Fundamentals of Die Casting Design

















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































CONTENTS



































































































































CONTENTS





















































































































































CONTENTS











































































































































































Chapter 1. Introduction

















































































































































Section 1.2. Designed/Undesigned Scrap/Cost
breakeven
profits
point
%
maximum
20
profits
23
}
}
0
invesment
cost
{
no
100
0 78 80
~65-75
scrap %
scrap
0
100
%




































































Chapter 1. Introduction






















































































































































Section 1.4. Historical Background








































































































































































Chapter 1. Introduction













































































































































Section 1.5. Numerical Simulations






























































































































































Chapter 1. Introduction















































































































































Section 1.6.  Integral Models
































































































































































Chapter 1. Introduction




































































































































Chapter 2. Basic Fluid Mechanics












































































U

























Section 2.2. What is fluid? Shear streass




















































































































Chapter 2. Basic Fluid Mechanics
















































































































Chapter 3. Dimensional Analysis



















































































































































































Chapter 3. Dimensional Analysis





D1



































































2
D
Section 3.2. The processes in die casting



































































initial
stage
hydralic
jump
H
later
stage
bubles
air
entrainment










Chapter 3. Dimensional Analysis


























































































































































Section 3.2. The processes in die casting
Shot
Sleeve
heat transfer
to the air
process 1
heat transfer
to the sleeve
process 2
Solidification
layer




(liquid)
liquid metal
(solid)
shot sleeve (steel)
insulation



































y
Temperature
y
´
l
Temperature
Chapter 3. Dimensional Analysis




















































































































































Section 3.2. The processes in die casting
liquid
metal
air streaks




















































































Chapter 3. Dimensional Analysis
pressure






































































Section 3.2. The processes in die casting
























































































































Chapter 3. Dimensional Analysis










































































































































Section 3.3. Special topics















































































































Chapter 3. Dimensional Analysis



















































































































































Section 3.4. Estimates of the time scales in die casting










































































































Chapter 3. Dimensional Analysis




































































































































Section 3.4. Estimates of the time scales in die casting











































































































Chapter 3. Dimensional Analysis




































































































































Section 3.4. Estimates of the time scales in die casting

































































































Chapter 3. Dimensional Analysis






































































































































Section 3.5. Similarity applied to Die cavity




































































































Chapter 3. Dimensional Analysis















































































































Section 3.5. Similarity applied to Die cavity












































































































































































Chapter 3. Dimensional Analysis














































































































Section 3.6. Summary of dimensionless numbers





















































































Chapter 3. Dimensional Analysis



































































Section 3.8. Questions













Chapter 3. Dimensional Analysis
12.00
11.00
10.00 "
9.00
8.00 "
"
7.00
6.00
5.00
"
"
4.00
"
3.00
2.00
0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00 9.00 10.00
Time [sec]



almost
still
flow
Transition
thin
zone
boundary
layer
plus
solidification


U1
U1
U2
U2








Re10^3
Section 3.8. Questions
cooling
liquid



D
H
equilibrioum
level
H
K
M












L
Chapter 3. Dimensional Analysis
D
t

























































Chapter 4. Fundamentals of Pipe Flow
1
0.1
0.01
0.001
Air
Crude Oil
0.0001
Hydrogen
1e-05
Mercury
Water
1e-06
1e-07
Velocity[m/sec]
































1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
100 1000 10000
Reynolds Number























Head Loss [meter]
0.00
0.00
0.50
1.00
2.00
4.00
8.00
0.02
0.06
0.12
0.25
0.03
0.01
Loss Coefficient
Section 4.3. A simple flow in a straight conduit
































































Chapter 4. Fundamentals of Pipe Flow



































































































Section 4.4. Typical Components in the Runner andVent Systems

































































cross section



























































¸
R
Chapter 4. Fundamentals of Pipe Flow




















































































































Section 4.5. Putting it all to Together


















































Chapter 4. Fundamentals of Pipe Flow























































































Chapter 5. Flow in Open Channels
g

















































































Flow
y
"
x
d
Section 5.1. Introduction
Y
EL
specific
energy line
Y2
2
specific
thrust line
Y3
3
Y
YC
Y1
1
e, f
























































Chapter 5. Flow in Open Channels


































































































































































































Chapter 6. Runner Design






vents
vents
Mold
i
j
K
º
a
b
Biscuit











































































Section 6.1. Introduction


















































¸
1
¸2





































Chapter 6. Runner Design














































































































Section 6.1. Introduction















































Chapter 6. Runner Design







































Chapter 7. pQ2 Diagram Calculations



































































Section 7.2. The  common pQ2 diagram
gate
mold
3
gate
runner
2
Shot sleeve
1




















































Chapter 7. pQ2 Diagram Calculations
plunger location
liquid metal reaches
to the venting system
starging filling the cavity
liquid metal pressure at the plunger tip
or the hydralic pressure
cavity
filling
Time










































{
Section 7.2. The  common pQ2 diagram





















































































Chapter 7. pQ2 Diagram Calculations
P
2
max
smaller
plunger
2
2
2 A CD
Pmax
2
3
1
Q =
Á
2
Q
max



















































Section 7.2. The  common pQ2 diagram
P Q
max
max
1
<"
2
2
<"D
D
P
P
P
max
Q
max
D
1


































































