOHYHOZKHUHWKHVH

FRQWLQXHWRYDU\IURP6WDWHWR6WDWH

$JUHHPHQW EHWZHHQ WKH &RPPLVVLRQ RI WKH (XURSHDQ &RPPXQLWLHV DQG WKH (XURSHDQ &RPPLWWHH IRU 6WDQGDUGLVDWLRQ &(1

FRQFHUQLQJWKHZRUNRQ(852&2'(6IRUWKHGHVLJQRIEXLOGLQJDQGFLYLOHQJLQHHULQJZRUNV%&&(1

background image

)LQDOGUDIW

3DJH

0D\

SU(1

6WDWXVDQGILHOGRIDSSOLFDWLRQRI(XURFRGHV

7KH 0HPEHU 6WDWHV RI WKH (8 DQG ()7$ UHFRJQLVH WKDW (XURFRGHV VHUYH DV UHIHUHQFH GRFXPHQWV IRU WKH

IROORZLQJSXUSRVHV

±

DVDPHDQVWRSURYHFRPSOLDQFHRIEXLOGLQJDQGFLYLOHQJLQHHULQJZRUNVZLWKWKHHVVHQWLDOUHTXLUHPHQWV

RI&RXQFLO'LUHFWLYH((&SDUWLFXODUO\(VVHQWLDO5HTXLUHPHQW1ƒ0HFKDQLFDOUHVLVWDQFHDQG

VWDELOLW\DQG(VVHQWLDO5HTXLUHPHQW1ƒ6DIHW\LQFDVHRIILUH

±

DVDEDVLVIRUVSHFLI\LQJFRQWUDFWVIRUFRQVWUXFWLRQZRUNVDQGUHODWHGHQJLQHHULQJVHUYLFHV

±

DVDIUDPHZRUNIRUGUDZLQJXSKDUPRQLVHGWHFKQLFDOVSHFLILFDWLRQVIRUFRQVWUXFWLRQSURGXFWV(1VDQG

(7$V

7KH(XURFRGHVDVIDUDVWKH\FRQFHUQWKHFRQVWUXFWLRQZRUNVWKHPVHOYHVKDYHDGLUHFWUHODWLRQVKLSZLWKWKH

,QWHUSUHWDWLYH'RFXPHQWV

UHIHUUHGWRLQ$UWLFOHRIWKH&3'DOWKRXJKWKH\DUHRIDGLIIHUHQWQDWXUHIURP

KDUPRQLVHG SURGXFW VWDQGDUG

7KHUHIRUH WHFKQLFDO DVSHFWV DULVLQJ IURP WKH (XURFRGHV ZRUN QHHG WR EH

DGHTXDWHO\FRQVLGHUHGE\&(17HFKQLFDO&RPPLWWHHVDQGRU(27$:RUNLQJ*URXSVZRUNLQJRQSURGXFW

VWDQGDUGVZLWKDYLHZWRDFKLHYLQJDIXOOFRPSDWLELOLW\RIWKHVHWHFKQLFDOVSHFLILFDWLRQVZLWKWKH(XURFRGHV

7KH(XURFRGHVWDQGDUGVSURYLGHFRPPRQVWUXFWXUDOGHVLJQUXOHVIRUHYHU\GD\XVHIRUWKHGHVLJQRIZKROH

VWUXFWXUHV DQG FRPSRQHQW SURGXFWV RI ERWK D WUDGLWLRQDO DQG DQ LQQRYDWLYH QDWXUH 8QXVXDO IRUPV RI

FRQVWUXFWLRQ RU GHVLJQ FRQGLWLRQV DUH QRW VSHFLILFDOO\ FRYHUHG DQG DGGLWLRQDO H[SHUW FRQVLGHUDWLRQ ZLOO EH

UHTXLUHGE\WKHGHVLJQHULQVXFKFDVHV

1DWLRQDO6WDQGDUGVLPSOHPHQWLQJ(XURFRGHV

7KH1DWLRQDO6WDQGDUGVLPSOHPHQWLQJ(XURFRGHVZLOOFRPSULVHWKHIXOOWH[WRIWKH(XURFRGHLQFOXGLQJDQ\

DQQH[HVDVSXEOLVKHGE\&(1ZKLFKPD\EHSUHFHGHGE\D1DWLRQDOWLWOHSDJHDQG1DWLRQDOIRUHZRUGDQG

PD\EHIROORZHGE\D1DWLRQDODQQH[LQIRUPDWLYH

7KH1DWLRQDO$QQH[LQIRUPDWLYHPD\RQO\FRQWDLQLQIRUPDWLRQRQWKRVHSDUDPHWHUVZKLFKDUHOHIWRSHQLQ

WKH(XURFRGHIRUQDWLRQDOFKRLFHNQRZQDV1DWLRQDOO\'HWHUPLQHG3DUDPHWHUVWREHXVHGIRUWKHGHVLJQRI

EXLOGLQJVDQGFLYLOHQJLQHHULQJZRUNVWREHFRQVWUXFWHGLQWKHFRXQWU\FRQFHUQHGLH

±

YDOXHVIRUSDUWLDOIDFWRUVDQGRUFODVVHVZKHUHDOWHUQDWLYHVDUHJLYHQLQWKH(XURFRGH

±

YDOXHVWREHXVHGZKHUHDV\PERORQO\LVJLYHQLQWKH(XURFRGH

±

JHRJUDSKLFDODQGFOLPDWLFGDWDVSHFLILFWRWKH0HPEHU6WDWHHJVQRZPDS

±

WKHSURFHGXUHWREHXVHGZKHUHDOWHUQDWLYHSURFHGXUHVDUHJLYHQLQWKH(XURFRGH

±

UHIHUHQFHVWRQRQFRQWUDGLFWRU\FRPSOHPHQWDU\LQIRUPDWLRQWRDVVLVWWKHXVHUWRDSSO\WKH(XURFRGH

/LQNVEHWZHHQ(XURFRGHVDQGSURGXFWKDUPRQLVHGWHFKQLFDOVSHFLILFDWLRQV(1V

DQG(7$V

7KHUHLVDQHHGIRUFRQVLVWHQF\EHWZHHQWKHKDUPRQLVHGWHFKQLFDOVSHFLILFDWLRQVIRUFRQVWUXFWLRQSURGXFWV

DQGWKHWHFKQLFDOUXOHVIRUZRUNV

)XUWKHUPRUHDOOWKHLQIRUPDWLRQDFFRPSDQ\LQJWKH&(0DUNLQJRIWKH

FRQVWUXFWLRQ SURGXFWV ZKLFK UHIHU WR (XURFRGHV VKRXOG FOHDUO\ PHQWLRQ ZKLFK 1DWLRQDOO\ 'HWHUPLQHG

3DUDPHWHUVKDYHEHHQWDNHQLQWRDFFRXQW

$FFRUGLQJWR$UWRIWKH&3'WKHHVVHQWLDOUHTXLUHPHQWV(5VVKDOOEHJLYHQFRQFUHWHIRUPLQLQWHUSUHWDWLYHGRFXPHQWVIRUWKH

FUHDWLRQRIWKHQHFHVVDU\OLQNVEHWZHHQWKHHVVHQWLDOUHTXLUHPHQWVDQGWKHPDQGDWHVIRUK(1VDQG(7$*V(7$V

$FFRUGLQJWR$UWRIWKH&3'WKHLQWHUSUHWDWLYHGRFXPHQWVVKDOO

D JLYHFRQFUHWHIRUPWRWKHHVVHQWLDOUHTXLUHPHQWVE\KDUPRQLVLQJWKHWHUPLQRORJ\DQGWKHWHFKQLFDOEDVHVDQGLQGLFDWLQJFODVVHV

RUOHYHOVIRUHDFKUHTXLUHPHQWZKHUHQHFHVVDU\

E LQGLFDWH PHWKRGV RI FRUUHODWLQJ WKHVH FODVVHV RU OHYHOV RI UHTXLUHPHQW ZLWK WKH WHFKQLFDO VSHFLILFDWLRQV HJ PHWKRGV RI

FDOFXODWLRQDQGRISURRIWHFKQLFDOUXOHVIRUSURMHFWGHVLJQHWF

F VHUYHDVDUHIHUHQFHIRUWKHHVWDEOLVKPHQWRIKDUPRQLVHGVWDQGDUGVDQGJXLGHOLQHVIRU(XURSHDQWHFKQLFDODSSURYDOV

7KH(XURFRGHVGHIDFWRSOD\DVLPLODUUROHLQWKHILHOGRIWKH(5DQGDSDUWRI(5

6HH$UWDQG$UWRIWKH&3'DVZHOODVFODXVHVDQGRI,'

