Logistyka  nauka
Ewa Kowalska-Napora
The Technical University in Opole, Faculty of Logistics
Higher School of Banking in Chorzow, Faculty of Logistics
Architecture of the Logistics Network
in the Distribution of Non-parametric
To my Friend and Mentor, Professor Stanisław Tkaczyk
The notion of value is to be understood as a logistic value,
as we assume we are an open system and we actively form
Introduction
relations in a network, which shape the reception of the
notion quality/price.
While defining the ways to solve a problem one needs to
Let us start from the basics  how can one perceive the
define it, i.e. to describe the necessity of changes (or its
notion of logistic value?
solution), to find out and define possible alternatives and/or
possible optimizations etc.; in this way, one could enumerate
the specifics and/or the applicable procedures indefinitely.
Value vs. Logistic Quality,
In order to define anything, one must know what a given
and the Estimation of the Response Field
notion refers to as well as in what space is occurs. If we
know the initial conditions  we are able to pick out the
Any process can be assumed as a logistic one when the
options of the alternation ranking criteria in the selected
distribution, the state, and the flows of its components i.e.
areas of answers.
people, material goods, information and financial means
Well, it seems there is nothing special there,  but still the
would require coordination with other processes because of
thing has not been fully defined nor confidence given as to
the criteria of localization, time, costs and/or effectiveness of
whether the problem has been accurately assessed by us.
fulfillment of the desired target of an organization [Kraw-
We define a problem so as to solve it in the most optimal
czyk 2001, p. 34, see: Tkaczyk 2000, p. 43 52].
way. Such is the assumption, whereas in reality an attempt of
With the help of an experiment, there is a possibility to
its optimization refers to the modeled space of the answers,
indicate and name the decisional components influencing
and the more precise the model is, the less unified it
parametrical process changes, and  in this way  shaping the
becomes, being mostly connected with the assessment
final effect expressed as a product result. Border process
variant, always based on the selected parameters, which are
parameter typing allows to generate these basic components
also liable to some form of change, changing their actual
which, when verified, will help in the attainment of the
ranges, or being able, due to the observer s level of diligence,
desired product patterns (fig. 1) [Kasiewicz 2002, p. 172,
to exclude the estimation error.
see: Kowalska- Napora 2008, Kowalska-Napora 2011a,
The paper author could be able to write, in this way, for
p. 170].
a very long period of time, what, obviously, could not help
the text to become more and more comprehensible in any
way, shifting it into the area of the texts usually defined as
pretty embroiled instead. In this way, so as to stop the
process of interlacement of normal, up to a point, reasoning
in the reception of the local environment, it deems necessary
to put a full-stop here and state that it is the size of the
model, which lets us impose more tabs on the eyes and 
make more serious mistakes in the process of test estimation.
In the conditions of informal logics it would be much
easier to argue with the help of a mechanism and/or various
differential equations, but what we have here is some
pm,n  m, n parameter fields; f(s) re-allocation.
sensitivity of the attributes and the Lapunov co-efficient.
So let us put a full-stop here and make an attempt to define
Fig. 1. Specification of border limits and subsequent approach to
the research problem of these considerations, so laborious
the estimated values. Source: D.M. Upton, Designing, Managing
and difficult to read. and Improving Operations, Prentice Hall, New York 1998, p. 12.
In respect to the incremental value of time, what undergoes
the process of change is the value of the answer to the
In this way we can talk about an attempt to define the
question concerning the assessment of the issues of the
influence of possible decisional changes in respect of the
problem and the target.
estimated limit of the process in question [Kacprzyk 2004,
The question raised by the paper author looks as follows: is
p. 20 21, Szołtysek, Kowalska-Napora 2008, p. 75] and is
it possible to define the non-parametric distribution in
subsequent formation of product quality/value (fig 2).
general; and how may its re-definition influence the
At the beginning it is necessary to describe the difference
appropriate formation of the notions of value and quality?
