-215-
;NGK 4a ?pa:BK:a2a=L=O^
#cBy?.
14.
?pa<K 2y3a;, 3a=4;ë2KO pa4K, pa7<a^;ON ?a-1e;apyc:y, 2O;i:iO <opK, Ga;a2e: 6apBye, Dap1a 6o^BaO,
HocBK pa4, GyN 3po<, 4pM==aO pMG
17.
=a 2a47e, 47ë=, y 3ypFe, y :;o?aFe, y ;ë47e, y ?a;ëFe, cy47iFL
24.
HO4a^=a 1K;o 3MB:ae 74apM=L=e. TpM1a :y?iFL 7i<o2ae a47e=L=e. /:oe ^ FO1e ?KBa=L=e? “acLFe9
?o^=ae 7acBo;L;e. epHae :axa=L=e. &ixa HM?Ga :a;ocLce. “MBa c?pa2O4;i2K cy47L47O. L<O=i;acO
=a42op e. M=e 7=aë<ae O3o a1;iGGa. “MBa 1K;o Fi:a2ae 2a=4pa2a=L=e. 4apo^e  =a9;e?Hae 1a3aFLFe.
25.
a;O^=iGK =a ?a;O2a=L=i. o1pae ?aGyFLFë 3y<apy. Ë= y?M^=e=K ^ c2aix ?epa:a=a=L=Ox. epa4
a4 e74a< 1y47e pa7L2iBa=L=e. Ë= :y?i^ <y6GK=c:ae a47e=L=e. C<aG=ae cL=O4a=L=e. # c:pK=FK
cL<eFLFe.
a=OB:i ?epHKO.
2.
#cë 6KFLFë ^ =a2yFK. L<iBpa ^ 4apo7e. BO7y <a;o9 4aGFM 3acLFi=eF. i=6a: 2y7:i ^ ?;OGox. y?i<
47eFO< ?a FaFFK.
3.
7eFi <ycOFL ?a2a6aFL c2aix 1aFL:o^. paFyN 7 BaBa<. MK 6K2ë< ?pK 1aFL:ox. #=y:i Ha=yNFL c2aix
1a1y;O^ i 47O4y;O^. MK =e cL?O2a;i 3MB:ix ?ece=L. /7a?paHaN =a 2eGapK=:y cO1pa i cO1po^:y.
5.
#?a:oi ëcLFL :a=a?a, a;e =O<a ;o6:a. # <O=e ëcLFL 7a;2iFa, a;e =O<a H2a3pK. Ha cBa;e ëcLFL a;a2i:,
a;e =O<a ?a?epK. # <O=e ëcLFL :a<?yBap, a;e =O<a a^Baa4:a7L=i:a. /<aN 2Kxo4=K ^ =O47e;N, a;e ^
cy1oBy =O <aN.
6.
ëBpa (xBo?  H.) ;ë3 =a :a=a?y (=a HBo?  B.).
Py:a 7 ?pK3o6K< 1pa=7a;eBa< (7 GK<?  T.).
E4y 4a cOcBpK (4a :a3o?  B.).
a< 47iFOFi (:a<y?  .) c<aG=yN Fy:ep:y (HBo?  B.).
a1pa^ 4aGo: (:a3o?  B.) 7 ca4:y (7 Ga3o?  P.).
Ma pKxBye<cO 4a cL2OBa (4a Ga3o?  P.).
pM2K (HBo?  H.) ^ cL=e3a2Kx HaBax (yGK<?  T.).
/3o 2aGM9 (Ga3o?  P.) =e 2i4aFL 7-?a4 1po2a^ (7-?a4 Ga3o?  P.).
/ 7a^cë4K ?i;L=yNcO ?pa2i;a^ (Ga3o?  P.).
10.
-216-
# ca2K ca2O=O. # ;acO ;acO=O. # :oB:i :aFO=O. # ?ByH:i ?ByHa=O. # :aG:i :aGa=O. 7eFi :aBo2KO
7a2yFFa :aFO=OBK. 7eFi <e47L2O47ë2KO 7a2yFFa <e47L2e47O=O/BK. 7eFi <KHK=KO 7a2yFFa
<KHa=OBK.
12.
?o=i (<.p.), D;O<i=3a (<.p.), ?a=i (6.p.), :a;Le (=.p.), <MBpo (=.p.), i=BMp2iN (=.p.), 1pa (6.p.).
13.
AAH (6.p.), # (<.p.), MT (<.p.), IM (6.p.), e;A (<.p.), AP  (O1;co2?poD) (6.p.).
14.
XBo ëcLFL? XBo 2K ëcLFL? C:a6KFe, xBo ëcLFL 4o<a? a3o OHGM ByB =O<a? /cL ëcLFL ByB? /3o =O<a
4o<a. (Bo ëcLFL y :pa<e? ËcLFL ycë, a Ba3o, HBo ?aBpM1=a  =O<a. HO<a Ba3o, HBo pa=e9 1K;o. #
<O=e ëcLFL H<aB Fi:a2Kx :=i3. # O3o =O<a B2aë9 :=i3i. Ha <ai< :a<?yBapK ëcLFL yce ?aBpM1=KO
?pa3pa<K.
15.
E47e< 4a cOcBpK, cO47i< y?oFe<:y ;O 2a:=a, ;ec 2a:o; 4o<y, 7a?paHaN 4a cBa;a, ;icB a4 cO1pa, i47e<
y74o^6 1epa3a, ?pKxo47L 4a <O=e, =acy?paFL Ba3o 1y4K=:a, <ae :;o?aBK, 4o^3i Fe=L.
16.
Ë= Gy6K=eF? He, ë= 1e;apyc. Ta:, ë= 4aBGa=i=.
Ë= ?pKe646K? He, ë= ByBM9HK. Ta:, ë= 7 A=3e;LHGK=K.
Ë= Dpa=Fy7? He, ë= iBa;LO=eF. Ta:, ë= 7 apK6y.
Ë= 2K4a2eF? He, ë= pM6KcMp. Ta:, ë= pM4a:Bap.
Ë= 4py:ap? He, ë= =acBa^=i:. Ta:, ë= =a1opFa.
Ë= cL?O2a:? He, ë= <y7K:a. Ta:, ë= apBKcB.
Ë= 3icBopK:? He, ë= 1ië;O3. Ta:, ë= 2K:;a4=i:.
Ë= 4acL;e4=i:? He, ë= 2a=4po^Fa. Ta:, ë= =a2y:o2eF.
17.
<O=O;L=O ?poFi ?oHBK, cO47i1a :a;O ;ecy, :;N<1a :a;O 4o<y, a;o2a: :a;O c;o^=i:a, 3ac?a4ap cOpo4
3acLFe9, =aGK=L=e ^ <a9cBpa, ?a;aF ?poFi 3aBM;N, ?pKca4K ^74o^6 4apo3i
18.
a9Fe <=e, :a;i ;ac:a,
47L2e ?aG:i ?OGM=L=O, 47L2e 1yBM;L:i 2i=a, :a2a;a: :i;1acK, Bpoxi ?i2a, :i;O3pa< cKpy, ;iBap <a;a:a,
G2MpFL :i;O3pa<y B2apa3y, ?a^;iBpa a;eN, :apa1o: 7a?a;a:, cBo 3pa<a^ <ac;a, ?a^1oxa=a x;e1a, 47ecOFL
Oe:, :i;O3pa< Fy:py, 42a ?aG:i 3ap1aB:i, Bpoxi :a2K.
20.
# <O=e =O<a ?apaco=a. Cë=L=O =O 1y47e 4a646y. # <O=e =O<a 7 ca1o9 3poHa9. He, Ba< =O<a =iO:a3a
cHKB:a. MK ?pK9H;i 7L ;ecy. # <O=e =O<a =acBpoN. Ta< =O<a =iO:ix Gapa2i:a^. # =aHK< 3opa47e
=O<a Di;ii 2aHa3a 1a=:y.
a=OB:i 4py3iO.
1.
4aGFM, ?a4;o7e, 2a2ëpFK, 4oHFK, O1;K:y, :ip<aHy, :a^=Opy, 47O^GK=e, <a7a;N, cOcBpK
2.
a) Be;eDa=yN: :a;e7e, 47O^GK=e, cOcBpK, Bo;LFK, 47O47L:y
1) 47O:yN: cyce4y, 3ac?a4K=i, cO1pa<, ?pKOFe;N, c?a4apy acN
2) 2K1aGaN: 3a=4;Opy, FKpy;L=i:y, ca:paBapFK, :acipFK
3) O=a <=e: ?;O<e=L=iFa, 4aG:a, cO1po^:a, :a;O6a=:a
-217-
6.
