Prof. Ludmiła A
ucewicz
!" / #!! " "# + XIX . (1856 -1895 33.)
#G51=8:8
1)AB>@8O @CAA:>9 ;8B5@0BC@K %IX 25:0 (40 - 60-5 3>4K), ?>4 @54.
=>H:8=>9 .., @><>2>9 ..: >A:20 2001.
2)AB>@8O @CAA:>9 ;8B5@0BC@K XIX 25:0 70-90-5 3>4K., ?>4 @54.
=>H:8=>9 .., @><>2>9 .., 0B0520 .. >A:20 2001
Podręczniki:
1) Historia literatury rosyjskiej, red. Marian Jakóbiec. T. I-II.
Warszawa 1976.
2) Bogusław Mucha, Historia literatury rosyjskiej. Od początków do
czasów najnowszych, wyd. 2 rozszerzone, Wrocław-Warszawa -
Kraków 2002.
" 1: )/ % " !" -% 1855-1895
!+  !+:
1) !>F80;L=>-8AB>@8G5A:0O A8BC0F8O 2 >AA88 2B>@>9
?>;>28=K XIX 25:0.
2) 1I5AB25==>5 42865=85 2 >AA88 2> 2B>@>9 ?>;>28=5 XIX
25:0.
1) !&,-!" '!/ !"#&/ 1855 - 1895 33.
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7=0G8<>AB8 ?5@8>4 @025= M?>E5 5B@>2A:8E ?@5>1@07>20=89. -B> 2@5<O
>B<5=K 2 >AA88 :@5?>AB=>3> ?@020 8 A5@88 @5D>@<, 70B@03820NI8E 2A5
AB>@>=K >1I5AB25==>9 687=8.  ?5@8>4 A 1855 ?> 1895 33. >AA8O ?5@568;0
A5@L57=K5 8AB>@8G5A:85, ?>;8B8G5A:85, M:>=><8G5A:85, A>F80;L=K5
?@5>1@07>20=8O, :>B>@K5 A:070;8AL =0 ;8B5@0BC@=>< ?@>F5AA5 B>3> 2@5<5=8.
 '+ !+"/
 1853 - 1856 33. >AA8O 25;0 =5C40G=CN @K<A:CN 2>9=C A "C@F859 8 55
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=0E>482H89AO =0 @CAA:>< ?@5AB>;5 30 ;5B - A 1825 3. !>2@5<5==8:8
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>;LH8, 15740@=>3> A0<>45@6F0 1>;LH5 =5BC! 0:>=G8;>AL 30-;5B=.
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?@02;5=8O ;5:A0=4@0 II <=>385 A>2@5<5==8:8 =07K20;8 «A25B;>9
?>;>A>9. -B> 1K;>, 459AB28B5;L=>, 70<5G0B5;L=>5 2@5<O, :>340
3>B>28;8AL 8 ?@>2>48;8AL 402=> =5>1E>48<K5 >AA88 @5D>@<K.
 $ +:
·ð :@5ABLO=A:0O @5D>@<0 1861 (19 D52@0;O >B<5=5=> :@5?>AB=>5 ?@02>),
·ð C=825@A8B5BA:0O @5D>@<0 (@5D>@<0 >1@07>20=8O),
·ð 75<A:0O @5D>@<0 1864,
·ð AC451=0O @5D>@<0 1864,
·ð F5=7C@=0O @5D>@<0 1865,
·ð <>@A:85 @5D>@<K 1850-60 33.,
·ð $8=0=A>2K5 8 M:>=><8G5A:85 @5D>@<K 1860-E 33.
·ð 2>5==K5 @5D>@<K 1860-1870-E 33.
·ð 3>@>4A:0O @5D>@<0 1870,
·ð F5@:>2=K5 @5D>@<K& 8 @O4 4@.
 +   " '/.
>AA8O =0G8=0;0 ?>AB5?5==> 87<5=OBLAO 8 DC=:F8>=8@>20BL ?>-=>2><C.
0<5B=> 0:B82878@>20;0AL >1I5AB25==0O 687=L. =>3> =>2KE 8459 -
A>F80;L=KE, @5;838>7=KE, =0CG=KE, MB8G5A:8E, MAB5B8G5A:8E - ?@>=8:0;>
2 A>7=0=85 A>2@5<5==8:>2. > F0@L 1K; =5?>A;54>20B5;L=K<  B> >=
?@8A;CH820;AO : >??>78F88, B> 8A?>;L7>20; @5?@5AA82=K9 0??0@0B. 