between two semantically close notions i.e. product quality
and product value. A customer expects quality to be hidden
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in a product but, in the moment of its purchase, the product Taking the competitive point of view, value appears to be
value is bought. This value-accepting approach to a product equivalent to the price potential customers are willing to pay
is to be understood much larger than one s concentration on for the product offered to them by a firm. The goal of any
the product quality aspect only. Quality is what we search general strategy is the formation of possibilities helpful to
for, whereas value  what we buy and what we are willing to form a bid for a good to be offered to the customers, whereby
pay for.
its value will exceed the cost if its production (& ). In this
In this way, while looking for a definition estimating the
way the identification of any value-connected activities will
relative value of a product, a problem of triple nature
require the formation of separate categories of technolo-
emerges:
gically and strategically differentiated tasks [Porter 2006,
 what is quality?
p. 64 67].
 what is value?
The process of decision taking is more effective, and its
 what reference points to the two notions can be found?
quality appears to be more coherent when various decision-
The culmination of a correctly-solved problem should be
taking procedures have been formed. In case such a process
a decision. Its perception ought to be based upon the
has not been properly organized, any decision will usually
structure of the problem and the expected results after it has
reveal its ad hoc character [Drucker 2007, p. 23].
been solved. Any decision ought to be the result of the
process of decision-making, i.e. the processing of intentions
Level 0 Level I Level n
into action goals, where the goals are to define the required
changes in respect to a situation and/or person. In other
words, the process of decision-taking means an activity,
consciously selected from a number of accessible alternatives
in order to attain the required goal/s/ in the manner
understood as optimal [Penc 2007, p. 158, Tracy, Thompson
2012, p. 43].
logistic product maintenance
n=I
physical
product availability, product amount,
Fig. 3. Networking. Source: own elaboration on the grounds of
outlook of
product condition, place of delivery,
E. Kowalska-Napora, Sposoby odczytu informacji i ich rola w bu-
product
time of delivery, form of product order,
dowaniu strategii jakości, [Forms of Information Decoding and
access to information, reliablity and
Their Function in Development of Quality Strategy], [in:] J. Kisiel-
credibility of supply, flexibility of
nicki, W. Chmielarz, T. Parys (ed.): Informatyka w przyszłości
supply, duration of supply, packaging
[IT in Future], Wydział Zarządzania Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego,
shape, color, size,
of goods, installation in the customer s
Warszawa 2010, pass. 3.2., pp. 193 202.
technology, chemical
premises, repairs and spare parts
features, biological
supply, warranty and replace of worn
features, product
parts, other activities
As one can read in S.P. Robbins, the shortest distance
durability
between any two points is always covered by a straight line.
Similarly, being rational means the shortest distance from the
Fig 2. The function of logistics in the formation of value for
place you are now at to the place you would like to be
a product. Source: M. Ciesielski, J. DÅ‚ugosz (red.), Strategie
[Robbins 2005, p. 16].
łańcuchów dostaw [Chain Supply Strategies], PWE, Warszawa
2010, p. 71. The decisional space is shaped in the n-dimensional form
within the same infinite number of dimensions. In the area of
recognized and limited space, which aims towards infinity,
Successful managers do not take too many decisions;
there can either be performed just a few, or an infinite
instead, they concentrate upon the issues recognized as
number of objective functions.
particularly important. They try to undertake only a few most
Depending on the reference system and the parameters
salient decisions, normally placed upon the highest level of
used to describe the space, there take place the calculations
generality. They make an attempt to find a relatively stable
concerning the approximate number of the objective
point, so as to consider it on the strategic (i.e. general) level
functions, the degree of their mutual dependence and/or
rather than simply solve the problem [Drucker 2007, p. 7].
abolition, and the specific features of the parameters used to
Many people appear to reveal natural disposition to notice
describe it (fig. 4) [Kowalska- Napora 2010b, pp. 35 47].
the oncoming differences. We are able to discover the
In this way it is possible to produce six consecutive stages
important differences only by means of contrasting them
of the process of rational decision-taking [Drucker 2007,
with one of the elements common to all of the compared
p. 8 9]:
issues, what lets spot the differences in a much easier way
 recognize and define the problem;
(& ). A category is a collection of elements with one basic
 recognize the decisional criteria;
feature, common to all of them. Categories perform an
 find out the criteria values;
important function in the process of perception and cognition
 elaborate possible solutions;
of the local environment by us (fig. 3) [Zaltman, Zaltman
 assess the applicability of each of the possible solutions;
2010, p. 58].
 select the possibility, which has earned the highest mark.