;e3GK =a :a=a?y, ?a:;acLFi ^ HaDy, 3;O47eFFa ^ ;NcBMp:a, 7a?a;iFL ;O<?y, ?a<KFL H:;O=:y, 7ac;aFL
cyp2MBy, ;aHGKFL :aFO=O, 4a3;O4aFL 47O4y;N, 7a9cLFi ^ :2aBMpy, :y?iFL <M1;N, ecLFi ca;aBy, icLFi =a
?paFy
7.
Boc?8BK2ae< 4eBe9. o <opN xo4OB 1o;LH8e ?apoxo4K. /=e ?o<=N Ba:o3o c;yGaO. Xo7O9:a ?o4a;a
7a2Bpa:. o94e< Gepe7 c:2ep. CecBpa ?oH8;a N1:y. Ma;KH 84eB 7a 83pyH:o9.
9.
I4y ;eca<. E4y a^Bo1yca<. E4y FO3=i:o<. ;K2y :aBMpa<. OBy ca<a;ëBa<. y4y BK=:o^=i:a<. ae4y
2Oc=o9 (2Oc=oN). CycBpM=ycO pa=iFa9 (pa=iFaN).  N :a2y 7L 2OpH:a<i. a9<aNcO 7 2Kxa2a=Fa<i.
A?O:yNcO 47iFe<. &i:a^;NcO <acBaFB2a<. paFyN py:a<i. paFyN Da;L2ap:o^Fa<.
10.
O47i< ;K6:a9 (;K6:aN), O47i< 2i4M;LFa<
? ë< H:;O=:a<i, ? ë< :y1:a<i, ? ë< c;oi:a<i
i4y 7L cëcBpa<i, i4y 7L cO1po^:a<i, i4y 7 3acLFO<i
<a;NN Dap1a9 (Dap1aN), <a;NN a;o^:a<, <a;NN ?M=47a;e<
cycBpa:aNcO 7L cO1pa<i, cycBpa:aNcO 7L 47O^GaBa<i, cycBpa:aNcO 7L /ce<
12.
a) aFL:a ^ :a<a=47ipo^FK. MaFi ^ ?pa;L=i. COcBpa =a 2eGapK=FK. 7eFi =a ;y7e. CO1pa =a CL2ic;aGK.
1) Ë=: y 2yGM;L=i, y BMaBpK, y Ci1ipK, =a ?;oHGK, =a 2Oce;L;i, y :pa<e, y ?ap:y, =a cL=e7e, =a HapaGK,
?pK 2yG=N, ?pK 1a1y;i, ?pK <aFi, ?pK Mi:iFe.
13.
7y1pa=ë ^ ?yHGK, /cL =a 3a=:y, ?a:o9 y :2aBMpK, :o^4pa =a ;o6:y, ?apaco= y cy<FK, Dipa=:a =a
2a:=e, :2eB:a ^ pyFM, a^Ba =a 4apo7e, O1;K: =a Ba;epFK, Go2e= =a paFM, :oB =a ?apo7e, :aG:i =a 2o7epK,
cBy4M=B y i=BMp=aFe
15.
I ByB i Ba< <ae cO1pK. # “pMFKi  ?a= K<ac.  7a<e6=i:a^ ë= <o9 =a9;e?HK ?pKOFe;L. #ce
c?acLFi3aNFL 1i7=Mc, a ?a= K<ac 7acBaeFFa 2ep=K c2a9<y ?pK72a=L=N, O: i O. Ë= c?MFKO;icBK ^
3a;i=e 1y4a^=iFB2a, 4o9;i4, O:ix <a;a. # c2ai< B2opcB2e 7a :pK=iFy =aBx=e=L=O ë= <ae ?o<=i:i
4a^=i=K.
aHBo^=acLFi, =e?a4y;a4=KO Gacy  2ocL HBo 1K2ae BM<a9 =aHKx 3yBapa: y Gace 2a=4po2a:.
 'a;a2e:  3MBa O3o ?a<OFL,  :a6a K<ac, i O 73o4=K 7L i<. “;O46y =a 2e;iG=KO 7a1y4o2K i
4y<aN ?pa ;N47e9, O:iO ?a:i=y;i ^3MBKx <ypox a41iBa: c2aë9 4yHK.
16.
/7 6o=:a9, 4aG:o9 i cK=a< e47e< y M;e:BpKGFK. Cë=L=O =O47e;O, i <K, O: 7a^cë4K, =a2e42ae<cO 4a
1aFL:o^. /=K 6K2yFL y1a:y a4 GK3y=:i. BOpcBK BpK OHGM BpM1a icLFi ?pa7L ;ec. A;e 3MBa =a<
?a4a1aeFFa. pKe<=a9 1K2ae =eGa:a=aO cycBpMGa 7 6Kxapa<i ;ecy: 7a9Fa<i, 47OB;a<i, 2a2ëp:a<i. I=HK
pa7 cL<O;e9Ha9 2a2ëpFK <o6=a ?a4aFL ?aGacBy=a: i =a2aB ?acL?eFL 4a:pa=yFFa 4a x2acBa. “MBa
2e;L<i 7a1a^;Oe <aix <a;Kx. o;L:i ByB 1K2ae pa4acLFi, cL<exy, a ?oBK< 3yBap:i O: 2a4K, ycN 4apo3y.
a=OB:i BpM9FiO.
2.
Ha91;i6M9HK ?pK?K=a:. Ha9;e?HKO 3a4K. Ha92KHM9HK 3aBy=a:. Ha9;O3GM9HaO 2a3a.
Ha9ca;a47e9HK =a?o9.
3.
-218-
:aBy ?a ?OBy  <a;K, a4=a3o ?o;O O3a4K  a4=o;L:a2KO, 1iBK 2o^:  2o?KB=K, xoFL :y4K 
2K4aB=K, =a cë<K< =e1e  2Ocë;K, <a;a47iFa O: 1pycL=iFa  GKp2a=aHGo:aO :a1eBa, ?;OGKcBK =a
6K2oB  ?pa3=K (=e=ae4=K)
4.
pK6KO 2a;acK, 7O;ë=aO :aHy;O, HMpKO 2oGK, 1M6a2ae a^Ba, GKp2o=aO cBy6:a, ?a;acaBK :a2y=,
1;a:iB=K Ha;i:, Gop=aO :a2a
5.
?a^4=ë2K 2eFep, 6ax;i2K 2K3;O4, 2ycaBK 47O47L:a, 1y;L1O=aO cBpa2a, :iHM==K ;ixBapK:, <a;i=a2K
:o;ep, py6o2K ?O;ëcBa:
6.
Ha2a3pa47:i, i47:i, HOcL2ic:i, ByHaF:i, Cypac:i, ;aBKc:i, 7a2o47:i, cL2eF:i, :a7aF:i, apHa=c:i
7.
O:ac=KO: 2KcaGM7=K
a4=oc=KO: 7=aë<K, i;L=O=aO, <opc:ae, ?OcGa=aO, 7O<=aO, :a<MpFK9=K
?pK=a;e6=KO: 1paBa2a, 47e4a^, <aBy;i=a3a
8.
?pa6K2a=L=e ^ HK:o^=K< 3aBM;i, e;apycL =a 2o;L=K< pK=:y, pa4acLFL y c2a1o4=K< B2opcB2e, 47eFi
^ 3y;L=O2o9 7a;i, 3ap<i4ap =a H:o;L=K< 42apK, 73o4a ^ cy?o;L=a9 ?paFK, cL2eG:i =a cBapa4a^=O9
6Kpa=4o;i, i<?pM7a ^ :y?a;a^c:i< BMaBpK, 47O^GK=a ^ =aFKO=a;L=K< cBpoi
9.
=o2ae =aGK=L=e  =a2e9Hae  =a9=o^Hae
<O::i :a^=ep  <O:GM9HK  =a9<O:GM9HK
GKp2o=K :o;ep  1o;LH GKp2o=K  ca<K GKp2o=K
c<aG=K O1;K:  c<aG=e9HK  =a9c<aG=e9HK
?pK2a1=aO <OcLFi=a  ?pK2a1=e9HaO  =a9?pK2a1=e9HaO
ca;o4:iO <a;i=K  ca;a47e9HKO  =a9ca;a47e9HKO
7a1a^=KO ?pK3o4K  1o;LH 7a1a^=KO  ca<KO 7a1a^=KO
Fë?;ae ?a;iBo  FO?;e9Hae  =a9FO?;e9Hae
73pa1=aO pMG  1o;LH 73pa1=aO  =a973pa1=e9HaO
2Kco:aO 1y4K=i=a  2KHM9HaO  =a92KHM9HaO
?icL<e==K ?pa^=i:  1o;LH ?icL<e==K  ca<K ?icL<e==K
<a;K ca1aG:a  <e=HK  ca<K <e=HK
FO6:aO 2a;i7:a  FO6M9HaO  =a9FO6M9HaO
10.
a) Bo;LGK= 1o;LHK cK=. N4<i;i=a <e=HaO cOcBpa. Ap:a47e2K :pM^=KO.