background image

3DJH

)LQDOGUDIW

SU(1

0D\

$GGLWLRQDOLQIRUPDWLRQVSHFLILFWR(1

(1 LV WKH WKLUG SDUW RI VHYHQ SDUWV RI (1 ± 'HVLJQ RI 6WHHO 6WUXFWXUHV ± DQG GHVFULEHV WKH

SULQFLSOHV DQG DSSOLFDWLRQ UXOHV IRU WKH VDIHW\ DQG VHUYLFHDELOLW\ DQG GXUDELOLW\ RI VWHHO VWUXFWXUHV IRU

EXLOGLQJV

(1JLYHVGHVLJQUXOHVLQVXSSOHPHQWWRWKHJHQHULFUXOHVLQ(1

(1 LV LQWHQGHG WR EH XVHG ZLWK (XURFRGHV (1 ± %DVLV RI GHVLJQ (1 ± $FWLRQV RQ

VWUXFWXUHVDQGWKHSDUWVRI(1WR(1ZKHQVWHHOVWUXFWXUHVRUVWHHOFRPSRQHQWVIRUEXLOGLQJVDUH

UHIHUUHGWR

0DWWHUVWKDWDUHDOUHDG\FRYHUHGLQWKRVHGRFXPHQWVDUHQRWUHSHDWHG

(1LVLQWHQGHGIRUXVHE\

±

FRPPLWWHHVGUDIWLQJGHVLJQUHODWHGSURGXFWWHVWLQJDQGH[HFXWLRQVWDQGDUGV

±

FOLHQWVHJIRUWKHIRUPXODWLRQRIWKHLUVSHFLILFUHTXLUHPHQWV

±

GHVLJQHUVDQGFRQVWUXFWRUV

±

UHOHYDQWDXWKRULWLHV

1XPHULFDOYDOXHVIRUSDUWLDOIDFWRUVDQGRWKHUUHOLDELOLW\SDUDPHWHUVDUHUHFRPPHQGHGDVEDVLFYDOXHVWKDW

SURYLGH DQ DFFHSWDEOH OHYHO RI UHOLDELOLW\ 7KH\ KDYH EHHQ VHOHFWHG DVVXPLQJ WKDW DQ DSSURSULDWH OHYHO RI

ZRUNPDQVKLSDQGTXDOLW\PDQDJHPHQWDSSOLHV

1DWLRQDODQQH[IRU(1

7KLV VWDQGDUG JLYHV DOWHUQDWLYH SURFHGXUHV YDOXHV DQG UHFRPPHQGDWLRQV IRU FODVVHV ZLWK QRWHV LQGLFDWLQJ

ZKHUH QDWLRQDO FKRLFHV PD\ KDYH WR EH PDGH 7KHUHIRUH WKH 1DWLRQDO 6WDQGDUG LPSOHPHQWLQJ (1

VKRXOGKDYHD1DWLRQDO$QQH[FRQWDLQLQJDOO1DWLRQDOO\'HWHUPLQHG3DUDPHWHUVWREHXVHGIRUWKHGHVLJQRI

VWHHOVWUXFWXUHVWREHFRQVWUXFWHGLQWKHUHOHYDQWFRXQWU\

1DWLRQDOFKRLFHLVDOORZHGLQ(1WKURXJKFODXVHV

±

±

±

±

±

±

±

±

background image

)LQDOGUDIW

3DJH

0D\

SU(1

*HQHUDO

6FRSH

6FRSHRI(XURFRGH

6HHRI(1

6FRSHRI3DUWRI(XURFRGH

7KLV3DUWRI(1JLYHVDJHQHUDOEDVLVIRUWKHVWUXFWXUDOGHVLJQRIVWHHOSRUWDOVIRUKDOOVDQG

VLQJOH DQG PXOWLVWRUH\ VWHHO EXLOGLQJV VWHHO SDUWV RI FRPSRVLWH EXLOGLQJV RU EXLOGLQJV WKDW DUH PDLQO\ RI

RWKHUFRQVWUXFWLRQPDWHULDOVDQGDOVRVWHHOWHPSRUDU\ZRUNVLQEXLOGLQJV,WJLYHVSURYLVLRQVWKDWVXSSOHPHQW

PRGLI\RUVXSHUVHGHWKHHTXLYDOHQWSURYLVLRQVJLYHQLQWKHYDULRXVSDUWVRI(1

7KLV3DUWDOVRJLYHVGHWDLOHGDSSOLFDWLRQUXOHVWKDWDUHPDLQO\DSSOLFDEOHWRFRPPRQO\XVHGW\SHVRI

EXLOGLQJV :KHUH WKH DSSOLFDELOLW\ RI WKHVH UXOHV LV OLPLWHG WKHLU XVH DQG DQ\ OLPLWV RI DSSOLFDELOLW\ DUH

H[SODLQHGLQWKHWH[W

3URYLVLRQVIRUWKHVWUXFWXUDOILUHGHVLJQWKHGHVLJQRIFROGIRUPHGWKLQJDXJHPHPEHUVDQGVKHHWLQJ

WKHGHVLJQZLWKVWDLQOHVVVWHHOVDQGZLWKWHQVLOHHOHPHQWVDUHLQFOXGHGLQ(1DQGWKHUHIRUHQRWGHDOW

ZLWKLQWKLVSDUW

3URYLVLRQVIRUVWHHOFRPSRQHQWVRIFRPSRVLWHPHPEHUVFRYHUHGLQ(1DUHDOVRJLYHQLQWKLV

3DUW

7KHGHVLJQRIVWHHOEHDULQJSLOHVDQGVWHHOVKHHWSLOHZDOOVLVFRYHUHGLQ(1

3URYLVLRQVIRUWKHGHVLJQRIFUDQHVXSSRUWLQJVWUXFWXUHVDUHLQFOXGHGLQ(1

7KLVVWDQGDUGLVFRQFHUQHGRQO\ZLWKSURYLVLRQVIRUUHVLVWDQFHVHUYLFHDELOLW\DQGGXUDELOLW\RIEXLOGLQJ

VWUXFWXUHV2WKHUDVSHFWVRIGHVLJQDUHQRWFRQVLGHUHG

([HFXWLRQLVFRYHUHGWRWKHH[WHQWWKDWLVQHFHVVDU\WRLQGLFDWHWKHTXDOLW\RIWKHFRQVWUXFWLRQPDWHULDOV

DQG SURGXFWV WKDW VKRXOG EH XVHG DQG WKH VWDQGDUG RI ZRUNPDQVKLS RQ VLWH QHHGHG WR FRPSO\ ZLWK WKH

DVVXPSWLRQVRIWKHGHVLJQUXOHV

)RUWKHH[HFXWLRQRIVWHHOEXLOGLQJVUHIHUHQFHVKRXOGEHPDGHWR(1[[[

(1GRHVQRWFRYHUWKHVSHFLDOUHTXLUHPHQWVRIVHLVPLFGHVLJQ5HIHUHQFHVKDOOEHPDGHWRWKH

UHTXLUHPHQWVJLYHQLQ(1ZKLFKFRPSOHPHQWVDQGPRGLILHVWKHUXOHVRI(1VSHFLILFDOO\IRU

WKLVSXUSRVH

7KHIROORZLQJVXEMHFWVDUHGHDOWZLWKLQ(1
6HFWLRQ ,QWURGXFWLRQ
6HFWLRQ %DVLVRIGHVLJQ
6HFWLRQ 0DWHULDOV
6HFWLRQ 'XUDELOLW\
6HFWLRQ 6WUXFWXUDODQDO\VLV
6HFWLRQ 8OWLPDWHOLPLWVWDWHV
6HFWLRQ 6HUYLFHDELOLW\OLPLWVWDWHV
6HFWLRQ -RLQWV