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Value
The change does not only concern time development, but
logistics
also space differentiation [Kowalska- Napora 2010c,
p. 86 87].
I n
This differentiation, that is space individualization, is the
result of influence of a highly organized set of components,
which mostly includes the substances of biological,
functional and technological nature, .i.e. the ones basically
connected with the rational sphere of human activity [Tkocz
2007, p. 46].
Developmental trends of enterprises and their  co-
operation -based conditionings may be recounted by clusters,
time
their structure and flow characteristics [Kowalska- Napora
Fig. 4. The estimated values of the functions in the estimated field 2010a, p. 104 117].
I, n. Source: own elaboration.
When the nature of the random event which actually
occurred has already been discovered, its stable
consequences take the shape of a physical law at any level,
The Project Assumptions
with the exception of the most basic one [Gell-Mann1996, p.
The most important features of a logistic project should
189. Barrow2008, p. 136].
include [Kasperek 2008, p. 44]:
The expression  event space means that all possible
 necessity to take into account logistic conflicts (cost trade
results of a random process will be considered as points
offs);
placed in a space. In simpler situations such a space may
 inclusion of the total logistic costs at the stage of project
include just a few points, but it can also be an infinite
analysis, in the form of a decisional criterion;
continuum in case of more complex situations [Mlodinow
 necessity of adaptation management;
2009, p. 64].
 necessity of the construction dedicated to the project
methodology at the stage of its practical realization;
 necessity to define the level of customer service offered
The Author s explications
as a result of the project practical realization as well as
An important task in the process of strategy construction
during the project performance;
upon many different structural levels is the estimation of the
 definition of the function and localization of the logistic
purpose or function of a set of objectives [Krawiec 2011,
project in the organizational structure of the enterprise.
p. 96, Cieślicki 2001, p. 13, Collins J.C., Porras 2003, p. 140,
The most important features of project classification are as
Pfeffer 2011, p. 48].
follows [see Kasperek 2006]:
A limitation of conventional mathematics in respect to its
 subject classification;
inconsistency with the ways of reasoning observed in
 classification due to the degree of impact;
humans allowed for the development of multivariate and
 classification due to the duration of project performance;
non-formal logics.
Whereas project costs and its relative value are- and will
A claim that certain logical rules are, in a way,  written in
remain- speculative [Tkaczyk S., Kowalska-Napora 2012,
the human mind appears to be just a simple and intuitively
p. 38].
obvious generalization, whereby the generally accepted in
The problem of value identification and logistic quality
developmental psychology functionalism assumes the human
refers to the two aspects in the area of the client case and the
mind to be a  device directly responsible for all the
iceberg theory (fig. 5).
operations carried out within symbolic structures [Mackie-
wicz 2000, p. 39].
Some data stored in human mind, useful to carry out an
Oportunity
assessment, appear to be permanently more expressive than
cost
some other ones, what means their influence upon the
assessment is larger and more direct than the remaining,
occasionally used, data, if only they have been logically
associated with an aspect of a situation in which the
assessment takes place [Trzebińska 2008, p. 47].
In the process of decoding, interpreting and agreeing on
the importance of the meaning of symbolic behaviors, it is
human empathy and one s ability to consider a situation from
the point of view of some other person, which are claimed to
be performing pretty salient functions (& ). One can talk
Emotions
about impression manipulation here [Szacka 2003, p.127].
Most of the people positively perceive themselves, the
environment they live in and their future live. The strategies
value
of self-deception we use to handle negative information,
which clearly oppose our positive outlook of the environ-
ment, contain defensive mechanisms, such as negation,
Fig. 5. Perception of value and logistic quality of product. Source:
denial and/or positive delusions [Carr 2009, p. 124].
own elaboration.