1) i;i?a^ cBy4M=F:i ?a:o9. ce=i=K 1ypHBK=a2KO :apa;i. Ma:ci<a2a =o2ae ?a;iBo.
11.
TyB cBy4M=F:i ^By;L=K ?a:o9. Ta< 1aFL:a2K ?icL<o2KO ?pK;a4K. a;O cBa;a 1paBa2a :a<?yBapo2ae
=aGK=L=e. Ha ?a4;o7e Mi:iBa2K =o2KO Gaca?icK. Ha pa3y cBa;a o;e^ 7a^cë4=K =aBaB=i:. TyB
cO1po^GK= 7a<e6=K c;o^=i:. Ta< COp3ee2K co=Faaxo^=KO a:y;OpK. Ha ?a4;o7e cOcBpK=aO 1;ic:yGaO
FaF:a. TyB Mi:iBa^ ?icL<o2K cBo;. Ta< cO1pa2K ?aBpM1=KO ?a?epK. Ta< <o9 ?pae7=K :2iBo:. Ha pa3y
cBa;a <aBGK=K FKpa2a;L=KO =iB:i. TyB =aH 4pa^;O=K 7M4;i:.
12.
#By;L=K cL2eB;K ?a:o9. “ycBo^=K i=BMp ep. /3o c:;a4o2aO GacB:a  a4<eB=KO pMGK ^ 1e;apyc:i<
3ycLFe. Cyp2MBa. pK3o6a aDop<;e=K :yDMpa:. Po7=a3a :o;epy :2eB:i.
-219-
(Bo OHGM? Ha cLFO=e  cBapa4a^=i 2i4apKc 3ep1y a3o=O. BKHBy:a2a=K 3a47i=L=i:. MM1;O.
aD;O=K :a<i=a:. a;O cLFO=K, c?pa2a, HaDa. L;e2a cL2eB;aO :a=a?a. C?pa2a :pMc;a. NcBMp:a. /=o
^ ?pK3o6a9 a?pa2e. MO::i :a1epaF =a ?a4;o7e. #3apK ?a4 cBo;L;N apK3i=a;L=aO ;NcBpa. Ha 2o:=ax
:pM<a2KO ca<a47O;:o2KO Dipa=:i.
15.
2y;iG=K pyx, <apc:iO x2a;i, 4apo6=K ;icB, 4y1o2aO <M1;O, ;i?a2K FL2eB, 2o;:ae ?a2eBpa, 2Op1o2K
4y1eF, paG=K 1acM9=, <aë2K 6y:
a=OB:i GaFL2epBKO.
1.
He, ë= 2K4a2eF. He, O=K ?pKe646KO. He, O=a 1paBa2a cO1po^:a. He, O=a ?aHBap:a. He, O=o Bo;LGK=a.
2.
(Bo O 2e4aN ?pa BOp1iF:ix? /=iGo3a =O 2e4aN ?pa ix.
(Bo O 2e4aN ?pa Ba3o x;a?Fa? /=iGo3a =O 2e4aN ?pa O3o.
(Bo O 2e4aN ?pa Bo;L:y? /=iGo3a =O 2e4aN ?pa Oe.
(Bo O 2e4aN ?pa c?a4apa O2iF:a3a? /=iGo3a =O 2e4aN ?pa O3o.
(Bo O 2e4aN ?pa c?a4apK=N N4<i;y? /=iGo3a =O 2e4aN ?pa Oe.
TK ?ae47eH 7 a^;N:o< =a a4?aGK=a:? He, O =e ?ae4y 7L i<.
TK 4a2a^ 47iFOFi ?a?iFL? He, O =e 4a2a^ O<y ?a?iFL.
3.
O3o=aO cOcBpa, e9=K <y6, e9=aO :;Oca, O3o=K ca1a:a, ix=KO 47eFi, e9=K ^=y:, O3o=K =acBa^=i:
4.
ix=K, ix=aO, ix=ae; e9=ae, e9=K, e9=yN; O3o=K, O3o=KO, O3o=KO
5.
TyB =e9:iO =e7=aë<KO 47O^GaBK. Ë= =e:a3a Hy:a^. He:a<y 3MBa 1y47e ?aBpM1=a. HexBa 7a1K^cO ^
a^Bo1yce c2aN 2a;i7:y. “MBa HBocLFi Fi:a2ae. a:;iG xyBGM9 :a3o-=e1y47L. 'a<ycLFi ë= <=e =e
?aBM;eDa=a2a^.
7.
/ =e7=aë<K 7 BK< c?a4apo<. /OHGM =e GKBa^ Bae :=i3i. Ta3o ?pKe646a3a O =O 2e4aN. Ë= 4a^ 3poHK
Bo9 :acipFK. a94y ?pK2iBaNcO 7 BoN 47O^GK=aN. To9 c?a4ap =aH 1yx3a;LBap.
8.
<aë Boe HMpae, <ae BKO 1O;O2KO, ix=i Bo9 <ypa2a=K, O3o=aO BaO ;O c:2Mpy, e9=K Bo9 :2OFicBK, ix=K Bo9
c<y3;O2K, <ae BKO ^ :a=2MpFe
10.
a)  “MBa :pMc;a?
 He, 3MBa DaBM;L. Ë= <O::i, a :pMc;a  Boe, 4pa^;O=ae.
1)  &i 3MBa BaO 47O^GK=a?
 Ta:, 3MBa BaO 47O^GK=a.
2)  XBo OHGM 3MBa Gy^?
 He, ë= :a7a^ 3MBa Bo;L:i ?pK <=e.
3)  ;O :a3o <K :y?i< 3MByN FaF:y?
 MK :y?i< Ba1e 3MByN FaF:y.
-220-
4)  HO^6o 3MBa 1pMHa cyce47:i ca1a:a?
 He, 3MBa =O ix=K ca1a:a.
e)  &i GKBa^ y6o xBo ByN :=i3y?
 To9 :=i3i OHGM =ixBo =e GKBa^.
6)  (Bo 3MBa 7a a;a2i: y FO1e?
 He, y <O=e =e a;a2i:, a pyG:a.
11.
Mi:iBa ^ <aë9 cOcBpK. A;ecL y c2a93o 47O47L:i. TyB Oe pMGK. 7eFi ^ BK< a^Bo1yce. a:;a6a ^ e9=a9
2a;i7FK.
12.
a) aBopKO =a cLFO=e? aBopKO ^ c:pK=FK? aBopKO ^ =apo4=Kx cBpoOx?
1) Ha GK< ë= 7=aeFFa? Ë= =a ^ci< 7=aeFFa? aBopK 3MB:i 7=a2eF?
2) &i ëcLFL y:a3o 3MB:i ?a4pyG=i:? “MB:a3a ?a4pyG=i:a =i ^:o3a =O<a?
13.
pK :i< 2yGKFFa A=BocL? a3o <K ?o947e< cycBpa:aFL?  :i< ?ae47e Baci;L 7a <O6y? 'K< Fi:a2iFFa
N4<i;a? #:a3o <K 1y47e< =a 2Oce;L;i? a<y ?a47O:a2a^ 3ocLFL?  :i< 7a^Bpa O 1y4y <eFL 3yBap:y?
 :i< ?pK2iBa^cO Mi:iBa? a<y ?aFic=y^ py:y? a<y =eHBa ?pKe<=ae c:a7a^? # :a3o O OHGM =O 1K^?
# GKe9 :2aBMpK O OHGM =O 1K^?
a=OB:i ?OBKO.
1.
7O^GK=a GKcBa <Ke 2o:=K. X;o?FK 7a^cë4K pa3oGyFL 7 <aix 6apBa^. Ë= <a^GKFL, Ba<y HBo =O 2e4ae,
HBo :a7aFL. HaHK cO1pK, O: Bo;L:i ?pKexa;i, a4pa7y 6 Bpa?i;i =a 2Oce;L;e. Ma;K 47L<e ^ 4y4:y i
=a4Ba 6 FeHKFFa 7 3MBa3a. Mo9 1paB cBa;Op, ë= <a9cBpye. HO4a^=a 7pa1i^ ;o6a:. /=K 3a=4;NNFL y
:pa<e xapGo2K< Ba2apa<.
2.