(1[[[LVWKHFRQYHUVLRQRI(19

background image

3DJH

)LQDOGUDIW

SU(1

0D\

6HFWLRQWRSURYLGHDGGLWLRQDOFODXVHVWRWKRVHJLYHQLQ(1³%DVLVRIVWUXFWXUDOGHVLJQ´

6HFWLRQGHDOVZLWKPDWHULDOSURSHUWLHVRISURGXFWVXVHGLQEXLOGLQJGHVLJQ

6HFWLRQJLYHVJHQHUDOUXOHVIRUGXUDELOLW\

6HFWLRQUHIHUVWRWKHVWUXFWXUDODQDO\VLVRIEXLOGLQJVWUXFWXUHV

6HFWLRQJLYHVGHWDLOHGUXOHVIRUWKHGHVLJQRIFURVVVHFWLRQVDQGPHPEHUV

6HFWLRQJLYHVUXOHVIRUVHUYLFHDELOLW\

6HFWLRQUHIHUVWRMRLQWVXVHGLQEXLOGLQJ

1RUPDWLYHUHIHUHQFHV

7KH IROORZLQJ QRUPDWLYH GRFXPHQWV FRQWDLQ SURYLVLRQV ZKLFK WKURXJK UHIHUHQFHV LQ WKLV WH[W

FRQVWLWXWHSURYLVLRQVRIWKLV(XURSHDQVWDQGDUG)RUGDWHGUHIHUHQFHVVXEVHTXHQWDPHQGPHQWVWRRUUHYLVLRQV

RIDQ\RIWKHVHSXEOLFDWLRQVGRQRWDSSO\+RZHYHUSDUWLHVWRDJUHHPHQWVEDVHGRQWKLV(XURSHDQVWDQGDUG

DUHHQFRXUDJHGWRLQYHVWLJDWHWKHSRVVLELOLW\RIDSSO\LQJWKHPRVWUHFHQWHGLWLRQVRIWKHQRUPDWLYHGRFXPHQWV

LQGLFDWHGEHORZ)RUXQGDWHGUHIHUHQFHVWKHODWHVWHGLWLRQRIWKHQRUPDWLYHGRFXPHQWUHIHUUHGWRDSSOLHV
(1[[[

([HFXWLRQRIVWHHOVWUXFWXUHV

$VVXPSWLRQV

6HHRI(1

'LVWLQFWLRQEHWZHHQSULQFLSOHVDQGDSSOLFDWLRQUXOHV

6HHRI(1

'HILQLWLRQV

)RUWKHSXUSRVHVRIWKLV3DUWRI(1LQDGGLWLRQWRWKHGHILQLWLRQVJLYHQLQ(1DQG(1

WKHIROORZLQJGHILQLWLRQVDSSO\

'UDIWQRWH :LOOEHDGGHGODWHU

6\PEROV

)RUWKHSXUSRVHRIWKLVVWDQGDUGWKHIROORZLQJV\PEROVDSSO\

'UDIWQRWH :LOOEHDGGHGODWHU

&RQYHQWLRQIRUPHPEHUVD[LV

)RUPHPEHUD[LVVHH(1

background image

)LQDOGUDIW

3DJH

0D\

SU(1

%DVLVRIGHVLJQ

5HTXLUHPHQWV

%DVLFUHTXLUHPHQWV

6HHRI(1

5HOLDELOLW\PDQDJHPHQW

6HHRI(1

'HVLJQZRUNLQJOLIHGXUDELOLW\DQGUREXVWQHVV

*HQHUDO

6HHRI(1

'HVLJQZRUNLQJOLIH

7KHGHVLJQZRUNLQJOLIHVKRXOGEHWDNHQDVWKHSHULRGIRUZKLFKDEXLOGLQJVWUXFWXUHLVH[SHFWHGWREH

XVHGIRULWVLQWHQGHGSXUSRVH

)RUWKHVSHFLILFDWLRQRIWKHLQWHQGHGGHVLJQZRUNLQJOLIHRIDSHUPDQHQWEXLOGLQJVHH7DEOHRI(1

)RUVWUXFWXUDOHOHPHQWVWKDWFDQQRWEHGHVLJQHGIRUWKHWRWDOGHVLJQOLIHRIWKHEXLOGLQJVHH

'XUDELOLW\

7R HQVXUH GXUDELOLW\ EXLOGLQJV DQG WKHLU FRPSRQHQWV VKRXOG HLWKHU EH GHVLJQHG IRU HQYLURQPHQWDO

DFWLRQVDQGIDWLJXHLIUHOHYDQWRUHOVHSURWHFWHGIURPWKHP

7KH HIIHFWV RI GHWHULRUDWLRQ RI PDWHULDO FRUURVLRQ RU IDWLJXH ZKHUH UHOHYDQW VKRXOG EH WDNHQ LQWR

DFFRXQWE\ DSSURSULDWH FKRLFH RI PDWHULDO VHH (1 DQG GHWDLOVVHH (1 RU VWUXFWXUDO

UHGXQGDQF\DQGFRUURVLRQSURWHFWLRQV\VWHP

:KHUH D EXLOGLQJ LQFOXGHV FRPSRQHQWV WKDW QHHG WR EH UHSODFHDEOH HJ EHDULQJV LQ ]RQHV RI VRLO

VHWWOHPHQWWKHSRVVLELOLW\RIWKHLUVDIHUHSODFHPHQWVKRXOGEHYHULILHGDVDWUDQVLHQWGHVLJQVLWXDWLRQ

5REXVWQHVVDQGVWUXFWXUDOLQWHJULW\

%XLOGLQJVVKRXOGEHGHVLJQHGIRUDFFLGHQWDODFWLRQVGHVLJQVLWXDWLRQVDVGHILQHGLQVHH(1

3ULQFLSOHVRIOLPLWVWDWHGHVLJQ

6HHRI(1

%DVLFYDULDEOHV

6HHRI(1

127()RUSURSRUWLRQDOORDGLQJVHH$QQH[$

9HULILFDWLRQE\WKHSDUWLDOIDFWRUPHWKRG

6HHRI(1

background image

3DJH

)LQDOGUDIW

SU(1

0D\

'HVLJQDVVLVWHGE\WHVWLQJ

6HHRI(1

0DWHULDOV

*HQHUDO

6HHRI(1

6WUXFWXUDOVWHHO

6HHRI(1

0DWHULDOSURSHUWLHV

6HHRI(1

'XFWLOLW\UHTXLUHPHQWV

6HHRI(1

)UDFWXUHWRXJKQHVV

6HHRI(1

)RU EXLOGLQJ FRPSRQHQWV XQGHU FRPSUHVVLRQ D VXLWDEOH PLQLPXP WRXJKQHVV SURSHUW\ VKRXOG EH

VHOHFWHG

127( 7KH 1DWLRQDO $QQH[ PD\ JLYH LQIRUPDWLRQ RQ WKH VHOHFWLRQ RI WRXJKQHVV SURSHUWLHV IRU

PHPEHUVLQFRPSUHVVLRQ7KHXVHRI7DEOHRI(1IRUs

(G

I

\

WLVUHFRPPHQGHG

7KURXJKWKLFNQHVVSURSHUWLHV

6HHRI(1

127( 3DUWLFXODU FDUH VKRXOG EH JLYHQ WR ZHOGHG EHDP WR FROXPQ FRQQHFWLRQV DQG ZHOGHG HQG

SODWHVZLWKWHQVLRQLQWKHWKURXJKWKLFNQHVVGLUHFWLRQ

127(7KH1DWLRQDO$QQH[PD\JLYHWKHUHOHYDQWFODVVLILFDWLRQDFFRUGLQJWRRI(1

7KHFODVVLILFDWLRQLQ7DEOHLVUHFRPPHQGHG

7DEOH&KRLFHRITXDOLW\FODVVDFFRUGLQJWR(1

7DUJHWYDOXHRI

=

(G

5HTXLUHGYDOXHRI

=

5G

DFFRUGLQJWR(1

”

²

WR

=

WR

=

!

=

background image

)LQDOGUDIW

3DJH

0D\

SU(1

&RQQHFWLQJGHYLFHV

)DVWHQHUV

5HTXLUHPHQWVIRUIDVWHQHUVDUHJLYHQLQ(1

:HOGLQJFRQVXPDEOHV

5HTXLUHPHQWVIRUZHOGLQJFRQVXPDEOHVDUHJLYHQLQ(1

2WKHULWHPV

$Q\ VHPLILQLVKHG RU ILQLVKHG VWUXFWXUDO SURGXFW XVHG LQ WKH VWUXFWXUDO GHVLJQ RI EXLOGLQJV VKRXOG

FRPSO\ZLWKWKHUHOHYDQW(13URGXFW6WDQGDUGRU(XURSHDQ7HFKQLFDO$SSURYDO

'XUDELOLW\

6HHRI(1

)RUEXLOGLQJVWUXFWXUHVQRIDWLJXHDVVHVVPHQWLVQRUPDOO\UHTXLUHGH[FHSWDVIROORZV

D 0HPEHUVVXSSRUWLQJOLIWLQJDSSOLDQFHVRUUROOLQJORDGV
E 0HPEHUVVXEMHFWWRUHSHDWHGVWUHVVF\FOHVIURPYLEUDWLQJPDFKLQHU\
F 0HPEHUVVXEMHFWWRZLQGLQGXFHGYLEUDWLRQV
G 0HPEHUVVXEMHFWWRFURZGLQGXFHGRVFLOODWLRQV