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«%"  & /
·ð 5@2K9 2KAB@5; 2 F0@O ?@>72CG0; 4 0?@5;O 1866 3. (5B=89 A04.
!B@5;O; <8B@89 0@0:>7>2, 24 3., @CAA:89, 87 :@5ABLO=). &0@L
>AB0;AO =52@548<.
·ð 5B>< 1867 3. ?@>72CG0; 2B>@>9 2KAB@5; (878B 2> $@0=F8N.
C;>=A:89 ;5A, 45B8, 0?>;5>= III. !B@5;O; ?>;O: 5@57>2A:89).
·ð 5A=0 1879 3. #B@5==OO ?@>3C;:0. (ABC45=B . !>;>2L52 2K?CAB8;
?OBL ?C;L A @0AAB>O=8O 8 H03>2). &0@L >AB0;AO =52@548<.
·ð A5=L 1879 3. B5@@>@8ABK 87 "0@>4=>9 2>;8" ?>43>B>28;8 420 27@K20
=0 65;57=>9 4>@>35 ?> ?CB8 A;54>20=8O F0@O. >4 >B:>A ?>H5;
?>574 A28BK. &0@L =5 ?>AB@040;.
·ð 5 D52@0;O 1880 3. 27@K2 2 8<=5< 42>@F5 (!. . %0;BC@8= >ACI5AB28;
27@K2), ?>381;8 8 G5;>25:, @0=5=K 45. &0@L, >?>7402H89 : >154C,
CF5;5;.
·ð 1 <0@B0 1881 3. ;5:A0=4@ II >B?@028;AO 2 <0=56 24>;L
:0B5@8=8=A:>3> :0=0;0. "0< @0A?>;>68;8AL B5@@>@8ABK -
<5B0;LI8:8 1><1. 5@20O 1><10 ( KA0:>2) C18;0 42CE :070:>2 8
@515=:0. &0@L ?>4>H5; : C18BK<, ?>A;54>20; 27@K2 2B>@>9 1><1K -
55 1@>A8; ?>4 =>38 B5@@>@8AB (=0@>4>2>;5F . . @8=528F:89),
AB>O2H89 @O4>< A F0@5<. >381;8 >10.
;5:A0=4@ II  ;815@0;, @5D>@<0B>@ 8 >A2>1>48B5;L, 1K; C18B. A5
?>:CH5=8O =0 F0@O ?@>2>F8@>20;8 ?>A;54CNI85 65AB>:85 @5?@5AA88 A>
AB>@>=K ?@028B5;LAB20.
;5:A0=4@ III (1845  1894) 2ABC?8; =0 ?@5AB>; A@07C ?>A;5 3815;8 >BF0.
;860H55 >:@C65=85 F0@O A>AB02;O;8 @50:F8>==K5 ?>;8B8G5A:85 45OB5;8
(>15@-?@>:C@>@ !8=>40 >=AB0=B8= >154>=>AF52, <8=8AB@ 2=CB@5==8E 45;
<8B@89 ">;AB>, ?8A0B5;L, 6C@=0;8AB 8E08; 0B:>2).
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:>=B@@5D>@<0<8.
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"  $ + ;5:A0=4@0 III:
·ð 1881 3. <0=8D5AB " =57K1;5<>AB8 A0<>45@6028O 8 ">;>65=85 >1
CA8;5==>9 >E@0=5 (G@572KG09=K5 ?>;>65=8O, 2>5==K5 AC4K).
·ð 1882 3. "@5<5==K5 ?@028;0 > ?5G0B8" (:>=5F ;815@0;L=>9 ?>;8B8:8
60-E 3>4>2 2 >1;0AB8 F5=7C@K).
·ð 1883 3. A>740=K >E@0==K5 >B45;5=8O.
·ð 1884 3. =>2K9 #=825@A8B5BA:89 CAB02 ;8:2848@>20; 02B>=><8N
2C7>2.
·ð 1887 3. 22545= F8@:C;O@ > ":CE0@:8=KE 45BOE", =5 4>?CA:02H89 2
38<=0788 45B59 87 =87H8E A>A;>289.
"0:>2K >A=>2=K5 A>F80;L=>-8AB>@8G5A:85 D0:BK 87 687=8 >AA88 50-90-E
33.