47O:a2aFL  ë= 47O:ye, O=K 47O:yNFL
a1OFaFL  ë= a1OFae, O=K a1OFaNFL
7apa1;OFL  ë= 7apa1;Oe, O=K 7apa1;ONFL
yFO:aFL  ë= yFO:ae, O=K ^FO:aNFL
1e4a2aFL  ë= 1O4ye, O=K 1O4yNFL
4apa2aFL  ë= 4apye, O=K 4apyNFL
3ac?a4apKFL  ë= 3ac?a4apKFL, O=K 3ac?a4apaFL
:pK^47iFL  ë= :pK^47iFL, O=K :pK^47OFL
c<a6KFL  ë= c<a6KFL, O=K c<a6aFL
1;iHGMFL  ë= 1;iHGKFL, O=K 1;iHGaFL
2a6KFL  ë= 2a6KFL, O=K 2a6aFL
7=aë<iFL  ë= 7=aë<iFL, O=K 7=aë<OFL
ca;a47iFL  ë= ca;o47iFL, O=K ca;o47OFL
;iGKFL  ë= ;iGKFL, O=K ;iGaFL
3.
/=a ?pacye 1O;i7=y. / a?pa=aN ?a;iBo. MK :;a47e< a3yp:i =a cBo;. /=a pa7y<ee <O=e. Ë= ?a?a;y4=ye
4o<a. /=K cycBpa:aNFL FO1e. MaFi ?pK3ap=y;a 47iFO 4a cO1e. HacBa^=i: pa7L<Op:o^2ae a1a2O7:i.
4.
a) y<aFa2aFL 74apo^e, 7a<aFa2aFL 2e4K, 7a?a7L=iFFa =a ?paFK, 7a?OpMGKFL c?a2OHGa;L=i:y, yBpK<aFL
?a7KFKi, y4ac:a=a;iFL ?;O=
-221-
1) ?a=a:y?;OFL xapGo^, ?a=a:y?;OFL cy2M=ipa^, ?a=aGa?;OFL FaFa:, ?a=acK?aFL ?Oc:y, 7a?KBaFL
4a72o;y, 7a?paciFL 3acLFe9
2) 2K3a4a2aFL 47OFe9, a43a4a2aFL 2y/cK, 2K:pyFiFL ;O<?aG:y, 2K:pyFiFL 4poB, 2K:y?iFL :=i3y,
2K:y?iFL pMG, 2K:a7aFL 4y<:y
3) 4a3;e47eFL x2opa3a, y3;e47eFL ?a<K;:y, y=i7aFL ë;:y, ypa^=a2a6KFL Ha;i, 4a;yGKFFa 4a 3ypBy
5.
cGM7=yFL, ?a4?i;L=a2aFL, ?aGa:aFL, ?aHy:aFL, c:apKcBaFL, c?a4a1aFFa, ?ac;yxaFL, ?pK2iBaFFa,
?a4?a;iFL, c?apa4:a2aFL, 7pa7y<eFL, pacB;y<aGKFL, 73a=iFL, 732a;FiFL, 72a6KFL
6.
Cyce4:a x2apMe =a =Kp:i. HaHa :a<?a=iO a?O:yeFFa 1e;apyc:i< BMaBpa<. MK Ga:ae< =a BM;e2i7i9=a3a
<a9cBapa. BiBa^B a6a=i^cO 7 <aë9 cOcBpo9 .;O9. Ba=4po^FK 94yFL =e7=aë<aN 4apo3aN. C2aBo^ cK=
2yGKFFa 1a;L=Kx Ba=Fa^. aFL:i 2K1aGaNFL c2ai< 47eFO<. Ma;KO FeHaFFa 7 =a2a3o4=O9 ë;:i.
HaGa;L=i: cM:Bapy ?a2e4a<;Oe :ipa^=i:a ?pa4?pKe<cB2a. &eHGa ^<eH2aeFFa 4a aca1icBa3a 6KFLFO
<a;a4Kx. A1c;y3a cMp2ic-FM=Bpy 7=aeFFa ^ :a<?yBapax po7=Kx <a4M;O^. HaH 2K1pa=L=i: 7ac;y3o^2ae
=a 4a2ep.
7.
a) 3py?a2aFL, :a=c?M:Ba2aFL, Di=a=ca2aFL, 4a3;O4aFL, capBa2aFL, :a<a=4a2aFL, a1y2aFL, :2aBapa2aFL,
7a<K:aFL, cBpa;OFL, ?pa3pa<a2aFL, ?epa4a2aFL, :ap<iFL, 7L<O=OFL, :ipa2aFL, <apo7iFL
1) ?a3apHaFL, 7L<O=HaFL, HK:a2aFL, y?pK3o62aFL, GKp2a=eFL, ?epa2KHaFL, <a^GaFL, 2yGKFL,
GKcLFiFL, 2aO2aFL, ca;iFL, cO1pa2aFL, 7=aë<iFL, c;y6KFL, 3aBa2aFL, ?i;L=a2aFL
8.
A?pa=a9FecO! “a4y9FecO! CL<e9FecO! CycBpa:a9FecO! a?KBa9FecO! =aë<FecO! pK2iBa9FecO!
Pa4y9FecO!
10.
Mo9 1paB ëBpa <ae =e2O;i:yN :2aBMpy, a;e ^ci< 4ocKFL <e9cFa. # ix 6K2yFL ?ByH:i, pK1:i,
7a2o4=K ca1a:a Be:Ha i :oB ;NBo=. &i ^O^;OeFe ca1e 3MB:yN cLFi6<y 6K^=acLFi? A^cë Ba<y, HBo
<o9 ?;O<e=L=i: .7O 2e;L<i ;N1iFL 7L2epa=OBa^. Ë= :op<iFL i 4a3;O4ae c2aix y;N1ë=Fa^. “MBK 7a=OBa:
ëcLFL O3o =a9;e?Ha9 yFexaN. A ^2o3y;e .7O <oF=a ?a2a6=K i FO<:i x;a?eF. (<aB yGK< ë= ?a4o1=K
4a c2a93o 1aFL:i.
11.
O 2yGycO, O =a2a6K^cO, O cL<ONcO, O 7a1K^cO, O c?a47ONcO, O a43y:aNcO, O ?KBaNcO, O a?pa=aNcO, O
=y46ycO, O 7L2OpBaNcO, O 1Opy, O <aN
12.
Ma:ci< c?a4apo6=iGae 7=aë<K< y ?ae74FK. Ë= y=i:ae 3MBa9 pa7<o2K. “MBK =a?o9 =aBa;Oe c<a3y.
“ocLFL 4o^6KFL c2aN 3yBap:y. 7eFi ?epa9<aNFL ?a2o47i=K 1aFL:o^. “MBK ?pKe646K xapGyeFFa ^
pMcBapaFKi. /=a 7a3a4a;a ?pK1paFL ycë ;iH=Oe.
13.
acLFë =a< a4pac? A?pa=eH ?a;iBo? /ci <Oc=yN ca;aBy? <ap=yeFe Gac? a1apa=OeH :ypKFL y
:2aBMpK? Opo< 3MBK :yDMpa:? OGMH pK1y? O6KFe/ 4a;e9? “;O47iFe/ BM;e2i7i9=K Di;L<? a2iFe Gac?
apyeFe :apFi=y? “aByeH :a2y? a?a<a3aeFe 1aFL:a<? Bi=HyeFe ca cL2OBa<? K2OFe 7a <O6o9?
a?paHaeFe =a 2Oce;L;e?
14.
7iFO cy<ye ?a <aFi. / =a<epK^cO :y?iFL ca1e :a?O;NH. .;O =a2e4ae x2opa3a 1aFL:y. /=K
2K?pa^;ONFFa ^ 4apo3y. /6K2a ?pK?a<i=aN ByN cycBpMGy. Ë= 1aFL:y c:ap47i^cO =a <O=e.
a=OB:i HocBKO.
-222-
4.
cO<=aFFaBK<, GaFL2epBa<y, HMcLFL47ecOB ?epHa9, ?epHa3a, a47i=aFFaBa9
5.
?OFi 4pM2a^, Bpox cO1pa^, HacLFi Ga;a2e:, 42aix 47L2OpM9, a1e47L2Nx 47O^GK=, 47L2Nx cO1po2a:,
cBa a4=a3o 4a;<aFi=Fa, Bpox ca1a:, GaBKpox :a<?yBapa^, 47e2OFi 6KFLFO^, a1o42yx ;eBa?icFa^,
GaBKp=aFFaFi ?pa3pa<a^, 2acL<i c?a4apo6=i:a^, 42aix :aFO=OBa^
6.
a1o42yx, a1o42y<, a1o42yx, a1o42y<a, ?pa a1o42yx
7.
CycBpM;icO 7a ?a^Bapa :i;O<MBpy a4 cBa=FKi. # FecBa BpM1a ?a:;acLFi 47L2e BpaFi=K H:;O=:i Fy:py.
pK9H;i ?a^BapK 3a47i=a<i ?a7L=e9. pKe47e ?pa7 ?a^BapK 3a47i=K. “MBK< 47L2N< 4apo3a< =e
cKcLFicO. MaN ?a^Bapa c;oi:a 2apM=L=O. a2a;a: :y6a;N =a ?a^BpaFO <MBpy. a 4o<y 7acBa;ocO
?a^G2apBK :i;O<MBpy.
