4 Cie> Európskej Å›nie 20 - 20 20 - cie>, ktorż prijala Európska rada na svojom zasadnutí v roku 2007 Do roku 2020: 1) zní~ie spotrebu energie o 20 % zlepaením energetickej efektívnosti a) na strane vżroby: napr. podpora rozairovania technológií kogenerácie (napríklad kombinácia produkcie elektrickej energie a tepla a pod.). b) na strane spotreby: zvżaie energetickÅ› efektívnose spotreby, napr. zatep>ovanie budov, pou~ívanie efektívnych spotrebi%0Å„ov, svetelnżch zdrojov, ..., 2) zní~ie mieru produkcie emisií skleníkovżch plynov o 20 percent v porovnaní s rokom 1990 3) zvżaie podiel obnovite>nżch zdrojov na celkovej energetickej skladbe na 20 percent http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2010:0265:FIN:SK:PDF http://ec.europa.eu/europe2020/pdf/targets_sk.pdf http://www.energia.sk/analyza/energeticka-efektivnost/eu-chce-viac-setrit-energiami/6832/ 1 http://www.worldenergy.org/documents/ser_2010_report_1.pdf 4.1 Zvyaovanie energetickej efektívnosti a) zvyaovanie energetickej efektívnosti na strane vżroby V tepelnżch elektrárHach je efektívnose premeny energie nízka, aj v najmodernejaích elektrárHach je to maximálne cca 50 %. http://www.seas.sk/sk/elektrarne/typy- elektrarni/tepelne/ako-funguje-tepelna-elektraren Jednou z ciest k efektivnejaiemu vyu~itiu energie je kogenerácia. Pri kogenera%0Å„nom procese je odpadné teplo vżhodne vyu~ívané k ohrevu teplej vody, vykurovaniu a podobnżm Å›%0Å„elom. Tak je sÅ›%0Å„asne vyu~itá energia pre vżrobu elektriny a stratové teplo je k dispozícii k alaiemu pou~itiu. Je mo~né tak dosiahnue pribli~ne 80 % tepelnej Å›%0Å„innosti vztiahnutej na energetickż obsah vżhrevnosti paliva. 2 http://www.kombinovana-vyroba.cz/ http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kogenerace b) zvyaovanie energetickej efektívnosti na strane spotreby Spotreba energie %0Å„lenskżch atátov EÚ pod>a sektorov Note: Transport and industry consume more than half of the total final energy in the EU, while a quarter of final energy is consumed by households. Vżvoj spotreby energie %0Å„lenskżch atátov EÚ pod>a sektorov Note: Final energy consumed by transport has strongly increased in the last 2 decades (+31%) even though the economic crisis has slightly 3 reversed the curb in 2009. 4 5 6 7 http://www.energia.sk/otazka/legislativa/novy-energeticky-stitok-spotrebicov/4716/ Potenciál Å›spor energie pod>a sektorov do roku 2020 http://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/commission/2011/Presentation_speeches/2ndDay/02_Fabrizio_Barbaso.pdf 8 http://www.energia.sk/legislativa/legislativa/nova-smernica-o-energetickej-efektivnosti/8325/ 4.2 Zni~ovanie emisií skleníkovżch plynov Produkcia CO2 pod>a sektorov v atátoch EÚ v roku 2009 Note: Energy industries are responsible for 35% of CO2 emissions. Transport comes just after with 30% of CO2 emissions. http://auto.sme.sk/c/6702569/unia-zistila-ze-automobilky-podvadzaju-v-ramci-predpisov.html 9 Vżvoj emisií skleníkovżch plynov atátov Európskej Å›nie The term EU-15 refers to the 15 Member States of the European Union as of December 31, 2003, before the new Member States joined the EU. The 15 Member States are Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. 10 http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/data-viewers/greenhouse-gases-viewer 4.3 Zvyaovanie vyu~ívania obnovite>nżch zdrojov v EÚ 11 Napredovanie atátov EÚ vo vyu~ití OZE na dosiahnutie http://ec.europa.eu/energy/publications/doc/2012_energy_transport_figures.pdf cie>a roku 2020 Vżvoj spotreby celkovej energie %0Å„lenskżch atátov EÚ pod>a paliva Note: The quasi-stability of energy consumption in the EU (it increased by only 2% between 1990 and 2009) hides a strong decline in coal consumption (-41%) while the consumption of renewables and gas grew by 116% and 41% respectively. 12 http://ec.europa.eu/energy/observatory/countries/doc/key_figures.pdf Energetickż mix %0Å„lenskżch atátov EÚ Note: The picture of the energy mix strongly varies among Member States. For instance Malta energy consumption is 100% dependent on oil, while oil accounts for less than 20% of the energy consumption in Estonia. 13 http://ec.europa.eu/energy/observatory/countries/doc/key_figures.pdf Predpokladanż vżvoj vżroby energie v EÚ z obnovite>nżch zdrojov do roku 2020 Note: Solar, wind and biomass are the technologies progressing most rapidly. Solar and wind develop for electricity generation while biomass remains dominant for the heating sector. 14 http://ec.europa.eu/energy/observatory/countries/doc/key_figures.pdf Investície do obnovite>nżch zdrojov energie Note: In 2009, investment in renewable energy fell in the EU by 10% in the context of the economic crisis, while it increased by more than 50% in China& 15 http://ec.europa.eu/energy/observatory/countries/doc/key_figures.pdf Vżroba elektrickej energie %0Å„lenskżch atátov EÚ pod>a typu paliva (porovnanie roku 1990 a 2009) Note: Gas and renewables are more and more contributing to the electricity generation in the EU, just after nuclear and coal& . 16 http://ec.europa.eu/energy/observatory/countries/doc/key_figures.pdf Podiel jadrového paliva na vżrobe elektrickej energie %0Å„lenskżch atátov EÚ Note: In 2009, 15 Member States produced electricity from nuclear energy, with the highest share in France (76 %). 17 http://ec.europa.eu/energy/observatory/countries/doc/key_figures.pdf http://www.skrea.sk/index.php?id=703&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=395&tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=131&cHash=11073d2255 Podiel plynu na vżrobe elektrickej energie %0Å„lenskżch atátov EÚ Note: Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Ireland and Italy produced more than 50 % of their electricity from gas. 18 http://ec.europa.eu/energy/observatory/countries/doc/key_figures.pdf Podiel uhlia na vżrobe elektrickej energie %0Å„lenskżch atátov EÚ Note: Electricity generation from coal remains particularly high in Poland and Estonia. 19 http://ec.europa.eu/energy/observatory/countries/doc/key_figures.pdf Podiel ropy na vżrobe elektrickej energie %0Å„lenskżch atátov EÚ Note: Electricity generation in Malta and Cyprus is quasi exclusively dependent on oil. 20 http://ec.europa.eu/energy/observatory/countries/doc/key_figures.pdf Podiel obnovite>nżch zdrojov na vżrobe elektrickej energie %0Å„lenskżch atátov EÚ Note: In Austria, 68 % of electricity generation was provided by renewable energy sources in 2009 while the EU average was of 18%... 21 http://ec.europa.eu/energy/observatory/countries/doc/key_figures.pdf 22 23