2) )!"   !! 2> 2B>@>9 ?>;>28=5 XIX 25:0.
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·ð :>=A5@20B82=>5,
·ð ;815@0;L=>5,
·ð @048:0;L=>5.
! "   (845>;>38: >=AB0=B8= >154>=>AF52,
8E08; 0B:>2)
·ð >?8@0;>AL =0 B5>@8N «>D8F80;L=>9 =0@>4=>AB8 (A0<>45@60285,
?@02>A;0285, =0@>4=>ABL), 345 A0<>45@60285  MB> CAB>9 3>AC40@AB20;
?@02>A;0285 - >A=>20 4CE>2=>9 687=8; =0@>4=>ABL - 548=5=85 F0@O A
=0@>4><;
·ð @0B>20;> 70 =5?@8:>A=>25==>ABL G0AB=>9 A>1AB25==>AB8, ?><5I8GL53>
75<;52;045=8O 8 >1I8=K;
·ð F5=8;> ?>@O4>: 8 =5?@8=8<0;> ;N1KE <0AA>2KE A>F80;L=KE
459AB289
·ð ?@87K20;> : 548=5=8N A;02O=A:8E =0@>4>2 ?@8 <5AA80=A:>9 @>;8
>AA88.
·ð 1>@>;>AL ?@>B82 ;815@0;L=KE @5D>@< 60 - 70-E 33.
 ,   (845>;>38:8E08; 025;8=, ;5:A0=4@
K?8=, 8:B>@ >;LF>2, >@8A '8G5@8=) 1K;> >G5=L ?>?C;O@=> A@548
?@54AB028B5;59 :C;LBC@K, 2KABC?0;> 70
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·ð :>=AB8BCF8>==CN <>=0@E8N 8 ?>AB5?5==CN 45<>:@0B870F8N @CAA:>3>
>1I5AB20;
·ð @0728B85 :0?8B0;87<0;
·ð ;8:2840F8N A>A;>2=KE ?@828;5389;
·ð A2>1>4C A>25AB8, A;>20, ?@5AAK, A>1;N45=85 70:>=>2;
·ð M2>;NF8>==K9 ?CBL @0728B8O (@5D>@<K - 3;02=K9 <5B>4
<>45@=870F88 >AA88);
·ð @0728B85 ;8G=>AB8.
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?>;8B8G5A:0O A;01>ABL 1C@6C0788, 3>B>2=>ABL : A1;865=8N A
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,  
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·ð @540:F8O 3075BK «>;>:>; (874. ;5:A0=4@ 5@F5= 8 8:>;09
30@52, >=4>=) ?@>?030=48@>20;0 B5>@8N «>1I8==>3> A>F80;87<0,
@57:> :@8B8:>20; :@5ABLO=A:CN @5D>@<C;
·ð @540:F8O 6C@=0;0 "!>2@5<5==8:"; 845>;>3 8:>;09 '5@=KH52A:89
(!0=:B-5B5@1C@3) ?@>?030=48@>20; :@5ABLO=A:CN @52>;NF8N.
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5
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0 70-5 33. ?@8E>48BAO H8@>:89 @07<0E 038B0F8>==>9 8 B5@@>@8AB8G5A:>9
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@52>;NF8>==>5 8 ;815@0;L=>5.
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·ð :0?8B0;870F8O >AA88 =0A06405BAO "A25@EC",
·ð 1C4CI55 AB@0=K - >1I8==K9 A>F80;87<,
·ð ?@5>1@07>20=8O 4>;6=K >ACI5AB2;OBLAO @52>;NF8>==K< <5B>4><
A8;0<8 :@5ABLO=.
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@52>;NF88. >MB><C >A=>2=>5 2=8<0=85 =04> ?@84020BL ?@>?030=45,
GB>1K ?>43>B>28BL :@5ABLO=AB2> : @52>;NF88 2 1C4CI5<)
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703>2>@I8:>2, 70E20B82 2;0ABL, AC<55B A0<0 1KAB@> 2>2;5GL =0@>4 2
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=0@>4" >1@07>20;8 B09=CN >@30=870F8N - 2B>@CN "5<;N 8 2>;N" (1876 -
1879 33.), 2> 3;025 :>B>@>9 AB>O;8 B5?5@L 5>@389 ;5E0=>2 8
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A F5;LN ?>AB5?5==>9, 1>;55 4;8B5;L=>9 038B0F88 A@548 :@5ABLO=.