8.
?OFLFN :apB:a<i, 47e2OFLFN :y1:a<i, 42aFFaFLFN ^47e;L=i:a<i, BpKFFaFLFN =y<apa<i, 47L2N<a
;K6:a<i, 2acL<N 1a9Fa<i, GaBKp=aFFaFLFN 7 ?a;o2a9 :i;O3pa<a<i, BpK<a ?a4pyG=i:a<i,
42a=aFFaFLFN D;a<acBMpa<i, ?a^BapK x2i;i=a<i, capa:a cO<N :i;O<MBpa<i
9.
7ecOFL pa7 <ep i Bo =O 2ep. Mi=y;a G2MpFL cBa3o47L47O. pa9H;a BpaFi=a 2e:y. MK =a ?apo7e BpM9FO3a
BKcOGa3o47L47O. He7L;iGo=KO ?a4a=L=i cBapa6KB=Kx <ypo^. X2i;i= ?pa7 :o;L:i ?aG=eFFa =apa4a. Ha
3a=:y cBaOFL Bpoe =e7=aë<Kx x;a?Fo^. Ma;a47ë2K Gaca?ic 2Kxo47iFL 42o9GK =a <ecOF. 7e4 FL2iGKFL
a1o42yx c2aix y=y:a^. A1e47L2e 47O^GK=K ?pK2iBa;icO 7 =acBa^=i:a<. a4=i<iFe a1e47L2e py:i ^3apy.
HaH 4o< cBaiFL =a c:pK6a2a=L=i 47L2Nx 2y;iFa^.
10.
Ha 3a=:y <=o3a x;a?Fo^. CL2eB;Kx a7ëpa^ ByB 1e7L;iG. (<aB pa7o^ 7L<O=O;acO ix=OO =a72a. #3MBK<
;ece 3pK1o^ a 3pK1o^. poFL<a =apo4y ^ Gap7e. #ce 4a<K =a H<aB ?a2epxa^. Ma;a 4aFL 1pK4:a, a
<=o3a H:o4a. Ha ix=a9 2y;iFK H<aB 4pM2a^.
11.
o;L:i Gacy? a;i 2Kxo46y 7 4o<y? /: 4a1ipaNcO =a pa1oBy?  :i< cë=L=O <aN cBpMGy? o;L:i 7o9<e
3yBap:a 7 ?apB=Mpa<? (Bo 7a?ica=a ^ M;e:Bpo==K< =aBaB=i:y? a :a3o cë=L=O 4a2O47eFFa 1KFL? /:
7a2yFL 47iFO? (Bo <K po1i<? a;i <K ^6o 4o<a? /: 4o^3a .7O 3aBo2K c;yxaFL :a7:i? &i ?a4a1aeFFa
.7N 2Kpa7=ae GKBa=L=e?
15.
a)  L 1e;apyc:ix a7ëpa^ =a92O;i:Hae HapaG.
 /:aO O3o 4a^6K=O?
 M^=a, :i;O<MBpa^ 7L 47ecOFL Fi <o 9 1o;e9.
1)  aBopaO 3a47i=a? / o;L:i Gacy?
 #6o cë<aO 3a47i=a.
2)  aFL:a 4o<a?
 o<a.
 a:;iG O3o.
 TaBa 7a=OBK, ë= y3apa6K.
 a;i ë= 2K72a;iFFa?
 pa7 3a47i=y-47L2e.
-223-
3)  Ë= y cBa;K< 2O:y?
 He, O<y 3a4o^ ?a4 BpKFFaFL.
4)  7e 2K 1y47eFe =a Ho2K 3o4?
 CL2OB:a2aFL 1y47e< c2aë9 cO< ë9, yBpaix.
a=OB:i cë<KO.
1.
7ac;a=K a1pyca< cBo;, ?aGyBKO =a2i=K, 2K2yGa=aO <o2a, ?a:;i:a=K Ga;a2e:, aFM=e=K Ba2ap
2.
?po947e=K H;Ox, 7po1;e=aO ?paFa, :y?;e=K a;o2a:, 7aGK=e=KO 47L2epK, 74apo6a=KO 2Oc:o^FK,
?a7KGa=KO 3poHK, ?a4a1pa=KO :o;epK, ?a3ac;KO 2oGK, 7acL<O3;KO 2yc=K, 7a3apM;K B2ap, =eGa?a=KO
<OcLFi=K.
3.
a) a3;e46a=ae 1aFL:a<i 47iFO. a3;e46a=K ;e:apa< x2opK. a3;e46a=ae 3ac?a4apa<i 6K;L;ë.
a3;e46a=aO 1aFL:a<i 3ac?a4ap:a.
1) X;o?GK:, a?pa=yBK ^ cL2OBoG=K :acLFN<. 7O^GK=:a, a?pa=yBaO ^ cL=O3yp:y. a=GK=a, a?pa=yBaO
^DyBpa. 7O^GK=:a, a?pa=yBaO ^ =apo4=K cBpo9. X;o?GK:, a?pa=yBK ^ <O47L2e47O.
4.
?a<a;O2a=aO ?a4;o3a; pac?yHGa=K B;yHG; ?aDap1a2a=K :a^=ep; ?a<KBae, ?a:y?a=ae, ?pK1pa=ae
47iFO; c?apa4:a2a=KO pMGK; ?a1e;e=aO cBo;L; GM7;KO pacL;i=K; ?aca;o46a=aO :a2a; y7<aF=e;K
47OFN:; 7a<:=ë=KO 47L2epK
5.
“MBa ^?M^=e=K ^ ca1e Ga;a2e:. TyB a47i= yFa;e;K <yp. L<e=K ^cBa=o^GKx 4a:y<e=Ba^ 1K;i
^x2a;e=KO cxo4a< a:FKO=Mpa^. M=e BpM1a :y?iFL cpo4:i GKHGa=L=O. #ce, HBo Ga:aNFL 2K=i:a^,
a4Gy2aNFL =e:aBopae x2a;O2a=L=e. “MBa 2yG=i, O: O=K cO47OFL i c;yxaNFL c2a93o =acBa^=i:a. a=FMpB,
O:i =e a41K^cO ^Gopa, a41y47eFFa ^ =O47e;N. aGaBa: Di;L<a 7L=eax2oFi^ <O=e 3;O47eFL O3o 4a;e9, i O
7<yHa=K 1K^ ?a9cLFi.
6.
a) 6apByNGK, ? NGK, x2a;NNGK, :a6yGK
1) y2a9Ho^HK, cycBpM^HK, 7L;iGK^HK, ?pK9Ho^HK, ca1pa^HK, ?a4 e^HK
7.
Pa=a 2K9Ha^HK 7 4o<y. paFa2a^, c:po7L =a7ipaNGK 7a ?apa4:a<. /=K 6K;i, pa4yNGKcO :o6=a<y
4=N. &M;K 47e=L 4a9<a^ ?KBa=L=O<i, 7a<i=aNGK ^ ?paFK. #2a6;i2a c;yxaN, c?pa1yNGK ^FO<iFL.
8.
apa7 ?a94y =a ?a;y47e=L. #2eGapK ?pK94y 4a 2ac. CBaN 71o:y. Ha^:o;a Gy2aFL <y7K:y. Ë= =e:y4K
?a9Ho^. Hi:y4K <K =O ?o947e<. pa7L ;ec <K iH;i ?a<a;y. Ë= HBopa7 ?a?pa^;Oe a:y;OpK. Me9cFa ^
:2aBMpK 4ocKFL. A4=o9GK O 1K^ =a HapaGK. MK 1K;i 4o<a. MK ?ae47e< 4a<o^. (2o BpM1a :;acLFi
^?o?epa:. Xo47iHGa ?epapa1;ONFL yHKp.
9.
po^=K  po^=a  pa^=e9
4o^3i  4o^3a  4a^6M9
HKpo:i  HKpa:a  HKpM9
4o1pK  4o1pa  ;e?e9 / ;aFL2e9
1;i7:i  1;i7:a  1;i6M9
-224-
ca;o4:i  ca;o4:a  ca;a47e9
GKp2o=K  GKp2a=a  GKp2a=e9
2y7:i  2y7:a  2y7e9
?pK3o6K  ?pK3o6a  ?pK3a6M9
10.
CBo;L y2epce. a4;o3a ^=i7e. A:=o 77a4y. a=a?a 7L;e2a. (aDa 77a4y. TM;e2i7iO c?pa2a. apFi=a
7L;e2a. K2a= y=i7e.
