page_1062 < previous page page_1062 next page > Page 1062 duction, and it appealed to the growing class of corporate managers who were distrustful of labor and intent on maximizing efficiency and profits. Other consultants, like Lillian and Frank Gilbreth and H. L. Gantt, pursued similar ideas. Taylor's doctrine was not always followed precisely by his converts, but by the 1920s his emphasis on standardization, close accounting, and managerial control had had a profound effect on industrial management throughout the United States. See also Industrial Revolution; Science and Technology. Teapot Dome Affair Teapot Dome, Wyoming, was one of two naval oil reserve sites improperly leased to private interests by Secretary of the Interior Albert B. Fall in 1922. The incident was one of numerous examples of corruption and malfeasance during the administration of President Warren G. Harding. Teapot Dome and Elk Hills, California, had been set aside before World War I for naval use. Soon after Harding's inauguration in 1921, Fall persuaded the secretary of the navy to turn over the administration of both sites to the Department of the Interior. Then, in the spring of 1922, he secretly leased Elk Hills to the Pan-American Petroleum Company and Teapot Dome to the Mammoth Oil Company. Some questions were raised at the time the sites were transferred to Interior, and more arose when news of the leases leaked out. But the full story did not emerge until after Harding died in August 1923. That October, the Senate Public Lands Committee, at the urging of Thomas J. Walsh of Montana, launched an investigation. It revealed that at the time the leases were signed, Edwin Doheny, president of Pan-American, had presented Fall with a $100,000 unsecured interest-free loan, and Harry Sinclair, president of Mammoth Oil, had given him more than $300,000 in government bonds and cash. As a result of these findings, Congress agreed by joint resolution on February 8, 1924, to sue for cancelation of the leases; the suit was finally won in 1927. Meanwhile, Doheny, Sinclair, and Fall were all acquitted of conspiracy to defraud the government, but Sinclair was imprisoned for contempt of Congress and jury tampering, and Fall paid a large fine and served a year in prison for bribery. See also Corruption. Technology See Science and Technology. Tecumseh (17681813), Shawnee political leader and war chief. Born at Old Piqua, on the Mad River in western Ohio, Tecumseh grew to manhood amid the border warfare that ravaged the Ohio Valley during the last quarter of the eighteenth century. In 1774, his father, Puckeshinwa, was killed at the Battle of Point Pleasant, and in 1779 his mother, Methoataske, accompanied those Shawnees who migrated to Missouri. Raised by an older sister, Tecumpease, he accompanied an older brother, Chiksika, on a series of raids against frontier settlements in Kentucky and Tennessee in the late 1780s. He did not participate in the defeat of Gen. Josiah Harmar (1790), but led a scouting party that monitored Gen. Arthur St. Clair's advance (1791) and fought at Fort Recovery and Fallen Timbers (1794). Embittered by the Indian defeat, he did not attend the subsequent negotiations and refused to sign the Treaty of Greenville (1795). By 1800 Tecumseh had emerged as a prominent war chief. He led a band of militant, younger warriors and their families located at a village on the White River in east-central Indiana. There in 1805 Lalawethika, one of Tecumseh's younger brothers, experienced a series of visions that transformed him into a prominent religious leader. Taking the name Tenskwatawa, or "The Open Door," the new Shawnee Prophet began to preach a nativistic revitalization that seemed to offer the Indians a religious deliverance from their problems. Tecumseh seemed reluctant to accept his brother's teachings until June 16, 1806, when the Prophet accurately predicted an eclipse of  < previous page page_1062 next page >