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The activities of self-balanced people stand in agreement Just as one defines the levels of context and information
with their words. Such people behave in a responsible way, readability, one often makes an attempt to decode and re-
and reveal the sense of perspective, generally called classify the data upon the own (inherently-formed) language
 common sense (& ). The sense of perspective refers to an of the system.
ability to observe the activities from a distance [Blum 2009, This is also a place, while taking into account the
p. 37]. generalization of the long-term goal, which has been
In the majority of cases, the problem of existence of the accomplished by means of the project practical realization,
measuring function, i.e. logically understood action of where a logistic project can be defined as cost-depending,
measuring a thing does not fully refer to the value just time-depending and organization-depending endeavor aiming
measured, and the obtained figures are only pseudo- at the practical realization of a single and unique activity
indicators, which, actually, do not inform about anything which is to optimize some earlier defined logistic process
[Stachowski 2000, p. 98 99]. [Kasperek 2008, pp. 42 58. Kowalska-Napora, Szołtysek
Therefore, the context of understanding the text and the 2009, pp. 86 94. Tkaczyk, Kowalska-Napora 2008, p. 77 80].
forms of value interpretation is supposed to include the
following levels [Kostera, Åšliwa 2010, p. 95 96]:
Abstract
 the level of one s physical and personal perception;
 the level of high- and low contextual comprehension;
The paper discusses various aspects concerning the
 the level of the understanding of time.
assessment of possibilities of the formation of a system of
The technical interpretation of the act of reasoning, i.e.
logistic values and qualities on the grounds of the existing
changing it into a tool bringing forth positive benefits in the
nonparametric distribution conditions. The decisions taken in
shape of the desired changes, can not only be an end in itself,
regard to the discharge in space take the shape of poly-
clearly separated from the current activity, but also its anti- nominal functions of order so the problem of parametrical
pole, being at most a preliminary condition for an action to
relocation and reference systems may be of relevance and
occur [Bastek 2010, p. 33 34, Terelak 2005, p. 97].
effectiveness of chain actions taken.
Doubting in the existence of sensual or imagined things
Keywords: nonparametric distribution, logistics value, field
reveals the signs of pretense; how could one doubt in a thing
assessment decision.
evoking doubt without its real [physical] existence  I know
that something exists, because I doubt in it [Bastek 2010,
Architecture of the Logistics Network
p. 132 133].
in the Distribution of Non-parametric
There exists some form of system balance, which
expresses itself by means of a level of a physical, emotional,
SUMMARY
social and moral state of things. However, this balance is
As it has been written by the author, the system of creating
a changeable, not a stable one [Zaltman, Zaltman 2010, p. 71].
values equally includes individual, integrated with each other
It has to emerge from the inside and be perceived as a way
chains of values of individual links, which on the one hand
leading from the inside towards the outside of the perception-
have to be flexible and respond quickly to changes in
forming and decisional structures.
demand, and at the same time create a value on both the local
Cognitive demagoguery itself poses a lot of difficulty, not
markets, as well as globally. This paper analyzes the impact
only as a result of fallibility and high-contextual over-
of behavior patterns of links onto the value and quality
interpretation, but also because of the multilayer structure of
created in the network of cooperating links. With its issues
a message [Kowalska-Napora 2012, pp. 12 36].
the paper touches upon the aspects of quality management on
One more problem is the identification of the set of criteria
macro-scale and it interprets the phenomena of quality
used to describe the levels of inter-dependence, or ranges
influence on the added value in the network.The research
applied to define the fundamental values (fig. 6), such as
novelty here is the constitution of the quality criterion as
happiness, a logistic value, development, quality and forms
intangible and subjected values. As it has been written by the
of its interpretation etc.
author, while determining ways to solve a problem you need
to define the problem, identify the need for change-as well as
its solution, defining alternatives. The paper touches upon
the problems of identification the function of an object,
selecting its sets and its cancelling, in such characteristics 
so as to categorize properly the scope of a decision. The
problematic novelty of the analysis is selecting the estimated
value and its impact on the extent of target optimization
within the sensitivity area.