11.
xo;a4=a  Fë?;a, Fixa  3yG=a, 4a;ë:a  1;i7:a, ByB  Ba<, =a?epa47e  77a4y, By4K  cN4K, ?a-
=o2a<y  ?a-cBapo<y, y2epx  y=i7, <O::a  FL2ëp4a, <=o3a  <a;a, y47e=L  y=aGK, 4o1pa 
4pM==a, 7L;e2a  c?pa2a, pa=a  ?o7=a, Fë<=a  cL2eB;a, GKcBa  1py4=a, 4opa3a  Ba==a, 3yG=a 
Fixa, ?a2o;L=a  H?ap:a, 4pM==a  4o1pa, pM4:a  GacBa, 2Kco:a  =i7:a, 3;K1o:a  <e;:a, <e=e9
 1o;e9, 71;i7:y  74a;ë:, <oF=a  c;a1a, :opaB:a  4o^3a
13.
7e O <aN cO1po^? &i 1aGK^ HBo ?pK3a6M9Ha9 7a e;apycL? /: 7a2yFL <aix cO1po^? XBo O=K? 7e
7apa7 MapFi= i yi7a? &i ^?epHK=N O=K ^ Me=c:y? #O:ix <O9cFox O aca1icBa c?aBK:aN pa4acLFL? /:i
=aH =acBy?=K <apHpyB?
15.
a)  MK i47ë< =O ^Bo9 1o:.
 M^=a, BpM1a 2Op=yFFa, ?pa9cLFi BK<i ?pKca4a<i i 7L2Op=yFL y;e2a.
1)  A43MBy;L Fi ?aBpa?i< <K =a 2y;iFy “yco^c:a3a?
 /:pa7 3MBa 2e;L<i ?pocBa. Mi=y^HK 4py3oe c:pK6a2a=L=e, 7L2ep=e< y?pa2a.
2)  Myci< ?epacecLFi =a cO<ëp:y i ?paexaFL OHGM ?pK?K=:a^ :o;L:i.
 Ta:, 7apa7 2Kxo47i<.
3)   Ga3o ?aG=e< =apa4y?
 epH-=a?epH c:a6K <=e, Fi ^ce ?pK9H;i.
4)  &i 1aGK^ BK MixacO?
 a;i-=i:a;i ë= =a2e42aeFFa cN4K. A;e a?oH=i< Gaca<  =O 1aGK^.
e)  MK 7a1;y:a;i :y4KcLFi 4a;ë:a.
 A;e 9 ?pK:pa!
6)  Ix 47eFi 4a3;e46a=KO i 7a^cë4K ?pK1pa=KO.
 “MBa ?pKcBo9=aO, y3py=Ba2a=aO cO< O.
a=OB:i 2ocL<KO.
1.
a7L=O :a;O 4o<y. MaHK=a =a 42apK. /=K =a 42apM. pa;L=O ?pK 7a2o47e. “acLFë^=O ^ :2aBMpK.
Bo7epa cOpo4 ;ecy.
2.
a6a=i^cO 7L 47O^GK=a9, 47i^;NcO 7L O3o, cy<yN ?a ë9, cL<ONcO 7L ix, :?OFL 7L <O=e, c?a7L=i;icO ?pa7L
FO1e, 73o4=a 7 apBK:y;a<, ?pa9Ho^ 3yHGapo<, 2i=HyN 7L cL2OBa<, cO46y ?pK :a<?yBapK, 7a9Ho^ ?a
47iFO, i4y 4apo3a9
3.
-225-
Ha4K47e/ pKe47e: ?a a1e47e, ?pa7 3a47i=y, 4a 2eGapa, :a;O cë<a9 3a47i=K, 4a pa=iFK, y cL=e6=i, ?pa7L
=O47e;N, =a42OGop:a<, ?acL;O cL2OBa, y GaFL2ep, ?pa7 ?a^BapK x2i;i=K, =a 7o;a:y, a?o^4=i, y=aGK.
4.
?epa?paHaFL :a3o? (B.), ?pa1aGaFL :a<y? (.), 4apa2aFL :a<y? (.), c?a3a4aFL :a<y? (.), c;y3a2aFL
:a<y? (.), ?a3a46aFFa 7 :i<? (T.), cycBpa:aFL :a3o? (B.), 47O:a2aFL :a<y? (.), 4a:;Opa2aFL :a<y?
(.), cy<a2aFL ?a :i<? (M.), 1a;iFL :a<y? (.), a?pa=aFL HBo? (B.), c?pKOFL :a<y? (.), 2K:o=2aFL
HBo? (B.)
6.
cBapM9HK 7a <O=e, 2KHM9HK 7a FO1e, <a;a47e9HK 7a O3o, pa7y<=e9HK 7a ^cix, <aF=e9HK 7a =ac,
;e?HK 7a i=HKx
8.
a) Ha cL2OBa c?a47Oë<cO 3acLFe9 i 2eGapK=:i. # 4apo7e 7a<apK;icO, 4K =e 7a6ypK;icO. /cL 74aB=K
47OFN:, 4K OHGM O:i 74aB=K!
1) BKGy2a=L=e Ba:oe, =i1K 7=aë<K 7L i<i H<aB 3a4o^. Hi:o<y =iGo3a =O py?iFL, 1KFFa< <=e a4=a<y
Bo;L:i BpM1a ?pa3GKcO.
a=OB:i 47O2OBKO.
1.
HixBo =e Ga:a^ O3o ?pKe74y. HixBo =iGo3a =e ?KBaeFFa. Hi:o<y =e ?ac;a;i 7a?paHM=L=e. Hi:o<y =O
BpM1a 1paFL 1i;eBK. HixBo =O xoGa exaFL. / =i:y4K =e 7L1ipaNcO exaFL. MK =e ?ae47e< 4a4o<y
FO3=i:o<. 7eFi =i:y4K 7 =a<i =O ?o94yFL. Hi:o;i =O xo47i< =a H?aFKp. /=K cë=L=O =i:o3a =e
cycBpa:aNFL. Ë= =iGK< =a< =O <o6a ?ac?pKOFL. HO<a =i2o4=a3a 2o;L=a3a <e9cFa. #;a47O, =O cBa^
:y1a: =a cBo;! He 7axo47LFe cN4K! /=e <a3y c?pa2iFFa 7 3MBa9 pa1oBa9!
4.
&i c:o=GKH ?paFy 4a =O47e;i? y4K BK =a:ipa2a^cO? 7e <K 7apa7 7=axo47i<cO? # O:i< 1a:y
a^Ba2a:7a;? &i ^ce pMGK c:;a47e=KO? aGa:aeH <O=e =a pa3y 2y;iFK? pK947eH cë=L=O 4a =ac =a
2OGMpy? o947e< 7a^Bpa ^ Bepx=i 3opa4 =a H?aFKp? BK1epaH, HBo ?aGKBaFL 7 =o2Kx :=i3? A?pa=eH
=a cycBpMGy =o2K :a?O;NH? &i OcLFë 2K 4o<a 3MB:yN ca;aBy? &i :y?i;i 2K O1;K:a^? 'Kë 3MBa a^Ba
cBaiFL =a 42apK? XBo 1y47e 4a3;O4aFL x2opa3a, ?a:y;L 2ac =O<a? a;i A;ecL a6a=i^cO 7 Bo;ON?
7.
i;eB 4a 4o<y O ^7O^ By4K 9 =a7a4. &O3=i: a4Kxo47iFL y 11 3a47i=a^. &O?ep =a <ai< 3a47i=L=i:y po^=a
10. =aGKFL, 7acBaeFFa OHGM 4o1paO 3a47i=a. TpM1a 74aFL pMGK =a cxo^ i ?pa9cLFicO ?a 1;i6M9HKx
:pa<ax. XaGy :y?iFL 47eFO< HBocLFi 7 ;acy=:a^. Ta=i=a9 4aGFM, ca<a9 <e=Ha9 <aë9 ?;O<e=L=iFK
HaBa;LFK, aca1;i2a ?a4a1aNFFa <e=c:iO Fy:ep:i. y?;N, :a;i 7=a94y. /:pa7 ?a 4apo7e Bpa?i;acO :pa<a
7 ?pK2a1=aN =a72aN «“ocLFiFa. Xi1a 7a9cLFi cN4K? TyBa:a ëcLFL BKO Fy:ep:i.
10.
#=ac cë=L=O 2o;L=K 2eGap, i O =a2a6K^ :y?iFL 1i;eBK ^ BMaBap. «/:aO Fy4o^=aO i4MO,  c:a7a;a
<aO 6o=:a.  / 1y4y pa4a ?a9cLFi 7 Ba1oN ^ BMaBap, ?a3;O47eFL 4o1pK c?M:Ba:a;L. OpK 1i;eBK ;e?H
y cOpM47i=e, 9-11 pa4, :a;i <o6=a.