&RUURVLRQ SURWHFWLRQ GRHV QRW QHHG WR EH DSSOLHG IRU LQWHUQDO VWUXFWXUHV LI WKH LQWHUQDO UHODWLYH

KXPLGLW\LVOHVVRUHTXDOWR

6WUXFWXUDODQDO\VLV

6WUXFWXUDOPRGHOOLQJIRUDQDO\VLV

6WUXFWXUDOPRGHOOLQJDQGEDVLFDVVXPSWLRQV

6HHRI(1

)RUWKHVWUXFWXUDOPRGHOOLQJDQGEDVLFDVVXPSWLRQVIRUFRPSRQHQWVRIEXLOGLQJVVHHDOVR(1

DQG(1

-RLQWPRGHOOLQJ

6HHRI(1

*URXQGVWUXFWXUHLQWHUDFWLRQ

6HHRI(1

6WUXFWXUDOVWDELOLW\

(IIHFWVRIGHIRUPHGJHRPHWU\RIWKHVWUXFWXUH

6HHRI(1

3RUWDOIUDPHVDQGEHDPDQGFROXPQW\SHSODQHIUDPHVLQEXLOGLQJVPD\EHFKHFNHGIRUVZD\PRGH

IDLOXUHZLWKILUVWRUGHUWKHRU\LIWKHIROORZLQJFULWHULRQLVVDWLVILHGIRUHDFKVWRUH\

background image

3DJH

)LQDOGUDIW

SU(1

0D\

K

9

+

(G

+

(G

(G

FULW

˜

Ü

Ü

Ý

Û

Ì

Ì

Í

Ë

d

ÜÜÝ

Û

ÌÌÍ

Ë

=

a

ZKHUH +

(G

LVWKHKRUL]RQWDOUHDFWLRQWRWKHKRUL]RQWDOORDGVDQGILFWLWLRXVKRUL]RQWDOORDGVDWWKHERWWRPRI

WKHVWRUH\

9

(G

LVWKHWRWDOGHVLJQYHUWLFDOORDGRQWKHVWUXFWXUHRQWKHWRSRIWKHVWRUH\

d

H,Ed

LV WKH KRUL]RQWDO GLVSODFHPHQW DW WKH WRS RI WKH VWRUH\ UHODWLYH WR WKH ERWWRP RI WKH VWRUH\

ZKHQ WKH IUDPH LV ORDGHG ZLWK KRUL]RQWDO ORDGV HJ ZLQG DQG ILFWLWLRXV KRUL]RQWDO ORDGV

ZKLFKDUHDSSOLHGDWHDFKIORRUOHYHO

K

LVWKHVWRUH\KHLJKW

K

*

+(G

9

(G

+

(G

)LJXUH1RWDWLRQVIRU

127( )RU UHJXODU PXOWLVWRUH\ EXLOGLQJ IUDPHV VHH WKH FKHFN RI WKH EDVH VWRUH\ LV

VXIILFLHQW

127( 1RQ VZD\ PRGH IDLOXUH PD\ EH UHOHYDQW IRU SRUWDO IUDPHV DQG WKH FULWHULRQ QRW EH

VXIILFLHQWZKHUH

±

WKHVSDQ/H[FHHGVWLPHVWKHPHDQKHLJKWKRIWKHFROXPQV

±

WKHKHLJKWRIWKHURRIDERYHWKHVWUDLJKWOLQHEHWZHHQWKHFROXPQWRSVRIHDFKVSDQK

Y

H[FHHGV

WLPHVWKHVSDQ/

±

LIWKHUDIWHULVDV\PPHWULFK

Y

H[FHHGVWKHOLPLW

V

K

V

K

E

Y

D

Y

=

ÜÜÝ

Û

ÌÌÍ

Ë

+

ÜÜÝ

Û

ÌÌÍ

Ë

LQZKLFKV

D

DQGV

E

DUHWKHKRUL]RQWDOGLVWDQFHVIURPWKHDSH[WRWKHFROXPQVVHH)LJXUH

background image

)LQDOGUDIW

3DJH

0D\

SU(1

/

V

D

V

E

K

K

Y

K

)LJXUH3RUWDOIUDPHGHILQLWLRQV

0HWKRGRIDQDO\VLV

6HHRI(1

)RUVLQJOHVWRUH\IUDPHVVHFRQGRUGHUVZD\HIIHFWVPD\EHFDOFXODWHGE\PHDQVRIDSSO\LQJDIDFWRUWR

WKHKRUL]RQWDOORDGV+

(G

HJZLQGDQGHTXLYDOHQWORDGVGXHWRLPSHUIHFWLRQVVHH

FULW

+

+

a

-

=

ZLWK

K

9

+

(G

+

(G

FULW

˜

Ü

Ü

Ý

Û

Ì

Ì

Í

Ë

d

ÜÜÝ

Û

ÌÌÍ

Ë

=

a

f

+

=

(G

(G

9

+

+

127()RUa

FULW

DWUXHVHFRQGRUGHUDQDO\VLVDSSOLHV

)RUPXOWLVWRUH\IUDPHVVHFRQGRUGHUVZD\HIIHFWVPD\EHFDOFXODWHGE\PHDQVRIWKHPHWKRGJLYHQLQ

SURYLGHGWKHUHLVDQDIILQLW\RYHUDOOVWRUH\VEHWZHHQ

±

GLVWULEXWLRQRIVXPRIYHUWLFDOVWRUH\ORDGVDQG

±

GLVWULEXWLRQRIVXPRIKRUL]RQWDOVWRUH\ORDGVDQG

±

GLVWULEXWLRQRIIUDPHVWLIIQHVVLQHDFKVWRUH\OHYHOGXHWRKRUL]RQWDOORDGV

127()RUWKHOLPLWDWLRQRIWKHPHWKRGVHHDOVR

,PSHUIHFWLRQV

%DVLV

6HHRI(1

,PSHUIHFWLRQVIRUJOREDODQDO\VLV

6HHRI(1

)RUEXLOGLQJIUDPHVVZD\LPSHUIHFWLRQVPD\EHGLVUHJDUGHGZKHUH

background image

3DJH

)LQDOGUDIW

SU(1

0D\

+

(G

˜9

(G

)RUWKHGHWHUPLQDWLRQRIKRUL]RQWDOIRUFHVWRIORRUGLDSKUDJPVWKHFRQILJXUDWLRQRILPSHUIHFWLRQVDV

JLYHQLQ)LJXUHVKRXOGEHDSSOLHGZKHUHfUHIHUVWRVZD\LPSHUIHFWLRQVRIVLQJOHVWRUH\VRQO\VHH

RI(1

N

N

N

N

+

L

1

L

1

L

1

L

1

L

+

L

K

K

K

)LJXUH&RQILJXUDWLRQRIVZD\LPSHUIHFWLRQVfIRUIORRUGLDSKUDJPV

,QPXOWLSOHEHDPDQGFROXPQEXLOGLQJIUDPHVHTXLYDOHQWIRUFHVVKRXOGEHDSSOLHGDWHDFKIORRUDQG

URRIOHYHODQGVKRXOGEHSURSRUWLRQDWHWRWKHGHVLJQYHUWLFDOORDGVDSSOLHGWRWKHVWUXFWXUHDWWKDWOHYHOIRUWKH

ORDGFDVHXQGHUFRQVLGHUDWLRQ

,PSHUIHFWLRQIRUDQDO\VLVRIEUDFLQJV\VWHPV

6HHRI(1

0HPEHULPSHUIHFWLRQVLQJOREDODQDO\VLV

6HHRI(1

&DOFXODWLRQRIDFWLRQHIIHFWV

6HHRI(1

$VDVLPSOLILHGPHWKRGIRUWKHFDOFXODWLRQRIDFWLRQHIIHFWVLQFRQWLQXRXVEHDPVIROORZLQJDILUVWRUGHU

DQDO\VLV VHH (1 WKH SODVWLF UHGLVWULEXWLRQ RI PRPHQWV PD\ EH WDNHQ LQWR DFFRXQW E\ DQ

HODVWLFJOREDODQDO\VLVDQGPRGLI\LQJWKHFDOFXODWHGHODVWLFEHQGLQJPRPHQWVE\UHGLVWULEXWLQJXSWRRI

WKHSHDNFDOFXODWHGPRPHQWLQDQ\PHPEHUSURYLGHGWKDW
D WKHLQWHUQDOIRUFHVDQGPRPHQWVLQWKHIUDPHUHPDLQLQHTXLOLEULXPZLWKWKHDSSOLHGORDGVDQG
E DOOWKHPHPEHUVLQZKLFKWKHPRPHQWVDUHUHGXFHGKDYH&ODVVRU&ODVVFURVVVHFWLRQVVHH(1

&ODVVLILFDWLRQRIFURVVVHFWLRQV

6HHRI(1

background image

)LQDOGUDIW

3DJH

0D\

SU(1

8OWLPDWHOLPLWVWDWHV

*HQHUDO

6HHRI(1

127( 3DUWLDO IDFWRUV g

0L

IRU EXLOGLQJV PD\ EH GHILQHG LQ WKH 1DWLRQDO $QQH[ 7KH IROORZLQJ

QXPHULFDOYDOXHVDUHUHFRPPHQGHGIRUEXLOGLQJV
g

0

g

0

5HVLVWDQFHRIFURVVVHFWLRQV

6HHRI(1

%XFNOLQJUHVLVWDQFHRIPHPEHUV

&RPSUHVVLRQPHPEHUV

6HHRI(1

127()RUHODVWLFEXFNOLQJRIFRPSRQHQWVRIEXLOGLQJVWUXFWXUHVVHH$QQH[%

/DWHUDOWRUVLRQDOEXFNOLQJRIEHDPV

6HHRI(1

0HPEHUV ZLWK ODWHUDO UHVWUDLQW WR WKH FRPSUHVVLRQ IODQJH DUH QRW VXVFHSWLEOH WR ODWHUDOWRUVLRQDO

EXFNOLQJ LI WKH OHQJWK /

F

EHWZHHQ UHVWUDLQWV FRUUHVSRQGLQJ WR WKH VOHQGHUQHVV

I

l

RI WKH HTXLYDOHQW

FRPSUHVVLRQIODQJHVDWLVILHV

(G

\

5G

F

F

]

I

F

F

I

0

0

L

/

N

l

ˆ

l

=

l

ZKHUH 0

\(G

LVWKHPD[LPXPGHVLJQYDOXHRIWKHEHQGLQJPRPHQWZLWKLQWKHUHVWUDLQWVSDFLQJ

0

\

\

5G

F

I

:

0

g

=

:

\

LVWKHDSSURSULDWHVHFWLRQPRGXOXVRIWKHFRPSUHVVLRQIODQJH

N

F

LVDVOHQGHUQHVVFRUUHFWLRQIDFWRUIRUPRPHQWGLVWULEXWLRQEHWZHHQUHVWUDLQWVVHH7DEOH

L

I]

LVWKHUDGLXVRIJ\UDWLRQRIWKHFRPSUHVVLRQIODQJHDERXWWKHPLQRUD[LVRIWKHVHFWLRQLQFOXGLQJ

RIWKHFRPSUHVVHGSDUWRIWKHZHEDUHD

F

l

LVWKHVOHQGHUQHVVOLPLWIRUWKHHTXLYDOHQWFRPSUHVVLRQHOHPHQW

e

=

p

=

l

I

(

\

\

I

=

e

I

\

LQ1PP

background image

3DJH

)LQDOGUDIW

SU(1

0D\

127(L

I]