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B5@@>@8AB8G5A:0O "0@>4=0O 2>;O" (;5:A0=4@ 8E09;>2, ;5:A0=4@
5;O1>2, !>DLO 5@>2A:0O).
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2K7>25B 2A5=0@>4=>5 2>AAB0=85. 1 <0@B0 1881 3. !>DLO 5@>2A:0O
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815@0;L=>5 =0@>4=8G5AB2>
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=0@>4=8G5AB20 (?>A;5 @073@><0 "0@>4=>9 2>;8") 8 @>AB 2;8O=8O
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·ð ?@024K (@50;87<0) 687=8,
·ð ?>7=020B5;L=>9 8 2>A?8B0B5;L=>9 DC=:F89 2 ;8B5@0BC@5,
·ð B25@4>9 3@0640=A:>9 ?>78F88 ?8A0B5;O/?>MB0
 A2>N >G5@54L ?>78F8O ?>MB0-3@0640=8=0 1860-E 33. A>AB>O;0
·ð 2 ?@>?030=45 @52>;NF8>==KE 8459,
·ð @07@CH5=88 A0<>45@602=>-:@5?>AB=8G5A:>3> @568<0,
·ð 2 70I8B5 8=B5@5A>2 =0@>40,
·ð ?@02482>< >B@065=88 687=8 (@50;87<)
-BC ?>78F8N =081>55 ?>A;54>20B5;L=> 2K@078; 5:@0A>2 2 AB. >MB 8
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16
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8:>;09 '5@=KH52A:89 (1828-1889).
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vous; 5) 5 =0G0;> ;8 ?5@5<5=K?  >:070;8 7=0G8B5;L=>5 2;8O=85 =0
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żð >B@060BL 687=L,
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żð 2K=>A8BL 59 ?@83>2>@ (A ?>78F89 @52>;NF8>==>9
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17
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?>;L7C ;N4O<, <>3;8 AB0BL 45OB5;O<8 @52>;NF88.
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KA;OI89 ?@>;5B0@80B, 4@. - ?>A2OI5=K 8AB>;:>20=8N B2>@G5AB20
">;AB>3>, "C@35=520, AB@>2A:>3>, >AB>52A:>3>, '5@=KH52A:>3>.
·ð 52>;NF8>==>9 A8;>9 A>2@5<5==>AB8 8A0@52 AG8B0; «C<AB25==K9
?@>;5B0@80B, =5ACI89 2 =0@>4 5AB5AB25==>=0CG=K5 7=0=8O.
18
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=0 5AB5AB25==K5 ?>B@51=>AB8 G5;>25G5A:>9 ?@8@>4K, 2 >A=>25
:>B>@KE ;568B 8=AB8=:B «>1I5AB25==>9 A>;840@=>AB8.
·ð >MB><C ?@>A25I5=85 =0@>40 5AB5AB25==K<8 =0C:0<8 <>65B =5 B>;L:>
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A>B@C4=8: 6. « CAA:>5 A;>2> (1863 1865).
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19
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·ð -B> 1K; @57:89 2K?04 ?@>B82 !0;BK:>20-)54@8=0  =0<5: =0 53>
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53> >B :0B>;8G5AB20,
·ð @07=K<8 1K;8 8AB>@8G5A:85 CA;>28O, 2 :>B>@KE A:;04K20;0AL
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!! >AB>52A:>3>; 4) "C@35=525[1883]; 5)  A52>;>45 0@H8=5[1883]; 6)
1 >BF0E 8 45BOE 8 > 3-=5 '5E>25 [1892]; 7)  3. 0:A8<5 >@L:>< 8 53>
35@>OE[1898]; 8)" 0AA:07K" 5>=840 =4@5520. !B@0E 687=8 8 AB@0E
A<5@B8[1900]. 0720=8O MB8E AB0B59 A2845B5;LAB2CNB >1 8=B5@5A5
8E0;>2A:>3> :0: : B2>@G5AB2C @CAA:8E :;0AA8:>2 (">;AB>, >AB>52A:89,
"C@35=52), B0: 8 : <>;>4K< ?@>708:0< =>2>3> ?>:>;5=8O (0@H8=, '5E>2,
=4@552, >@L:89).
* * *
22