/Ba: i 7pa1i^. #2eGapK a 7 3a47i=e <K ?a9H;i ^ :y?a;a^c:i BMaBap 3;O47eFL «=O7O BiBa^Ba.
&i 2epKFe, 3MBa 1K;o =a472KGa9=a xopaHa!.. epa=ecLFicO ^ XIV cBa3o47L47e, y1aGKFL 47i2oc=yN
:2eB:y BKx Gaco^  e;apycL, Ba4K 3MBa 1K;o BO;i:ae =OcB2a iBo^c:ae. / 7L2e4a^ McBMBKG=yN
aca;o4y. A:po< Ba3o, y71a3aFi;icO <ae 2e4K 7 3icBopKi e;apyci.
Ha <aN 4y<:y, «=O7L BiBa^B  ;e?HK c?M:Ba:a;L, O:i O :a;i-=e1y47L 1aGK^. #ce a:BopK
Fy4o^=a 2K:o=2a;i c2ae po;i. M=e 4K: =a4Ba c?a4a1a^cO 2K:a=a^Fa 3a;o^=a9 po;i. “MBa ?a?pa^47e
Ba;e=a2iBK a:Bop. PaN 2a< a1a2O7:o2a ?a3;O47eFL «=O7O BiBa^Ba.
-226-
a=OB:i 47OcOBKO.
1.
a 42yx 4a4aFL 2oce< 1y47e 47ecOFL. 'aBKpK, ?a<=o6a=ae =a ?OFL, pa^=OeFFa 42aFFaFL A4=a FM;aO i
?OFL 47OcOBKx ?;Nc BpK FM;KO i GaBKpK 47OcOBKx pa^=OeFFa GaBKpK FM;KO i 47e2OFL 47OcOBKx. A4
cO<i a4=OFL BpK 1y47e GaBKpK. OFL 4K 47e2OFL 1y47e GaBKp=aFFaFL. TpKFFaFL 42a ?a47O;iFL =a
GaBKpK 1y47e 2oce<. A4 GaBKp=aFFaFi FM;Kx i 2acL<i 47OcOBKx a4=OFL a47i=aFFaFL FM;Kx i a4=y
47OcOByN 1y47e BpK FM;Kx i ce< 47OcOBKx. 2o9GK GaBKpK 1y47e 2oce<. 2aFFaFL 4K BpKFFaFL 1y47e
?OFL47ecOB. (McL47ecOB BpK ?a47O;iFL =a ce< pa^=OeFFa 47e2OFL. (McLFL, ?a<=o6a=ae =a GaBKpK,
pa^=OeFFa 42aFFaFL GaBKpK. Copa: 42a ?a47O;iFL =a HMcLFL 1y47e ce<.
5.
:o;L:ac=KO: 4, 2, ½;
?apa4:a2KO a4cyB=iGaNFL;
a4:a7: y 2epa1 O 50 47OFe9.
a=OB:i a47i=aFFaBKO.
7.
A Fi ?pKcBo9=aO 3MBa pMcBapaFKO? /:yN =a72y <ae pMcBapaFKO? o;L:i Ga;a2e: ?pK9H;o ^
pMcBapaFKN? /=K ?pK9H;i ?a;y4=a2aFL? 7e 1K^ 2o;L=K cBo;i:? /:i 7a:a7 O=K c?pa2i;i? “M=Kx
cBpa2a^ =apai^ i< aDiFKO=B? &i ?apai^ ë= i< y7OFL 47iGK=y? &i ^7O;i O=K 3ycL 7L O1;K:a<i? &i 7a:a7a;i
O=K <Oca 47i:a? &i ^7O;i O=K 3apM;:i? (Bo O=K c:a7a;i?  «ocKFL? &i 7a4a2o;e=K O=K? &i 2O;i:i
1K^ ix paxy=a:? /:i cBpa2K ^ <M=N 2ac 7aFi:a2i;i? /:iO 1e;apyc:iO cBpa2K 2a< ?a4a1aNFFa? A:pa<O
73a4a=Kx, O:iO OHGM 1e;apyc:iO cBpa2K 2K ^6o 2e4aeFe? /:i 1e;apyc:i cK=o=i< c;o2y «<M=N? /:oe
?a6a4a=L=e 2K c:a6aFe Ga;a2e:y ^Gace O4K?
a=OB:i 42a=aFFaBKO.
3.
TpM1a exaFL a4=y 3a47i=y. CBaOFL y Gap7e 1y47e< 7 ?a^3a47i=K. E47e< =a FM;K BK47e=L. aBpK<ae<cO
=a =e:a;L:i 47ë=. Ma;a47ë2K Gaco?ic 2Kxo47iFL 42o9GK =a <ecOF. A47i= pa7 =a BK47e=L 1aGycO 7L i<i.
a <O6o9 1K2aN pM4:a. “o4 Ba<y =a7a4 ?aGa^ 2yGKFL 1e;apyc:yN <o2y. BOp=ycO =a7a4 ?pa7 ?a^Bapa
<ecOFa. a ?a;y4=O BpM1a 7a:o=GKFL pa1oBy.
a=OB:i BpK=aFFaBKO.
1.
(Bo BpM1a, :a1 aBpK<aFL 3paHo2K ?epa2o4? /:yN =a91o;LHyN 2a3y <o6a <eFL ?a:y=a:? o;L:i
BpM1a ?;aFiFL 7a ?a:y=a:? &i 72a62aNFFa :aHBo^=KO ;icBK? &i xyB:a c?pa^;OeFFa 7a:a7 =a
BM;eDo==yN pa7<o2y? (Bo ^?;K2ae =a :oHB BM;eDo==Kx pa7<o2a^? /: 7a?paciFL 4a BM;eDo=a? &i
7a^cë4K 4o1pa Gy2aFL ?a4Gac BM;eDo==a9 pa7<o2K? /: BpM1a ?icaFL a4pac =a ?aHBo2Kx 4acK;:ax? &i
H<aB 2K ?;aFiFe 7a BM;eDo=? 7e <o6=a 7=a9cLFi ?aBpM1=K =y<ap BM;eDo=a? /: 2K c:a6aFe: «apa7
?epa4a< O<y c;yxa^:y?
2.
72a6KFL ?a:y=a:, y:i=yFL :a=2MpB y c:pK=:y, 7a?;aFiFL 7a ?ac;y3y, 2a:e=Fa 4a 7a?aBpa1a2a=L=O,
=a?icaFL ;icB, :y?iFL <ap:y 4;O ?icL<a 7a <O6y, =a?icaFL a4pac a4?pa^=i:a, :a1i=a =y<ap BpK
5.
-227-
a) pK2iBa=L=e 7L Me=c:y!
iGK ^ce c?pa2K 7a;aB2i^, 7acBa;ocO OHGM ?pa2ecLFi 47L2e cycBpMGK. MOp:yN 2Op=yFFa 31
cBy47e=O.
Mi:iBa.
1) BiBaN 2ac!
# <O=e ^cë =ap<a;ë2a. He ?aHa=Fa2a;a 7 =a42op e<, ByBa:a 1Oc:o=Fa 947e 4o646. Cy<yN ?a
2ac. #1aGK<cO ?pa7 42a BK4=i. BaH 7=aë<K, MapFi=, ?epa4ae 2a< ?pK2iBa=L=e.
a ?a1aGM=L=O, A=4pM9.
2) o1pK 47e=L, aFOpK=a Baci;Le^=a!
pKe4y FO3=i:o< «Me=c:- pa3a ^ 2a^Bopa: y2eGapK. CycBpa:a9Fe.
Ma:ci<.
3) pK2iBa=L=e!
He Byp1y9FecO, y <O=e ^cë 4o1pa. aBpK<aNcO OHGM =a 47ë= :o;L:i. epa4a9Fe IpK=e, HBo ^
?a=O47e;a: pa=iFaN 1y4y ^6o 4o<a.
Ap:a47L.
a=OB:i GaBKp=aFFaBKO.
6.
a)  pa1aGFe, 2K =O 2e4aeFe, Fi a4GK=e=K cxo^ pyG=oe ?a:;a6K?
 A4GK=e=K, a;e BpM1a cL?OHaFFa: ?pa7 :o;L:i x2i;i=a^ 1y47e ?epa?K=a:.
 HociG, 7a=OciFe, :a;i ;ac:a, <ae pMGK ^cxo^.
1)  A;e 6 i 4o^3i Gapo4 y :acy! pa1aGFe, <o6a 1 2K <O=e ?pa?ycLFi;i? Mo9 FO3=i: 7apa7
a4K47e. aNcO, :a1 =e c?a7L=iFFa.
 /=e cy?paFL. A;e ?a?KBa9FecO ^BKx, xBo cBaiFL ?a?epa47e.