PD\EHWDNHQDVWKHUDGLXVRIJ\UDWLRQDERXWWKHPLQRUD[LVRIWKHVHFWLRQL

]

F

Z

HII

I

HII

I

HII

]

I

$

$

,

L

+

=

IRU&ODVVFURVVVHFWLRQV

ZKHUH ,

HIII

LVWKHHIIHFWLYHVHFRQGPRPHQWRIDUHDRIWKHFRPSUHVVLRQIODQJHDERXWWKHPLQRUD[LVRI

WKHVHFWLRQ
$

HIII

LVWKHHIIHFWLYHDUHDVRIWKHIODQJH

$

HIIZF

LVWKHHIIHFWLYHDUHDVRIWKHFRPSUHVVHGZHE

DQG

$

HIIZF

$

HIIZ

127( 7KH VOHQGHUQHVV OLPLW

F

l

PD\ EH JLYHQ LQ WKH 1DWLRQDO $QQH[ $ OLPLW YDOXH

/7

F

+

l

=

l

LVUHFRPPHQGHGVHH(1

7DEOH&RUUHFWLRQIDFWRUVN

F

IRUFODVVDQGVHFWLRQV

FODVV

VHFWLRQV

FODVVVHFWLRQV

VKDSHRIPRPHQWGLVWULEXWLRQ

N

F

N

F

y

ˆyˆ

y

-

y

-

127()RU&ODVVFURVVVHFWLRQVN

F

,IWKHVOHQGHUQHVVRIWKHFRPSUHVVLRQIODQJH

I

l

H[FHHGVWKHOLPLWJLYHQLQWKHGHVLJQEXFNOLQJ

UHVLVWDQFHPRPHQWPD\EHWDNHQDV

5G

F

I

5G

E

0

N

0

c

=

l

EXW

5G

F

5G

E

0

0

ˆ

ZKHUH

c

LVWKHUHGXFWLRQIDFWRURIWKHHTXLYDOHQWFRPSUHVVLRQIODQJHGHWHUPLQHGZLWK

I

l

VHH

l

I

N

LVWKHPRGLILFDWLRQIDFWRUDFFRXQWLQJIRUWKHFRQVHUYDWLVPRIWKHHTXLYDOHQWFRPSUHVVLRQIODQJH
PHWKRG

127( 7KH PRGLILFDWLRQ IDFWRU PD\ EH JLYHQ LQ WKH 1DWLRQDO $QQH[ $ YDOXH

N

I

=

l

LV

UHFRPPHQGHG

background image

)LQDOGUDIW

3DJH

0D\

SU(1

7KHEXFNOLQJFXUYHVWREHXVHGLQVKRXOGEHWDNHQDVIROORZV

FXUYHGIRUZHOGHGVHFWLRQVSURYLGHGWKDW

e

ˆ

W

K

I

FXUYHFIRUDOORWKHUVHFWLRQV
ZKHUH K LVWKHRYHUDOOGHSWKRIWKHFURVVVHFWLRQ

W LVWKHWKLFNQHVVRIWKHFRPSUHVVLRQIODQJH

127()RUODWHUDOWRUVLRQDOEXFNOLQJRIFRPSRQHQWVRIEXLOGLQJVWUXFWXUHVVHHDOVR$QQH[%

/DWHUDOWRUVLRQDOEXFNOLQJRIIUDPHV

*HQHUDOPHWKRG

6HHRI(1

/DWHUDOWRUVLRQDOEXFNOLQJRISRUWDOIUDPHVZLWKSODVWLFGHVLJQ

*HQHUDO

3RUWDOIUDPHVPD\EHGHVLJQHGZLWKSODVWLFDQDO\VLVSURYLGHGODWHUDOWRUVLRQDOEXFNOLQJRIWKHIUDPHLV

SUHYHQWHGE\WKHIROORZLQJPHDQV
D UHVWUDLQWVDW³URWDWHG´SODVWLFKLQJHVVHHRI(1
E YHULILFDWLRQRIVWDEOHOHQJWKRIVHJPHQWEHWZHHQVXFKUHVWUDLQWVDQGRWKHUODWHUDOUHVWUDLQWV