Keywords: architekture, network, distribution, sensitivity
area.
Fig. 6. The balance level and the practical realization of the
objective function. Source: own elaboration after S. Tkaczyk,
I. Głażewska, Quality management: selected aspects: a study
prepared in fulfilment of the goals of the Centre of Quality Studies
at the Faculty of Management, Warsaw University of Technology,
Faculty of Management, Dom Wydawniczy Elipsa, Warszawa
2010, p. 33 69.
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10. Kacprzyk J., 2004, Wieloetapowe sterowanie rozmyte [Multi-
Architektur Logistik Network
stadial Fuzzy Control], WNT Warszawa.
in nicht parametrischem Vertrieb
11. Kasiewicz S., 2002, ZarzÄ…dzanie operacyjne w dobie globali-
zacji [Operational Management in the Times of Globalisation],
KURZFASSUNG
Difin, Warszawa.
Wie von den Autor geschrieben, der Wertkreationssystem
enthaltet sowohl individual als auch integriert miteinander 12. Kasperek M., 2006, Planowanie i organizacja projektów logi-
stycznych [Planning and Organization of Logistic Projects],
verwandte Wertketten, die einerseits elastisch sein und
Akademia Ekonomiczna w Katowicach, Katowice.
schnell auf die Änderungen wenn notwendig reagieren
müssen, andererseits sowohl am lokalen Markt als auch am
13. Kasperek M., 2008, Projekty logistyczne- nowe wyzwanie dla
globalen Markt das Wert erschaffen. Der Artikel analysiert
logistyki XXI w. [Logistic Projects; a New Challenge of the 21
den Einfluss der Verhaltensbeziehung auf den Wert und die Century], [in:] Jaworski J., Rytlewski A. (ed.): Funkcjonowanie
systemów logistycznych [The Functioning of Logistic Systems],
Qualität im mitfühlenden Beziehungsnetwork. Der Artikel
Prace Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Bankowej w Gdańsku, Volu-
spricht die Aspekten der in Makroskala Qualitätsverwaltung
me II, Warszawa.
an und interpretiert den Phänomen des Einfluss der Qualität
auf das zugebenden Wert im Network. Die Forschungs-
14. Kostera M., Śliwa M., 2010, Zarządzanie w XXI wieku. Jakość,
neuheit ist die Konstitution des Qualitätskriteriums als
twórczość, kultura [Management in the 21 Century. Quality,
immaterielle und anfällige Werte. Wie von den Autor ge- Creation, Culture], Wydawnictwa Akademickie i Profesjonal-
ne, Warszawa.
schrieben, während der Bestimmung der arten der Problem-
lösung ist es nötig um das Problem zu definieren, die
15. Kowalska-Napora E., 2010a, ABM w systemach logistycznych
Änderungsnotwendigkeit zu indentifinierien und die Lösung
jako sposób na optymalizację procesów wytwarzania [ABM in
auch, alternativ definieren. Der Artikel spricht das Iden- Logistic Systems as a Way for the Optimization of Production
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selektion und die Annullierung an, in solchen Charakte- funkcjonowania przedsiębiorstw [Development and Better
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pp. 104 117.
kategorisieren. Die problematische Neuheit der Analyse
ist die Selektion des Schätzwerts und ihrer Einfluss auf
16. Kowalska-Napora E., 2010b, The Cost Eefficiency of the
die Optimierungsstufe im Sensibilitätsbereich. Chosen Knot in the Logistic Net, [in:] Grzybowska K. (red.),
Stichwörter: architektur, network, distribution, sensibilitäts- New Insights into Suplly Chain, Monograph, Publishing House
of Poznan University of Technology, Poznań, pp. 35 47.
feld.
17. Kowalska-Napora E., 2008, Diagnostyka zarzÄ…dzania pro-
cesem, jako z
ródło innowacji [The Diagnostics of Process
Management as a Source of Innovation],  Logistyka , nr 5,
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