2)  &i 3MBae <e9cFa ;O 2a:=a 2o;L=ae? Mo6=a O3o 7a=OFL?
 a;i ;ac:a, ?paHy.
 7O:yN.
3)  &i:a2a, :o;L:i <K cBai< =a 3MBa9 cBa=FKi?
 HO 2e4aN. epHK pa7 e4y ?a 3MBK< <apHpyFe.
 A:y4K 2K e47eFe?
 a epacLFO.
 K: 2K a HocBa9 3a47i=e 1y47eFe Ba<. A <=e OHGM exaFL 4K exaFL.
4)  yH=a ^2a3o=e. a;i 1:pKxy ?paGK=iFL 2a:=o? BK =e cy?paFL?
 Ta:, a4GK=O9Fe, :a;i ;ac:a... A2K 6 OHGM 9^ Fë?;K< H2M4pK!
a=OB:i Hac=aFFaBKO.
2.
M=e 1a;iFL c:ypa =a pa<ë=ax. 7iFO 7ax2apM;a =a a47ëp. # ca<a;ëFe O3o 2a=iBye. TpM1a icLFi =a
pM=B3e=. a;iFL y3py47Ox, 4o:Bap ?pK7=a^ 7a?a;e=L=e ;ë3:ix. Ë= ;eGKFL 47Oc=K.
8.
M=e 1a;iFL 7y1. TpM1a 9cLFi 4a 4a=BKcBa.
Ha py:ox 7LO2i;icO =e9:iO ?;O<K. TpM1a 9cLFi 4a 4Mp<aBo;O3a.
a;OFL FO3;iFK =a HKi. M^=a 7acBy47i^. TpM1a 9cLFi 4a <aca6KcBa.
;a3a c?;N, xyB:a cBa<;ONcO. TpM1a 9cLFi 4a =M^pa?aBo;O3a.
HeHBa 7po: cac;a1e^. TpM1a 9cLFi 4a a:y;icBa.
BKFO^ py:y. aNcO, :a1 =e 1K;o ?epa;o<y. TpM1a 9cLFi 4a Bpa^<aBo;O3a.
a;iFL 3a;a2a, ?a;. TpM1a 9cLFi 4a BMpa?M^Ba.
-228-
10.
 <aix cO1po^ A=4pM9 <a;a47e9HK 7a ^cix. /<y 21 3o4, a;e 2K3;O4ae ë= :pKxy cBa;e9HK<. BKco:i,
ë= 190 ca=BK<MBpa^ pocBy. MoF=K, 4o1paO ?acBa2a. pK3o6K a2a; B2apy, a4:pKBK ?a3;O4. Hoc <ep=K,
?pa<K, 2a;acK pycKO, :apKO 2oGK. /<y 4a B2apy ^cL<eH:a. &ixa<ip=K xapa:Bapa<. KG;i2K,
c?a3a4=K. a;i cO1pa ^ 1O47e, A=4pM9 7a^cë4K 4a?a<o6a. A47i=ae, HBo <=e =e ?a4a1aeFFa ^ i<  ë=
c<a;iFL FK3ap:i. BocL HBo <=e ?pK:pa! /1 Ba: xaFe^, :a1 ë= 2K72a;i^cO a4 3MBa9 H:o4=a9 72KG:i.
A=4pM9 2yGKFFa =a BpM9Fi< :ypce Me=c:a3a pa4KëBMx=iG=a3a i=cBKByBy.  pa=L=O 9 4a 2eGapa ë=
?i;L=yeFFa c2a93o pac:;a4y 4=O.  2acL<i 3a47i=a^ ë= =a ;e:FKOx, :a;O 47L2Nx 3a47i=a^ 4=O c:a=Gae
7a=OB:i. a;y4=ye, a Ba4K 947e ^ 1i1;iOBM:y. a 17 3a47i=a^ O<y BpM1a ?a4pKxBa2aFFa 4a 7a^BpaH=ix
7a=OB:a^, c?aB:aFFa 7 cO1pa<i, a ?oBK< ë= <yciFL 1KFL =a c2ai< ?paFo^=K< <e9cFK. A=4pM9
?a4?paFo^2ae ^ a4=o9 :a<?yBapo2a9 Dip<e, i <ae =a<ep ?a9cLFi By4K ?paFa2aFL, :a;i c:o=GKFL
2yGo1y ^ i=cBKByFe.
a=OB:i cO<=aFFaBKO.
5.
1 10, 2 5, 3 7, 4 2, 5 1, 6 3, 7 11, 8 6, 9 9, 10 4, 11 8.
8.
Cë=L=O O <aN 2o;L=K 47e=L, i O 7a9<aNcO xaB=i<i 3ac?a4apGK<i c?pa2a<i. epa3;e47e^ =aH a1yBa:
 BpM1a Boe-cëe ?a4;a47iFL. aBpM1=K =o2KO ?a4=oc:i, =a1o9:i. # Gapa2i:ax BpM1a 7a<aFa2aFL a1Fac i
OHGM 4a2O47eFFa ?a<O=OFL 7a<o:. BocL 3MBKO c:ypa=KO ByD;i c?aGaB:y 1K;i O:pa7, a FO?ep HBocLFi
ByB 7a<i=ae. HO^FO< <=e, a4:y;L 2K:aca^cO OHGM 9 FL2i:!
A4=K< c;o2a<, <yHy 7L1ipaFFa ^ <a9cBMp=N. Pa<o=B a1yB:y :a;O ca<a3a 4o<y. Ma9cBpK ^ =ac
=e1;a3iO, O: cL;e4 c?pa^;ONFL c2aN ?paFy. a^cë4K ?apa47OFL, ?a4:a6yFL, HBo 4a Ga3o i O: ;e?H
a1;a47iFL a1yBa:. ac;y3i 2a1yB=i:o^ :aHByNFL, ?M^=a 6, =OBa==a, a;e 7aBoe =a O:acLFL pa1oB =O<a
Ga3o 6a;iFFa.
a94y, ?a:y;L Gac OHGM ëcLFL, ?pa7 ?a^3a47i=K <a9cBMp=O 7aGK=iFFa.
a=Bpo;L=aO pa1oBa.
1.
« pKexa^HK ^ cBa;iFy, aca1;i2a =e pa74y<2a9Fe, =a GK< 4a1ipaFFa ^ CBo^1FK,  a44a9Fe
?epa2a3y GK3y=FK: O74a =a M;e:BpKGFK 7o9<e ^cO3o ?a^BapK 3a47i=K. Me=a2iBa cBo;L:i 6Gacy ^ =ac
1y47e =a 7=aë<cB2a 7, Ba: 1K <o2iFL, :a;OGK3y=aG=K<i c;a2yBacLFO<i, =a9?epH ;iBapaByp=K<i.
pa^4a, 4a 4pa1=iFa^ pa7a1paFL i 7ac2oiFL ycë 7a 3MBK Gac ?pocBa =e<a3GK<a. Ta<y 7acOpo47i< y2a3y
Bo;L:i =a BK< 7=aG=K< i a4<eB=K<, HBo cycBpM=eFFa.
a 2a:=o< 2a3o=a <i;L3aNFL a1pKcK 1e;apyc:a9 cBa;iFK, 77a4y 7acBa;8cO 3apa4c:iO GK3y=aG=KO
?pK?K=:i a;L=iFa, ypaco^HGK=a i “a9. a;N1a2a^HKcO <OcFo2K<i :paO2i4a<i, <K =e^?pK:<eB
?paO646ae< i cBa=FKN a<KcL;iHGa, i cxa2a=KO ^ 7e;O=i=e ?pKGK3y=aG=a9 axo^=a9 ?a;acK
?pK?K=:i FiG 4K Bo^:a2iGK. I 2ocL =apMHFe $a=i?a;L.
(C.“a;o^:a)
3.
«# cOpM47i=e XIII cBa3o47L47O ?aGK=aeFFa =o2aO M?oxa 1e;apyc:ae 3icBopKi  M?oxa BO;i:a3a
=OcB2a iBo^c:a3a. A1 O4=a=L=e c;a1Kx i pa7po7L=e==Kx 7e<;O^ y a4=y 1y9=yN 47Op6a2y 1K;o ^
i=BapMcax O: 1a;BF:a3a, Ba: i ^cxo4=ec;a2O=c:a3a =ace;L=iFB2a, 1o 7 ycxo4y ?a3pa6a;i <a=3o;a-BaBapK,
a 7 7axa4y ?aGK=a;i Fic=yFL =O<eF:iO pKFapK. a<i6 ;iB2o9 i :pK2iGa<i ic=a2a;i 4a^=iO HGK;L=KO
cy2O7i. Ta<y ^B2apM=L=e 47Op6a2K a41K;ocO =aBypa;L=a i 1e7 aca1;i2a3a 32a;By.
(#;.Ap;o^, “.Ca3a=o2iG)