:KHUH LW FDQ EH GHPRQVWUDWHG WKDW XQGHU DOO XOWLPDWH VWDWH ORDG FRPELQDWLRQV WKH SODVWLF KLQJH LV

³QRQURWDWHG´EHFDXVHXQGHUWKDWORDGFRPELQDWLRQLWLVWKHODVWKLQJHWRIRUPRULWLVQRW\HWIXOO\IRUPHGQR

UHVWUDLQWVDUHQHFHVVDU\WRREWDLQVWDEOHOHQJWKVRIVHJPHQW

5HVWUDLQWVDWURWDWHGSODVWLFKLQJHV

8QGHU DOO XOWLPDWH OLPLW VWDWH ORDG FRPELQDWLRQV ERWK IODQJHV VKRXOG KDYH ODWHUDO UHVWUDLQW DW HDFK

URWDWHGSODVWLFKLQJHORFDWLRQGHVLJQHGWRUHVLVWDIRUFHHTXDOWRRIWKHIRUFHLQWKHFRPSUHVVLRQIODQJH

:KHUH LW LV QRW SUDFWLFDEOH WR SURYLGH VXFK UHVWUDLQW GLUHFWO\ DW WKH KLQJH ORFDWLRQ LW VKRXOG EH SURYLGHG

ZLWKLQ D GLVWDQFH K DORQJ WKH OHQJWK RI WKH PHPEHU ZKHUH K LV LWV RYHUDOO GHSWK DW WKH SODVWLF KLQJH

ORFDWLRQ

9HULILFDWLRQRIVWDEOHOHQJWKRIVHJPHQW

7KHODWHUDOWRUVLRQDOEXFNOLQJYHULILFDWLRQRIXQLIRUPVHJPHQWVWRGHWHUPLQHWKHVWDEOHOHQJWKPD\EH

SHUIRUPHGDFFRUGLQJWR)RUQRQXQLIRUPVHJPHQWVVHHRI(1

:KHUH D SODVWLF KLQJH ORFDWLRQ RFFXUV LPPHGLDWHO\ DGMDFHQW WR RQH HQG RI D KDXQFK WKH WDSHUHG

VHJPHQWQHHGQRWEHWUHDWHGDVDVHJPHQWDGMDFHQWWRDSODVWLFKLQJHORFDWLRQLIWKHIROORZLQJFULWHULDDUH

VDWLVILHG
)RUWKUHHIODQJHKDXQFKHV

D WKHUHVWUDLQWDWWKHSODVWLFKLQJHORFDWLRQVKRXOGEHZLWKLQDGLVWDQFHKDORQJWKHOHQJWKRIWKHWDSHUHG

VHJPHQWQRWWKHXQLIRUPVHJPHQW

E WKHKDXQFKUHPDLQVHODVWLFWKURXJKRXWLWVOHQJWK

)RUWZRIODQJHKDXQFKHV

D WKHPRPHQWDWWKHODWHUDOUHVWUDLQWGRHVQRWH[FHHGRIWKHSODVWLFPRPHQWUHVLVWDQFHUHGXFHGWR

DOORZIRUD[LDOORDGLQWKHPHPEHU

background image

3DJH

)LQDOGUDIW

SU(1

0D\

E WKHOHQJWK/

\

WRWKHDGMDFHQWODWHUDOUHVWUDLQWWRWKHFRPSUHVVLRQIODQJHGRHVQRWH[FHHGRIWKH

OLPLWLQJOHQJWK

%HQGLQJDQGD[LDOFRPSUHVVLRQ

6HHRI(1

%XLOWXSFRPSUHVVLRQPHPEHUV

6HHRI(1

%XFNOLQJRISODWHV

)RUEXFNOLQJRISODWHVWKHUXOHVLQ(1VKRXOGEHDSSOLHG

6HUYLFHDELOLW\OLPLWVWDWHV

*HQHUDO

6HHRI(1

6HUYLFHDELOLW\OLPLWVWDWHVIRUEXLOGLQJV

*HQHUDO

:LWKUHIHUHQFHWR(1±$QQH[$±)LJXUH$OLPLWVIRUYHUWLFDOGHIOHFWLRQVVKRXOGEH

DJUHHG

127(7KH1DWLRQDO$QQH[PD\VSHFLI\WKHOLPLWV

5HFRPPHQGDWLRQVIRUKRUL]RQWDOGHIOHFWLRQV

:LWKUHIHUHQFHWR(1±$QQH[$±)LJXUH$OLPLWVIRUKRUL]RQWDOGHIOHFWLRQVVKRXOGEH

DJUHHG

127(7KH1DWLRQDO$QQH[PD\VSHFLI\WKHOLPLWV

'\QDPLFHIIHFWV

7KH YLEUDWLRQV RI VWUXFWXUH RQ ZKLFK WKH SXEOLF FDQ ZDON VKRXOG EH OLPLWHG WR DYRLG VLJQLILFDQW

GLVFRPIRUWWRXVHUV

127(7KH1DWLRQDO$QQH[PD\VSHFLI\OLPLWVIRUYLEUDWLRQRIIORRUV

)DVWHQHUVZHOGVFRQQHFWLRQVDQG'HVLJQRIMRLQWV

)RUWKHGHVLJQRIIDVWHQHUVZHOGVFRQQHFWLRQVDQGMRLQWVVHH(1

background image

)LQDOGUDIW

3DJH

0D\

SU(1

$QQH[$>LQIRUPDWLYH@±$GGLWLRQDOGHVLJQSURYLVLRQV

$ 6WUXFWXUDODQDO\VLVWDNLQJDFFRXQWRIPDWHULDOQRQOLQHDULWLHV

,QFDVHRIPDWHULDOQRQOLQHDULWLHVWKHDFWLRQHIIHFWVLQDVWUXFWXUHPD\EHGHWHUPLQHGE\LQFUHPHQWDO

DSSURDFKWRWKHGHVLJQORDGVWREHFRQVLGHUHGIRUWKHUHOHYDQWGHVLJQVLWXDWLRQ

,QWKLVLQFUHPHQWDODSSURDFKHDFKSHUPDQHQWDQGYDULDEOHDFWLRQVKRXOGEHLQFUHDVHGSURSRUWLRQDOO\

$ 6LPSOLILHGSURYLVLRQVIRUWKHGHVLJQRIFRQWLQXRXVIORRUEHDPV

)RUFRQWLQXRXVEHDPVZLWKVODEVLQEXLOGLQJVZLWKRXWFDQWLOHYHUVRQZKLFKXQLIRUPO\GLVWULEXWHGORDGV

DUHGRPLQDQWLWZLOOEHVXIILFLHQWWRFRQVLGHURQO\WKHIROORZLQJORDGDUUDQJHPHQWV
D DOWHUQDWLYHVSDQVFDUU\LQJWKHGHVLJQSHUPDQHQWDQGYDULDEOHORDGg

*

*

N

g

4

4

N

RWKHUVSDQVFDUU\LQJ

RQO\WKHGHVLJQSHUPDQHQWORDGg

*

*

N

E DQ\WZRDGMDFHQWVSDQVFDUU\LQJWKHGHVLJQSHUPDQHQWDQGYDULDEOHORDGVg

*

*

N

g

4

4

N

DOORWKHUVSDQV

FDUU\LQJRQO\WKHGHVLJQSHUPDQHQWORDGg

*

*

N

127(DDSSOLHVWRVDJJLQJPRPHQWVEWRKRJJLQJPRPHQWV

127(7KLVDQQH[LVLQWHQGHGWREHWUDQVIHUUHGWR(1LQDODWHUVWDJH

background image

3DJH

)LQDOGUDIW

SU(1

0D\

$QQH[%>LQIRUPDWLYH@±%XFNOLQJRIFRPSRQHQWVRIEXLOGLQJVWUXFWXUHV

% )OH[XUDOEXFNOLQJRIFROXPQVLQIUDPHVZLWKULJLGFRQQHFWLRQV

7KHEXFNOLQJOHQJWK/

FU

RIDFROXPQLQDQRQVZD\PRGHPD\EHREWDLQHGIURP)LJXUH%

7KHEXFNOLQJOHQJWK/

FU

RIDFROXPQLQDVZD\PRGHPD\EHREWDLQHGIURP)LJXUH%

,I XVHG IRU VLQJOH SRUWDO IUDPHV LQ ZKLFK WKH ORDGLQJ LV FDUULHG E\ EHQGLQJ RI WKH UDIWHUV WKHVH

IRUPXODH GR QRW FRQVLGHU WKH GHVWDELOLVLQJ HIIHFW RI WKH D[LDO FRPSUHVVLRQ LQ WKH UDIWHUV :KHUH WKH

VSDQFROXPQ KHLJKW LV JUHDWHU WKDQ WKLV FDXVHV D VLJQLILFDQW UHGXFWLRQ LQ FDSDFLW\ RI WKH IUDPH GXH WR

VHFRQGRUGHUHIIHFWV

)LJXUH%%XFNOLQJOHQJWKUDWLRb /

FU

/IRUDFROXPQLQDQRQVZD\PRGH

background image

)LQDOGUDIW

3DJH

0D\

SU(1

)LJXUH%%XFNOLQJOHQJWKUDWLRb /

FU

/IRUDFROXPQLQDVZD\PRGH

% )OH[XUDOEXFNOLQJRIPHPEHUVLQWULDQJXODWHGDQGODWWLFHVWUXFWXUHV

% *HQHUDO

)RUFKRUGPHPEHUVJHQHUDOO\DQGIRURXWRISODQHEXFNOLQJRIZHEPHPEHUVWKHEXFNOLQJOHQJWK/

FU

PD\EHWDNHQDVHTXDOWRWKHV\VWHPOHQJWK/XQOHVVDVPDOOHUYDOXHLVMXVWLILHGE\DQDO\VLV

127(,QKROORZVHFWLRQODWWLFHGJLUGHUVZHEPHPEHUVDUHEUDFHGPHPEHUV

:HEPHPEHUVPD\EHGHVLJQHGIRULQSODQHEXFNOLQJXVLQJDEXFNOLQJOHQJWKVPDOOHUWKDQWKHV\VWHP

OHQJWK SURYLGHG WKH FKRUGV VXSSO\ DSSURSULDWH HQG UHVWUDLQW DQG WKH HQG FRQQHFWLRQV VXSSO\ DSSURSULDWH

IL[LW\DWOHDVWEROWVLIEROWHG

8QGHUWKHVHFRQGLWLRQVLQQRUPDOWULDQJXODWHGVWUXFWXUHVWKHEXFNOLQJOHQJWK/

FU

RIZHEPHPEHUVIRU

LQSODQHEXFNOLQJPD\EHWDNHQDV/H[FHSWIRUDQJOHVHFWLRQVVHH%

background image

3DJH

)LQDOGUDIW

SU(1

0D\

% $QJOHVDVZHEPHPEHUV

3URYLGHGWKDWWKHFKRUGVVXSSO\DSSURSULDWHHQGUHVWUDLQWWRZHEPHPEHUVPDGHRIDQJOHVDQGWKHHQG

FRQQHFWLRQVRIVXFKZHEPHPEHUVVXSSO\DSSURSULDWHIL[LW\DWOHDVWWZREROWVLIEROWHGWKHHFFHQWULFLWLHV

PD\EHQHJOHFWHGDQGHQGIL[LWLHVDOORZHGIRULQWKHGHVLJQRIDQJOHVDVZHEPHPEHUVLQFRPSUHVVLRQ7KH

HIIHFWLYHVOHQGHUQHVVUDWLR`l

HII

PD\EHREWDLQHGDVIROORZV

Y

Y

HII

l

+

=

l

IRUEXFNOLQJDERXWYYD[LV

\

\

HII

l

+

=

l

IRUEXFNOLQJDERXW\\D[LV

%

]

]

HII

l

+

=

l

IRUEXFNOLQJDERXW]]D[LV

ZKHUH`lLVDVGHILQHGLQ(1

:KHQ RQO\ VLQJOH EROWV DUH XVHG IRU HQG FRQQHFWLRQV RI DQJOH ZHE PHPEHUV RU ZKHQ WKH HQG

FRQQHFWLRQ KDV SRRU VWLIIQHVV WKH HFFHQWULFLW\ VKRXOG EH WDNHQ LQWR DFFRXQW XVLQJ (1 DQG WKH

EXFNOLQJOHQJWK/

FU

VKRXOGEHWDNHQDVHTXDOWRWKHV\VWHPOHQJWK/

% +ROORZVHFWLRQVDVPHPEHUV

7KHEXFNOLQJOHQJWK/

FU

RIDKROORZVHFWLRQFKRUGPHPEHUPD\EHWDNHQDV/IRUERWKLQSODQHDQG

RXWRISODQHEXFNOLQJZKHUH/LVWKHV\VWHPOHQJWKIRUWKHUHOHYDQWSODQH7KHLQSODQHV\VWHPOHQJWKLVWKH

GLVWDQFH EHWZHHQ WKH MRLQWV 7KH RXWRISODQH V\VWHP OHQJWK LV WKH GLVWDQFH EHWZHHQ WKH ODWHUDO VXSSRUWV

XQOHVVDVPDOOHUYDOXHLVMXVWLILHGE\DQDO\VLV

7KHEXFNOLQJOHQJWK/

FU

RIDQ,RU+VHFWLRQFKRUGPHPEHUPD\EHWDNHQDV/IRULQSODQHEXFNOLQJ

DQG/IRURXWRISODQHEXFNOLQJXQOHVVDVPDOOHUYDOXHLVMXVWLILHGE\DQDO\VLV

7KHEXFNOLQJOHQJWK/

FU

RIDKROORZVHFWLRQEUDFHPHPEHUZLWKEROWHGFRQQHFWLRQVPD\EHWDNHQDV

/IRUERWKLQSODQHDQGRXWRISODQHEXFNOLQJ

7KH EXFNOLQJ OHQJWK /

FU

RI D KROORZ VHFWLRQ EUDFH PHPEHU ZLWKRXW FURSSLQJ RU IODWWHQLQJ ZHOGHG

DURXQGLWVSHULPHWHUWRKROORZVHFWLRQFKRUGVPD\JHQHUDOO\EHWDNHQDV/IRUERWKLQSODQHDQG

RXWRISODQHEXFNOLQJXQOHVVVPDOOHUYDOXHVPD\EHMXVWLILHGE\WHVWVRUE\FDOFXODWLRQV)RUEUDFHWRFKRUGV

GLDPHWHU RU ZLGWK UDWLRV OHVV WKDQ WKH EXFNOLQJ OHQJWK PD\ DOWHUQDWLYHO\ EH GHWHUPLQHG E\ XVLQJ WKH

H[SUHVVLRQVJLYHQLQ)LJXUH%

% 0LQLPXPUHVWUDLQWVDORQJFROXPQVDQGEHDPV

% /DWHUDOUHVWUDLQWV

,IWUDSH]RLGDOVKHHWLQJDFFRUGLQJWR(1LVFRQQHFWHGWRDEHDPDQGWKHFRQGLWLRQH[SUHVVHG

E\HTXDWLRQ%LVPHWWKHEHDPDWWKHFRQQHFWLRQPD\EHUHJDUGHGDVEHLQJ ODWHUDOO\ UHVWUDLQHG LQ WKH

SODQHRIWKHVKHHWLQJ

]