Chapter 7. pQ2 Diagram Calculations
















































































Section 7.3. The validity of the  common diagram




























P
A





1
Chapter 7. pQ2 Diagram Calculations
Pbar
A3









































Section 7.3. The validity of the  common diagram
P1 Q
1
<"
2
<"DP
DP2
1
<"
DP
P1
u3
Q
D1


















































Chapter 7. pQ2 Diagram Calculations
P1
2
Á
Qmax
2
2
2 A CD
3
Pmax














































Section 7.4. The reformed pQ2 diagram








































































Chapter 7. pQ2 Diagram Calculations





























































































Section 7.4. The reformed pQ2 diagram























































































































Chapter 7. pQ2 Diagram Calculations










































KF
K0
A3














Section 7.4. The reformed pQ2 diagram
















































































Chapter 7. pQ2 Diagram Calculations







gate
mold
3
area
0.01 [m]
gravity
A-A
0.008 [m]
flow direction
L
0.01438 [m]
A A
A2
2
runner
shot
1
entrance
sleeve

















Section 7.4. The reformed pQ2 diagram



































































Chapter 7. pQ2 Diagram Calculations
U3
  common  model
realistic velocity
A3



























































Section 7.4. The reformed pQ2 diagram
pressure
efficiency
power
P
power
·
Q



































































Chapter 7. pQ2 Diagram Calculations
1
0.8
0.6
P
4
0.4
P= 1 - Q
2
P= 1 - Q
0.2 P= 1 - Q
0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
Q









































































Section 7.4. The reformed pQ2 diagram




































atmospheric
PB
2
DR pressure
P1 D1
DB PB1
rode
plunger
hydraulic
piston

















































Chapter 7. pQ2 Diagram Calculations
































































































































Section 7.4. The reformed pQ2 diagram
















































liquid
the moving part of
metal out
the control volume
UP atmospheric
pressure
air flow
in
PB
2
PB1
friction is neglected






















































Chapter 7. pQ2 Diagram Calculations



































































































































































Section 7.4. The reformed pQ2 diagram
U3
  common  model
realistic velocity
A1































































possible max
Chapter 7. pQ2 Diagram Calculations





















































































Section 7.6. The Intensification Consideration


























































































Chapter 7. pQ2 Diagram Calculations


























































































































Chapter 8. Critical Slow Plunger Velocity




































1
vp
vw
2
H
h1
v1
h2
P1
P2
L(t)























Section 8.2. The  common models

























initial height














Chapter 8. Critical Slow Plunger Velocity




1
vw-vp
v=0
2
2R
v1
h1
vw
h2
P1
P2
L(t)





























































































Section 8.2. The  common models



































































































Chapter 8. Critical Slow Plunger Velocity
















































































Section 8.3. The validity of the  common models








































































Chapter 8. Critical Slow Plunger Velocity






















































































Section 8.4. The Reformed Model



















































16.00
..
14.40 momentum
..
.
..
.
12.80 energy
..
.
..
.
..........
.
..
11.20 Miller
..

..


..
9.60 Karni
..
..
..
Fr
8.00 Garber ..
..

.
..
6.40
...

...
...
4.80
..

...
.
...
.
....
3.20
.
...
.

....
.
.
.....
.
.
.
.
1.60 .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. .........
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. ...... .
. . . .
................. . ................
0.00
0.00 0.17 0.33 0.49 0.66 0.83 0.99 1.16 1.32 1.49 1.65
h
2
R











Chapter 8. Critical Slow Plunger Velocity


























































































Section 8.5. Summary





























Chapter 8. Critical Slow Plunger Velocity






























maximum
shrinkage
porosity
porosity
wall thickness




Chapter 9. Venting System Design

























































































Section 9.2. The  common models











































































Chapter 9. Venting System Design


























































































Section 9.4. The Analysis
















































































Chapter 9. Venting System Design





























































































Section 9.5. Results and Discussion















































































































Chapter 9. Venting System Design





















































































































Section 9.5. Results and Discussion


















































































Chapter 9. Venting System Design



























Chapter 10. Clamping Force Calculations






















































Chapter A. What The Establishment s Scientists Say















































































Section A.2. Referee 1 (from hand written notes)
































































Chapter A. What The Establishment s Scientists Say































































































Section A.3. Referee 2





















































































Chapter A. What The Establishment s Scientists Say

























































































































Section A.4. Referee 3
























































































Chapter A. What The Establishment s Scientists Say


































































































Section A.4. Referee 3































































































Chapter A. What The Establishment s Scientists Say



























































































Section A.4. Referee 3


































Chapter A. What The Establishment s Scientists Say


























































Chapter B. My Relationship with Die Casting Establishment






















































































































































Chapter B. My Relationship with Die Casting Establishment





























































Wyszukiwarka

Podobne podstrony:
Fundamnentals of dosimetry based on absorbed dose standards
Engineering Fundamentals of Digital Electronics
Fundamentals of polymer chemistry Warson INCOMPLETE
Fundamentals of RS 232 Serial Communications (app note) WW(1)
SHSpec 215 6211C20 Fundamentals of auditing
[dcpp][Bidemare][Costruzione][Diapo][Eng] Fundamentals of Marine Propulsion Steam power basics
Fundamentals of Analytical Toxicology Robin Whelpton
Concerning the More Certain Fundamentals of Astrology by Johannes Kepler

więcej podobnych podstron