Slajd 1
Kwasy karboksylowe
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Slajd 2
ZwiÄ…zki zawierajÄ…ce ugrupowanie
karbonylowe
kwas karboksylowy ester bezwodnik kwasowy
chlorek acylu bromek acylu amid
halogenek acylu
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Slajd 3
względna reaktywnośc pochodnych kwasów karboksylowych
chlorek acylu bezwodnik ester kwas karboksylowy amid
rosnąca aktywność
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Slajd 4
Kwasy karboksylowe reagują według tego samego
mechanizmu
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Slajd 5
Nazewnictwo kwasów
karboksylowych
nazwa systematyczna:kwas metanowy kwas etanowy kwas propanowy kwas butanowy
nazwa zwyczajowa: kwas mrówkowy kwas octowy kwas propionowy kwas masłowy
kwas pentanowy kwas heksanowy kwas propenowy
kwas walerianowy kwas akrylowy
kwas benzenokarboksylowy
kwas benzoesowy
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Slajd 6
kwas Ä…-chloropropanowy kwas Å‚-aminobutanowy
kwas ²-metylobutanowy
(kwas izowalerianowy)
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Slajd 7
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Slajd 8
Dimery kwasów karboksylowych
stabilizowane wiÄ…zaniem wodorowym
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Slajd 9
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Slajd 10
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Slajd 11
najwięcej najmniej mniej
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Slajd 12
Sole kwasów karboksylowych
mrówczan sodu octan potasu
beznoesan sodu
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Slajd 13
kwas karboksylowy silna zasada sól
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Slajd 14
sól odtworzony kwas
przykład
octan sodu kwas octowy
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Slajd 15
kwas octowy kwas chlorooctowy kwas dichlorooctowy kwas trichlorooctowy
mocniejszy kwas
kwas 4-chlorooctowy kwas 3-chlorooctowy kwas 2-chlorooctowy
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Slajd 16
alkohol alkoholan
kwas karboksylowy
anion karboksylanowy
stabilizacja anionu
karboksylanowego
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energia
Slajd 17
Estry
octan etylu
3-bromobutanonian
propanonian fenylu cykloheksanokarboksylan
metylu
etylu
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Slajd 18
kwas alkohol ester
przykład
kwas ftalowy
ktalan dimetylu
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Slajd 19
Mechanizm estryfikacji katalizowanej
kwasem
protonowany kwas karboksylowy
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Slajd 20
stabilizowane rezonansem ester
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Slajd 21
Aktywowanie kwasów
karboksylowych
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Slajd 22
Otrzymywanie chlorków kwasowych
bezwodnik chlorosiarczanowy
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Slajd 23
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Slajd 24
lub
przykład
chlorek tionylu
kwas oleinowy
chlorek oleilu
chlorek oksalilu
kwas 3-fenylopropanowy
kwas 3-fenylopropanowy
chlorek 3-fenylopropioilu
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Slajd 25
lub
kwas ester
chlorek kwasowy
przykład
kwas benzoesowy chlorek benzoilu benzoesan etylu
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Slajd 26
Estry cykliczne nazywane sÄ…
laktonami
´-kaprolakton ²-butyrylolakton Å‚-butyrylolakton Å‚-kaprolakton
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Slajd 27
kwas diazometan ester metylowy
przykład
kwas cyklobutanokarboksylowy cyklobutanokarboksylan metylu
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Slajd 28
Reakcje estrów
hydroliza
octan metylu kwas octowy
transestryfikacja
benzoesan metylu benzoesan etylu
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Slajd 29
mechanizm hydrolizy estrów katalizowany jonem wodorotlenowym
Ta reakcja jest nieodwracalna
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Slajd 30
aminoliza
propionian etylu N-metylopropionamid
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Slajd 31
TÅ‚uszcze sÄ… triestrami glicerolu
glicerol sól sodowa kwasów tłuszczowych
tłuszcz
mydło
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Slajd 32
Amidy
etanoamid 4-chlorobutanoamid
benzenokarboksyamid
acetamid
benzamid
cis-2-etylocykloheksanokarboksyamid
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Slajd 33
Otrzymywanie amidów
chlorek kwasowy amina amid
przykład
chlorek acetylu metyloamina N-metyloacetamid
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Slajd 34
kwas amina sól amonowa kwasu karboksylowego amid
kwas etyloamina benzoesan etyloamoniowy N-etylobenzamid
benzoesowy
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Slajd 35
Odwodnienie amidów
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Slajd 36
Hydroliza amidów
N-etyloacetamid
N-metylobenzamid
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Slajd 37
Reakcje bezwodników
kwas octowy
octan etylu
bezwodnik octowy
bezwodnik benzoesowy kwas benzoesowy
bezwodnik propionowy N-metylopropionamid
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Slajd 38
mechanizm przekształcenia bezwodnika w ester
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Slajd 39
kwas alkohol
pierwszorzędowy
przykład
kwas fenylooctowy
2-fenyloetanol
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Slajd 40
chlorek aldehyd
kwasowy
przykład
kwas izobutanowy chlorek izobutyrylu aldehyd izobutylowy
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Slajd 41
przykład
kwas benzoesowy propylofenon
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