W

Z

K

K

O

(,

*,

O

(,

6

ÜÜÝ

Û

ÌÌÍ

Ë

p

+

+

p

˜

%

ZKHUH

6

LVWKHSRUWLRQRIWKHVKHDUVWLIIQHVVSURYLGHGE\WKHVKHHWLQJIRUWKHH[DPLQHGEHDPFRQQHFWHG

WRWKHVKHHWLQJDWHDFKULE

Z

,

LVWKHZDUSLQJFRQVWDQW

W

,

LVWKHWRUVLRQFRQVWDQW

background image

)LQDOGUDIW

3DJH

0D\

SU(1

]

,

LVWKHVHFRQGPRPHQWRIDUHDRIWKHFURVVVHFWLRQDERXWWKHPLQRUD[LVRIWKHFURVVVHFWLRQ

,IWKHVKHHWLQJLVFRQQHFWHGWRDEHDPDWHYHU\VHFRQGULERQO\

6

VKRXOGEHVXEVWLWXWHGE\

6

¼

127( (T % PD\ DOVR EH XVHG WR GHWHUPLQH WKH ODWHUDO VWDELOLW\ RI EHDP IODQJHV XVHG LQ

FRPELQDWLRQZLWKRWKHUW\SHVRIFODGGLQJWKDQWUDSH]RLGDOVKHHWLQJSURYLGHGWKDWWKHFRQQHFWLRQVDUH

RIVXLWDEOHGHVLJQ

% 7RUVLRQDOUHVWUDLQW

$IUDPHPHPEHUPD\EHFRQVLGHUHGDVVXIILFLHQWO\UHVWUDLQWIURPURWDWLRQDOGHIRUPDWLRQVLI

u

J

J

>

.

.

(,

0

&

]

N

SO

N

%

ZKHUH &

JN

URWDWLRQDOVWLIIQHVVRIWKHURRIVWUXFWXUH

. IRUHODVWLFDQDO\VLVDSSOLFDEOHIRUHODVWLFDQDO\VLVPHWKRGV
. IRUSODVWLFDQDO\VLV
.

J

IDFWRUIRUFRQVLGHULQJWKHPRPHQWGLVWULEXWLRQVHH7DEOH%DQGWKHW\SHRIUHVWUDLQW

7DEOH%)DFWRU.

J

IRUFRQVLGHULQJWKHPRPHQWGLVWULEXWLRQDQGWKHW\SHRI

UHVWUDLQW

&DVH

0RPHQWGLVWULEXWLRQ

ZLWKRXW

WUDQVODWLRQDO

UHVWUDLQW

ZLWK

WUDQVODWLRQDO

UHVWUDLQW

0

D

0

0

E

0

0

0

0

0

0

R0

R#

7KHURWDWLRQDOVWLIIQHVVRIWKHURRIVWUXFWXUHPD\EHFDOFXODWHGIURP

N

'

N

&

N

5

N

&

&

&

&

J

J

J

J

+

+

=

%

ZKHUH &

J5N

URWDWLRQDOVWLIIQHVVRIWKHURRIVWUXFWXUHDVVXPLQJDVWLIIFRQQHFWLRQWRWKHPHPEHU

&

J&N

URWDWLRQDOVWLIIQHVVRIFRQQHFWLRQEHWZHHQWKHPHPEHUDQGWKHURRIVWUXFWXUH

&

J'N

URWDWLRQDOVWLIIQHVVGXHWRGLVWRUVLRQDOGHIRUPDWLRQVRIWKHPHPEHU

background image

3DJH

)LQDOGUDIW

SU(1

0D\

% 6WDEOH OHQJWKV RI VHJPHQW FRQWDLQLQJ SODVWLF KLQJHV IRU RXWRISODQH

EXFNOLQJ

% 8QLIRUPPHPEHUVPDGHRIUROOHGVHFWLRQVZLWKELV\PPHWULF,VHFWLRQV

% 6WDEOHOHQJWKVEHWZHHQDGMDFHQWODWHUDOUHVWUDLQWV

7KHOHQJWK/EHWZHHQUHVWUDLQWVRIDVHJPHQWRIDPHPEHUFRQWDLQLQJDSODVWLFKLQJHFDQGHYHORSIXOO

SODVWLFDFWLRQLI/LVQRWJUHDWHUWKDQ/

P

ZKHUH

\

W

SO

(G

]

P

I

$,

:

&

$

1

L

/

ÜÜÝ

Û

ÌÌÍ

Ë

Ü

Ü
Ý

Û

Ì

Ì
Í

Ë

+

Ü

Ý

Û

Ì

Í

Ë

=

%

SURYLGHGWKDWWKHPHPEHULVUHVWUDLQHGDWWKHKLQJHDVUHTXLUHGE\(1DQGWKDW

±

HLWKHUWKHUHDUHODWHUDOUHVWUDLQWVDWERWKHQGVRIWKHVHJPHQWWRWKHFRPSUHVVLRQIODQJHZKHUHRQHIODQJH

LVLQFRPSUHVVLRQWKURXJKRXWWKHOHQJWKRIWKHVHJPHQW

±

RUWKHUHDUHODWHUDOUHVWUDLQWVDWERWKHQGVRIWKHVHJPHQWDQG DWRUVLRQDO UHVWUDLQWWR WKH PHPEHU DW D

GLVWDQFHWKDWVDWLVILHVWKHUHTXLUHPHQWVIRU/

V

)RUWDSHUHG,VHFWLRQVZLWKXQLIRUPIODQJHV/

P

PD\EHFDOFXODWHGXVLQJWKHVHFWLRQSURSHUWLHVRIWKH

GHHSHVWVHFWLRQ

% 6WDEOHOHQJWKEHWZHHQWRUVLRQDOUHVWUDLQWV

)RUPHPEHUVXQGHUFRQVWDQWPRPHQWDQGQRD[LDOFRPSUHVVLRQDVHJPHQWRIDPHPEHUFRQWDLQLQJD

SODVWLFKLQJHFDQGHYHORSIXOOSODVWLFDFWLRQLI/LVQRWJUHDWHUWKDQ/

N

SURYLGHGWKDW

±

WKHPHPEHULVUHVWUDLQHGDWWKHKLQJHDVUHTXLUHGE\(1

±

WKHUHDUHRQHRUPRUHLQWHUPHGLDWHUHVWUDLQWVEHWZHHQWKHWRUVLRQDOUHVWUDLQWVDWDVSDFLQJWKDWVDWLVILHVWKH

UHTXLUHPHQWVIRU/

P

ZKHUH

W

K

(

I

L

W

K

(

I

/

I

\

]

I

\

N

-

ÜÜÝ

Û

ÌÌÍ

Ë

ÜÜÝ

Û

ÌÌÍ

Ë

ÜÜÝ

Û

ÌÌÍ

Ë

ÜÜÝ

Û

ÌÌÍ

Ë

+

=

%

background image

)LQDOGUDIW

3DJH

0D\

SU(1

)RUPHPEHUVXQGHUOLQHDUPRPHQWJUDGLHQWDQGD[LDOFRPSUHVVLRQDVHJPHQWRIDPHPEHUFRQWDLQLQJ

DSODVWLFKLQJHFDQGHYHORSIXOOSODVWLFDFWLRQLI/LVQRWJUHDWHUWKDQ/

V

SURYLGHGWKDW

±

WKHPHPEHULVUHVWUDLQHGDWWKHKLQJHDVUHTXLUHGE\(1

±

WKHUHDUHRQHRUPRUHLQWHUPHGLDWHUHVWUDLQWVEHWZHHQWKHWRUVLRQDOUHVWUDLQWVDWDVSDFLQJWKDWVDWLVILHVWKH

UHTXLUHPHQWVIRU/

P

ZKHUH

Ü

Ü
Ý

Û

Ì

Ì
Í

Ë

+

=

(G

5N

1

SO

5N

SO

N

P

V

D1

0

0

/

&

/

%

&

P

LVWKHPRGLILFDWLRQIDFWRUIRUOLQHDUPRPHQWJUDGLHQW

D

LV WKH GLVWDQFH EHWZHHQ WKH FHQWURLG RI WKH PHPEHU ZLWK WKH SODVWLF KLQJH DQG WKH FHQWURLG RI WKH

UHVWUDLQWPHPEHUV

)RU PHPEHUV XQGHU QRQOLQHDU PRPHQW JUDGLHQW DQG D[LDO FRPSUHVVLRQ D VHJPHQW RI D PHPEHU

FRQWDLQLQJDSODVWLFKLQJHFDQGHYHORSIXOOSODVWLFDFWLRQLI/LVQRWJUHDWHUWKDQ/

V

SURYLGHGWKDW

±

WKHPHPEHULVUHVWUDLQHGDWWKHKLQJHDVUHTXLUHGE\(1

±

WKHUHDUHRQHRUPRUHLQWHUPHGLDWHUHVWUDLQWVEHWZHHQWKHWRUVLRQDOUHVWUDLQWVDWDVSDFLQJWKDWVDWLVILHVWKH

UHTXLUHPHQWVIRU/

P

ZKHUH

N

Q

V

/

&

/ =

%

&

Q

LVWKHPRGLILFDWLRQIDFWRUIRUQRQOLQHDUPRPHQWJUDGLHQWVHH%

% +DXQFKHGRUWDSHUHGPHPEHUV

)RUXQLIRUPPHPEHUVXQGHUOLQHDURUQRQOLQHDUPRPHQWJUDGLHQWDQGD[LDOFRPSUHVVLRQDVHJPHQWRI

DPHPEHUFRQWDLQLQJDSODVWLFKLQJHFDQGHYHORSIXOOSODVWLFDFWLRQLI/LVQRWJUHDWHUWKDQ/

V

SURYLGHGWKDW

±

WKHPHPEHULVUHVWUDLQHGDWWKHKLQJHDVUHTXLUHGE\(1

±

WKHUHDUHRQHRUPRUHLQWHUPHGLDWHUHVWUDLQWVEHWZHHQWKHWRUVLRQDOUHVWUDLQWVDWDVSDFLQJWKDWVDWLVILHVWKH

UHTXLUHPHQWVIRU/

P

ZKHUH

F

/

&

/

N

Q

V

=

%

/

N

LVWKHOHQJWKGHULYHGIRUDXQLIRUPPHPEHUZLWKDFURVVVHFWLRQHTXDOWRWKHVKDOORZHVWVHFWLRQ

F

LVWKHWDSHUIDFWRUGHILQHGLQ%

background image

3DJH

)LQDOGUDIW

SU(1

0D\

% 0RGLILFDWLRQIDFWRUVIRUPRPHQWJUDGLHQWVLQPHPEHUVUHVWUDLQHGDORQJWKHWHQVLRQ

IODQJH

% /LQHDUPRPHQWJUDGLHQWV

7KHPRGLILFDWLRQIDFWRU&PPD\EHGHWHUPLQHGIURP

W

W

P

%

%

%

&

b

+

b

+

=

%

LQZKLFK

ÜÜÝ

Û

ÌÌÍ

Ë

+

ÜÜÝ

Û

ÌÌÍ

Ë

+

=

FU7

FU(

FU7

FU(

1

1

1

1

%

FU7

FU(

FU7

FU(

1

1

1

1

%

+

p

=

ÜÜÝ

Û

ÌÌÍ

Ë

+

-

p

+

=

FU7

FU(

FU7

FU(

1

1

1

1

%

W

]

FU(

/

(,

1

p

=

W

/

LVWKHGLVWDQFHEHWZHHQWKHWRUVLRQDOUHVWUDLQWV

Ü

Ü

Ý

Û

Ì

Ì

Í

Ë

+

p

+

p

=

W

W

Z

W

]

V

FU7

*,

/

(,

/

D

(,

L

1

ZKLFK LV WKH HODVWLF FULWLFDO EXFNOLQJ IRUFH IRU DQ ,VHFWLRQ

EHWZHHQUHVWUDLQWVWRERWKIODQJHVDWVSDFLQJ/WZLWKLQWHUPHGLDWH

ODWHUDOUHVWUDLQWVWRWKHWHQVLRQIODQJH

]

\

V

D

L

L

L

+

+

=

ZKHUH
D LVWKHGLVWDQFHEHWZHHQWKHFHQWURLGRIWKHPHPEHUDQGWKHFHQWURLGRIWKHUHVWUDLQLQJPHPEHUVVXFKDV

UDIWHUV

background image

)LQDOGUDIW

3DJH

0D\

SU(1

% 1RQOLQHDUPRPHQWJUDGLHQWV

7KHPRGLILFDWLRQIDFWRU&

Q

PD\EHGHWHUPLQHGIURP

(

)

[

]

(

6

Q

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

&

-

+

+

+

+

+

=

%

LQZKLFK5

WR5

DUHWKHYDOXHVRI5DFFRUGLQJWRDWWKHHQGVTXDUWHUSRLQWVDQGPLGOHQJWKVHH)LJXUH

%DQGRQO\SRVLWLYHYDOXHVRI5VKRXOGEHLQFOXGHG

,QDGGLWLRQRQO\SRVLWLYHYDOXHVRI5

6

±5

(

VKRXOGEHLQFOXGHGZKHUH

±

5

(

LVWKHJUHDWHURI5

RU5

±

5

V

LVWKHPD[LPXPYDOXHRI5DQ\ZKHUHLQWKHOHQJWK/

\

5

5

5

5

5

5

(

5

6

5

(

5

(

5

5

5

5

5

5

6

(

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

6

5

5

5

5

5

5

(

5

6

)LJXUH%0RPHQWUDWLRV

:KHUHFKHFNLQJWKHODWHUDOUHVLVWDQFHDFFRUGLQJWR(1WKHYDOXHRI5VKRXOGEHREWDLQHG

IURP

F

\

\

(G

(G

\

:

I

1

D

0

5

+

=

%

ZKHUH :

\F

LVHLWKHUWKHHODVWLFPRGXOXVRIWKHVHFWLRQ:

\HOF

RUWKHSODVWLFPRGXOXVRIWKHVHFWLRQ:

\SOF

IRUFDOFXODWLQJWKHFRPSUHVVLYHVWUHVVIURPPDMRUD[LVPRPHQWV

D

LV WKH GLVWDQFH EHWZHHQ WKH FHQWURLG RI WKH PHPEHU DQG WKH FHQWURLG RI WKH UHVWUDLQLQJ

PHPEHUVVXFKDVUDIWHUV

background image

3DJH

)LQDOGUDIW

SU(1

0D\

% 7DSHUIDFWRU

)RUDQ,VHFWLRQZLWK'•%DQG[KW

I

•WKHWDSHUIDFWRUFVKRXOGEHREWDLQHGDVIROORZV

±

IRUWDSHUHGPHPEHUVRUVHJPHQWV

PLQ

PD[

I

'

'

W

K

F

ÜÜÝ

Û

ÌÌÍ

Ë

-

-

+

=

%

±

IRUKDXQFKHGPHPEHUVRUVHJPHQWV

\

K

V

K

I

/

/

'

'

W

K

F

ÜÜÝ

Û

ÌÌÍ

Ë

-

+

=

%

ZKHUH %

LVWKHEUHDGWKRIWKHPLQLPXPGHSWKFURVVVHFWLRQ

'

K

LVWKHDGGLWLRQDOGHSWKRIWKHKDXQFKRUWDSHUVHH)LJXUH%

'

PD[

LVWKHPD[LPXPGHSWKRIFURVVVHFWLRQZLWKLQWKHOHQJWK/

\

VHH)LJXUH%

'

PLQ

LVWKHPLQLPXPGHSWKRIFURVVVHFWLRQZLWKLQWKHOHQJWK/

\

VHH)LJXUH%

'

V

LVWKHYHUWLFDOGHSWKRIWKHXQKDXQFKHGVHFWLRQVHH)LJXUH%

/

K

LVWKHOHQJWKRIKDXQFKZLWKLQWKHOHQJWK/

\

VHH)LJXUH%

/

\

LVWKHOHQJWKEHWZHHQSRLQWVDWZKLFKWKHFRPSUHVVLRQIODQJHLVODWHUDOO\UHVWUDLQHG

[ UHVWUDLQW

/

\

'

PLQ

'

PD[

'

K

'

V

/

K

/

\

'

K

'

V

/

K

/

\

D7DSHUHGVHJPHQW

E+DXQFKHGVHJPHQW

F+DXQFKHGVHJPHQW

)LJXUH%'LPHQVLRQVGHILQLQJWDSHUIDFWRU


Wyszukiwarka

Podobne podstrony:
Eurocode 3 Part 1 11 Pren 1993 1 11 (Eng)
Eurocode 3 Part 1,10 prEN 1993 1 10 2003
Eurocode 1 Part 2 prEN 1991 2 2002
Eurocode 1 Part 1,2 prEN 1991 1 2 2002
Eurocode 1 Part 3 prEN 1991 3 2002
Eurocode 4 Part1 2 (ENG) prEN 1994 1 2 (2003 Mai)
Eurocode 3 Part 2 (prEN 1993 2 March 2004)
Eurocode 3 Part 1,5 prEN 1993 1 5 2004 (Juin 2004)
Eurocode 3 Part 3 prEN 1993 3 2001
Eurocode 3 Part 1,9 PrEN 1993 1 9 2003
Eurocode 3 Part 5 prEN 1993 5 (2004 Jul)
Eurocode 3 Part 1,8 prEN 1993 1 8 2003
Eurocode 3 Part 1 11 Pren 1993 1 11 (Eng)
Eurocode 3 Part 1,10 prEN 1993 1 10 2003
Eurocode 3 Part 5 prEN 1993 5 (2004 Jul)
Eurocode 3 Part 3 prEN 1993 3 2001
Eurocode 3 Part 1,9 PrEN 1993 1 9 2003

więcej podobnych podstron